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Pallan M, Mason F, Parretti HM, Adab P, Abbott S, Jolly K. Supporting healthcare professionals to address child weight with parents: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract 2024; 74:e417-e425. [PMID: 38575182 PMCID: PMC11005922 DOI: 10.3399/bjgp.2023.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary care and community healthcare professionals (HCPs) are well placed to discuss child excess weight with parents and support them to make changes. However, HCPs have concerns about addressing this issue. There is a need to understand the factors that influence HCPs in initiating these conversations to inform strategies to support them. AIM To explore with HCPs, working in primary care and community settings, their experiences of having conversations about child weight with parents, and the factors that create barriers or facilitate them to have these conversations. DESIGN AND SETTING A qualitative study with GPs, primary care nurses (PNs), and school nurses (SNs) in England. METHOD GPs and PNs were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews. SNs from a community healthcare NHS trust were recruited to participate in focus groups. Vignettes were used to stimulate discussion. Data were analysed guided by the Framework approach. RESULTS Thirteen GPs, seven PNs, and 20 SNs participated. The following three themes were identified regarding barriers to HCPs having conversations about child excess weight: structural and organisational; HCP related; and parent or family related. The themes identified for the factors that facilitate these conversations were: structural changes (for example, dedicated appointments, access to weight assessment data, joined-up working across agencies); HCP approaches (for example, providing appropriate dietary and physical activity advice); and HCP knowledge and skills (for example, enhancing HCPs' general and weight management-related skills and knowledge of child weight management services). CONCLUSION A range of barriers exist to HCPs addressing child excess weight with parents in primary care and community settings. Actions to effect structural changes and support HCPs in developing relevant knowledge and skills are required to overcome these barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Pallan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Frances Mason
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Helen M Parretti
- Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich
| | - Peymané Adab
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Sally Abbott
- Research Centre for Healthcare and Communities, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Coventry University, Coventry; Department of Dietetics, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry
| | - Kate Jolly
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham
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Martin É, Bergeron D, Gaboury I. The Use of Vignettes to Improve the Validity of Qualitative Interviews for Realist Evaluation. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:10497323241237411. [PMID: 38501324 DOI: 10.1177/10497323241237411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Although realist evaluation (RE) requires multiple data collection methods, qualitative interviews are considered most valuable and are most frequently used. The guiding principles of RE may limit the emergence of new Context-Mechanism-Outcome (CMO) configurations by evoking particular underlying mechanisms. This paper proposes a new method for conducting semi-structured interviews in the RE context by drawing on the literature and examining the ability of vignettes to explore perceptions about specific situations. Vignettes are developed based on researchers' knowledge of the setting and program theory and are updated through an iterative process throughout data collection. Interviews focus on situations illustrated in the vignette to capture variations in interviewees' perceptions. This method constrains interviewees to using retroduction to identify the hidden underlying mechanisms that link contextual elements to outcomes based on their experiences. This method allows researchers to focus on CMO configurations without evoking mechanisms, which contributes to the rigor of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élisabeth Martin
- Département de médecine de Famille, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC, Canada
| | - Dave Bergeron
- Département des sciences de la santé, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gaboury
- Département de médecine de Famille, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, QC, Canada
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3
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Melwani S, Cleland V, Patterson K, Nash R. Health literacy profiles of pregnant women and mothers in Tasmania: A cluster analysis. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 38402877 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Health literacy development can help to reduce the growing noncommunicable disease burden globally. However, less is known about the health literacy needs of pregnant women and mothers necessary to guide health literacy development in this priority population group. To enhance the understanding of the health literacy needs of pregnant women and mothers, this study aimed to develop data-informed health literacy profiles of pregnant women and mothers with children (0-8 years) in Tasmania, as well as data-informed vignettes describing the health literacy needs of women in the different health literacy profiles. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was undertaken. The survey included demographic questions and the health literacy questionnaire (HLQ). The data were analysed using a cluster analysis to identify subgroups with varying health literacy needs. The clusters, in conjunction with demographic characteristics, were used to generate data-informed vignettes representing various health literacy profiles. RESULTS The cluster analysis generated seven health literacy profiles and five vignettes representing diverse health literacy needs of pregnant women and mothers in Tasmania. Each vignette tells a data-informed story of women in Tasmania experiencing diverse health literacy strengths and challenges influencing their access and use of health information and health services. This allowed deeper exploration of the health literacy needs of the subgroups within the target population. CONCLUSION A better understanding of the health literacy needs of pregnant women and mothers can provide policymakers and health care providers with the key insights needed to guide the planning and development of fit-for-purpose solutions. This understanding can also guide the tailoring of existing health and community services, to create a health literacy-responsive environment that is more likely to meet the diverse health needs of pregnant women and mothers. SO WHAT We must shift away from a 'one size fits all' approach and promote the development of a health literacy-responsive environment to improve health and equity outcomes for pregnant women and mothers in Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Melwani
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Verity Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kira Patterson
- School of Education, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rosie Nash
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Gunathilaka NJ, Gooden TE, Cooper J, Flanagan S, Marshall T, Haroon S, D'Elia A, Crowe F, Jackson T, Nirantharakumar K, Greenfield S. Perceptions on artificial intelligence-based decision-making for coexisting multiple long-term health conditions: protocol for a qualitative study with patients and healthcare professionals. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e077156. [PMID: 38307535 PMCID: PMC10836375 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coexisting multiple health conditions is common among older people, a population that is increasing globally. The potential for polypharmacy, adverse events, drug interactions and development of additional health conditions complicates prescribing decisions for these patients. Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated decision-making tools may help guide clinical decisions in the context of multiple health conditions, by determining which of the multiple medication options is best. This study aims to explore the perceptions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients on the use of AI in the management of multiple health conditions. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A qualitative study will be conducted using semistructured interviews. Adults (≥18 years) with multiple health conditions living in the West Midlands of England and HCPs with experience in caring for patients with multiple health conditions will be eligible and purposively sampled. Patients will be identified from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum; CPRD will contact general practitioners who will in turn, send a letter to patients inviting them to take part. Eligible HCPs will be recruited through British HCP bodies and known contacts. Up to 30 patients and 30 HCPs will be recruited, until data saturation is achieved. Interviews will be in-person or virtual, audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The topic guide is designed to explore participants' attitudes towards AI-informed clinical decision-making to augment clinician-directed decision-making, the perceived advantages and disadvantages of both methods and attitudes towards risk management. Case vignettes comprising a common decision pathway for patients with multiple health conditions will be presented during each interview to invite participants' opinions on how their experiences compare. Data will be analysed thematically using the Framework Method. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (Reference: 22/SC/0210). Written informed consent or verbal consent will be obtained prior to each interview. The findings from this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conferences and lay summaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany E Gooden
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Jennifer Cooper
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Sarah Flanagan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Tom Marshall
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Shamil Haroon
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alexander D'Elia
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Francesca Crowe
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | | | - Sheila Greenfield
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Cox C, Hatfield T, Moxey J, Fritz Z. Creating and administering video vignettes for a study examining the communication of diagnostic uncertainty: methodological insights to improve accessibility for researchers and participants. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:296. [PMID: 38102577 PMCID: PMC10722843 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying clinician-patient communication can be challenging, particularly when research seeks to explore cause-and-effect relationships. Video vignettes - hypothetical yet realistic scenarios - offer advantages to traditional observational approaches by enabling standardisation and manipulation of a clinician-patient encounter for assessment by participants. While published guidelines outline stages to create valid video vignette studies, constructing high quality vignettes which are accessible to a wide range of participants and feasible to produce within time and budget restraints remains challenging. Here, we outline our methods in creating valid video vignettes to study the communication of diagnostic uncertainty. We aim to provide practically useful recommendations for future researchers, and to prompt further reflection on accessibility issues in video vignette methodology. METHODS We produced four video vignettes for use in an online study examining the communication of diagnostic uncertainty. We followed established guidelines for vignette production, with specific consideration of how these might be applied pragmatically to save time and resources. Scripts were pilot-tested with 15 laypeople, and videos with 14 laypeople; pilot-testing involved both quantitative and qualitative analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We demonstrate the usefulness of existing guidelines, while also determining that vignette production need not necessarily be expensive or time-consuming to be valid. Our vignettes were filmed using an iPhone camera, and featured a physician rather than a professional actor; nonetheless, pilot-testing found them to be internally and externally valid for experimental use. We thus propose that if care is taken in initial script development and if pragmatic choices are made regarding filming techniques and pilot-testing, researchers can produce valid vignettes within reasonable time and budget restraints. We also suggest that existing research fails to critically examine the potential benefits and harms of online video vignette methodology, and propose that further research should consider how it can be adapted to be inclusive of those from underserved backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS Researchers creating video vignette studies can adapt the video vignette development process to suit time and budget constraints, and to make best use of available technology. Online methods may be harnessed to increase participant accessibility, but future research should explore more inclusive vignette design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitríona Cox
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Thea Hatfield
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Moxey
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë Fritz
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies (THIS) Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Josma D, Morris J, Hopkins R, Quamina A, Siegler AJ, Holland D, Sullivan P, Harrington KRV, Alohan DI, Crawford ND. Comparing open-ended question methods to vignette methods to explore willingness to obtain pre-exposure prophylaxis access in pharmacies among black men who have sex with men. AIDS Care 2023; 35:1955-1962. [PMID: 36892947 PMCID: PMC10491733 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2023.2185193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are at higher risk of HIV transmission than any other group; however, their uptake of the highly effective HIV prevention medication, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is low. In collaboration with a communitybased organization in Atlanta, Georgia, we explored ten HIV-negative BMSM's willingness to obtain PrEP in pharmacies using standard open-ended and vignette qualitative methods. Three overarching themes were identified: privacy, patient-pharmacist interactions, and HIV/STI screening. While open-ended questions allowed participants to provide broad answers on their willingness to receive prevention services at a pharmacy, the vignette drew out specific responses to facilitate in-pharmacy PrEP delivery. Using both openended questions and vignette data collection strategies, BMSM reported high willingness to screen for and uptake PrEP in pharmacies. However, the vignette method allowed for greater depth. Open-ended questions elicited responses that highlighted general barriers and facilitators of PrEP dispensing in pharmacies. However, the vignette allowed participants to customize a plan of action that would best fit their needs. Vignette methods are underutilized in HIV research and may be helpful in supplementing standard open-ended interview questions to uncovering unknown challenges about health behaviors and obtain more robust data on highly sensitive research topics in HIV research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Morris
- National Center for Emerging, Zoonotic, and Infectious Diseases, Office of Innovation, Development, Analytics, and Evaluation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Roderick Hopkins
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine (DGMQ), Community Interventions for Infection Control Unit (CI-ICU), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | | | - Aaron J. Siegler
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Patrick Sullivan
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Daniel I. Alohan
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Natalie D. Crawford
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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7
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Kiaos T. Stop being a wuss: People's perceptions of men experiencing grief in Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2023. [PMID: 37705129 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Three years have passed since the Australian Government's Department of Health released its National Men's Health Strategy 2020-2030. Presently, little evidence is available to show whether the strategy has achieved success in rectifying men's mental-ill health, particularly the experience of stigma when expressing vulnerable emotions such as grief. Concurrently, research within the field of psychology continues to show that men experience significant pressure to conform faithfully to their socialised gender role. Given the focus to better men's mental health in Australia, this study ascertained people's perceptions of men experiencing grief. METHODS The study adopted social constructionism to explore how participants perceived a fictious character living with grief using a hypothetical vignette by way of convenience sampling. Nine males and seven females who resided in Australia participated in answering seven questions concerning the character's experience of grief. RESULTS Inductive thematic analysis yielded three themes which collectively represented perceptions of masculinised grief. Notably, avoid stigma by fixing grief, avoid stigma by quickly getting over grief, and avoid stigma by suppressing the expression of grief. SO WHAT?: The study suggests that a stronger research focus should be targeted towards rectifying stigma resulting from men's expression of vulnerable emotions by incorporating in depth interviews in order to create worthwhile public awareness initiatives. Such initiatives should seek to minimise societal pressures that are placed upon men to ensure conformity to dominant masculine ideologies and their socialised gendered role when experiencing and expressing vulnerable emotions such as grief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theaanna Kiaos
- The Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Lee C, Hall KH, Anakin M. Finding Themselves, Their Place, Their Way: Uncertainties Identified by Medical Students. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37435723 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2233003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Navigating uncertainty is a core skill when practicing medicine. Increasingly, the need to better prepare medical students for uncertainty has been recognized. Our current understanding of medical students' perspectives on uncertainty is primarily based on quantitative studies with limited qualitative research having been performed to date. We need to know from where and how sources of uncertainty can arise so that educators can better support medical students learning to respond to uncertainty. This research's aim was to describe the sources of uncertainty that medical students identify in their education. Approach: Informed by our previously published framework of clinical uncertainty, we designed and distributed a survey to second, fourth-, and sixth-year medical students at the University of Otago, Aotearoa New Zealand. Between February and May 2019, 716 medical students were invited to identify sources of uncertainty encountered in their education to date. We used reflexive thematic analysis to analyze responses. Findings: Four-hundred-sixty-five participants completed the survey (65% response rate). We identified three major sources of uncertainty: insecurities, role confusion, and navigating learning environments. Insecurities related to students' doubts about knowledge and capabilities, which were magnified by comparing themselves to peers. Role confusion impacted upon students' ability to learn, meet the expectations of others, and contribute to patient care. Navigating the educational, social, and cultural features of clinical and non-clinical learning environments resulted in uncertainty as students faced new environments, hierarchies, and identified challenges with speaking up. Insights: This study provides an in-depth understanding of the wide range of sources of medical students' uncertainties, encompassing how they see themselves, their roles, and their interactions with their learning environments. These results enhance our theoretical understanding of the complexity of uncertainty in medical education. Insights from this research can be applied by educators to better support students develop the skills to respond to a core element of medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Lee
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Helen Hall
- Department of General Practice and Rural Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan Anakin
- Education Unit, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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9
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Otero-Ketterer E, Peñacoba-Puente C, Ortega-Santiago R, Galán-Del-Río F, Valera-Calero JA. Consideration of Psychosocial Factors in Acute Low Back Pain by Physical Therapists. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113865. [PMID: 37298060 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical guidelines consistently recommend screening psychosocial (PS) factors in patients with low back pain (LBP), regardless of its mechanical nature, as recognized contributors to pain chronicity. However, the ability of physiotherapists (PTs) in identifying these factors remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the current identification of psychosocial risk factors by physical therapists (PTs) and which characteristics of PTs are associated with the identification of the main risk for chronicity (physical or psychosocial). A cross-sectional descriptive study surveying Spanish PTs in public and private health services was conducted, including questions on PT characteristics and three low back pain (LBP) patient vignettes with different biopsychosocial (BPS) clinical presentations. From 484 respondents, the majority of PTs agreed regarding the main risk for chronicity for each vignette (PS 95.7% for vignette A, PS and physical 83.5% for vignette B and PS 66% for vignette C). Female PTs were more likely to rate psychosocial compared with males (p < 0.05). PTs with higher levels of social and emotional intelligence (both, p < 0.05) were more likely to identify the main risk for chronicity. However, only gender and social information processing for vignette A (p = 0.024) and emotional clarity for vignette B (p = 0.006) were able to predict the identification of psychosocial and physical risk, respectively. The main risk for chronicity was correctly identified by a large majority of PTs through patient vignettes. Gender, social and emotional intelligence played a relevant role in the recognition of psychosocial risk and biopsychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Otero-Ketterer
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Physiotherapy Department, Mutua Universal Mugenat, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Ortega-Santiago
- Cátedra Institucional en Docencia, Clínica e Investigación en Fisioterapia: Terapia Manual, Punción Seca y Ejercicio Terapéutico, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Fernando Galán-Del-Río
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
- Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Grupo InPhysio, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kunow C, Langer B. Using the Simulated Patient Methodology in the Form of Mystery Calls in Community Pharmacy Practice Research: A Scoping Review Protocol. PHARMACY 2023; 11:pharmacy11020047. [PMID: 36961025 PMCID: PMC10037651 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Community pharmacies (CPs) play a major role in health care delivery. The simulated patient methodology (SPM), which is considered the "gold standard", is recommended for studying CP practice. SPM can be applied in different forms, which include visits and also calls ("mystery calls"). So far, only the role of visits in the investigation of CP practice is known. As the first study worldwide, a systematic map of such reports will be provided, which applies calls in the context of the SPM for the study of CP practice. Reports with the pharmacy staff as the population under study should be included. Reports should be included that conduct an investigation using the SPM in the form of calls to simulate patients and other customers. Reports should be included that examine CP practice as defined by the International Pharmaceutical Federation and the World Health Organization (FIP/WHO). The scoping review methodology will be applied using the associated guidelines from Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PRISMA extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR). The search will be for both published and unpublished original research in English with transparent information on SPM until the end of 2022. The plan is to search Embase, MEDLINE via PubMed, and Web of Science. Directly afterward, the respective literature collection of the reviewers and the reference lists of suitable international reviews will be searched. This will be followed by a forward and backward snowballing in Google Scholar. For the inclusion of reports, a selection process and for the data extraction a data charting process with the help of variables derived from related reviews and from two SPM-form spanning international guidelines will be performed. The data extracted from the included reports should be synthesized and presented in MS Excel tabular form using the previously determined variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kunow
- Department of Health, Nursing, Management, University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Straße 2, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Langer
- Department of Health, Nursing, Management, University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Brodaer Straße 2, 17033 Neubrandenburg, Germany
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11
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Mulchan SS, Miller M, Theriault CB, Zempsky WT, Hirsh A. A Systematic Approach to Developing Virtual Patient Vignettes for Pediatric Health Equity Research. Health Equity 2022; 6:862-872. [DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siddika S. Mulchan
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children's,Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Megan Miller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - William T. Zempsky
- Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam Hirsh
- School of Science, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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12
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Singh H, Tang T, Thombs R, Armas A, Nie JX, Nelson MLA, Gray CS. Methodological Insights From a Virtual, Team-Based Rapid Qualitative Method Applied to a Study of Providers' Perspectives of the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Hospital-To-Home Transitions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE METHODS 2022; 21:16094069221107144. [PMID: 35721871 PMCID: PMC9189180 DOI: 10.1177/16094069221107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, rapid virtual qualitative methods have gained attention in applied health research to produce timely, actionable results while complying with the pandemic restrictions. However, rigour and analytical depth may be two areas of concern for rapid qualitative methods. METHODS In this paper, we present an overview of a virtual team-based rapid qualitative method within a study that explored health care providers' perspectives of how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted hospital-to-home transitions, lessons learned in applying this method, and recommendations for changes. Using this method, qualitative data were collected and analyzed using the Zoom Healthcare videoconferencing platform and telephone. Visual summary maps were iteratively created from the audio recordings of each interview through virtual analytic meetings with the team. Maps representing similar settings (e.g. hospital providers and community providers) and Sites were combined to form meta-maps representing that group's experience. The combinations of data that best fit together were used to form the final meta-map through discussion. RESULTS This case example is used to provide a description of how to apply a virtual team-based rapid qualitative method. This paper also offers a discussion of the opportunities and challenges of applying this method, in particular how the virtual team-based rapid qualitative method could be modified to produce timely results virtually while attending to rigour and depth. CONCLUSIONS We contend that the virtual team-based rapid qualitative data collection and analysis method was useful for generating timely, rigorous, and in-depth knowledge about transitional care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommended modifications to this method may enhance its utility for researchers to apply to their qualitative research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh
- Department of Occupational Science
& Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute,
Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation
Institute, University Health
Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Terence Tang
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health
Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Thombs
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for
Research and Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Institute of
Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alana Armas
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for
Research and Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Institute of
Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason X Nie
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health
Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carolyn Steele Gray
- Bridgepoint Collaboratory for
Research and Innovation, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto Institute of
Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
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