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Prieto-Campo Á, Vázquez-Cancela O, Roque F, Herdeiro MT, Figueiras A, Zapata-Cachafeiro M. Unmasking vaccine hesitancy and refusal: a deep dive into Anti-vaxxer perspectives on COVID-19 in Spain. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1751. [PMID: 38951819 PMCID: PMC11218155 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the time of the emergence of COVID-19, denialist and anti-vaccine groups have also emerged and are shaking public confidence in vaccination. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted using online focus groups. Participants had not received any doses of vaccination against the disease. A total of five focus group sessions were conducted with 28 participants. They were recruited by snowball sampling and by convenience sampling. RESULTS The two major topics mentioned by the participants were adverse effects and information. The adverse effects described were severe and included sudden death. In the case of information, participants reported: (1) consultation of websites on which scientists posted anti-vaccination content; and (2) distrust. CONCLUSIONS At a time when anti-vaccine groups pose a major challenge to public health in general, and to COVID-19 vaccination campaigns in particular, this study is a first step towards gaining deeper insight into the factors that lead to COVID-19 vaccine refusal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Prieto-Campo
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Olalla Vázquez-Cancela
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Santiago de Compostela University Teaching Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Fátima Roque
- Research Unit for Inland Development (Unidade para o Desenvolvimento do Interior/UDI-IPG), Polytechnic of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde/CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- School of Health Sciences (Escola Superior de Saúde/ESS), Guarda Polytechnic Institute, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Herdeiro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública/CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela/IDIS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública/CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela/IDIS), A Coruña, Spain
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Kitilya B, Sanga E, PrayGod G, Kavishe BB, Ditlevsen K, Peck R, Olsen MF. Perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity among people living with HIV: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:360. [PMID: 36803443 PMCID: PMC9938982 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People living with HIV (PLWH) have low levels of physical activity. Using the social ecological model to understand perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity in this population is of importance for developing contextualised interventions to improve physical activity in PLWH. METHOD This was a qualitative sub-study conducted between august and November 2019 as part of a cohort study on diabetes and associated complications in HIV infected in Mwanza, Tanzania. Sixteen in-depth interviews and three focus groups with nine participants in each were conducted. The interviews and focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed and translated into English. The social ecological model was considered during the coding and interpretation of the results. Transcripts were discussed, coded and analyzed using deductive content analysis. RESULTS Forty-three PLWH aged 23-61 years participated in this study. The findings showed that most PLWH perceived physical activity as beneficial to their health. However, their perceptions of physical activity were rooted within existing gender stereotypes and roles in the community. Running and playing football were perceived as activities for men while household chores activities were for women. Further, men were perceived to do more physical activity than women. For women, household chores and income-generating activities were perceived as sufficient physical activity. Social support and engagement of family members and friends in physical activity were reported as facilitators of physical activity. Reported barriers of physical activity were lack of time, money, availability of physical activity facilities and social support groups, and poor information on physical activity from health care providers in HIV clinics. Human-immunodeficiency virus (HIV) HIV infection was not perceived by PLWH as a barrier for doing physical activity but most family members did not support them to do physical activity, fearing that it might worsen their condition. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrated differing perceptions, facilitators and barriers of physical activity among PLWH. Interventions addressing awareness, gender stereotypes and roles related to physical activity from individual to community level are needed. Supportive environment and infrastructures are needed to improve physical activity levels in PLWH in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kitilya
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Erica Sanga
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - George PrayGod
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Bazil Baltazar Kavishe
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Kia Ditlevsen
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Peck
- Mwanza Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O BOX 1462, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Mette Frahm Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices of Midwives Regarding Maternal Influenza and Pertussis Vaccination: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148391. [PMID: 35886242 PMCID: PMC9322479 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The coverage of maternal vaccination against pertussis and, particularly, influenza is lower than expected. The lack of recommendation from healthcare providers conditions non-vaccination in pregnant women. The purpose was to determine the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes and practices of midwives regarding maternal influenza and pertussis vaccination. A qualitative descriptive study based on semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with seventeen midwives was conducted, including purposive sampling and thematic analyses. Midwives had disparate knowledge and perceptions about the severity of influenza and pertussis in pregnant women, and influenza was not considered very serious. The vaccines were generally considered safe. However, because midwives did not have enough information about the safety of the influenza vaccine, there was a tendency not to recommend it. While most midwives had a positive attitude toward vaccination, their advocation for vaccination against influenza was not as clear as it was for pertussis. Not wanting to influence the decision and assuming an informative–facilitating role also led providers to recommend the influenza vaccine less frequently. Midwives are among the main sources of professional advice for pregnant women. Addressing their understanding and professional practices regarding maternal vaccination is key to change the attitude of pregnant women and thus increase vaccine uptake among them, particularly for influenza.
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Hertling S, Hertling D, Matziolis G, Schleußner E, Loos F, Graul I. Digital teaching tools in sports medicine: A randomized control trial comparing the effectiveness of virtual seminar and virtual fishbowl teaching method in medical students. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267144. [PMID: 35709198 PMCID: PMC9202876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for online courses has increased enormously. Therefore, finding new methods to improve medical education is imperative.
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the self-reports of the individual student-centered virtual teaching techniques (seminar versus fishbowl) in a group of medical students.
Methods
During the second semester of 2020, students in the clinical phase of the study (n = 144) participated in the optional subject of Sports Medicine. The students were divided into 2 groups. One group (n = 72) received the knowledge transfer in the form of a virtual seminar, the other group (n = 72) in the form of a virtual fishbowl.
Results
Virtual seminar and virtual fishbowl students gave insights into these teaching techniques. Most of the students from the virtual fishbowl group believed that the virtual fishbowl format allowed them to be more actively involved in learning. The mean quiz scores were statistically higher for students in the virtual fishbowl group than students in the virtual seminar group (p < 0. 001).
Conclusion
This study concluded that virtual seminars and virtual fishbowl formats could be served as structured learning and teaching formats. At the same time, the virtual fishbowl format can promote an active exchange of knowledge from students’ perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hertling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
- Orthopaedic Department, Campus Eisenberg, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Eisenberg, Germany
- Fakultät für Gesundheit (Department für Humanmedizin), Lehrstuhl für Medizintheorie, Integrative und Anthroposophische Medizin, Witten/Herdecke, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Doreen Hertling
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Rummelsberg, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| | - Georg Matziolis
- Orthopaedic Department, Campus Eisenberg, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Eisenberg, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Loos
- Practice for Orthopaedics and Shoulder Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Graul
- Orthopaedic Department, Campus Eisenberg, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Eisenberg, Germany
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department für Orthopädie, Unfall - Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle, Germany
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Both TDSP, de Souza LA, Teston EF, Júnior ARF, Ajalla MEA, Batiston AP. Right to health, autonomy, and access to prenatal services. Nurs Ethics 2021; 28:1306-1318. [PMID: 33827337 DOI: 10.1177/0969733021996047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of the right to health includes decent conditions of work, housing, and leisure. It can be assessed through the evaluation of access to health services and programs. The creation of the Brazilian Unified Health System expanded access to healthcare for the entire Brazilian population. AIM This study aimed to understand the use of the Brazilian Unified Health System by pregnant women who live on the Brazil-Paraguay border, whose residents are known as Braziguayans. METHODS We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews with users of prenatal services at Unified Health System units located at the border of the municipalities of Ponta Porã and Pedro Juan Caballero. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS The Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul approved of this research. All participants were provided with project information and signed an informed consent form. FINDINGS Through content analysis of the interviews, "right to health" and "autonomy, pathways, and access" were two recurrent themes that have arisen. These suggested that Braziguayan women live in conditions of social vulnerability. They do not fully experience the right to healthcare, despite sufficient knowledge about the Brazilian and Paraguayan healthcare systems from which to choose prenatal care. The interviewees acknowledged that Unified Health System use is a right of Brazilian citizens and considered its units to be safe environments. These women also understand the structuring of Unified Health System and the mechanisms of accessing healthcare programs. CONCLUSION We can conclude that, despite widely known difficulties, Unified Health System represents, for Braziguayan women, potential access to reliable health services for adequate prenatal and childbirth assistance.
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Scientific quality of COVID-19 and SARS CoV-2 publications in the highest impact medical journals during the early phase of the pandemic: A case control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241826. [PMID: 33152034 PMCID: PMC7643945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A debate about the scientific quality of COVID-19 themed research has emerged. We explored whether the quality of evidence of COVID-19 publications is lower when compared to nonCOVID-19 publications in the three highest ranked scientific medical journals. METHODS We searched the PubMed Database from March 12 to April 12, 2020 and identified 559 publications in the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, and The Lancet which were divided into COVID-19 (cases, n = 204) and nonCOVID-19 (controls, n = 355) associated content. After exclusion of secondary, unauthored, response letters and non-matching article types, 155 COVID-19 publications (including 13 original articles) and 130 nonCOVID-19 publications (including 52 original articles) were included in the comparative analysis. The hierarchical level of evidence was determined for each publication included and compared between cases and controls as the main outcome. A quantitative scoring of quality was carried out for the subgroup of original articles. The numbers of authors and citation rates were also compared between groups. RESULTS The 130 nonCOVID-19 publications were associated with higher levels of evidence on the level of evidence pyramid, with a strong association measure (Cramer's V: 0.452, P <0.001). The 155 COVID-19 publications were 186-fold more likely to be of lower evidence (95% confidence interval [CI] for odds ratio, 7.0-47; P <0.001). The quantitative quality score (maximum possible score, 28) was significantly different in favor of nonCOVID-19 (mean difference, 11.1; 95% CI, 8.5-13.7; P <0.001). There was a significant difference in the early citation rate of the original articles that favored the COVID-19 original articles (median [interquartile range], 45 [30-244] vs. 2 [1-4] citations; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the quality of COVID-19 publications in the three highest ranked scientific medical journals is below the quality average of these journals. These findings need to be verified at a later stage of the pandemic.
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Joshi SC, Diwan V, Joshi R, Sharma M, Pathak A, Shah H, Tamhankar AJ, Stålsby Lundborg C. "How Can the Patients Remain Safe, If We Are Not Safe and Protected from the Infections"? A Qualitative Exploration among Health-Care Workers about Challenges of Maintaining Hospital Cleanliness in a Resource Limited Tertiary Setting in Rural India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15091942. [PMID: 30200603 PMCID: PMC6163563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Health care-associated infections (HAIs) result in treatment delays as well as failures and financial losses not only to patients but also to the treating hospital and overall health-care delivery system. Due to hospital-acquired infections, there are problems of increase in morbidity and mortality, additional diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and ultimately antimicrobial resistance. Proper understanding among health-care workers about the ill effects of HAIs is very important to address this issue. The present study is a qualitative exploration aimed at understanding various aspects of hospital environmental hygiene and Infection prevention control program, by exploring the staff perception regarding the challenges, facilitators and barriers as well as feasible measures towards improvement in a rural tertiary teaching hospital in central India. Method: A qualitative study was conducted using 10 focus group discussions (FGDs) among five different professional groups, which included hospital administrators, doctors, nurses, environmental cleaning staff, and undergraduate medical students. The FGD guide included the following topics: (1) opinion about the status of cleanliness, (2) concepts and actual practices prevailing of hospital environmental hygiene, (3) Barriers, constraints, and problems in maintaining hospital environmental hygiene, (4) Suggestions for improvements. The data were analyzed manually using the content (thematic) analysis method. Results: Two themes were identified: Theme 1: “Prevailing practices and problems related to hospital surface/object contamination and hospital infection control”. Theme 2: “Measures suggested for improving hospital cleanliness within the existing constraints”. The participants emphasized the influence of resource constraints and needed inputs. They brought up the consequent prevailing practices and problems related, on one hand, to various stakeholders (service consumers, hospital personnel including the management), on the other, to specific infection prevention and control processes. They also suggested various measures for improvement. Conclusions: The study has revealed prevailing practices, problems, and suggested measures related to hospital environmental hygiene, particularly hospital cleanliness and HAI prevention and control processes. These insights and assertions are important for developing future behavioral and structural interventions in resource-limited settings. This study recommends a nationwide reliable HAI surveillance system and a robust infection prevention and control program in each health-care institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Chandra Joshi
- Department of Community Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Department of Public Health and Environment, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
- International Centre for Health Research, Ujjain Charitable Trust Hospital and Research Centre, Ujjain 456001, India.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rita Joshi
- Department of Microbiology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Megha Sharma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pharmacology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Ashish Pathak
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pediatrics, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
- Department of Women and Children's Health, International Maternal and Child Health Unit, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Harshada Shah
- Department of Microbiology, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Ashok J Tamhankar
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Indian Initiative for Management of Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Environmental Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain 456006, India.
| | - Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Global Health, Health Systems and Policy (HSP): Medicines Focusing Antibiotics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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