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Fleming Martinez AK, Storz P. Protein kinase D1 - A targetable mediator of pancreatic cancer development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119646. [PMID: 38061566 PMCID: PMC10872883 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Protein kinase D (PKD) kinase family each play important cell-specific roles in the regulation of normal pancreas functions. In pancreatic diseases PKD1 is the most widely characterized isoform with roles in pancreatitis and in induction of pancreatic cancer and its progression. PKD1 expression and activation increases in pancreatic acinar cells through macrophage secreted factors, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), driving the formation of precancerous lesions. In precancerous lesions PKD1 regulates cell survival, growth, senescence, and generation of doublecortin like kinase 1 (DCLK1)-positive cancer stem cells (CSCs). Within tumors, regulation by PKD1 includes chemoresistance, apoptosis, proliferation, CSC features, and the Warburg effect. Thus, PKD1 plays a critical role throughout pancreatic disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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2
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Li Z, Liu Y, Guo P, Wei Y. Construction and validation of a novel angiogenesis pattern to predict prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:12413-12450. [PMID: 37938164 PMCID: PMC10683615 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that the tumor microenvironment (TME) affects the tumor active response to immunotherapy. Tumor angiogenesis is closely related to the TME. Nonetheless, the effects of angiogenesis on the TME of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. METHODS We comprehensively assessed the angiogenesis patterns in CRC based on 36 angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs). Subsequently, we evaluated the prognostic values and therapeutic sensitivities of angiogenesis patterns using multiple methods. We then performed the machine learning algorithm and functional experiments to identify the prognostic key ARGs. Ultimately, the regulation of gut microbiota on the expression of ARGs was further investigated by using whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Two angiogenesis clusters were identified and angiogenesis cluster B was characterized by increased stromal and immunity activation with unfavorable odds of survival. Further, an ARG_score including 9 ARGs to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) was established and its predominant predictive ability was confirmed. The low ARG_score patients were characterized by a high mutation burden, high microsatellite instability, and immune activation with better prognosis. Moreover, patients with high KLK10 expression were associated with a hot tumor immune microenvironment, poorer immune checkpoint blocking treatment, and shorter survival. The in vitro experiments also indicated that Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n) infection significantly induced KLK10 expression in CRC. CONCLUSIONS The quantification of angiogenesis patterns could contribute to predict TME characteristics, prognosis, and individualized immunotherapy strategies. Furthermore, our findings suggest that F.n may influence CRC progression through ARGs, which could serve as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target for F.n-infected CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xicheng, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xicheng, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xicheng, Beijing 100044, China
- Laboratory of Surgery Oncology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xicheng, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Human Major Diseases, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
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3
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Teranishi R, Takahashi T, Obata Y, Nishida T, Ohkubo S, Kazuno H, Saito Y, Serada S, Fujimoto M, Kurokawa Y, Saito T, Yamamoto K, Yamashita K, Tanaka K, Makino T, Nakajima K, Hirota S, Naka T, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Combination of pimitespib (TAS-116) with sunitinib is an effective therapy for imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:2580-2593. [PMID: 36752576 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of imatinib, most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) develop resistance to the treatment, mainly due to the reactivation of KIT tyrosine kinase activity. Sunitinib, which inhibits the phosphorylation of KIT and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor, has been established as second-line therapy for GISTs. The recently-developed heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor pimitespib (PIM; TAS-116) demonstrated clinical benefits in some clinical trials; however, the effects were limited. The aim of our study was therefore to clarify the effectiveness and mechanism of the combination of PIM with sunitinib for imatinib-resistant GISTs. We evaluated the efficacy and mechanism of the combination of PIM with sunitinib against imatinib-resistant GIST using imatinib-resistant GIST cell lines and murine xenograft models. In vitro analysis demonstrated that PIM and sunitinib combination therapy strongly inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in imatinib-resistant GIST cell lines by inhibiting KIT signaling and decreasing auto-phosphorylated KIT in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, PIM and sunitinib combination therapy enhanced antitumor responses in the murine xenograft models compared to individual therapies. Further analysis of the xenograft models showed that the combination therapy not only downregulated the KIT signaling pathway but also decreased the tumor microvessel density. Furthermore, we found that PIM suppressed VEGF expression in GIST cells by suppressing protein kinase D2 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, which are both HSP90 client proteins. In conclusion, the combination of PIM and sunitinib is effective against imatinib-resistant GIST via the downregulation of KIT signaling and angiogenic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryugo Teranishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuki Obata
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic and Oncology, Tsukiji, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohkubo
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kazuno
- Discovery and Preclinical Research Division, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yurina Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Molecular Pathophysiology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan.,Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita-City, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Chlorinated benzothiadiazines inhibit angiogenesis through suppression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116805. [PMID: 35635929 PMCID: PMC9888588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors are a critical pharmacological tool for the treatment of solid tumors. Suppressing vascular permeability leads to inhibition of tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic potential by blocking the supply of oxygen and nutrients. Disruption of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is a validated target for the design of antiangiogenic agents. Several VEGFR2 inhibitors have been clinically approved over the past years. Structural analysis of these clinical VEGFR2 inhibitors highlighted key functional group overlap with the benzothiadiazine core contained in a library of in-house compounds. Herein we ascribe anti-angiogenic activity to a series of chlorinated benzothiadiazines. Selected compounds show significant activity to completely ameliorate VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation by suppression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation. The scaffold is devoid of activity to inhibit carbonic anhydrases and generally lacks cytotoxicity across a range of cancer and non-malignant cell lines. Assay of activity at 468 kinases shows remarkable selectivity with only four kinases inhibited > 65% at 10 µM concentration, and with significant activity to inhibit TNK2/ACK1 and PKRD2 by > 90%. All four identified kinase targets are known modulators of angiogenesis, thus highlighting compound 17b as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor for further development.
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5
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Pion E, Karnosky J, Boscheck S, Wagner BJ, Schmidt KM, Brunner SM, Schlitt HJ, Aung T, Hackl C, Haerteis S. 3D In Vivo Models for Translational Research on Pancreatic Cancer: The Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153733. [PMID: 35954398 PMCID: PMC9367548 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The 5-year overall survival rate for all stages of pancreatic cancer is relatively low at about only 6%. As a result of this exceedingly poor prognosis, new research models are necessary to investigate this highly malignant cancer. One model that has been used extensively for a vast variety of different cancers is the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. It is based on an exceptionally vascularized membrane that develops within fertilized chicken eggs and can be used for the grafting and analysis of tumor tissue. The aim of the study was to summarize already existing works on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and the CAM model. The results were subdivided into different categories that include drug testing, angiogenesis, personalized medicine, modifications of the model, and further developments to help improve the unfavorable prognosis of this disease. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with adverse outcomes that have barely improved over the last decade. About half of all patients present with metastasis at the time of diagnosis, and the 5-year overall survival rate across all stages is only 6%. Innovative in vivo research models are necessary to combat this cancer and to discover novel treatment strategies. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model represents one 3D in vivo methodology that has been used in a large number of studies on different cancer types for over a century. This model is based on a membrane formed within fertilized chicken eggs that contain a dense network of blood vessels. Because of its high cost-efficiency, simplicity, and versatility, the CAM model appears to be a highly valuable research tool in the pursuit of gaining more in-depth insights into PDAC. A summary of the current literature on the usage of the CAM model for the investigation of PDAC was conducted and subdivided into angiogenesis, drug testing, modifications, personalized medicine, and further developments. On this comprehensive basis, further research should be conducted on PDAC in order to improve the abysmal prognosis of this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Pion
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.P.); (S.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Julia Karnosky
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.K.); (B.J.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.M.B.); (H.J.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Sofie Boscheck
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.P.); (S.B.); (T.A.)
| | - Benedikt J. Wagner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.K.); (B.J.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.M.B.); (H.J.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Katharina M. Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.K.); (B.J.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.M.B.); (H.J.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Stefan M. Brunner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.K.); (B.J.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.M.B.); (H.J.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.K.); (B.J.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.M.B.); (H.J.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Thiha Aung
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.P.); (S.B.); (T.A.)
- Faculty of Applied Healthcare Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, 94469 Deggendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Hackl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.K.); (B.J.W.); (K.M.S.); (S.M.B.); (H.J.S.); (C.H.)
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (E.P.); (S.B.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Ai Y, Zhao Z, Wang H, Zhang X, Qin W, Guo Y, Zhao M, Tang J, Ma X, Zeng J. Pull the plug: Anti‐angiogenesis potential of natural products in gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3371-3393. [PMID: 35871532 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Ai
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Weihan Qin
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Yanlei Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica Chongqing China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
- Department of Geriatrics Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu China
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7
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Cooke M, Kazanietz MG. Overarching roles of diacylglycerol signaling in cancer development and antitumor immunity. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo0264. [PMID: 35412850 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a lipid second messenger that is generated in response to extracellular stimuli and channels intracellular signals that affect mammalian cell proliferation, survival, and motility. DAG exerts a myriad of biological functions through protein kinase C (PKC) and other effectors, such as protein kinase D (PKD) isozymes and small GTPase-regulating proteins (such as RasGRPs). Imbalances in the fine-tuned homeostasis between DAG generation by phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes and termination by DAG kinases (DGKs), as well as dysregulation in the activity or abundance of DAG effectors, have been widely associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. DAG is also a key orchestrator of T cell function and thus plays a major role in tumor immunosurveillance. In addition, DAG pathways shape the tumor ecosystem by arbitrating the complex, dynamic interaction between cancer cells and the immune landscape, hence representing powerful modifiers of immune checkpoint and adoptive T cell-directed immunotherapy. Exploiting the wide spectrum of DAG signals from an integrated perspective could underscore meaningful advances in targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cooke
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Marcelo G Kazanietz
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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8
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Li XY, Ma WN, Su LX, Shen Y, Zhang L, Shao Y, Wang D, Wang Z, Wen MZ, Yang XT. Association of Angiogenesis Gene Expression With Cancer Prognosis and Immunotherapy Efficacy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:805507. [PMID: 35155426 PMCID: PMC8826089 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.805507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several new blood vessels are formed during the process of tumor development. These new blood vessels provide nutrients and water for tumour growth, while spreading tumour cells to distant areas and forming new metastases in different parts of the body. The available evidence suggests that tumour angiogenesis is closely associated with the tumour microenvironment and is regulated by a variety of pro-angiogenic factors and/or angiogenic inhibitors.Methods: In the present study, a comprehensive characterization of angiogenesis genes expression was performed in a pan-cancer analysis across the 33 human cancer types. Further, genetic data from several public databases were also used in the current study. An angiogenesis score was assigned to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer data, with one angiogenesis score as per sample for each tumour.Results: It was found that angiogenesis genes vary across cancer types, and are associated with a number of genomic and immunological features. Further, it was noted that macrophages and iTreg infiltration were generally higher in tumours with high angiogenesis scores, whereas lymphocytes and B cells showed the opposite trend. Notably, NK cells showed significantly different correlations among cancer types. Furthermore, results of the present study showed that a high angiogenesis score was associated with poor survival and aggressive types of cancer in most of the cancer types.Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study evidently showed that the expression of angiogenesis genes is a key feature of tumour biology that has a major impact on prognosis of patient with cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Ning Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-xin Su
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Shen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deming Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Wen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xi-tao Yang,
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Chen L, Liu Y, Becher A, Diepold K, Schmid E, Fehn A, Brunner C, Rouhi A, Chiosis G, Cronauer M, Seufferlein T, Azoitei N. Sildenafil triggers tumor lethality through altered expression of HSP90 and degradation of PKD2. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1421-1431. [PMID: 31917403 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The repurposing of existing drugs has emerged as an attractive additional strategy to the development of novel compounds in the fight against cancerous diseases. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) has been claimed as a potential approach to target various cancer subtypes in recent years. However, data on the treatment of tumors with PDE5 inhibitors as well as the underlying mechanisms are as yet very scarce. Here, we report that treatment of tumor cells with low concentrations of Sildenafil was associated with decreased cancer cell proliferation and augmented apoptosis in vitro and resulted in impaired tumor growth in vivo. Notably, incubation of cancer cells with Sildenafil was associated with altered expression of HSP90 chaperone followed by degradation of protein kinase D2, a client protein previously reported to be involved in tumor growth. Furthermore, the involvement of low doses of PU-H71, an HSP90 inhibitor currently under clinical evaluation, in combination with low concentrations of Sildenafil, synergistically and negatively impacted on the viability of cancer cells in vivo. Taken together, our study suggests that repurposing of already approved drugs, alone or in combination with oncology-dedicated compounds, may represent a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alexander Becher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Diepold
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Fehn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus Cronauer
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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10
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Zhang X, Connelly J, Chao Y, Wang QJ. Multifaceted Functions of Protein Kinase D in Pathological Processes and Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030483. [PMID: 33807058 PMCID: PMC8005150 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases operating in the signaling network of the second messenger diacylglycerol. The three family members, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, are activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli and transduce cell signals affecting many aspects of basic cell functions including secretion, migration, proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and immune response. Dysregulation of PKD in expression and activity has been detected in many human diseases. Further loss- or gain-of-function studies at cellular levels and in animal models provide strong support for crucial roles of PKD in many pathological conditions, including cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiac diseases, central nervous system disorders, inflammatory diseases, and immune dysregulation. Complexity in enzymatic regulation and function is evident as PKD isoforms may act differently in different biological systems and disease models, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences and their biological significance in vivo is essential for the development of safer and more effective PKD-targeted therapies. In this review, to provide a global understanding of PKD function, we present an overview of the PKD family in several major human diseases with more focus on cancer-associated biological processes.
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11
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Gilles P, Kashyap RS, Freitas MJ, Ceusters S, Van Asch K, Janssens A, De Jonghe S, Persoons L, Cobbaut M, Daelemans D, Van Lint J, Voet AR, De Borggraeve WM. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based protein kinase D inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Liu Q, Li W, Zhou Y, Jian J, Han S, Liu C, Li W, Zhu X, Ma D, Ji M, Ji C. PRKD2 Promotes Progression and Chemoresistance of AML via Regulating Notch1 Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10931-10941. [PMID: 31849496 PMCID: PMC6913764 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s233234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Progression and chemoresistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) contribute to most of the treatment failure. Notch pathway has been proven to be involved in many biological processes and diseases, especially AML. In this study, we aimed to explore genes correlated with Notch1 pathway in AML and determine their roles in the regulation of AML progression and chemoresistance. Methods TCGA database was used to explore Notch1 associated genes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of genes. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were performed to examine the expression of genes. The expression of PRKD2 was up-regulated or knocked down in AML cell lines by lentivirus or siRNAs. CCK-8 and flow cytometry were used to analyze the effect of PRKD2 on cell proliferation and chemoresistance. Results Based on TCGA database, PRKD2 was found to be positively correlated with Notch1 expression, cytogenetic risk status and poorer prognosis in AML. Moreover, the expression level of PRKD2 was higher in AML chemo-resistant cells than in chemo-sensitive cells. Functionally, knockdown of PRKD2-induced apoptosis and increased chemosensitivity of AML cells. PRKD2 overexpression promoted proliferation and chemoresistance of AML cells. Furthermore, we found PRKD2 could regulate Notch1 pathway. Besides, high PRKD2 expression was correlated with higher risk group of AML patients which indicated that PRKD2 was an independent prognostic marker for AML. Conclusion Taken together, our results showed that PRKD2 could promote the proliferation and chemoresistance of AML cells by regulating Notch1 pathway. The study broadened our insights into the underlying mechanisms in chemoresistance and proliferation of AML, and provided a new prognostic marker and treatment target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pain, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimo Jian
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunxun Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277599, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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13
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Bekeschus S, Lippert M, Diepold K, Chiosis G, Seufferlein T, Azoitei N. Physical plasma-triggered ROS induces tumor cell death upon cleavage of HSP90 chaperone. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4112. [PMID: 30858416 PMCID: PMC6412052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38580-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP90 is a ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperone implicated in the correct folding and maturation of a plethora of proteins including protein kinases and transcription factors. While disruption of chaperone activity was associated with augmented cancer cell death and decreased tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, the regulation of HSP90 is not clearly understood. Here we report that treatment of cancer cells with cold physical plasma, an emerging and less aggressive tumor therapy, resulted in ROS generation which subsequently triggered the cleavage of HSP90. Notably, cleavage of HSP90 was followed by the degradation of PKD2, a crucial regulator of tumor growth and angiogenesis. Pre-sensitization of cancer cells with subliminal doses of PU-H71, an HSP90 inhibitor currently under clinical evaluation, followed by treatment with cold-plasma, synergistically and negatively impacted on the viability of cancer cells. Taken together, cold-plasma can be used in conjunction with pharmacologic treatment in order to target the expression and activity of HSP90 and the downstream client proteins implicated in various cancer cell capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Maxi Lippert
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristina Diepold
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University Hospital of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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14
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Xu W, Qian J, Zeng F, Li S, Guo W, Chen L, Li G, Zhang Z, Wang QJ, Deng F. Protein kinase Ds promote tumor angiogenesis through mast cell recruitment and expression of angiogenic factors in prostate cancer microenvironment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:114. [PMID: 30841931 PMCID: PMC6404326 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Mast cells are being increasingly recognized as critical components in the tumor microenvironment. Protein Kinase D (PKD) is essential for the progression of prostate cancer, but its role in prostate cancer microenvironment remains poorly understood. Methods The expression of PKD, mast cells and microvessel density were examined by IHC. The clinical significance was determined by statistical analyses. The biological function of PKD and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. Results PKD2/3 contributed to MCs recruitment and tumor angiogenesis in the prostate cancer microenvironment. Clinical data showed that increased activation of PKD at Ser744/748 in prostate cancer was correlated with mast cell infiltration and microvascular density. PKD2/3 silencing of prostate cancer cells markedly decreased MCs migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells. Moreover, PKD2/3 depletion not only reduced SCF, CCL5 and CCL11 expression in prostate cancer cells but also inhibited angiogenic factors in MCs. Conversely, exogenous SCF, CCL5 and CCL11 reversed the effect on MCs migration inhibited by PKD2/3 silencing. Mechanistically, PKD2/3 interacted with Erk1/2 and activated Erk1/2 or NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to AP-1 or NF-κB binding to the promoter of scf, ccl5 and ccl11. Finally, PKD-specific inhibitor significantly reduced tumor volume and tumor growth in mice bearing RM-1 prostate cancer cells, which was attributed to attenuation of mast cell recruitment and tumor angiogenesis. Conclusions These results demonstrate a novel PKDs function that contributes to tumor angiogenesis and progression through mast cells recruitment in prostate cancer microenvironment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1118-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfu Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Present address: Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Jiabi Qian
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Present address: Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guihuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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15
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Liu DH, Zhao ZR, Lin YB, Zhou WJ, Hou JY, Ye ZH, Long H. Prognostic Effect of TP53 and PKD Co-Mutations in Patients with Resected Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 26:1934-1941. [PMID: 30820786 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of specific co-mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung adenocarcinoma is unclear. METHODS Tissues from 147 consecutive patients with resected EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas treated at Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Associations between mutation status, patient baseline characteristics, and survival outcomes (disease-free survival [DFS] and overall survival [OS]) after surgical resection were analyzed. RESULTS TP53 and protein kinase D (PKD) mutations were the two most frequently observed co-mutations in this cohort. Dual PKD/EGFR and TP53/EGFR mutations were found in 39 (27%) and 72 patients (49%), respectively, with dual TP53/EGFR mutations more commonly observed in male patients (P = 0.021). Both TP53 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-3.54, P = 0.007) and PKD co-mutations (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01-2.93, P = 0.044) were associated with shorter DFS, but not OS, in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, patients harboring PKD/TP53 co-mutations had shorter DFS compared with PKD-/TP53- cases (HR 2.49, 95% CI 1.15-5.37, P = 0.02). In a subgroup of never-smokers, TP53 co-mutations were associated with significantly worse OS (HR 50.11, 95% CI 2.39-1049.83, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION TP53 and PKD mutations were the two most frequently observed co-mutations in resected EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Both mutations were associated with poorer prognoses in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Han Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Lung Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-Rui Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Lung Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Bin Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Lung Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Lung Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yu Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Lung Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Ye
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Lung Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Lung Cancer Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Guan B, Wu K, Zeng J, Xu S, Mu L, Gao Y, Wang K, Ma Z, Tian J, Shi Q, Guo P, Wang X, He D, Du Y. Tumor-suppressive microRNA-218 inhibits tumor angiogenesis via targeting the mTOR component RICTOR in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8162-8172. [PMID: 28030804 PMCID: PMC5352391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs, a kind of small non-coding RNAs, can regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. Much evidence has suggested that miR-218 was a tumor suppressor in many human cancers including prostate cancer. However, the underlying role of miR-218 in tumor angiogenesis and the mechanisms in PCa and other cancers remains to be unclear. Here in this present study, we demonstrated that miR-218 inhibited the tumor angiogenesis of PCa cells in vitro and in vivo. RICTOR, the mTOR component 2, was a direct target of miR-218 and miR218-RICTOR-VEGFA axis was the mechanism inhibiting the tumor angiogenesis of PCa cells. RICTOR knockdown phenocopied miR-218 overexpression in inhibiting prostate cancer angiogenesis. Altogether, our findings indicate that down-regulation of miR-218 contributes to tumor angiogenesis through RICTOR/VEGFA axis in PCa, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of PCa oncogenesis and revealing the potential of miR-218 as a useful serum biomarker and a new therapeutic target for human PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Guan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Mu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenkun Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanhua Tian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuefeng Du
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Oncology Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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17
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Protein kinase D-dependent CXCR4 down-regulation upon BCR triggering is linked to lymphadenopathy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41031-41046. [PMID: 27127886 PMCID: PMC5173040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), infiltration of lymph nodes by leukemic cells is observed in patients with progressive disease and adverse outcome. We have previously demonstrated that B-cell receptor (BCR) engagement resulted in CXCR4 down-regulation in CLL cells, correlating with a shorter progression-free survival in patients. In this study, we show a simultaneous down-regulation of CXCR4, CXCR5 and CD62L upon BCR triggering. While concomitant CXCR4 and CXCR5 down-regulation involves PKDs, CD62L release relies on PKC activation. BCR engagement induces PI3K-δ-dependent phosphorylation of PKD2 and 3, which in turn phosphorylate CXCR4 Ser324/325. Moreover, upon BCR triggering, PKD phosphorylation levels correlate with the extent of membrane CXCR4 decrease. Inhibition of PKD activity restores membrane expression of CXCR4 and migration towards CXCL12 in BCR-responsive cells in vitro. In terms of pathophysiology, BCR-dependent CXCR4 down-regulation is observed in leukemic cells from patients with enlarged lymph nodes, irrespective of their IGHV mutational status. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PKD-mediated CXCR4 internalization induced by BCR engagement in B-CLL is associated with lymph node enlargement and suggest PKD as a potential druggable target for CLL therapeutics.
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18
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Azoitei N, Cobbaut M, Becher A, Van Lint J, Seufferlein T. Protein kinase D2: a versatile player in cancer biology. Oncogene 2017; 37:1263-1278. [PMID: 29259300 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the PKD family of calcium-calmodulin kinases, which comprises three isoforms: PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3. PKD2 is activated by many stimuli including growth factors, phorbol esters, and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. PKD2 participation to uncontrolled growth, survival, neovascularization, metastasis, and invasion has been documented in various tumor types including pancreatic, colorectal, gastric, hepatic, lung, prostate, and breast cancer, as well as glioma multiforme and leukemia. This review discusses the versatile functions of PKD2 from the perspective of cancer hallmarks as described by Hanahan and Weinberg. The PKD2 status, signaling pathways affected in different tumor types and the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis and tumor progression are presented. The latest developments of small-molecule inhibitors selective for PKD/PKD2, as well as the need for further chemotherapies that prevent, slow down, or eliminate tumors are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Laboratory for Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Van Lint
- Laboratory for Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Plastira I, Bernhart E, Goeritzer M, DeVaney T, Reicher H, Hammer A, Lohberger B, Wintersperger A, Zucol B, Graier WF, Kratky D, Malle E, Sattler W. Lysophosphatidic acid via LPA-receptor 5/protein kinase D-dependent pathways induces a motile and pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:253. [PMID: 29258556 PMCID: PMC5735906 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species transmit signals via six different G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-6) and are indispensible for brain development and function of the nervous system. However, under neuroinflammatory conditions or brain damage, LPA levels increase, thereby inducing signaling cascades that counteract brain function. We describe a critical role for 1-oleyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (termed "LPA" throughout our study) in mediating a motile and pro-inflammatory microglial phenotype via LPAR5 that couples to protein kinase D (PKD)-mediated pathways. METHODS Using the xCELLigence system and time-lapse microscopy, we investigated the migrational response of microglial cells. Different M1 and M2 markers were analyzed by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. Using qPCR and ELISA, we studied the expression of migratory genes and quantitated the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, respectively. Different transcription factors that promote the regulation of pro-inflammatory genes were analyzed by western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and microglial cytotoxicity were determined using commercially available assay kits. RESULTS LPA induces MAPK family and AKT activation and pro-inflammatory transcription factors' phosphorylation (NF-κB, c-Jun, STAT1, and STAT3) that were inhibited by both LPAR5 and PKD family antagonists. LPA increases migratory capacity, induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and expression of M1 markers, enhances production of ROS and NO by microglia, and augments cytotoxicity of microglial cell-conditioned medium towards neurons. The PKD family inhibitor blunted all of these effects. We propose that interference with this signaling axis could aid in the development of new therapeutic approaches to control neuroinflammation under conditions of overshooting LPA production. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we show that inflammatory LPA levels increased the migratory response of microglia and promoted a pro-inflammatory phenotype via the LPAR5/PKD axis. Interference with this signaling axis reduced microglial migration, blunted microglial cytotoxicity, and abrogated the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Plastira
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - E. Bernhart
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - M. Goeritzer
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - T. DeVaney
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - H. Reicher
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - A. Hammer
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B. Lohberger
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A. Wintersperger
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - B. Zucol
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - W. F. Graier
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D. Kratky
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E. Malle
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - W. Sattler
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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20
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Yang H, Xu M, Chi X, Yan Q, Wang Y, Xu W, Zhuang K, Li A, Liu S. Higher PKD3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues predicts poorer prognosis for HCC patients. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:554-563. [PMID: 28363424 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Protein kinase D (PKD) acts as a key mediator in several cancer development signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance and prognostic value of PKD3 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after hepatectomy. METHODS PKD3 mRNA and protein expression levels in tumor and matched non-tumoral (NT) tissues, HCC cell lines were evaluated by quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting and immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Additionally, PKD3 mRNA expression in HCC tissues correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. RESULTS PKD3 mRNA and protein expression was elevated in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines. Our data also showed that in HCC patients after resection, a high-expression of PKD3 mRNA and protein significantly correlated with multiple tumor nodules (P=0.009, P=0.020, respectively), poor tumor differentiation (P=0.001, P=0.004, respectively), high serum AFP level (P=0.005, P=0.002, respectively), vascular invasion (P=0.006, P=0.009, respectively) and advanced AJCC stage (P=0.001, P=0.022, respectively). A Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that an elevated PKD3 mRNA expression correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P=0.008). Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that a high-expression of PKD3 was an independent prognostic factor for three-year overall survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that abnormal PKD3 expression might contribute to HCC progression. Furthermore, high PKD3 expression predicts a poor prognosis in HCC patients after hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People(')s Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong No. 2 Provincial People(')s Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xiufang Chi
- Department of Neonatology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Kangmin Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Side Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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21
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Tiran V, Lindenmann J, Brcic L, Heitzer E, Stanzer S, Tabrizi-Wizsy NG, Stacher E, Stoeger H, Popper HH, Balic M, Dandachi N. Primary patient-derived lung adenocarcinoma cell culture challenges the association of cancer stem cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10040. [PMID: 28855609 PMCID: PMC5577216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) models have been closely associated and used to describe both the formation of metastasis and therapy resistance. We established a primary lung cell culture from a patient in a clinically rare and unique situation of primary resistant disease. This culture consisted of two biologically profoundly distinct adenocarcinoma cell subpopulations, which differed phenotypically and genotypically. One subpopulation initiated and sustained in spheroid cell culture (LT22s) whereas the other subpopulation was only capable of growth and proliferation under adherent conditions (LT22a). In contrast to our expectations, LT22s were strongly associated with the epithelial phenotype, and expressed additionally CSC markers ALDH1 and CD133, whereas the LT22a was characterized as mesenchymal with lack of CSC markers. The LT22s cells also demonstrated an invasive behavior and mimicked gland formation. Finally, LT22s were more resistant to Cisplatin than LT22a cells. We demonstrate a primary lung adenocarcinoma cell culture derived from a patient with resistant disease, with epithelial aggressive subpopulation of cells associated with stem cell features and therapy resistance. Our findings challenge the current model associating CSC and disease resistance mainly to mesenchymal cells and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Tiran
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic and Hyperbaric Surgery, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Elvira Stacher
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut H Popper
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Marija Balic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Circulating Tumor Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Nadia Dandachi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit Epigenetic and Genetic Cancer Biomarkers, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
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22
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STK33 participates to HSP90-supported angiogenic program in hypoxic tumors by regulating HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77474-77488. [PMID: 29100402 PMCID: PMC5652794 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lately, the HSP90 client serine/threonine kinase STK33 emerged to be required by cancer cells for their viability and proliferation. However, its mechanistic contribution to carcinogenesis is not clearly understood. Here we report that elevated STK33 expression correlates with advanced stages of human pancreatic and colorectal carcinomas. Impaired proliferation and augmented apoptosis associated with genetic abrogation of STK33 were paralleled by decreased vascularization in tumor xenografts. In line with this, ectopic STK33 not only promoted tumor growth after pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90 using structurally divergent small molecules currently in clinical development, but also restored blood vessel formation in vivo. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that HSP90-stabilized STK33 interacts with and regulates hypoxia-driven accumulation and activation of HIF-1α as well as secretion of VEGF-A in hypoxic cancer cells. In addition, our study reveals a putative cooperation between STK33 and other HSP90 client protein kinases involved in molecular and cellular events through which cancer cells ensure their survival by securing the oxygen and nutrient supply. Altogether, our findings indicate that STK33 interferes with signals from hypoxia and HSP90 to promote tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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23
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Yang C, Xu Y, Cheng F, Hu Y, Yang S, Rao J, Wang X. miR-1301 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis by decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling through targeting BCL9. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2999. [PMID: 28817119 PMCID: PMC5596547 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and increasing evidence supports the contribution of miRNAs to cancer progression. However, the exact relationship between the level of miR-1301 expression and HCC cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis remains largely unknown. Quantitative PCR was used to evaluate the level of miR-1301 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines. Transwell and tube-formation assays were used to measure the effects of miR-1301 on HCC cell migration and invasion, and angiogenesis, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays and western blotting were used to confirm the miR-1301 target genes. We found that miR-1301 was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Low miR-1301 expression was associated with tumor vascular invasion and Edmondson grade. Gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-1301 inhibited the migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. BCL9, upregulated in HCC tissues compared with matched adjacent normal tissues, was inversely correlated to miR-1301 levels in HCC tissues. Through reporter gene and western blot assays, BCL9 was shown to be a direct miR-1301 target. BCL9 overexpression could partially reverse the effects of miR-1301 on HCC cell migration and invasion. Most importantly, miR-1301 overexpression markedly suppressed the death of xenograft mouse models of cancer by reducing tumor load, metastasis, and host angiogenesis by downregulating BCL9, β-catenin, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in tumor cells. Our observations suggested that miR-1301 inhibits HCC migration, invasion, and angiogenesis via decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling through targeting BCL9, and might be a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghua Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No.1 People’s Hospital/The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanchang Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Rao
- Department of Liver Surgery/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Key Laboratory on Living Donor Liver Transplantation of National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, Nanjing, China
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24
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Verschueren K, Cobbaut M, Demaerel J, Saadah L, Voet ARD, Van Lint J, De Borggraeve WM. Discovery of a potent protein kinase D inhibitor: insights in the binding mode of pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine analogues. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:640-646. [PMID: 28890776 PMCID: PMC5567267 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00675b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we set out to rationally optimize PKD inhibitors based on the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold. The lead compound for this study was 1-NM-PP1, which was previously found by us and others to inhibit PKD. In our screening we identified one compound (3-IN-PP1) displaying a 10-fold increase in potency over 1-NM-PP1, opening new possibilities for specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases that show sensitivity towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derived compounds. Interestingly the observed SAR was not in complete agreement with the commonly observed binding mode where the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine compounds are bound in a similar fashion as PKD's natural ligand ATP. Therefore we suggest an alternate binding mode where the compounds are flipped 180 degrees. This possible alternate binding mode for pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine based compounds could pave the way for a new class of specific protein kinase inhibitors for kinases sensitive towards pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrmidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Verschueren
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
| | - Mathias Cobbaut
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joachim Demaerel
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
| | - Lina Saadah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Department of Chemistry , Laboratory of Biomolecular Modeling and Design , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200G , 3001 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine , Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics , KU Leuven , Herestraat 49 box 901 , 3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry , Molecular Design and Synthesis , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , 3001 Leuven , Belgium .
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25
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Hofvander J, Arbajian E, Stenkula KG, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Larsson M, Nilsson J, Magnusson L, von Steyern FV, Rissler P, Hornick JL, Mertens F. Frequent low-level mutations of protein kinase D2 in angiolipoma. J Pathol 2017; 241:578-582. [PMID: 28139834 DOI: 10.1002/path.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumours displaying differentiation towards normal fat constitute the most common subgroup of soft tissue neoplasms. A series of such tumours was investigated by whole-exome sequencing followed by targeted ultra-deep sequencing. Eighty per cent of angiolipomas, but not any other tumour type, displayed mutations in the protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) gene, typically in the part encoding the catalytic domain. The absence of other aberrations at the chromosome or RNA level suggests that PRKD2 mutations are critical for angiolipoma development. Consistently, the mutated PRKD2 alleles were present at low (3-15%) frequencies, indicating that only a subset of the tumour cells is affected. Indeed, by sequencing mature fat cells and other cells separately, the former typically showed the highest mutation frequencies. Thus, we hypothesize that altered PRKD2 signalling in the adipocytic cells drives tumourigenesis and, in agreement with its pivotal role in angiogenesis, induces the vessel formation that is characteristic for angiolipoma. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hofvander
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Malin Larsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vult von Steyern
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pehr Rissler
- Department of Pathology, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Office for Medical Services, Division of Laboratory Medicine, 221 85, Lund, Sweden
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26
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Perkhofer L, Walter K, Costa IG, Carrasco MCR, Eiseler T, Hafner S, Genze F, Zenke M, Bergmann W, Illing A, Hohwieler M, Köhntop R, Lin Q, Holzmann KH, Seufferlein T, Wagner M, Liebau S, Hermann PC, Kleger A, Müller M. Tbx3 fosters pancreatic cancer growth by increased angiogenesis and activin/nodal-dependent induction of stemness. Stem Cell Res 2016; 17:367-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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27
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Long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated 1 enhances tumor-induced angiogenesis through inhibiting microRNA-299 in human glioblastoma. Oncogene 2016; 36:318-331. [PMID: 27345398 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the critical biological elements affecting the development and progression of cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators and aberrantly expressed in various types of human cancer. Our previous studies indicated that lncRNA taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) implicated in the regulation of blood-tumor barrier permeability; however, its role in glioblastoma angiogenesis still unclear. Here we demonstrated that TUG1 was up-expressed in human glioblastoma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines. Knockdown of TUG1 remarkably suppressed tumor-induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation as well as reducing spheroid-based angiogenesis ability in vitro, which are the critical steps for tumor angiogenesis. Besides, knockdown of TUG1 significantly increased the expression of mircroRNA-299 (miR-299), which was down-expressed in glioblastoma tissues and glioblastoma cell lines. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that TUG1 influenced tumor angiogenesis via directly binding to the miR-299 and there was a reciprocal repression between TUG1 and miR-299 in the same RNA-induced silencing complex. Moreover, knockdown of TUG1 reduced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which was defined as a functional downstream target of miR-299. In addition, knockdown of TUG1, shown in the in vivo studies, has effects on suppressing tumor growth, reducing tumor microvessel density and decreasing the VEGFA expression by upregulating miR-299 in xenograft glioblastoma model. Overall, the results demonstrated that TUG1 enhances tumor-induced angiogenesis and VEGF expression through inhibiting miR-299. Also, the inhibition of TUG1 could provide a novel therapeutic target for glioblastoma treatment.
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28
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Ren B. Protein Kinase D1 Signaling in Angiogenic Gene Expression and VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:37. [PMID: 27200349 PMCID: PMC4854877 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D 1 (PKD-1) is a signaling kinase important in fundamental cell functions including migration, proliferation, and differentiation. PKD-1 is also a key regulator of gene expression and angiogenesis that is essential for cardiovascular development and tumor progression. Further understanding molecular aspects of PKD-1 signaling in the regulation of angiogenesis may have translational implications in obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The author will summarize and provide the insights into molecular mechanisms by which PKD-1 regulates transcriptional expression of angiogenic genes, focusing on the transcriptional regulation of CD36 by PKD-1-FoxO1 signaling axis along with the potential implications of this axis in arterial differentiation and morphogenesis. He will also discuss a new concept of dynamic balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic signaling in determining angiogenic switch, and stress how PKD-1 signaling regulates VEGF signaling-mediated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ren
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA; Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of WisconsinMilwaukee, WI, USA
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29
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Azoitei N, Becher A, Steinestel K, Rouhi A, Diepold K, Genze F, Simmet T, Seufferlein T. PKM2 promotes tumor angiogenesis by regulating HIF-1α through NF-κB activation. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:3. [PMID: 26739387 PMCID: PMC4704385 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initially identified as a molecule that regulates the final step of glycolysis, the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) was recently reported to have a central role in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells as well as participating in cell cycle progression and gene transcription. Despite intensive efforts, the intricate molecular mechanisms through which PKM2 regulates tumor progression remain elusive. METHODS The proliferation and apoptosis of various pancreatic cancer cells using lentiviral-mediated PKM2 abrogation were assessed in vitro via Western blot and flow cytometric assay while the in vivo experiments involved tumor xenograft on chicken chorionallantoic membranes and immunohistochemistry on human tissue specimens. In order to decipher the molecular mechanism of HIF-1α and p65/RelA regulation by PKM2 in cancer cells cultivated in hypoxic atmosphere or normoxia we involved various biochemical assays such as Western blotting, immunoprecipitation, reporter gene assay and ELISA. RESULTS Strong expression of PKM2 was observed in 68 % of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma specimens and almost all analyzed pancreatic cancer cell lines. Abrogation of PKM2 resulted in impaired proliferation and augmented apoptosis in vitro as well as impaired tumor growth and decreased blood vessel formation in vivo. Furthermore, deletion of PKM2 negatively impacted hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation and promoter activity ultimately resulting in impaired secretion of VEGF. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that in hypoxic pancreatic tumors PKM2 interferes both with NF-κB/p65 and HIF-1α activation that ultimately triggers VEGF-A secretion and subsequent blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Becher
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Konrad Steinestel
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Arefeh Rouhi
- Center for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristina Diepold
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Felicitas Genze
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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30
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Zhang X, Tang J, Zhi X, Xie K, Wang W, Li Z, Zhu Y, Yang L, Xu H, Xu Z. miR-874 functions as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting angiogenesis through STAT3/VEGF-A pathway in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1605-17. [PMID: 25596740 PMCID: PMC4359318 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. Our previous studies indicated that miR-874 played a suppressive role in gastric cancer (GC) development and progression. However, the role of miR-874 in tumor angiogenesis and the mechanisms underlying its function in GC remained to be clarified. Here, gain- and loss-of-function assays demonstrated that miR-874 inhibited the tumor angiogenesis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Through reporter gene and western blot assays, STAT3 was shown to be a direct target of miR-874. Overexpression of STAT3 rescued the loss of tumor angiogenesis caused by miR-874. Conversely, the STAT3-shRNA attenuated the increased tumor angiogenesis caused by the miR-874-inhibitor. Furthermore, the levels of miR-874 were inversely correlated with those of STAT3 protein in GC tissues. Taken together, these findings indicate that down-regulation of miR-874 contributes to tumor angiogenesis through STAT3 in GC, highlighting the potential of miR-874 as a target for human GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Huai'an People's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical College, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunling Xie
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zekuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Bernhart E, Damm S, Heffeter P, Wintersperger A, Asslaber M, Frank S, Hammer A, Strohmaier H, DeVaney T, Mrfka M, Eder H, Windpassinger C, Ireson CR, Mischel PS, Berger W, Sattler W. Silencing of protein kinase D2 induces glioma cell senescence via p53-dependent and -independent pathways. Neuro Oncol 2015; 16:933-45. [PMID: 24463355 PMCID: PMC4057133 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor of the central nervous system with a dismal prognosis for affected patients. Aberrant protein kinase C (PKC) signaling has been implicated in gliomagenesis, and a member of the PKC-activated protein kinase D (PRKD) family, PRKD2, was identified as mediator of GBM growth in vitro and in vivo. Methods The outcome of PRKD2 silencing and pharmacological inhibition on glioma cell proliferation was established with different glioma cell lines. Western blotting, senescence assays, co-immunoprecipitation, fluorescence activated cell sorting, quantitative PCR, and immunofluorescence microscopy were utilized to analyze downstream signaling. Results RNA-interference (21-mer siRNA) and pharmacological inhibition (CRT0066101) of PRKD2 profoundly inhibited proliferation of p53wt (U87MG, A172, and primary GBM2), and p53mut (GM133, T98G, U251, and primary Gli25) glioma cells. In a xenograft experiment, PRKD2 silencing significantly delayed tumor growth of U87MG cells. PRKD2 silencing in p53wt and p53mut cells was associated with typical hallmarks of senescence and cell cycle arrest in G1. Attenuated AKT/PKB phosphorylation in response to PRKD2 silencing was a common observation made in p53wt and p53mut GBM cells. PRKD2 knockdown in p53wt cells induced upregulation of p53, p21, and p27 expression, decreased phosphorylation of CDK2 and/or CDK4, hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and reduced transcription of E2F1. In p53mut GM133 and primary Gli25 cells, PRKD2 silencing increased p27 and p15 and reduced E2F1 transcription but did not affect pRb phosphorylation. Conclusions PRKD2 silencing induces glioma cell senescence via p53-dependent and -independent pathways.
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Durand N, Borges S, Storz P. Functional and therapeutic significance of protein kinase D enzymes in invasive breast cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4369-82. [PMID: 26253275 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase D (PKD) family members, PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3 constitute a family of serine/threonine kinases that are essential regulators of cell migration, proliferation and protein transport. Multiple types of cancers are characterized by aberrant expression of PKD isoforms. In breast cancer PKD isoforms exhibit distinct expression patterns and regulate various oncogenic processes. In highly invasive breast cancer, the leading cause of cancer-associated deaths in females, the loss of PKD1 is thought to promote invasion and metastasis, while PKD2 and upregulated PKD3 have been shown to be positive regulators of proliferation, chemoresistance and metastasis. In this review, we examine the differential expression pattern, mechanisms of regulation and contributions made by each PKD isoform to the development and maintenance of invasive breast cancer. In addition, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches for targeting PKD in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Durand
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sahra Borges
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Griffin Room 306, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Müller M, Schröer J, Azoitei N, Eiseler T, Bergmann W, Köhntop R, Lin Q, Costa IG, Zenke M, Genze F, Weidgang C, Seufferlein T, Liebau S, Kleger A. A time frame permissive for Protein Kinase D2 activity to direct angiogenesis in mouse embryonic stem cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11742. [PMID: 26148697 PMCID: PMC4493579 DOI: 10.1038/srep11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase D isoenzymes PKD1/2/3 are prominent downstream targets of PKCs (Protein Kinase Cs) and phospholipase D in various biological systems. Recently, we identified PKD isoforms as novel mediators of tumour cell-endothelial cell communication, tumour cell motility and metastasis. Although PKD isoforms have been implicated in physiological/tumour angiogenesis, a role of PKDs during embryonic development, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis still remains elusive. We investigated the role of PKDs in germ layer segregation and subsequent vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We show that mouse ESCs predominantly express PKD2 followed by PKD3 while PKD1 displays negligible levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PKD2 is specifically phosphorylated/activated at the time of germ layer segregation. Time-restricted PKD2-activation limits mesendoderm formation and subsequent cardiovasculogenesis during early differentiation while leading to branching angiogenesis during late differentiation. In line, PKD2 loss-of-function analyses showed induction of mesendodermal differentiation in expense of the neuroectodermal germ layer. Our in vivo findings demonstrate that embryoid bodies transplanted on chicken chorioallantoic membrane induced an angiogenic response indicating that timed overexpression of PKD2 from day 4 onwards leads to augmented angiogenesis in differentiating ESCs. Taken together, our results describe novel and time-dependent facets of PKD2 during early cell fate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Schröer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ninel Azoitei
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wendy Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhntop
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qiong Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- IZKF Computational Biology Research Group, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Clair Weidgang
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Borges S, Perez EA, Thompson EA, Radisky DC, Geiger XJ, Storz P. Effective Targeting of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancers with the Protein Kinase D Inhibitor CRT0066101. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1306-16. [PMID: 25852060 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of the breast are associated with altered expression of hormone receptors (HR), amplification or overexpression of HER2, or a triple-negative phenotype. The most aggressive cases of IDC are characterized by a high proliferation rate, a great propensity to metastasize, and their ability to resist to standard chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or HER2-targeted therapy. Using progression tissue microarrays, we here demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D3 (PKD3) is highly upregulated in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (ER(-)) tumors. We identify direct binding of the ER to the PRKD3 gene promoter as a mechanism of inhibition of PKD3 expression. Loss of ER results in upregulation of PKD3, leading to all hallmarks of aggressive IDC, including increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This identifies ER(-) breast cancers as ideal for treatment with the PKD inhibitor CRT0066101. We show that similar to a knockdown of PKD3, treatment with this inhibitor targets all tumorigenic processes in vitro and decreases growth of primary tumors and metastasis in vivo. Our data strongly support the development of PKD inhibitors for clinical use for ER(-) breast cancers, including the triple-negative phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahra Borges
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Edith A Perez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
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Azoitei N, Fröhling S, Scholl C, Seufferlein T. PRKD2: A two-pronged kinase crucial for the tumor-supporting activity of HSP90. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e981444. [PMID: 27308444 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.981444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PRKD2 plays an important role in tumor cell survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. We recently reported that cell death and impaired blood vessel formation evoked by inhibition of the HSP90 chaperone in human cancer cells of various tissue origins is mediated by destabilization of PRKD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I; Ulm University Hospital ; Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Oncology; National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center ; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Department of Translational Oncology; National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center ; Heidelberg, Germany
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Azoitei N, Diepold K, Brunner C, Rouhi A, Genze F, Becher A, Kestler H, van Lint J, Chiosis G, Koren J, Fröhling S, Scholl C, Seufferlein T. HSP90 supports tumor growth and angiogenesis through PRKD2 protein stabilization. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7125-36. [PMID: 25297628 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The kinase PRKD2 (protein kinase D) is a crucial regulator of tumor cell-endothelial cell communication in gastrointestinal tumors and glioblastomas, but its mechanistic contributions to malignant development are not understood. Here, we report that the oncogenic chaperone HSP90 binds to and stabilizes PRKD2 in human cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90 with structurally divergent small molecules currently in clinical development triggered proteasome-dependent degradation of PRKD2, augmenting apoptosis in human cancer cells of various tissue origins. Conversely, ectopic expression of PRKD2 protected cancer cells from the apoptotic effects of HSP90 abrogation, restoring blood vessel formation in two preclinical models of solid tumors. Mechanistic studies revealed that PRKD2 is essential for hypoxia-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) and activation of NF-κB in tumor cells. Notably, ectopic expression of PRKD2 was able to partially restore HIF1α and secreted VEGF-A levels in hypoxic cancer cells treated with HSP90 inhibitors. Taken together, our findings indicate that signals from hypoxia and HSP90 pathways are interconnected and funneled by PRKD2 into the NF-κB/VEGF-A signaling axis to promote tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninel Azoitei
- Center for Internal Medicine I, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | | | - Cornelia Brunner
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arefeh Rouhi
- Center for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Hans Kestler
- Institute for Neuroinformatic, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johan van Lint
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Fröhling
- Department of Translational Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Scholl
- Center for Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Protein kinase D is increased and activated in lung epithelial cells and macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101983. [PMID: 25000413 PMCID: PMC4084945 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a relentlessly progressive and usually fatal lung disease of unknown etiology for which no effective treatments currently exist. Hence, there is a profound need for the identification of novel drugable targets to develop more specific and efficacious therapeutic intervention in IPF. In this study, we performed immunohistochemical analyses to assess the cell type-specific expression and activation of protein kinase D (PKD) family kinases in normal and IPF lung tissue sections. We also analyzed PKD activation and function in human lung epithelial cells. We found that PKD family kinases (PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3) were increased and activated in the hyperplastic and regenerative alveolar epithelial cells lining remodeled fibrotic alveolar septa and/or fibroblast foci in IPF lungs compared with normal controls. We also found that PKD family kinases were increased and activated in alveolar macrophages, bronchiolar epithelium, and honeycomb cysts in IPF lungs. Interestingly, PKD1 was highly expressed and activated in the cilia of IPF bronchiolar epithelial cells, while PKD2 and PKD3 were expressed in the cell cytoplasm and nuclei. In contrast, PKD family kinases were not apparently increased and activated in IPF fibroblasts or myofibroblasts. We lastly found that PKD was predominantly activated by poly-L-arginine, lysophosphatidic acid and thrombin in human lung epithelial cells and that PKD promoted epithelial barrier dysfunction. These findings suggest that PKD may participate in the pathogenesis of IPF and may be a novel target for therapeutic intervention in this disease.
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Aicart-Ramos C, Sánchez-Ruiloba L, Gómez-Parrizas M, Zaragoza C, Iglesias T, Rodríguez-Crespo I. Protein kinase D activity controls endothelial nitric oxide synthesis. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3360-72. [PMID: 24928905 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.148601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates key functions of the endothelium, such as angiogenesis or vessel repair in processes involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation. One of the effector kinases that become activated in endothelial cells upon VEGF treatment is protein kinase D (PKD). Here, we show that PKD phosphorylates eNOS, leading to its activation and a concomitant increase in NO synthesis. Using mass spectrometry, we show that the purified active kinase specifically phosphorylates recombinant eNOS on Ser1179. Treatment of endothelial cells with VEGF or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) activates PKD and increases eNOS Ser1179 phosphorylation. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of PKD and gene silencing of both PKD1 and PKD2 abrogate VEGF signaling, resulting in a clear diminished migration of endothelial cells in a wound healing assay. Finally, inhibition of PKD in mice results in an almost complete disappearance of the VEGF-induced vasodilatation, as monitored through determination of the diameter of the carotid artery. Hence, our data indicate that PKD is a new regulatory kinase of eNOS in endothelial cells whose activity orchestrates mammalian vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Lucía Sánchez-Ruiloba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols". CSIC-UAM, C/Arturo Duperier, Madrid 28029, Spain CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Cardiovascular Research Unit University Francisco de Vitoria/Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra Colmenar Viejo Km 9,100, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Teresa Iglesias
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols". CSIC-UAM, C/Arturo Duperier, Madrid 28029, Spain CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rodríguez-Crespo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Wille C, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Protein Kinase D family kinases: roads start to segregate. BIOARCHITECTURE 2014; 4:111-5. [PMID: 24847910 PMCID: PMC4201600 DOI: 10.4161/bioa.29273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Highly invasive pancreatic tumors are often recognized in late stages due to a lack of clear symptoms and pose major challenges for treatment and disease management. Broad-band Protein Kinase D (PKD) inhibitors have recently been proposed as additional treatment option for this disease. PKDs are implicated in the control of cancer cell motility, angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis. In particular, PKD2 expression is elevated in pancreatic cancer, whereas PKD1 expression is comparably lower. In our recent study we report that both kinases control PDAC cell invasive properties in an isoform-specific, but opposing manner. PKD1 selectively mediates anti-migratory/anti-invasive features by preferential regulation of the actin-regulatory Cofilin-phosphatase Slingshot1L (SSH1L). PKD2, on the other hand enhances invasion and angiogenesis of PDAC cells in 3D-ECM cultures and chorioallantois tumor models by stimulating expression and secretion of matrix-metalloproteinase 7 and 9 (MMP7/9). MMP9 also enhances PKD2-mediated tumor angiogenesis releasing extracellular matrix-bound VEGF-A. We thus suggest high PKD2 expression and loss of PKD1 may be beneficial for tumor cells to enhance their matrix-invading abilities. In our recent study we demonstrate for the first time PKD1 and 2 isoform-selective effects on pancreatic cancer cell invasion, in-vitro and in-vivo, defining isoform-specific regulation of PKDs as a major future issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wille
- Department of Internal Medicine I; Ulm University; Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine I; Ulm University; Ulm, Germany
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Ferguson DP, Dangott LJ, Lightfoot JT. Lessons learned from vivo-morpholinos: How to avoid vivo-morpholino toxicity. Biotechniques 2014; 56:251-6. [PMID: 24806225 DOI: 10.2144/000114167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vivo-morpholinos are a promising tool for gene silencing. These oligonucleotide analogs transiently silence genes by blocking either translation or pre-mRNA splicing. Little to no toxicity has been reported for vivo-morpholino treatment. However, in a recent study conducted in our lab, treatment of mice with vivo-morpholinos resulted in high mortality rates. We hypothesized that the deaths were the result of oligonucleotide hybridization, causing an increased cationic charge associated with the dendrimer delivery moiety of the vivo-morpholino. The cationic charge increased blood clot formation in whole blood treated with vivo-morpholinos, suggesting that clotting could have caused cardiac arrest in the deceased mice. Therefore, we investigate the mechanism by which some vivo-morpholinos increase mortality rates and propose techniques to alleviate vivo-morpholino toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Ferguson
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Biology of Physical Activity Laboratory, Dept. of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Lawrence J Dangott
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Dept. of Biochemistry/Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J Timothy Lightfoot
- Biology of Physical Activity Laboratory, Dept. of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Wei N, Chu E, Wipf P, Schmitz JC. Protein kinase d as a potential chemotherapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1130-41. [PMID: 24634417 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) signaling plays a critical role in the regulation of DNA synthesis, proliferation, cell survival, adhesion, invasion/migration, motility, and angiogenesis. To date, relatively little is known about the potential role of PKD in the development and/or progression of human colorectal cancer. We evaluated the expression of different PKD isoforms in colorectal cancer and investigated the antitumor activity of PKD inhibitors against human colorectal cancer. PKD2 was the dominant isoform expressed in human colon cancer cells. PKD3 expression was also observed but PKD1 expression, at both the RNA and protein levels, was not detected. Suppression of PKD using the small molecule inhibitors CRT0066101 and kb-NB142-70 resulted in low micromolar in vitro antiproliferative activity against multiple human colorectal cancer cell lines. Drug treatment was associated with dose-dependent suppression of PKD2 activation. Incubation with CRT0066101 resulted in G(2)-M phase arrest and induction of apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Further studies showed that CRT0066101 treatment gave rise to a dose-dependent increase in expression of cleaved PARP and activated caspase-3, in addition to inhibition of AKT and ERK signaling, and suppression of NF-κB activity. Transfection of PKD2-targeted siRNAs resulted in similar effects on downstream pathways as observed with small molecule inhibitors. Daily administration of CRT0066101 resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in HCT116 xenograft nude mice. Taken together, our studies show that PKD plays a significant role in mediating growth signaling in colorectal cancer and may represent a novel chemotherapeutic target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wei
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute; and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Niu G, Lu L, Gan J, Zhang D, Liu J, Huang G. Dual roles of orphan nuclear receptor TR3/Nur77/NGFI-B in mediating cell survival and apoptosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 313:219-58. [PMID: 25376494 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800177-6.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As a transcriptional factor, Nur77 has sparked interests across different research fields in recent years. A number of studies have demonstrated the functional complexity of Nur77 in mediating survival/apoptosis in a variety of cells, including tumor cells. Conflicting observations also exist in clinical reports, in that TR3 behaves like an oncogene in tumors of the GI tract, lung, and breast, that is negatively associated with tumor stage and patient prognosis; while functions as a tumor suppressor gene in malignancies of the hematological and lymphatic system, skin, and ovary whose malfunction results in carcinogenesis. This chapter summarizes the apparent opposing effects of Nur77 on cells and explicates the mechanisms that determine the functional preference of Nur77. We conclude that in addition to cell type and agent context, other factors such as cellular localization, signaling pathway, and posttranslational modification also determine the final effects of Nur77 on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengming Niu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Gan
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Main Library, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangjian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wille C, Köhler C, Armacki M, Jamali A, Gössele U, Pfizenmaier K, Seufferlein T, Eiseler T. Protein kinase D2 induces invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating matrix metalloproteinases. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:324-36. [PMID: 24336522 PMCID: PMC3907273 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-06-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer. PKD1 expression is low. Both kinases differentially control pancreatic cancer cell invasion. PKD2 enhances invasion and angiogenesis in 3D ECM, as well as in chorioallantois membrane models, by stimulating expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinase 7/9. Pancreatic cancer cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis are major challenges for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms are involved in controlling tumor cell motility, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In particular PKD2 expression is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer, whereas PKD1 expression is lowered. We report that both kinases control pancreatic cancer cell invasive properties in an isoform-specific manner. PKD2 enhances invasion in three-dimensional extracellular matrix (3D-ECM) cultures by stimulating expression and secretion of matrix metalloproteinases 7 and 9 (MMP7/9), by which MMP7 is likely to act upstream of MMP9. Knockdown of MMP7/9 blocks PKD2-mediated invasion in 3D-ECM assays and in vivo using tumors growing on chorioallantois membranes. Furthermore, MMP9 enhances PKD2-mediated tumor angiogenesis by releasing extracellular matrix–bound vascular endothelial growth factor A, increasing its bioavailability and angiogenesis. Of interest, specific knockdown of PKD1 in PKD2-expressing pancreatic cancer cells further enhanced the invasive properties in 3D-ECM systems by generating a high-motility phenotype. Loss of PKD1 thus may be beneficial for tumor cells to enhance their matrix-invading abilities. In conclusion, we define for the first time PKD1 and 2 isoform–selective effects on pancreatic cancer cell invasion and angiogenesis, in vitro and in vivo, addressing PKD isoform specificity as a major factor for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wille
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Fuchs SY. Hope and fear for interferon: the receptor-centric outlook on the future of interferon therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:211-25. [PMID: 23570388 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After several decades of intense clinical research, the great promise of Type I interferons (IFN1) as the anticancer wonder drugs that could cure or, at the very least, curb the progression of various oncological diseases has regrettably failed to deliver. Severe side effects and low efficacy of IFN1-based pharmaceutics greatly limited use of these drugs and further reduced the enthusiasm of clinical oncologists for future optimization of IFN1-based therapeutic modalities. Incredibly, extensive clinical studies to assess the efficacy of IFN1 alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs have not been paralleled by an equal scope in defining the determinants that confer cell sensitivity or refractoriness to IFN1. Given that all effects of IFN1 on malignant and benign cells alike are mediated by its receptor, the mechanisms regulating these receptor cell surface levels should play a paramount role in shaping the magnitude and duration of IFN1-elicited effects. These mechanisms and their role in controlling IFN1 responses, as well as an ability of a growing tumor to commandeer these events, are the focus of our review. We postulate that activation of numerous signaling pathways leading to elimination of IFN1 receptor occurs in cancer cells and benign cells that contribute to tumor tissue. We further hypothesize that activation of these eliminative pathways enables the escape from IFN1-driven suppression of tumorigenesis and elicits the primary refractoriness of tumor to the pharmaceutical IFN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA.
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Borges S, Storz P. Protein kinase D isoforms: new targets for therapy in invasive breast cancers? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2013; 13:895-8. [PMID: 23944680 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2013.816460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hollenbach M, Stoll SJ, Jörgens K, Seufferlein T, Kroll J. Different regulation of physiological and tumor angiogenesis in zebrafish by protein kinase D1 (PKD1). PLoS One 2013; 8:e68033. [PMID: 23874489 PMCID: PMC3706615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D isoenzymes (PKDs, Prkds) are serine threonine kinases that belong to the CAMK superfamily. PKD1 is expressed in endothelial cells and is a major mediator of biological responses downstream of the VEGFRs that are relevant for angiogenesis such as endothelial cell migration, proliferation and tubulogenesis in vitro. PKDs also play a critical role in tumor development and progression, including tumor angiogenesis. However, given the plethora of signaling modules that drive angiogenesis, the precise role of PKD1 in both physiological and tumor angiogenesis in vivo has not been worked out so far. This study aimed at dissecting the contribution of PKD1 to physiological blood vessel formation, PKD1 was found to be widely expressed during zebrafish development. As far as physiological angiogenesis was concerned, morpholino-based silencing of PKD1 expression moderately reduced the formation of the intersomitic vessels and the dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel in tg(fli1:EGFP) zebrafish. In addition, silencing of PKD1 resulted in reduced formation of the parachordal lymphangioblasts that serves as a precursor for the developing thoracic duct. Interestingly, tumor angiogenesis was completely abolished in PKD1 morphants using the zebrafish/tumor xenograft angiogenesis assay. Our data in zebrafish demonstrate that PKD1 contributes to the regulation of physiological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis during zebrafish development and is essential for tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Hollenbach
- Department of Vascular Biology & Tumorangiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Sandra Jasmin Stoll
- Department of Vascular Biology & Tumorangiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Jörgens
- Department of Vascular Biology & Tumorangiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology & Tumorangiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
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Olayioye MA, Barisic S, Hausser A. Multi-level control of actin dynamics by protein kinase D. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1739-47. [PMID: 23688773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic actin remodeling is fundamental to processes such as cell motility, vesicle trafficking, and cytokinesis. Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine-threonine kinase known to be involved in diverse biological functions ranging from vesicle fission at the Golgi complex to regulation of cell motility and invasion. This review addresses the role of PKD in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton with a particular emphasis on the substrates associated with this function. We further highlight the multi-level control of actin dynamics by PKD and suggest that the tight spatio-temporal control of PKD activity is critical for the coordination of directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monilola A Olayioye
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Ferguson DP, Schmitt EE, Lightfoot JT. Vivo-morpholinos induced transient knockdown of physical activity related proteins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61472. [PMID: 23630592 PMCID: PMC3632599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is associated with disease prevention and overall wellbeing. Additionally there has been evidence that physical activity level is a result of genetic influence. However, there has not been a reliable method to silence candidate genes in vivo to determine causal mechanisms of physical activity regulation. Vivo-morpholinos are a potential method to transiently silence specific genes. Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the use of Vivo-morpholinos in a mouse model for voluntary physical activity with several sub-objectives. We observed that Vivo-morpholinos achieved between 60–97% knockdown of Drd1-, Vmat2-, and Glut4-protein in skeletal muscle, the delivery moiety of Vivo-morpholinos (scramble) did not influence physical activity and that a cocktail of multiple Vivo-morpholinos can be given in a single treatment to achieve protein knockdown of two different targeted proteins in skeletal muscle simultaneously. Knocking down Drd1, Vmat2, or Glut4 protein in skeletal muscle did not affect physical activity. Vivo-morpholinos injected intravenously alone did not significantly knockdown Vmat2-protein expression in the brain (p = 0.28). However, the use of a bradykinin analog to increase blood-brain-barrier permeability in conjunction with the Vivo-morpholinos significantly (p = 0.0001) decreased Vmat2-protein in the brain with a corresponding later over-expression of Vmat2 coincident with a significant (p = 0.0016) increase in physical activity. We conclude that Vivo-morpholinos can be a valuable tool in determining causal gene-phenotype relationships in whole animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Ferguson
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America.
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Definitive Endoderm Formation from Plucked Human Hair-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and SK Channel Regulation. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:360573. [PMID: 23710194 PMCID: PMC3654369 DOI: 10.1155/2013/360573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells present an extraordinary powerful tool to investigate embryonic development in humans. Essentially, they provide a unique platform for dissecting the distinct mechanisms underlying pluripotency and subsequent lineage commitment. Modest information currently exists about the expression and the role of ion channels during human embryogenesis, organ development, and cell fate determination. Of note, small and intermediate conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels have been reported to modify stem cell behaviour and differentiation. These channels are broadly expressed throughout human tissues and are involved in various cellular processes, such as the after-hyperpolarization in excitable cells, and also in differentiation processes. To this end, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) generated from plucked human hair keratinocytes have been exploited in vitro to recapitulate endoderm formation and, concomitantly, used to map the expression of the SK channel (SKCa) subtypes over time. Thus, we report the successful generation of definitive endoderm from hiPSCs of ectodermal origin using a highly reproducible and robust differentiation system. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence that SKCas subtypes are dynamically regulated in the transition from a pluripotent stem cell to a more lineage restricted, endodermal progeny.
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Bernhart E, Damm S, Wintersperger A, DeVaney T, Zimmer A, Raynham T, Ireson C, Sattler W. Protein kinase D2 regulates migration and invasion of U87MG glioblastoma cells in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2037-2048. [PMID: 23562655 PMCID: PMC3715702 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, which, despite combined modality treatment, reoccurs and is invariably fatal for affected patients. Recently, a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase D (PRKD) family, PRKD2, was shown to be a potent mediator of glioblastoma growth. Here we studied the role of PRKD2 in U87MG glioblastoma cell migration and invasion in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an activator of PRKD2 and a GBM mitogen. Time-lapse microscopy demonstrated that random cell migration was significantly diminished in response to PRKD2 silencing. The pharmacological PRKD family inhibitor CRT0066101 decreased chemotactic migration and invasion across uncoated or matrigel-coated Transwell inserts. Silencing of PRKD2 attenuated migration and invasion of U87MG cells even more effectively. In terms of downstream signaling, CRT0066101 prevented PRKD2 autophosphorylation and inhibited p44/42 MAPK and to a smaller extent p54/46 JNK and p38 MAPK activation. PRKD2 silencing impaired activation of p44/42 MAPK and p54/46 JNK, downregulated nuclear c-Jun protein levels and decreased c-JunS73 phosphorylation without affecting the NFκB pathway. Finally, qPCR array analyses revealed that silencing of PRKD2 downregulates mRNA levels of integrin alpha-2 and -4 (ITGA2 and -4), plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU), plasminogen activator urokinase receptor (PLAUR), and matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1). Findings of the present study identify PRKD2 as a potential target to interfere with glioblastoma cell migration and invasion, two major determinants contributing to recurrence of glioblastoma after multimodality treatment. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces glioma cell migration and invasion. Part of the effects is mediated by protein kinase D2 (PRKD2) activation. Inactivation of PRKD2 attenuates glioblastoma cell migration and invasion. Both, RNAi and pharmacological inhibition of PRKD2 inhibits MAPK signaling. PRKD2 regulates transcription of gene products implicated in migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabine Damm
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Wintersperger
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Trevor DeVaney
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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