1
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Pereira F, Fernández-Barral A, Larriba MJ, Barbáchano A, González-Sancho JM. From molecular basis to clinical insights: a challenging future for the vitamin D endocrine system in colorectal cancer. FEBS J 2024; 291:2485-2518. [PMID: 37699548 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life-threatening neoplasias in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of CRC. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the most active vitamin D metabolite, is a pleiotropic hormone that, through its binding to a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 acts on colon carcinoma and stromal cells and displays tumor protective actions. Here, we review the variety of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in CRC, which affect multiple processes that are dysregulated during tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiological data that associate vitamin D deficiency and CRC, and the most relevant randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation conducted in both healthy individuals and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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2
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Martinez-Campanario MC, Cortés M, Moreno-Lanceta A, Han L, Ninfali C, Domínguez V, Andrés-Manzano MJ, Farràs M, Esteve-Codina A, Enrich C, Díaz-Crespo FJ, Pintado B, Escolà-Gil JC, García de Frutos P, Andrés V, Melgar-Lesmes P, Postigo A. Atherosclerotic plaque development in mice is enhanced by myeloid ZEB1 downregulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8316. [PMID: 38097578 PMCID: PMC10721632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43896-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages within the arterial neointima is a critical step in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Here, we show that reduced levels of the cellular plasticity factor ZEB1 in macrophages increase atherosclerotic plaque formation and the chance of cardiovascular events. Compared to control counterparts (Zeb1WT/ApoeKO), male mice with Zeb1 ablation in their myeloid cells (Zeb1∆M/ApoeKO) have larger atherosclerotic plaques and higher lipid accumulation in their macrophages due to delayed lipid traffic and deficient cholesterol efflux. Zeb1∆M/ApoeKO mice display more pronounced systemic metabolic alterations than Zeb1WT/ApoeKO mice, with higher serum levels of low-density lipoproteins and inflammatory cytokines and larger ectopic fat deposits. Higher lipid accumulation in Zeb1∆M macrophages is reverted by the exogenous expression of Zeb1 through macrophage-targeted nanoparticles. In vivo administration of these nanoparticles reduces atherosclerotic plaque formation in Zeb1∆M/ApoeKO mice. Finally, low ZEB1 expression in human endarterectomies is associated with plaque rupture and cardiovascular events. These results set ZEB1 in macrophages as a potential target in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Martinez-Campanario
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlies Cortés
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alazne Moreno-Lanceta
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lu Han
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Domínguez
- Transgenesis Facility, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB) and Center for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM-CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Andrés-Manzano
- Group of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical, Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau, University Autonomous of Barcelona, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Enrich
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of signal transduction, intracellular compartments and cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Díaz-Crespo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pintado
- Transgenesis Facility, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB) and Center for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (UAM-CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan C Escolà-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Research Sant Pau, University Autonomous of Barcelona, 08041, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo García de Frutos
- Center for Biomedical, Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department Of Cell Death and Proliferation, Institute for Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Group of Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical, Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Targets Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, J.G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
- ICREA, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T. Mutual regulation of TGFβ-induced oncogenic EMT, cell cycle progression and the DDR. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:86-103. [PMID: 38029866 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ signaling and the DNA damage response (DDR) are two cellular toolboxes with a strong impact on cancer biology. While TGFβ as a pleiotropic cytokine affects essentially all hallmarks of cancer, the multifunctional DDR mostly orchestrates cell cycle progression, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling and cell death. One oncogenic effect of TGFβ is the partial activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), conferring invasiveness, cellular plasticity and resistance to various noxae. Several reports show that both individual networks as well as their interface affect chemo-/radiotherapies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly resolved. EMT often correlates with TGFβ-induced slowing of proliferation, yet numerous studies demonstrate that particularly the co-activated EMT transcription factors counteract anti-proliferative signaling in a partially non-redundant manner. Collectively, evidence piled up over decades underscore a multifaceted, reciprocal inter-connection of TGFβ signaling / EMT with the DDR / cell cycle progression, which we will discuss here. Altogether, we conclude that full cell cycle arrest is barely compatible with the propagation of oncogenic EMT traits and further propose that 'EMT-linked DDR plasticity' is a crucial, yet intricate facet of malignancy, decisively affecting metastasis formation and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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4
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Sánchez-Tilló E, Pedrosa L, Vila I, Chen Y, Győrffy B, Sánchez-Moral L, Siles L, Lozano JJ, Esteve-Codina A, Darling DS, Cuatrecasas M, Castells A, Maurel J, Postigo A. The EMT factor ZEB1 paradoxically inhibits EMT in BRAF-mutant carcinomas. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164629. [PMID: 37870961 PMCID: PMC10619495 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being in the same pathway, mutations of KRAS and BRAF in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) determine distinct progression courses. ZEB1 induces an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and is associated with worse progression in most carcinomas. Using samples from patients with CRC, mouse models of KrasG12D and BrafV600E CRC, and a Zeb1-deficient mouse, we show that ZEB1 had opposite functions in KRAS- and BRAF-mutant CRCs. In KrasG12D CRCs, ZEB1 was correlated with a worse prognosis and a higher number of larger and undifferentiated (mesenchymal or EMT-like) tumors. Surprisingly, in BrafV600E CRC, ZEB1 was associated with better prognosis; fewer, smaller, and more differentiated (reduced EMT) primary tumors; and fewer metastases. ZEB1 was positively correlated in KRAS-mutant CRC cells and negatively in BRAF-mutant CRC cells with gene signatures for EMT, cell proliferation and survival, and ERK signaling. On a mechanistic level, ZEB1 knockdown in KRAS-mutant CRC cells increased apoptosis and reduced clonogenicity and anchorage-independent growth; the reverse occurred in BRAFV600E CRC cells. ZEB1 is associated with better prognosis and reduced EMT signature in patients harboring BRAF CRCs. These data suggest that ZEB1 can function as a tumor suppressor in BRAF-mutant CRCs, highlighting the importance of considering the KRAS/BRAF mutational background of CRCs in therapeutic strategies targeting ZEB1/EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Sánchez-Tilló
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology, Department of Liver, Digestive System and Metabolism, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leire Pedrosa
- Group of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, and Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ingrid Vila
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yongxu Chen
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences (TKK), and Department of Bioinformatics and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Moral
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Siles
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan J. Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, CIBEREHD, ISCIII, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- National Centre for Genomic Analysis (CNAG) Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas S. Darling
- Department of Oral Immunology, and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Miriam Cuatrecasas
- Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Molecular Pathology of Inflammatory Conditions and Solid Tumours, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic and University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Castells
- Group of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology, Department of Liver, Digestive System and Metabolism, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic and University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Maurel
- Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, and Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Gene Regulation in Stem Cells, Cell Plasticity, Differentiation, and Cancer, Department of Oncology and Hematology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases (CIBEREHD), Carlos III National Health Institute (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Molecular Targets Program, Department of Medicine, J.G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Swahn H, Li K, Duffy T, Olmer M, D'Lima DD, Mondala TS, Natarajan P, Head SR, Lotz MK. Senescent cell population with ZEB1 transcription factor as its main regulator promotes osteoarthritis in cartilage and meniscus. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:403-415. [PMID: 36564153 PMCID: PMC10076001 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Single-cell level analysis of articular cartilage and meniscus tissues from human healthy and osteoarthritis (OA) knees. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses were performed on articular cartilage and meniscus tissues from healthy (n=6, n=7) and OA (n=6, n=6) knees. Expression of genes of interest was validated using immunohistochemistry and RNA-seq and function was analysed by gene overexpression and depletion. RESULTS scRNA-seq analyses of human knee articular cartilage (70 972 cells) and meniscus (78 017 cells) identified a pathogenic subset that is shared between both tissues. This cell population is expanded in OA and has strong OA and senescence gene signatures. Further, this subset has critical roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) and tenascin signalling and is the dominant sender of signals to all other cartilage and meniscus clusters and a receiver of TGFβ signalling. Fibroblast activating protein (FAP) is also a dysregulated gene in this cluster and promotes ECM degradation. Regulons that are controlled by transcription factor ZEB1 are shared between the pathogenic subset in articular cartilage and meniscus. In meniscus and cartilage cells, FAP and ZEB1 promote expression of genes that contribute to OA pathogenesis, including senescence. CONCLUSIONS These single-cell studies identified a senescent pathogenic cell cluster that is present in cartilage and meniscus and has FAP and ZEB1 as main regulators which are novel and promising therapeutic targets for OA-associated pathways in both tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Swahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tomas Duffy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Darryl D D'Lima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, Scripps Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony S Mondala
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jola, California, USA
| | - Padmaja Natarajan
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jola, California, USA
| | - Steven R Head
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics and Genomics Core, Scripps Research, La Jola, California, USA
| | - Martin K Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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6
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Schuhwerk H, Kleemann J, Gupta P, van Roey R, Armstark I, Kreileder M, Feldker N, Ramesh V, Hajjaj Y, Fuchs K, Mahapatro M, Hribersek M, Volante M, Groenewoud A, Engel FB, Ceppi P, Eckstein M, Hartmann A, Müller F, Kroll T, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T. The EMT transcription factor ZEB1 governs a fitness-promoting but vulnerable DNA replication stress response. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111819. [PMID: 36516781 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are two crucial cellular programs in cancer biology. While the DDR orchestrates cell-cycle progression, DNA repair, and cell death, EMT promotes invasiveness, cellular plasticity, and intratumor heterogeneity. Therapeutic targeting of EMT transcription factors, such as ZEB1, remains challenging, but tumor-promoting DDR alterations elicit specific vulnerabilities. Using multi-omics, inhibitors, and high-content microscopy, we discover a chemoresistant ZEB1-high-expressing sub-population (ZEB1hi) with co-rewired cell-cycle progression and proficient DDR across tumor entities. ZEB1 stimulates accelerated S-phase entry via CDK6, inflicting endogenous DNA replication stress. However, DDR buildups involving constitutive MRE11-dependent fork resection allow homeostatic cycling and enrichment of ZEB1hi cells during transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced EMT and chemotherapy. Thus, ZEB1 promotes G1/S transition to launch a progressive DDR benefitting stress tolerance, which concurrently manifests a targetable vulnerability in chemoresistant ZEB1hi cells. Our study thus highlights the translationally relevant intercept of the DDR and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Julia Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pooja Gupta
- Core Unit for Bioinformatics, Data Integration and Analysis, Center for Medical Information and Communication Technology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen Germany
| | - Ruthger van Roey
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Isabell Armstark
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martina Kreileder
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nora Feldker
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vignesh Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Yussuf Hajjaj
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fuchs
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mousumi Mahapatro
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mojca Hribersek
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Volante
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Arwin Groenewoud
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Ceppi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen Germany
| | - Torsten Kroll
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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7
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Wang M, Wu Y, He Y, Liu J, Chen Y, Huang J, Qi G, Li P. SIRT1 upregulation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inducing senescence escape in endometriosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12302. [PMID: 35853978 PMCID: PMC9296487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial epithelial cells carry distinct cancer-associated alterations that may be more susceptible to endometriosis. Mouse models have shown that overexpression of SIRT1 associated with oncogene activation contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis, but the underlying reason remains elusive. Here, we used integrated systems biology analysis and found that enrichment of endometrial stromal fibroblasts in endometriosis and their cellular abundance correlated negatively with epithelial cells in clinical specimens. Furthermore, endometrial epithelial cells were characterized by significant overexpression of SIRT1, which is involved in triggering the EMT switch by escaping damage or oncogene-induced induced senescence in clinical specimens and in vitro human cell line models. This observation supports that genetic and epigenetic incident favors endometrial epithelia cells escape from senescence and fuel EMT process in endometriosis, what could be overcome by downregulation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Wang
- Department of Pathology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518172, China.,Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yunbiao He
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yingxing Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jieqiong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Guolong Qi
- Department of Medical Statistics, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinan University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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8
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The kinase activity of integrin-linked kinase regulates cellular senescence in gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:577. [PMID: 35778385 PMCID: PMC9249761 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The activity of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in cancerous cells is often oncogenic and associated with malignant properties, such as uncontrolled cell cycle progression and evasion from senescence. However, the role of ILK in cellular senescence in gastric cancer (GC) has not been previously examined. We generated single-cell clones of ILK knock-out using CRISPR-Cas9 in human GC lines with mesenchymal or epithelial histology. Cells with no residual ILK expression exhibited strong cellular senescence with diminished clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Surprisingly, ILK loss-induced cellular senescence appeared to be independent of its function in integrin signaling. The low dose of CPD22, a small molecule inhibitor of ILK activity-induced senescence in three GC cell lines with different histologies. Furthermore, senescent cells with ILK depletion transfected with N-terminal truncated ILK mutant remaining catalytic domains displayed the reduction of senescent phenotypes. RNA sequencing and cytokine array results revealed the enrichment of multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in GC lines in the absence of ILK. Our study identified the important role and the potential mechanism of ILK in the cellular senescence of cancerous epithelial cells. The inhibition of ILK activity using small molecule compounds could have a pro-senescent effect as a therapeutic option for GC.
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9
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Corujo D, Malinverni R, Carrillo-Reixach J, Meers O, Garcia-Jaraquemada A, Le Pannérer MM, Valero V, Pérez A, Del Río-Álvarez Á, Royo L, Pérez-González B, Raurell H, Acemel RD, Santos-Pereira JM, Garrido-Pontnou M, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Pasquali L, Manyé J, Armengol C, Buschbeck M. MacroH2As regulate enhancer-promoter contacts affecting enhancer activity and sensitivity to inflammatory cytokines. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110988. [PMID: 35732123 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MacroH2A histone variants have a function in gene regulation that is poorly understood at the molecular level. We report that macroH2A1.2 and macroH2A2 modulate the transcriptional ground state of cancer cells and how they respond to inflammatory cytokines. Removal of macroH2A1.2 and macroH2A2 in hepatoblastoma cells affects the contact frequency of promoters and distal enhancers coinciding with changes in enhancer activity or preceding them in response to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. Although macroH2As regulate genes in both directions, they globally facilitate the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated response. In contrast, macroH2As suppress the response to the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma. MacroH2A2 has a stronger contribution to gene repression than macroH2A1.2. Taken together, our results suggest that macroH2As have a role in regulating the response of cancer cells to inflammatory signals on the level of chromatin structure. This is likely relevant for the interaction of cancer cells with immune cells of their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Corujo
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Roberto Malinverni
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Juan Carrillo-Reixach
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Oliver Meers
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Doctoral Programme in Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Arce Garcia-Jaraquemada
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Marguerite-Marie Le Pannérer
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; PhD Programme in Biomedicine, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Vanesa Valero
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Pérez
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Álvaro Del Río-Álvarez
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Laura Royo
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-González
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Helena Raurell
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Rafael D Acemel
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - José M Santos-Pereira
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Pasquali
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- IBD Research Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Liver and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus ICO-GTP-UAB, Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain; Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona 08916, Spain.
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10
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LncRNA ZEB1-AS1 knockdown alleviates oxidative low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial cell injury via the miR-590-5p/HDAC9 axis. Cent Eur J Immunol 2021; 46:325-335. [PMID: 34764804 PMCID: PMC8574104 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2021.108767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is thought to induce vascular endothelial cell injury, which contributes to the aetiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Several previous reports have identified that lncRNA ZEB1-AS1 participates in the regulatory mechanisms of endothelial cell injury, but the potential interaction mechanism between ZEB1-AS1 and miR-590-5p in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell damage is not clear. ZEB1-AS1 and miR-590-5p expression were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells. The proliferation and apoptosis were determined by MTT and Annexin V/PI double-staining assay, respectively. The protein expression of HDAC9, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP were measured by western blot analysis. Dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays affirmed the functional targets of ZEB1-AS1. ZEB1-AS1 expression was upregulated in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, and miR-590-5p was lessened in a dose- or time-depended manner, respectively. Knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 facilitated ox-LDL-treated endothelial cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis. Moreover, miR-590-5p was directly targeted via ZEB1-AS1 in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. ZEB1-AS1 silencing attenuated ox-LDL-induced cell injury via regulation of miR-590-5p expression. Furthermore, HDAC9 reversed the influence of miR-590-5p on propagation and apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced endothelial cells. Knockdown of ZEB1-AS1 alleviates ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell injury by regulating the miR-590-5p/HDAC9 axis.
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11
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Complete loss of miR-200 family induces EMT associated cellular senescence in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2021; 41:26-36. [PMID: 34667277 PMCID: PMC8724006 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition) subtype of gastric cancer (GC) is associated with poor treatment responses and unfavorable clinical outcomes. Despite the broad physiological roles of the micro-RNA (miR)-200 family, they largely serve to maintain the overall epithelial phenotype. However, during late-stage gastric tumorigenesis, members of the miR-200 family are markedly suppressed, resulting in the transition to the mesenchymal state and the acquisition of invasive properties. As such, the miR-200 family represents a robust molecular marker of EMT, and subsequently, disease severity and prognosis. Most reports have studied the effect of single miR-200 family member knockdown. Here, we employ a multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate a complete miR-200 family knockout (FKO) to investigate their collective and summative role in regulating key cellular processes during GC pathogenesis. Genetic deletion of all miR-200s in the human GC cell lines induced potent morphological alterations, G1/S cell cycle arrest, increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β−Gal) activity, and aberrant metabolism, collectively resembling the senescent phenotype. Coupling RNA-seq data with publicly available datasets, we revealed a clear separation of senescent and non-senescent states amongst FKO cells and control cells, respectively. Further analysis identified key senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components in FKO cells and a positive feedback loop for maintenance of the senescent state controlled by activation of TGF-β and TNF-α pathways. Finally, we showed that miR-200 FKO associated senescence in cancer epithelial cells significantly recruited stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Our work has identified a new role of miR-200 family members which function as an integrated unit serving to link senescence with EMT, two major conserved biological processes.
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12
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Hsu CJ, Meers O, Buschbeck M, Heidel FH. The Role of MacroH2A Histone Variants in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123003. [PMID: 34203934 PMCID: PMC8232725 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome that is composed of DNA wrapped around a core of eight histone proteins. Histone variants can replace ‘standard’ histones at specific sites of the genome. Thus, histone variants modulate all functions in the context of chromatin, such as gene expression. Here, we provide a concise review on a group of histone variants termed macroH2A. They contain two additional domains that contribute to their increased size. We discuss how these domains mediate molecular functions in normal cells and the role of macroH2As in gene expression and cancer. Abstract The epigenome regulates gene expression and provides a molecular memory of cellular events. A growing body of evidence has highlighted the importance of epigenetic regulation in physiological tissue homeostasis and malignant transformation. Among epigenetic mechanisms, the replacement of replication-coupled histones with histone variants is the least understood. Due to differences in protein sequence and genomic distribution, histone variants contribute to the plasticity of the epigenome. Here, we focus on the family of macroH2A histone variants that are particular in having a tripartite structure consisting of a histone fold, an intrinsically disordered linker and a globular macrodomain. We discuss how these domains mediate different molecular functions related to chromatin architecture, transcription and DNA repair. Dysregulated expression of macroH2A histone variants has been observed in different subtypes of cancer and has variable prognostic impact, depending on cellular context and molecular background. We aim to provide a concise review regarding the context- and isoform-dependent contributions of macroH2A histone variants to cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jen Hsu
- Internal Medicine C, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Oliver Meers
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
| | - Marcus Buschbeck
- Cancer and Leukaemia Epigenetics and Biology Program, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain;
- Program for Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (PMPPC-IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (F.H.H.); Tel.: +34-935-572-800 (M.B.); +49-383-486-6698 (F.H.H.); Fax: +49-383-486-6713 (F.H.H.)
| | - Florian H. Heidel
- Internal Medicine C, Greifswald University Medicine, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann Institute, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (F.H.H.); Tel.: +34-935-572-800 (M.B.); +49-383-486-6698 (F.H.H.); Fax: +49-383-486-6713 (F.H.H.)
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer has served as a genetic and biological paradigm for the evolution of solid tumors, and these insights have illuminated early detection, risk stratification, prevention, and treatment principles. Employing the hallmarks of cancer framework, we provide a conceptual framework to understand how genetic alterations in colorectal cancer drive cancer cell biology properties and shape the heterotypic interactions across cells in the tumor microenvironment. This review details research advances pertaining to the genetics and biology of colorectal cancer, emerging concepts gleaned from immune and single-cell profiling, and critical advances and remaining knowledge gaps influencing the development of effective therapies for this cancer that remains a major public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexi Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xingdi Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shabnam Shalapour
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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14
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The diagnostic and prognostic value of H2AFY in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:418. [PMID: 33858382 PMCID: PMC8051056 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08161-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential correlation between H2AFY (also known as MacroH2A1) and the clinical characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients was analysed through gene expression profiles and clinical data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the diagnostic and prognostic value of H2AFY in HCC was discussed. Methods The gene expression data of HCC and the corresponding clinical characteristics of HCC patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. The differences in H2AFY in normal liver tissues and HCC were analysed. The relationship between H2AFY and clinical characteristics was analysed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, logistic regression and Kruskal-Wallis test. The Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression method were used to analyse the relationship between overall survival and clinical characteristics of the patients. An ROC curve was used to predict the diagnostic value of H2AFY in HCC. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to analyse the pathway enrichment of H2AFY. Result Compared with normal liver tissues, H2AFY was significantly highly expressed in HCC. H2AFY was positively correlated with the age, clinical stage, G stage (grade) and T stage (tumor stage) of liver cancer patients. Higher H2AFY expression predicted a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Cox regression analysis suggested that H2AFY was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of HCC patients. The ROC curve suggested that H2AFY had certain diagnostic value in HCC. GSEA suggested that H2AFY was correlated with lipid metabolism and a variety of tumour pathways. Conclusion Our study showed that H2AFY was significantly overexpressed in HCC. H2AFY may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for HCC, and high expression of H2AFY predicts a poor prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease characterized by loss of cellular homeostasis through genetic and epigenetic alterations. Emerging evidence highlights a role for histone variants and their dedicated chaperones in cancer initiation and progression. Histone variants are involved in processes as diverse as maintenance of genome integrity, nuclear architecture and cell identity. On a molecular level, histone variants add a layer of complexity to the dynamic regulation of transcription, DNA replication and repair, and mitotic chromosome segregation. Because these functions are critical to ensure normal proliferation and maintenance of cellular fate, cancer cells are defined by their capacity to subvert them. Hijacking histone variants and their chaperones is emerging as a common means to disrupt homeostasis across a wide range of cancers, particularly solid tumours. Here we discuss histone variants and histone chaperones as tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressive players in the pathogenesis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dan Filipescu
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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16
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LncRNA SNHG15 regulates EGFR-TKI acquired resistance in lung adenocarcinoma through sponging miR-451 to upregulate MDR-1. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:525. [PMID: 32655137 PMCID: PMC7354989 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main component of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and causes a great health concern globally. The top priority of LUAD treatment is to deal with gefitinib resistance. Long non-coding RNAs are certified to modify gefitinib resistance in the course of tumor aggravation. The study focuses on addressing the function of small nucleolar RNA host gene 15 (SNHG15) on modifying gefitinib resistance in LUAD. Previously, NOTCH pathway is implicated in LUAD chemo-resistance. SNHG15 level was boosted following the depletion of NOTCH-1 in A549/GR and H1975/GR cells. Functional studies indicated that SNHG15 and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1) were overexpressed and possess tumor-promoting functions in gefitinib-resistant LUAD cells while miR-451 was downregulated and possess tumor-suppressive behaviors in gefitinib-resistant LUAD cells. Mechanically, the SNHG15 was cytoplasmically distributed in GR LUAD cells. In addition, SNHG15 released MDR-1 from the suppression of miR-451, leading to MDR-1 promotion. In addition, the elevation of SNHG15 could be attributed to ZEB1. Rescue assays highlighted that downstream molecules MDR-1 and miR-451 could reverse the effects of SNHG15 downregulation on gefitinib-resistant LUAD cells. SNHG15 could alter chemo-resistance of LUAD cells to Gefitinib via regulating miR-451/MDR-1, which could be inspiring findings for the advancement of chemo-therapies for LUAD.
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Faheem MM, Seligson ND, Ahmad SM, Rasool RU, Gandhi SG, Bhagat M, Goswami A. Convergence of therapy-induced senescence (TIS) and EMT in multistep carcinogenesis: current opinions and emerging perspectives. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:51. [PMID: 32566256 PMCID: PMC7295779 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug induced resistance is a widespread problem in the clinical management of cancer. Cancer cells, when exposed to cytotoxic drugs, can reprogram their cellular machinery and resist cell death. Evasion of cell death mechanisms, such as apoptosis and necroptosis, are part of a transcriptional reprogramming that cancer cells utilize to mediate cytotoxic threats. An additional strategy adopted by cancer cells to resist cell death is to initiate the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. EMT is a trans-differentiation process which facilitates a motile phenotype in cancer cells which can be induced when cells are challenged by specific classes of cytotoxic drugs. Induction of EMT in malignant cells also results in drug resistance. In this setting, therapy-induced senescence (TIS), an enduring "proliferative arrest", serves as an alternate approach against cancer because cancer cells remain susceptible to induced senescence. The molecular processes of senescence have proved challenging to understand. Senescence has previously been described solely as a tumor-suppressive mechanism; however, recent evidences suggest that senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can contribute to tumor progression. SASP has also been identified to contribute to EMT induction. Even though the causes of senescence and EMT induction can be wholly different from each other, a functional link between EMT and senescence is still obscure. In this review, we summarize the evidence of potential cross-talk between EMT and senescence while highlighting some of the most commonly identified molecular players. This review will shed light on these two intertwined and highly conserved cellular process, while providing background of the therapeutic implications of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Mohd Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Nathan D. Seligson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, The University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA
- Department of Pharmacogenomics and Translational Research, Nemours Children’s Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Syed Mudabir Ahmad
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Reyaz Ur Rasool
- Perelman School of Medicine, Cancer Biology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sumit G. Gandhi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
| | - Madhulika Bhagat
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001 India
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18
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de Barrios O, Sanchez-Moral L, Cortés M, Ninfali C, Profitós-Pelejà N, Martínez-Campanario MC, Siles L, Del Campo R, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Darling DS, Castells A, Maurel J, Salas A, Dean DC, Postigo A. ZEB1 promotes inflammation and progression towards inflammation-driven carcinoma through repression of the DNA repair glycosylase MPG in epithelial cells. Gut 2019; 68:2129-2141. [PMID: 31366457 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation is a risk factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) released by the inflamed stroma elicit DNA damage in epithelial cells. We sought to identify new drivers of ulcerative colitis (UC) and inflammatory CRC. DESIGN The study uses samples from patients with UC, mouse models of colitis and CRC and mice deficient for the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factor ZEB1 and the DNA repair glycosylase N-methyl-purine glycosylase (MPG). Samples were analysed by immunostaining, qRT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, microbiota next-generation sequencing and ROS determination. RESULTS ZEB1 was induced in the colonic epithelium of UC and of mouse models of colitis. Compared with wild-type counterparts, Zeb1-deficient mice were partially protected from experimental colitis and, in a model of inflammatory CRC, they developed fewer tumours and exhibited lower levels of DNA damage (8-oxo-dG) and higher expression of MPG. Knockdown of ZEB1 in CRC cells inhibited 8-oxo-dG induction by oxidative stress (H2O2) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)1β). ZEB1 bound directly to the MPG promoter whose expression inhibited. This molecular mechanism was validated at the genetic level and the crossing of Zeb1-deficient and Mpg-deficient mice reverted the reduced inflammation and tumourigenesis in the former. ZEB1 expression in CRC cells induced ROS and IL1β production by macrophages that, in turn, lowered MPG in CRC cells thus amplifying a positive loop between both cells to promote DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair. CONCLUSIONS ZEB1 promotes colitis and inflammatory CRC through the inhibition of MPG in epithelial cells, thus offering new therapeutic strategies to modulate inflammation and inflammatory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriol de Barrios
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sanchez-Moral
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlies Cortés
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Profitós-Pelejà
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M C Martínez-Campanario
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Siles
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Dept of Microbiology, Hospital Ramon y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Spanish Network of Infectious Diseases (REIPI), National Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Douglas S Darling
- Dept of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases and Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Antoni Castells
- Dept of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Team, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Maurel
- Group of Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumours, Dept of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Dept of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas C Dean
- Dept of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Dept of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
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Ninfali C, Siles L, Darling DS, Postigo A. Regulation of muscle atrophy-related genes by the opposing transcriptional activities of ZEB1/CtBP and FOXO3. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:10697-10708. [PMID: 30304480 PMCID: PMC6237734 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple physiopathological and clinical conditions trigger skeletal muscle atrophy through the induction of a group of proteins (atrogenes) that includes components of the ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems. Atrogenes are induced by FOXO transcription factors, but their regulation is still not fully understood. Here, we showed that the transcription factor ZEB1, best known for promoting tumor progression, inhibits muscle atrophy and atrogene expression by antagonizing FOXO3-mediated induction of atrogenes. Compared to wild-type counterparts, hindlimb immobilization in Zeb1-deficient mice resulted in enhanced muscle atrophy and higher expression of a number of atrogenes, including Atrogin-1/Fbxo32, MuRF1/Trim63, Ctsl, 4ebp1, Gabarapl1, Psma1 and Nrf2. Likewise, in the C2C12 myogenic cell model, ZEB1 knockdown augmented both myotube diameter reduction and atrogene upregulation in response to nutrient deprivation. Mechanistically, ZEB1 directly represses in vitro and in vivo Fbxo32 and Trim63 promoter transcription in a stage-dependent manner and in a reverse pattern with MYOD1. ZEB1 bound to the Fbxo32 promoter in undifferentiated myoblasts and atrophic myotubes, but not in non-atrophic myotubes, where it is displaced by MYOD1. ZEB1 repressed both promoters through CtBP-mediated inhibition of FOXO3 transcriptional activity. These results set ZEB1 as a new target in therapeutic approaches to clinical conditions causing muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Laura Siles
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Spain.,Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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20
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Wang C, Wang M, Xing B, Chi Z, Wang H, Lie C, Dong H. C-terminal of E1A binding protein 1 enhances the migration of gastric epithelial cells and has a clinicopathologic significance in human gastric carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5189-5200. [PMID: 31308691 PMCID: PMC6616302 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s203479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have claimed that the C-terminal of E1A binding proteins (CtBPs) influence tumorigenesis through participating in cell signal transduction in various human tumors. However, the detailed expression profiles of CtBP isoforms in human gastric cancer (GC) and the molecular mechanisms of CtBP involvement in tumor cell phenotypes warrant further investigation. Materials and methods The expression of CtBPs in GC cell lines and a human gastric epithelial cell line were explored via RT-qPCR and Western blotting assays. Moreover, the expression profiles of CtBPs in GC and histologically noncancerous tissues were explored by immunohistochemistry. To explore the effects of CtBP1 on the metastatic phenotype in GC, gastric epithelial cells were transfected with a eukaryotic expression plasmid to overexpress CTBP1, and the endogenous CtBP1 or JAK1 in GC cells was silenced through an RNA interference (RNAi) method. These transfections were validated via Western blotting, and the activation state of the JAK1/Stat3 signaling pathway was also explored via Western blotting. Furthermore, the malignant phenotype of GC cells was evaluated via a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, colony formation assay, transwell assay, and wound-healing experiment. Results Our data revealed that the expression of CtBP1, but not CTBP2, was upregulated in 102 GC tissue samples compared with 98 noncancerous tissue samples, and the elevated expression level of CtBP1 was notably associated with distant metastasis. CTBP1 modulated cell migration and invasion through the JAK1/Stat3 signaling pathway in gastric epithelial cells. In addition, genetic silence of CtBP1 expression in GC cells notably constrained cell proliferation, invasion and migration abilities through inhibiting the activation of the JAK1/Stat3 pathway in GC cells. Conclusion Our data reveal that the knockout of CtBP1 notably constrains distant metastasis in GC through the JAK1/Stat3 pathway, suggesting that targeting CtBP1 is a practical anti-tumor approach to restrain tumor progression in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Bocheng Xing
- Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaocheng Chi
- Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Internal Medicine of Abdominal Tumors, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Lie
- Second Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang P, Yu B, Wang C, Zhou S. C-terminal of E1A binding protein 2 promotes the malignancy of osteosarcoma cells via JAK1/Stat3 signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 14:67-76. [PMID: 31214864 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-019-00523-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the C-terminal of E1A binding proteins (CtBPs) influences tumorigenesis by participating in cell signal transduction in various human malignancies. However, the detailed expression patterns of CtBP isoforms in human osteosarcoma (OS) and the molecular mechanisms of CtBP involvement in tumor cell phenotypes requires further investigation. In the present study, the expression patterns of CtBP2 in OS cells and tissues were explored by immunohistochemistry. Fetal osteoblast cells were transfected with a eukaryotic expression plasmid to overexpress CtBP2, and the endogenous CtBP2 in OS cells was silenced via a short hairpin RNA. These transfections were validated and the phosphorylation levels of the JAK1/Stat3 signaling pathway were explored via western blotting. Furthermore, the malignant phenotype of OS cells was evaluated via a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, cell colony formation assay, cell migration assay and scratch wound healing assay. The results revealed that the expression of CtBP2, but not CtBP1, was upregulated in OS tissue samples and the elevated expression level of CtBP2 was notably associated with distant metastasis. CtBP2 was demonstrated to modulate cell migration and invasion via JAK1/Stat3 signaling pathway in fetal osteoblast cells. In addition, genetic silencing of CtBP2 expression in OS cells notably reduced cell migration abilities and the phosphorylation of the JAK1/Stat3 pathway. In summary, the present studies revealed that the loss of CtBP2 constrained distant metastasis through the JAK1/Stat3 pathway in OS, suggesting that targeting CtBP2 may be a practical anti-tumor approach to prevent OS tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Central Hospital of Zibo, Affiliated with Shandong University, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Benfeng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Hospital of Suihua, Suihua, 152000, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jilin Cancer Hospital, 1018 Huguang Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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22
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Giallongo S, Lo Re O, Vinciguerra M. Macro Histone Variants: Emerging Rheostats of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050676. [PMID: 31096699 PMCID: PMC6562817 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers (GC) are malignancies involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and accessory organs of the digestive system, including the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. GC is one of the most common cancers and contributes to more cancer-related deaths than cancers of any other system in the human body. Causative factors of GC have been consistently attributed to infections, smoking, an unhealthy diet, obesity, diabetes, and genetic factors. More recently, aberrant epigenetic regulation of gene expression has emerged as a new, fundamental pathway in GC pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of the macroH2A histone family in GI cell function and malignant transformation, and highlight how this histone family may open up novel biomarkers for cancer detection, prediction, and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Giallongo
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Oriana Lo Re
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London NW32PF, UK.
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23
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Siles L, Ninfali C, Cortés M, Darling DS, Postigo A. ZEB1 protects skeletal muscle from damage and is required for its regeneration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1364. [PMID: 30910999 PMCID: PMC6434033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms linking muscle injury and regeneration are not fully understood. Here we report an unexpected role for ZEB1 regulating inflammatory and repair responses in dystrophic and acutely injured muscles. ZEB1 is upregulated in the undamaged and regenerating myofibers of injured muscles. Compared to wild-type counterparts, Zeb1-deficient injured muscles exhibit enhanced damage that corresponds with a retarded p38-MAPK-dependent transition of their macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Zeb1-deficient injured muscles also display a delayed and poorer regeneration that is accounted by the retarded anti-inflammatory macrophage transition and their intrinsically deficient muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Macrophages in Zeb1-deficient injured muscles show lower phosphorylation of p38 and its forced activation reverts the enhanced muscle damage and poorer regeneration. MuSCs require ZEB1 to maintain their quiescence, prevent their premature activation following injury, and drive efficient regeneration in dystrophic muscles. These data indicate that ZEB1 protects muscle from damage and is required for its regeneration. Following muscle damage, an inflammatory response is associated to activation of satellite cells, which drive muscle repair. Here, the authors show that upregulation of Zeb1 in macrophages and muscle fibres regulates inflammation, and also show a role for Zeb1 in maintenance of satellite cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siles
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Ninfali
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marlies Cortés
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Douglas S Darling
- Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Antonio Postigo
- Group of Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression, Department of Oncology and Hematology, IDIBAPS, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Molecular Targets Program, James G. Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. .,ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
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24
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Zhang Y, Xu L, Li A, Han X. The roles of ZEB1 in tumorigenic progression and epigenetic modifications. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:400-408. [PMID: 30530042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly expressed Zinc-finger E-box binding protein 1 (ZEB1) is significantly associated with the malignancy of various cancers. Signal transduction and activation of ZEB1 play important roles in cancer transformation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Emerging evidence suggests that ZEB1 drives the induction of EMT with activation of stem cell traits, immune evasion and epigenetic reprogramming. As an ideal target for EMT research, ZEB1 has been extensively studied for decades. However, the link between ZEB1 and epigenetic regulation of EMT has only recently been discovered. ZEB1 facilitates the epigenetic silencing of E-cadherin by recruiting multiple chromatin enzymes of E-cadherin promoter, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and ubiquitin ligase. Destruction of the connection between ZEB1 and these chromatin-modifying enzymes may represent an efficient for treating cancer. In this review, we outlined the biological function of ZEB1 in tumorigenic progression and epigenetic modifications and elucidate its transcriptional network, which is a suitable potential target for the design of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Hospital of Laiwu Steel Group, 68 Xinxing Road, Laigang 271126, Shandong Province, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiuzhen Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.
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25
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Rovira-Rigau M, Raimondi G, Marín MÁ, Gironella M, Alemany R, Fillat C. Bioselection Reveals miR-99b and miR-485 as Enhancers of Adenoviral Oncolysis in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Ther 2018; 27:230-243. [PMID: 30341009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are designed for cancer treatment. Cell-virus interactions are key determinants for successful viral replication. Therefore, the extensive reprogramming of gene expression that occurs in tumor cells might create a hurdle for viral propagation. We used a replication-based approach of a microRNA (miRNA) adenoviral library encoding up to 243 human miRNAs as a bioselection strategy to identify miRNAs that facilitate adenoviral oncolytic activity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We identify two miRNAs, miR-99b and miR-485, that function as enhancers of adenoviral oncolysis by improving the intra- and extracellular yield of mature virions. An increased adenoviral activity is the consequence of enhanced E1A and late viral protein expression, which is probably mediated by the downregulation of the transcriptional repressors ELF4, MDM2, and KLF8, which we identify as miR-99b or miR-485 target genes. Arming the oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR15 with miR-99b or miR-485 enhances its fitness and its antitumoral activity. Our results demonstrate the potential of this strategy to improve oncolytic adenovirus potency, and they highlight miR-99b and miR-485 as sensitizers of adenoviral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rovira-Rigau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Raimondi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Marín
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Gironella
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Gastrointestinal & Pancreatic Oncology Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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26
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Wang H, Huang B, Li BM, Cao KY, Mo CQ, Jiang SJ, Pan JC, Wang ZR, Lin HY, Wang DH, Qiu SP. ZEB1-mediated vasculogenic mimicry formation associates with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotypes in prostate cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3768-3781. [PMID: 29754422 PMCID: PMC6050489 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The zinc finger E‐box‐binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) induced the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and altered ZEB1 expression could lead to aggressive and cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes in various cancers. Tissue specimens from 96 prostate cancer patients were collected for immunohistochemistry and CD34/periodic acid–Schiff double staining. Prostate cancer cells were subjected to ZEB1 knockdown or overexpression and assessment of the effects on vasculogenic mimicry formation in vitro and in vivo. The underlying molecular events of ZEB1‐induced vasculogenic mimicry formation in prostate cancer were then explored. The data showed that the presence of VM and high ZEB1 expression was associated with higher Gleason score, TNM stage, and lymph node and distant metastases as well as with the expression of vimentin and CD133 in prostate cancer tissues. Furthermore, ZEB1 was required for VM formation and altered expression of EMT‐related and CSC‐associated proteins in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. ZEB1 also facilitated tumour cell migration, invasion and clonogenicity. In addition, the effects of ZEB1 in prostate cancer cells were mediated by Src signalling; that is PP2, a specific inhibitor of the Src signalling, dose dependently reduced the p‐Src527 level but not p‐Src416 level, while ZEB1 knockdown also down‐regulated the level of p‐Src527 in PC3 and DU‐145 cells. PP2 treatment also significantly reduced the expression of VE‐cadherin, vimentin and CD133 in these prostate cancer cells. Src signalling mediated the effects of ZEB1 on VM formation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bai Mou Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yuan Cao
- Research Center for Clinical Laboratory Standard, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Qiang Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Jian Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Cheng Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong Ren Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yi Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao Hu Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao Peng Qiu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Hui Ya hospital of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Li J, Li Z, Leng K, Xu Y, Ji D, Huang L, Cui Y, Jiang X. ZEB1-AS1: A crucial cancer-related long non-coding RNA. Cell Prolif 2017; 51. [PMID: 29226522 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) recently emerge as a novel class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with larger than 200 nucleotides in length. Due to lack an obvious open reading frame, lncRNAs have no or limited protein-coding potential. To date, accumulating evidence indicates the vital regulatory function of lncRNAs in pathological processes of human diseases, especially in carcinogenesis and development. Deregulation of lncRNAs not only alters cellular biological behavior, such as proliferation, migration and invasion, but also represents the poor clinical outcomes. Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 antisense 1 (ZEB1-AS1), an outstanding cancer-related lncRNA, is identified as an oncogenic regulator in diverse malignancies. Dysregulation of ZEB1-AS1 has been demonstrated to exhibit a pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression, suggesting its potential clinical value as a promising biomarker or therapeutic target for cancers. In this review, we make a summary on the current findings regarding the biological functions, underlying mechanisms and clinical significance of ZEB1-AS1 in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kaiming Leng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Daolin Ji
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lining Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingming Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Abstract
We discuss the hypothesis that ZEB1-Wnt-p300 signaling integrates epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The HDACi butyrate, derived from dietary fiber, has been linked to CRC prevention, and other HDACis have been proposed as therapeutic agents against CRC. We have previously discussed that resistance to butyrate likely contributes to colonic carcinogenesis, and we have demonstrated that butyrate resistance leads to cross-resistance to cancer therapeutic HDACis. Deregulated Wnt signaling is the major initiating event in most CRC cases. One mechanism whereby butyrate and other HDACis exert their anti-CRC effects is via Wnt signaling hyperactivation, which promotes CRC cell apoptosis. The histone acetylases (HATs) CBP and p300 are mediators of Wnt transcriptional activity, and play divergent roles in the downstream consequences of Wnt signaling. CBP-mediated Wnt signaling is associated with cell proliferation and stem cell maintenance; whereas, p300-mediated Wnt activity is associated with differentiation. We have found that CBP and p300 differentially affect the ability of butyrate to influence Wnt signaling, apoptosis, and proliferation. ZEB1 is a Wnt signaling-targeted gene, whose product is a transcription factor expressed at the invasive front of carcinomas where it promotes malignant progression and EMT. ZEB1 is typically a transcriptional repressor; however, when associated with p300, ZEB1 enhances transcription. These changes in ZEB1 activity likely affect the cancer cell phenotype. ZEB1 has been shown to promote resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and expression of ZEB1 is upregulated in butyrate-resistant CRC cells that lack p300 expression. Since the expression of ZEB1 correlates with poor outcomes in cancer, ZEB represents a relevant therapeutic target. Here we propose that targeting the signaling network established by ZEB1, Wnt signaling, and p300 signaling can reverse HDACi resistance and inhibit EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Lazarova
- Department of Basic Sciences, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
| | - Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
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29
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Ninfali P, Antonini E, Frati A, Scarpa ES. C-Glycosyl Flavonoids from Beta vulgaris Cicla and Betalains from Beta vulgaris rubra: Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Activities-A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:871-884. [PMID: 28464411 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The green beet (Beta vulgaris var. cicla L.) and red beetroot (B. vulgaris var. rubra L.) contain phytochemicals that have beneficial effects on human health. Specifically, the green beet contains apigenin, vitexin, vitexin-2-O-xyloside and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside, while the red beetroot is a source of betaxanthins and betacyanins. These phytochemicals show considerable antioxidant activity, as well as antiinflammatory and antiproliferative activities. Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, in combination with betaxanthins and betacyanins, exerts antiproliferative activity in breast, liver, colon and bladder cancer cell lines, through the induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. A significant body of evidence also points to the role of these phytochemicals in the downregulation of the pro-survival genes, baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5 and catenin beta-1, as well as the genes controlling angiogenesis, hypoxia inducible factor 1A and vascular endothelial growth factor A. The multi-target action of these phytochemicals enhances their anticancer activity. Vitexin-2-O-xyloside, betaxanthins and betacyanins can be used in combination with conventional anticancer drugs to reduce their toxicity and overcome the multidrug resistance of cancer cells. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms that enable these dietary phytochemicals to block the proliferation of tumor cells and inhibit their pro-survival pathways. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolino Ninfali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Elena Antonini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Alessandra Frati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Emanuele-Salvatore Scarpa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', via Saffi, 2, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy
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