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Pang C, Chen ZD, Wei B, Xu WT, Xi HQ. Military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases: Common types, prevention and treatment. Chin J Traumatol 2022; 25:187-192. [PMID: 35331607 PMCID: PMC9252930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Military training is intense, difficult and often dangerous, so all kinds of injuries or diseases frequently occur during training. Most of the previous studies and reviews on military training-related injuries focused on musculoskeletal system, whereas there are no reviews of abdominal injuries and diseases. Although the incidence of military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases is relatively low, the patients' condition is often critical especially in the presence of abdominal organ injury, leading to multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and even death. This paper elaborates on common types of military training-related abdominal injuries and diseases as well as the prevention and treatment measures, which provides some basis for scientific and reasonable training and improvement of medical security.
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Mehanna MM, Mneimneh AT, Domiati S, Allam AN. Tadalafil-Loaded Limonene-Based Orodispersible Tablets: Formulation, in vitro Characterization and in vivo Appraisal of Gastroprotective Activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10099-10112. [PMID: 33363369 PMCID: PMC7754088 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s288552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric ulcer is a prevalent disease with various etiologies, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and alcohol consumption. This study aimed to explore the dual gastric protection effect of tadalafil and limonene as a self-nanoemulsifying system (SNES)-based orodispersible tablets. Methods Tadalafil-loaded limonene-based SNES was prepared, and the optimum formula was characterized in terms of particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP) then loaded on various porous carriers to formulate lyophilized orodispersible tablets (ODTs). The ODTs were evaluated via determining hardness, friability, content uniformity, wetting, and disintegration time. The selected ODT was examined for its gastric ulcer protective effect against alcohol-induced ulcers in rat model. Ulcer score and ulcer index were computed for rats stomachs that were inspected macroscopically and histopathologically. Results The prepared SNES had droplet size of 104 nm, polydispersity index of 0.2, and zeta potential of −15.4 mV. From the different ODTs formulated, the formula with superior wetting time: 23.67 s, outstanding disintegration time: 28 s, accepted hardness value: 3.11 kg/cm2 and friability: 0.6% was designated. A significant gastroprotective effect of the unloaded and tadalafil-loaded ODTs was recognized compared to the omeprazole pre-treated group. Moreover, the histopathological analysis displayed very mild inflammation in the limonene-based ODTs group and intact structure in the tadalafil-loaded pre-treated animals. Conclusion Limonene gastroprotective effect functioned along with tadalafil in the form of SNES-incorporated ODTs could serve as a promising revenue for better efficacy in gastric ulcer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mehanna
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amina Tarek Mneimneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souraya Domiati
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed N Allam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Arabacı Tamer S, Üçem S, Büke B, Güner M, Karaküçük AG, Yiğit N, Şirvancı S, Çevik Ö, Ercan F, Yeğen BÇ. Regular moderate exercise alleviates gastric oxidative damage in rats via the contribution of oxytocin receptors. J Physiol 2020; 598:2355-2370. [PMID: 32266969 DOI: 10.1113/jp279577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A moderate level of exercise has beneficial effects for the prevention of gastric ulcers. Although regular aerobic exercise was shown to elevate serum oxytocin levels and exogenously administered oxytocin exerts an anti-ulcer activity, the role of endogenous oxytocin in the gastroprotective effects of exercise has not yet been elucidated. We showed that increased anxiety and oxidative gastric damage induced by gastric ulcers were reversed in pre-exercised rats, while reduced hypothalamic oxytocin expression and decreased myenteric oxytocin receptor expression due to gastric ulcers were abolished by exercise. We also reported that the blockade of oxytocin receptors exaggerated gastric damage in exercised rats with ulcers. Our data establish that endogenous oxytocin is the key mediator in the beneficial effects of regular physical activity in alleviating gastric injury. ABSTRACT Exercise increases serum oxytocin levels and exogenous oxytocin exerts an anti-ulcer activity; but the role of oxytocin in the protective effects of exercise against gastric ulcers has not yet been evaluated. This study was designed to investigate the impact of regular swimming exercise on oxidative gastric injury, and the role of oxytocin receptor activity in the anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory actions of exercise. Adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes performed swimming exercise (30 min/day, 5 days) or stayed sedentary. At the end of the 6-week exercise/sedentary protocol, rats were injected intraperitoneally with atosiban (0.1 mg/kg/day) or saline for 4 days. On the 5th day, under anaesthesia, acetic acid (ulcer) or saline (sham) was applied onto the gastric serosa and the treatments were continued. On the 9th day, anxiety levels were determined; gastric blood flow was measured, and blood, gastric and brain tissues were obtained. Induction of ulcers in sedentary rats increased anxiety and serum corticosterone levels; but reduced gastric blood flow and resulted in apoptosis and oxidative gastric damage with increased cytokine expressions. However, when ulcers were induced in pre-exercised rats, behavioural and biochemical alterations due to gastric damage were reversed. The inhibition of oxytocin receptors by atosiban exaggerated pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions and gastric lipid peroxidation in the stomachs of exercised rats with ulcers. When rats had regularly exercised prior to ulcer induction, reductions in the immunolabelling of hypothalamic oxytocin and myenteric oxytocin receptors were abolished, suggesting that exercise-induced alleviation of gastric injury may involve the reversal of down-regulated oxytocinergic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Arabacı Tamer
- Departments of Physiology and Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Üçem
- Departments of Physiology and Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berk Büke
- Departments of Physiology and Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Güner
- Departments of Physiology and Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Giray Karaküçük
- Departments of Physiology and Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Niyazi Yiğit
- Departments of Physiology and Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Şirvancı
- Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Departments of Physiology and Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Fang B, Yang S, Liu H, Zhang Y, Xu R, Chen G. Association between depression and subsequent peptic ulcer occurrence among older people living alone: A prospective study investigating the role of change in social engagement. J Psychosom Res 2019; 122:94-103. [PMID: 30975521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether baseline depression predicts subsequent peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in older people living alone and whether social engagement plays a role in such an association. METHODS Between May 2010 and May 2015, 2, 850 older people living alone were recruited from eight Grade-A hospitals in the People's Republic of China and followed for up to 36 months. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to investigate how the incidence of PUD varied with depression and social engagement status. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were estimated to examine the association between depression and incidence of PUD and assess the role of social engagement in this relationship. RESULTS Kaplan-Meier curves indicated that the 36-month cumulative incidence of PUD was higher in depressed (10.1%) than non-depressed participants (5.3%). However, among the depressed participants, increased or continued social engagement reduced the incidence to 6.2% and 7.9%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that baseline depression was associated with subsequent PUD development (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.520, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.525-3.356). The incidence of PUD was similar in non-depressed and depressed participants who reported increased (HR = 1.956, 95% CI: 0.913-3.374) or continued social engagement (HR = 1.827, 95% CI: 0.918-3.690) during the follow-up period. However, depressed participants who reported decreased (HR = 2.485, 95% CI: 1.459-3.295) or no social engagement (HR = 2.896, 95% CI: 1.817-4.228) were more likely to develop PUD than those without depression. CONCLUSIONS Baseline depression was associated with subsequent incidence of PUD, but this association appears to be reduced by increased or continued social engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boye Fang
- Applied Social Sciencee Department, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Shuyan Yang
- Department of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruirui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shantou University Medical College, PR China
| | - Gengzhen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shantou University Medical College, PR China.
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Fang B, Yang S, Xu R, Chen G. Association between Poor Sleep Quality and Subsequent Peptic Ulcer Recurrence in Older Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Examining the Role of Social Engagement. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2188. [PMID: 30778129 PMCID: PMC6379369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to examine whether perceived poor sleep quality predicts subsequent recurrence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) in older patients with mild cognitive impairment following Helicobacter pylori eradication and to investigate whether social engagement status alters this association. Of 1,689 older patients with H. pylori-infected PUD recruited from eight Grade-A hospitals in the People's Republic of China between 2011 and 2014, H. pylori was eradicated and PUD cleared in 1,538 patients by the end of 2014; 1,420 of these were followed for up to 36 months. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the proportion of PUD recurrence, as confirmed with esophagogastroduodenoscopy, among older patients with different levels of sleep quality and social engagement statuses. Multivariate Cox-proportional hazards models were performed to examine the association between sleep quality and PUD recurrence, and the role of social engagement in altering this relationship. The results showed that PUD recurrence was more prevalent in poor (10.8%) compared with good sleepers (5.5%). However, increased and continued social engagement reduced the proportion to 7.2% and 8.2% among poor sleepers, respectively. Poor sleep quality was associated with subsequent PUD recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.965 (1.002, 3.518)). However, no significant difference was observed between good and poor sleepers who reported increased (HR 1.428 (0.736, 2.380)) and continued (HR 1.273 (0.915, 2.492)) social engagement, suggesting that increased and continued social engagement prevented the effect of poor sleep quality on PUD recurrence. To conclude, poor sleep quality is associated with subsequent PUD recurrence. However, increased and continued social engagement may moderate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boye Fang
- University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shuyan Yang
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ruirui Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Banse HE, MacLeod H, Crosby C, Windeyer MC. Prevalence of and risk factors for equine glandular and squamous gastric disease in polo horses. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2018; 59:880-884. [PMID: 30104780 PMCID: PMC6049336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence rates and risk factors for equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) and equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) in a population of 63 polo horses in competition. The prevalence of EGGD grade ≥ 1 was 69% and EGGD ≥ 2 was 31%. The prevalence of ESGD grade ≥ 1 was 54% and grade ≥ 2 was 37%. The risk factors retained in the final multivariable models were years of experience in polo competition for EGGD grade ≥ 1 and for grade ≥ 2, with decreased experience being associated with EGGD and weekly exercise duration and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use being associated with ESGD grade ≥ 1. Decreasing weekly exercise duration was the only risk factor associated with ESGD grade ≥ 2. Equine gastric disease was common in this population of polo horses and the amount of experience and weekly exercise duration were related to the risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi E Banse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA (Banse); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z1 (MacLeod, Windeyer); TD Equine Veterinary Group, Calgary, Alberta T2Y 2Z7 (Crosby)
| | - Heath MacLeod
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA (Banse); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z1 (MacLeod, Windeyer); TD Equine Veterinary Group, Calgary, Alberta T2Y 2Z7 (Crosby)
| | - Candice Crosby
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA (Banse); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z1 (MacLeod, Windeyer); TD Equine Veterinary Group, Calgary, Alberta T2Y 2Z7 (Crosby)
| | - M Claire Windeyer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA (Banse); Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z1 (MacLeod, Windeyer); TD Equine Veterinary Group, Calgary, Alberta T2Y 2Z7 (Crosby)
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Eichenseher J. Peptic Ulcer Disease. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Levenstein S, Jacobsen RK, Rosenstock S, Jørgensen T. Mental vulnerability, Helicobacter pylori, and incidence of hospital-diagnosed peptic ulcer over 28 years in a population-based cohort. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:954-961. [PMID: 28503971 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1324897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether mental vulnerability, an enduring personality characteristic, predicts incident hospital-diagnosed ulcer over three decades. MATERIALS AND METHODS A population-based cohort study enrolled 3365 subjects with no ulcer history, ages 30-60, in 1982-3. Mental vulnerability, Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies, socioeconomic status, and sleep duration were determined at baseline; non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug use, smoking, leisure time physical activity, and alcohol consumption both at baseline and in 1993-4. Hospital diagnoses of incident ulcer through 2011 were detected using the Danish National Patient Registry. RESULTS Ulcers were diagnosed in 166 subjects, including 83 complicated by bleeding or perforation. Age-, gender-, and socioeconomic status-adjusted associations were significant for mental vulnerability (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.0, 95% Confidence Interval 1.4-2.8), Helicobacter pylori (HR 1.7, CI 1.2-2.3), smoking (HR 2.0, CI 1.3-3.1), heavy drinking (HR 1.6, CI 1.1-2.4), abstinence (HR 1.6, CI 1.1-2.5), non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (HR 2.1, CI 1.5-3.0), and sedentary lifestyle (HR 1.9, CI 1.4-2.7). Adjusted for all behavioral mediators, the HR for mental vulnerability was 1.5 (CI 1.0-2.2, p = .04). Mental vulnerability raised risk in Helicobacter pylori seropositive subjects and those exposed to neither Helicobacter pylori nor non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs; its impact was virtually unchanged when analysis was limited to complicated ulcers. CONCLUSIONS A vulnerable personality raises risk for hospital-diagnosed peptic ulcer, in part because of an association with health risk behaviors. Its impact is seen in 'idiopathic' and Helicobacter pylori-associated ulcers, and in acute surgical cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Levenstein
- a Aventino Medical Group , Rome , Italy.,b Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
| | - Rikke Kart Jacobsen
- b Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark
| | - Steffen Rosenstock
- c Gastroenterology Department , Surgical Section, Hvidovre University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- b Research Centre for Prevention and Health, The Capital Region of Denmark , Glostrup , Denmark.,d Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.,e Faculty of Medicine , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
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Kim J, Kim KH, Lee BJ. Association of peptic ulcer disease with obesity, nutritional components, and blood parameters in the Korean population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183777. [PMID: 28837684 PMCID: PMC5570349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disorder, but whether an association exists between PUD and anthropometric indicators remains controversial. Furthermore, no studies on the association of PUD with anthropometric indices, blood parameters, and nutritional components have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess associations of anthropometrics, blood parameters, nutritional components, and lifestyle factors with PUD in the Korean population. Methods Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of the South Korean population using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of anthropometrics, blood parameters and nutritional components among patients with PUD. Results Age was the factor most strongly associated with PUD in women (p = <0.0001, odds ratio (OR) = 0.770 [0.683–0.869]) and men (p = <0.0001, OR = 0.715 [0.616–0.831]). In both crude and adjusted analyses, PUD was highly associated with weight (adjusted p = 0.0008, adjusted OR = 1.251 [95%CI: 1.098–1.426]), hip circumference (adjusted p = 0.005, adjusted OR = 1.198 [1.056–1.360]), and body mass index (adjusted p = 0.0001, adjusted OR = 1.303 [1.139–1.490]) in women and hip circumference (adjusted p = 0.0199, adjusted OR = 1.217 [1.031–1.435]) in men. PUD was significantly associated with intake of fiber (adjusted p = 0.0386, adjusted OR = 1.157 [1.008–1.328], vitamin B2 (adjusted p = 0.0477, adjusted OR = 1.155 [1.001–1.333]), sodium (adjusted p = 0.0154, adjusted OR = 1.191 [1.034–1.372]), calcium (adjusted p = 0.0079, adjusted OR = 1.243 [1.059–1.459]), and ash (adjusted p = 0.0468, adjusted OR = 1.152 [1.002–1.325] in women but not in men. None of the assessed blood parameters were associated with PUD in women, and only triglyceride level was associated with PUD in men (adjusted p = 0.0169, adjusted OR = 1.227 [1.037–1.451]). Discussion We found that obesity was associated with PUD in the Korean population; additionally, the association between nutritional components and PUD was greater in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Ho Kim
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Ju Lee
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Cancers of the Esophagus and Stomach: Potential Mechanisms Behind the Beneficial Influence of Physical Activity. Clin J Sport Med 2017; 27:415-421. [PMID: 27428674 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare findings from several recent meta-analyses showing a reduced risk of gastric and esophageal cancers in physically active individuals, to assess the magnitude of this benefit, and to seek information on potential underlying mechanisms. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search of Ovid/Medline from 1996 to February 2016, using the terms physical activity or exercise or training and esophageal or gastric cancer, and supplementing the articles identified by material from references lists and personal files. MAIN RESULTS Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with a 20% to 30% reduction in the risk of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, with a significant dose/response relationship. Benefit is greater in women than in men, and greater for noncardia than for cardia or esophageal tumors. Mechanisms could include a reduction of visceral fat (with a lesser production of cancer promoting hormones and reduced gastroesophageal reflux) and/or a lesser likelihood of smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. Physical activity does not protect against Helicobacter pylori infections or gastric ulceration, but mechanisms related to the impact of exercise on immune function, antioxidant mechanisms, and gastroesophageal reflux remain to be explored. CONCLUSIONS Regular, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with a clinically significant reduction in the risk of gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, but mechanisms are as yet unclear, and a causal relationship remains to be proven.
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Boylan MR, Khalili H, Huang ES, Chan AT. Measures of adiposity are associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12:1688-94. [PMID: 24681076 PMCID: PMC4171187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Obesity is associated with systemic inflammation, alterations in the intestinal microbiome, and decreased epithelial integrity. The association between obesity and peptic ulcer has not been investigated thoroughly. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 47,120 men enrolled in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (mean age at baseline, 54 y). Biennially, we updated information on body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin. Self-reported waist and hip measurements were validated among a subsample of participants. Self-reported cases of gastric and duodenal ulcers were confirmed by medical record review. Helicobacter pylori status was determined from endoscopic biopsy specimens, serum antibody measurements, and/or stool antigen assays documented in the medical record. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We documented 272 gastric and 320 duodenal ulcers over 24 years of follow-up evaluation. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for gastric ulcer was 1.83 (95% CI, 1.20-2.78; P(trend) < .01) for obese men (BMI, ≥30.0 kg/m(2)), compared with men with BMIs of 23.0 to 24.9 kg/m(2), and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.06-3.33; P(trend) = .04) for men with waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) of 1.00 or higher, compared with men with a WHR of 0.85 to 0.89. The risk of duodenal ulcer was not associated with BMI (P(trend) = .24) or WHR (P(trend) = .68). In secondary analyses, increased BMI and WHR each were associated with increased risk of H pylori-negative, but not H pylori-positive, ulcers. The effect of BMI on ulcer risk did not change with use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alcohol consumption, physical activity, or smoking. CONCLUSIONS In a large prospective cohort of male health professionals, central and total obesity were associated with increased risk of peptic ulcer-particularly gastric and H pylori-negative ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Boylan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Hamed Khalili
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward S Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Gastroenterology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Mountain View, California
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Keshavarzi Z, Rezapour TM, Vatanchian M, Zare Hesari M, Nabizade Haghighi H, Izanlu M, Sabaghian M, Shahveisi K. The effects of aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaves on the gastric acid secretion and brain and intestinal water content following acetic acid- induced gastric ulcer in male rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2014; 4:137-43. [PMID: 25050311 PMCID: PMC4103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut-brain axis (GBA) is very important in creation and modulation of gastrointestinal problems. Aloe vera gel has gastroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaves on the gastric acid secretion and brain and intestinal water content following acetic acid gastric ulcer induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric ulcer was induced by injection of 20% acetic acid into the subserosal layer in male rats. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups: intact group, gastric ulcer group and Aloe vera group (treatment with Aloe vera following gastric ulcer induction). The acid levels and brain and intestinal water content of each sample were measured eight days after the gastric ulcer induction. RESULTS Gastric acid levels were significantly decreased in Aloe vera group when compared with gastric ulcer group (p<0.05). However, there were no differences in acid output between gastric ulcer and Aloe vera groups with intact group. After Aloe vera administration, the amount of brain water content had no difference with intact and gastric ulcer groups (p<0.05). The duodenal water content in Aloe vera group was significantly reduced compared with intact group (p<0.05) but gastric ulcer group had no significant difference with intact and Aloe vera group. CONCLUSIONS The administration of Aloe vera has an inhibitory effect on the gastric acid output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakieh Keshavarzi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bojnurd University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I. R. Iran
| | - Taha Mohammad Rezapour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I. R. Iran
| | - Mehran Vatanchian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Bojnurd University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I. R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Zare Hesari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I. R. Iran
| | - Hadi Nabizade Haghighi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I. R. Iran
| | - Mostafa Izanlu
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I. R. Iran
| | - Maryam Sabaghian
- Department of Physiology, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, I. R. Iran
| | - Kaveh Shahveisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I. R. Iran,Corresponding Author: Tel: +985118002221, Fax: +985118828564,
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Ferra A, Bibiloni MDM, Zapata ME, Pich J, Pons A, Tur JA. Body mass index, life-style, and healthy status in free living elderly people in Menorca Island. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:298-305. [PMID: 22499446 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the BMI, life-style, and healthy status, and explore relationships between these parameters, among Menorca's free living elderly people. METHODS A cross-sectional survey carried out in Menorca Island in 2009. A random sample (n=450) of the elderly population (≥65 years) was interviewed. Anthropometric measurements and a general questionnaire incorporating questions related to socio-demographic and life-style factors and health status were used. RESULTS Approximately five per cent of elders were underweight and 60% overweight or obese. Underweight were positively and overweight and obesity negatively affected by age. The prevalence of central obesity, according to the WC cut-off points, was 66.8% in men and 85.1% in women. Low education, socioeconomic status and physical activity were risk factors for malnutrition and overweight/obesity. A possible cognitive impairment was found among elderly persons with BMI<22 kg/m2. A J-shaped association between BMI and hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart failure and other CV diseases, a U-shaped relation between BMI and diabetes mellitus, arthritis, and chronic bronchitis, and an inverted J-shape between BMI and gastric ulcer, osteoporosis and bone fractures, cancer, and prostatitis (in men) were found. CONCLUSIONS Both low and high BMI are associated with a wide range of prevalent conditions and diseases in Menorca elderly men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ferra
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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15
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Eichenseher J. Peptic Ulcer Disease. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-1793-8.00042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chu KM, Kwok KF, Law S, Wong KH. Patients with Helicobacter pylori positive and negative duodenal ulcers have distinct clinical characteristics. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:3518-22. [PMID: 15962366 PMCID: PMC4315952 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i23.3518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the clinical characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) negative duodenal ulcer.
METHODS: Patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal ulcer between 1996 and 2002 were included in the present study. Patients were considered to be negative for H pylori, if both histological examination and rapid urease test of biopsy specimens were negative. A comparison was made between patients with H pylori positive and negative duodenal ulcers.
RESULTS: A total of 1 343 patients were studied. Their mean age was 54.7±0.5 years. There was a male preponderance (M:F = 2.5:1). Three hundred and ninety-eight patients (29.6%) did not have H pylori infection. The annual proportion of patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcers increased progressively from 1996 to 2002. On multivariate analysis, patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcer were more likely to be older, have concomitant medical problem, pre-existing malignancy, recent surgery, underlying sepsis, or taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In terms of clinical presentations, patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcer were more likely to present with bleeding, multiple ulcers and larger ulcers.
CONCLUSION: The proportion of patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcers is on the rise because of a continued drop in incidence of H pylori positive duodenal ulcers in recent years. Such patients have distinct clinical characteristics and it is important to ascertain the H pylori status before starting eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent-Man Chu
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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Ryan-Harshman M, Aldoori W. How diet and lifestyle affect duodenal ulcers. Review of the evidence. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2004; 50:727-32. [PMID: 15171675 PMCID: PMC2214597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the role of diet in reducing or aggravating risk of duodenal ulcer (DU). QUALITY OF EVIDENCE MEDLINE was searched from January 1966 to December 2001 for articles on the relationship between diet and lifestyle and DU using the key words duodenal ulcer and diet, fibre, or lifestyle. Evidence that these factors are associated with DU arose mainly from three case-control and three prospective studies (level II evidence) and from expert opinion (level III evidence). MAIN MESSAGE A high-fibre diet appears to reduce risk of DU; soluble fibre might be associated with reduced risk also. Vitamin A intake is associated with lower risk of DU. Little evidence indicates that fat, type of fat, protein intake, or consumption of alcohol or caffeine affect the etiology of DU. CONCLUSION A high-fibre diet, particularly if the fibre comes from fruit and vegetables, could reduce risk of DU; vitamin A might also be beneficial.
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Bi L, Triadafilopoulos G. Exercise and gastrointestinal function and disease: an evidence-based review of risks and benefits. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 1:345-55. [PMID: 15017652 DOI: 10.1053/s1542-3565(03)00178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Exercise is beneficial to health because it reduces the risk of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, improves bone and muscle conditioning, and lessens anxiety and depression. However, the impact of exercise on the gastrointestinal system has been conflicting. This systematic literature review evaluates the effect of the different modes and intensity levels of exercise on gastrointestinal function and disease using an evidence-based approach. Although more applicable to trained athletes and individuals who are highly active and, as such, at risk to experience the side-effects of exercise, an effort was made to state the level or degree of exercise or the lack of such evidence. RESULTS Light and moderate exercise is well tolerated and can benefit patients with inflammatory bowel disease and liver disease. Physical activity can also improve gastric emptying and lower the relative risk of colon cancer in most populations. Severe, exhaustive exercise, however, inhibits gastric emptying, interferes with gastrointestinal absorption, and causes many gastrointestinal symptoms, most notably gastrointestinal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS This knowledge will enable physicians to prescribe physical exercise in health and disease and to better manage patients with exercise-related gastrointestinal disorders. Our understanding of exercise and its gastrointestinal manifestations as well as risks and benefits warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) often have an unhealthy lifestyle that results in increased mortality because of smoking-related diseases. No thorough study has been done to see what changes, if any, the patient makes to lifestyle after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. METHODS One-hundred-and-eighty-three patients were enrolled in an open-endoscopy setting; 58% had PUD and 42% gastritis and/or duodenitis (G/D). They filled out a lifestyle questionnaire before the start of anti-Helicobacter therapy and again 1 year later. RESULTS The prevalence of food intolerance decreased from 71% to 44% among patients with PUD (P < 0.0001) and from 76% to 63% among patients with G/D (P = 0.09). Tolerance improved for coffee, orange juice, fried foods, spicy foods and fruits. There was no significant change in smoking or alcohol consumption after eradication. Coffee and tea consumption was unchanged. Milk consumption decreased from 4.2 dL/day to 3.3 (P = 0.01). The number of meals decreased from 3.5/day to 3.4 (P = 0.005) and snacking from 1.3 snacks/day to 1.1 (P = 0.02). Consumption of fruit increased from 4.0 to 4.3 times/week (P = 0.04), but the frequency of meat, fish, vegetables, spicy foods, salty foods, sweets and cakes did not change. The time spent on each meal was unchanged. There was no change in the time spent exercising. There were few significant differences between PUD and G/D patients. CONCLUSIONS Food was better tolerated, but there were no major changes in lifestyle after eradication of H. pylori. Patients therefore do not abuse the privilege of a more tolerant digestion by indulging in a more unhealthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Olafsson
- Institute of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Rosenstock S, Jørgensen T, Bonnevie O, Andersen L. Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease: a population based prospective cohort study comprising 2416 Danish adults. Gut 2003; 52:186-93. [PMID: 12524398 PMCID: PMC1774958 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.2.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No population based prospective cohort study has previously assessed the impact of multiple risk factors, including Helicobacter pylori infection, on the incidence of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). AIMS To identify risk factors for PUD and estimate their relative impact on ulcer incidence. SUBJECTS Random sample of 2416 Danish adults with no history of PU. METHODS Sample members were interviewed in 1982 and 1994. PUs diagnosed within the observation period were verified through medical records. Information on psychosocial factors, lifestyle practices, and medication was obtained from a questionnaire completed at study entry. H pylori infection status was determined by ELISA. RESULTS The main risk factors for PUD were H pylori infection (odds ratio 4.3 (95% confidence interval 2.2; 8.3)), tobacco smoking (3.8 (1.7; 9.8)), and use of minor tranquillisers (3.0 (1.4; 6.6)). Intake of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs did not affect the incidence of PUD (0.4 (0.1; 2.3)). In those with increased antibodies to H pylori, tobacco smoking (12.7 (2.8; 56.8)) and intake of spirits (2.4 (1.1; 5.4)) increased the risk of PUD whereas moderate leisure time physical activity (0.3 (0.2; 0.7)) protected against PUD. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco smoking and H pylori infection are the main risk factors for PUD in Danish adults. Physical activity may protect against PUD in those infected with H pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rosenstock
- Copenhagen County Centre for Preventive Medicine, Glostrup University Hospital, Building 8.7. Nordre Ringvej, DK 2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
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Rubio CA, Sveander M, Befrits R. Re-adaptation of the gastroduodenal mucosa to DNA synthesis during protracted stress. Eur J Clin Invest 2001; 31:1054-9. [PMID: 11903491 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous study showed that under the influence of protracted physical stress, the DNA synthesis (DS) of the gastroduodenal mucosa rises, the highest peak being reached at 4 weeks. At 8 stress weeks, the DS decreases to values similar to those recorded at the beginning of the experiment. The possibility that this DS adaptation (DSA) could be maintained beyond 8 weeks in animals allowed to subsequent resting (stress-free) weeks, was now explored. METHODS Sixty-five rats were investigated. Sixty rats were transported to the stress laboratory. Thirty were water plunged and 30 sham handled once a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. After 8 stress weeks, groups of 5 animals were allowed to rest for one, two, three and four weeks, ending with single water plunging or sham handling. All 65 animals received ip injection of 3H-thymidine before they were sacrificed. The ratio radioactive DNA/total DNA reflected the DS of the stomach and duodenum. RESULTS DSA was achieved at 8 stress weeks (stomach). The DS in the stomach of stressed rats had significantly increased at 10 weeks (P < 0.05), but at 12 weeks it had decreased to 8 weeks values. The DS in the duodenum of stressed rats had significantly increased at 9, 10 and 11 weeks (P < 0.05), but at 12 weeks DS values had decreased to those of 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The DSA at 8 stress weeks had not prevailed because the DS increased considerably in the following weeks. At 9-11 weeks, DS values had significantly increased (P < 0.05) in stressed rats, but at 12 weeks a DS re-adaptation (DSRA) had occurred. Thus, it took 8 weeks to achieve DSA (stomach), but only 4 weeks to accomplish DSRA. Animals experienced sham handling as an stressor (milder) as it also induced DS re-adjustments in the gastroduodenal mucosa. Autoradiography showed that the labelling in DNA synthesizing cells was limited almost exclusively to the mucosal layer. The model described may prove of value to studies aimed at abating the disparate fluctuations of DNA synthesis in the gastroduodenal mucosa during the various phases of protracted stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Rubio
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology Research Laboratory, Karolinska Institute and Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Feel the burn. Nature 2000. [DOI: 10.1038/news000824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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