1
|
Liu T, Cao Y, Weng J, Gao S, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Zhang H, Xia C, Yin X, Luo Y, He Q, Jiang H, Wang L, Zhang Z. Hepatitis E virus infects human testicular tissue and Sertoli cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2332657. [PMID: 38517709 PMCID: PMC11057402 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2332657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Globally, hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are prevalent. The finding of high viral loads and persistent viral shedding in ejaculate suggests that HEV replicates within the human male genital tract, but its target organ is unknown and appropriate models are lacking. We aimed to determine the HEV tropism in the human testis and its potential influence on male reproductive health. We conducted an ex vivo culture of human testis explants and in vitro culture of primary human Sertoli cells. Clinically derived HEV genotype 1 (HEV1) and HEV3 virions, as well as rat-derived HEV-C1, were used for inoculation. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on testis tissues collected from tacrolimus-treated rabbits with chronic HEV3 infection. Our findings reveal that HEV3, but not HEV1 or HEV-C1, can replicate in human testis explants and primary human Sertoli cells. Tacrolimus treatment significantly enhanced the replication efficiency of HEV3 in testis explants and enabled successful HEV1 infection in Sertoli cells. HEV3 infection disrupted the secretion of several soluble factors and altered the cytokine microenvironment within primary human Sertoli cells. Finally, intratesticular transcriptomic analysis of immunocompromised rabbits with chronic HEV infection indicated downregulation of genes associated with spermatogenesis. HEV can infect the human testicular tissues and Sertoli cells, with increased replication efficiency when exposed to tacrolimus treatment. These findings shed light on how HEV may persist in the ejaculate of patients with chronic hepatitis E and provide valuable ex vivo tools for studying countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalei Cao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Weng
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songzhan Gao
- Department of Andrology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zirun Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuzhuo Yang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyu He
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo Y, Dong Y, Zheng R, Yan J, Li W, Xu Y, Yan X, Ke Y, Li Y, Xiang L. Correlation between viral infections in male semen and infertility: a literature review. Virol J 2024; 21:167. [PMID: 39080728 PMCID: PMC11290048 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility affects approximately one-sixth of couples globally, with the incidence of male infertility steadily increasing. However, our understanding of the impact of viral infections on fertility remains limited. This review consolidates findings from previous studies, outlining 40 viruses identified in human semen and summarizing their key characteristics, modes of transmission, and their effects on both the reproductive and endocrine systems. Furthermore, it elucidates potential pathogenic mechanisms and treatment prospects of viruses strongly associated with male infertility. This synthesis will enhance our comprehension of how viral infections influence male reproductive health, offering valuable insights for future research as well as the diagnosis and treatment of infectious infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhua Dong
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Runzi Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiacong Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiyuan Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuelan Yan
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunmei Ke
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yantao Li
- Department of Reproductive Gynecology, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lifeng Xiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Healthy Birth and Birth Defect Prevention in Western China, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- KUST-YPFPH Reproductive Medicine Joint Research Center, Medical school of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yadav KK, Boley PA, Lee CM, Khatiwada S, Jung K, Laocharoensuk T, Hofstetter J, Wood R, Hanson J, Kenney SP. Rat hepatitis E virus cross-species infection and transmission in pigs. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae259. [PMID: 39035038 PMCID: PMC11259135 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Strains of Rocahepevirus ratti, an emerging hepatitis E virus (HEV), have recently been found to be infectious to humans. Rats are a primary reservoir of the virus; thus, it is referred to as "rat HEV". Rats are often found on swine farms in close contact with pigs. Our goal was to determine whether swine may serve as a transmission host for zoonotic rat HEV by characterizing an infectious cDNA clone of a zoonotic rat HEV, strain LCK-3110, in vitro and in vivo. RNA transcripts of LCK-3110 were constructed and assessed for their replicative capacity in cell culture and in gnotobiotic pigs. Fecal suspension from rat HEV-positive gnotobiotic pigs was inoculated into conventional pigs co-housed with naïve pigs. Our results demonstrated that capped RNA transcripts of LCK-3110 rat HEV replicated in vitro and successfully infected conventional pigs that transmit the virus to co-housed animals. The infectious clone of rat HEV may afford an opportunity to study the genetic mechanisms of rat HEV cross-species infection and tissue tropism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kush Kumar Yadav
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Patricia A Boley
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Carolyn M Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Saroj Khatiwada
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Kwonil Jung
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Thamonpan Laocharoensuk
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jake Hofstetter
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Ronna Wood
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Juliette Hanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Scott P Kenney
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Food Animal Health, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Ave, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu J, Xiang Z, Zhu C, Yao Y, Bortolanza M, Cao H, Li L. Extrahepatic manifestations related to hepatitis E virus infection and their triggering mechanisms. J Infect 2021; 83:298-305. [PMID: 34324940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has many extrahepatic manifestations as well as liver symptoms. Multiple studies have shown that HEV infection has symptoms related to the nervous system, kidneys, cryoglobulinemia, hematological system, reproductive system, autoimmunity and pancreas. Hence, HEV infection should be considered as a systemic disease, rather than solely a liver disease. The extrahepatic manifestations induced by different genotypes of HEV vary. The severity of these diseases does not necessarily correlate with the severity of HEV infection, and even asymptomatic HEV infection may trigger and cause systemic diseases. Patients with systemic manifestations of HEV infection should have priority for antiviral therapy, which could alleviate or improve the extrahepatic manifestations related to HEV infection. However, the extrahepatic manifestations caused by different genotypes of HEV and their corresponding mechanisms have not been clearly identified. This review discusses the extrahepatic manifestations related to HEV infection and their triggering mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Rd., Suzhou 215008, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg 66424, Germany
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg 66424, Germany
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou 310003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Horvatits T, Wißmann JE, Johne R, Groschup MH, Gadicherla AK, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Eiden M, Todt D, Reimer R, Dähnert L, Schöbel A, Horvatits K, Lübke R, Wolschke C, Ayuk F, Rybczynski M, Lohse AW, Addo MM, Herker E, Lütgehetmann M, Steinmann E, Pischke S. Hepatitis E virus persists in the ejaculate of chronically infected men. J Hepatol 2021; 75:55-63. [PMID: 33484776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are prevalent worldwide. Various viruses have been detected in the ejaculate and can outlast the duration of viremia, indicating replication beyond the blood-testis barrier. HEV replication in diverse organs, however, is still widely misunderstood. We aimed to determine the occurrence, features and morphology of HEV in the ejaculate. METHODS The presence of HEV in testis was assessed in 12 experimentally HEV-genotype 3-infected pigs. We further tested ejaculate, urine, stool and blood from 3 chronically HEV genotype 3-infected patients and 6 immunocompetent patients with acute HEV infection by HEV-PCR. Morphology and genomic characterization of HEV particles from various human compartments were determined by HEV-PCR, density gradient measurement, immune-electron microscopy and genomic sequencing. RESULTS In 2 of the 3 chronically HEV-infected patients, we observed HEV-RNA (genotype 3c) in seminal plasma and semen with viral loads >2 logs higher than in the serum. Genomic sequencing showed significant differences between viral strains in the ejaculate compared to stool. Under ribavirin-treatment, HEV shedding in the ejaculate continued for >9 months following the end of viremia. Density gradient measurement and immune-electron microscopy characterized (enveloped) HEV particles in the ejaculate as intact. CONCLUSIONS The male reproductive system was shown to be a niche of HEV persistence in chronic HEV infection. Surprisingly, sequence analysis revealed distinct genetic HEV variants in the stool and serum, originating from the liver, compared to variants in the ejaculate originating from the male reproductive system. Enveloped HEV particles in the ejaculate did not morphologically differ from serum-derived HEV particles. LAY SUMMARY Enveloped hepatitis E virus particles could be identified by PCR and electron microscopy in the ejaculate of immunosuppressed chronically infected patients, but not in immunocompetent experimentally infected pigs or in patients with acute self-limiting hepatitis E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horvatits
- I. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, with the Sections Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany.
| | - Jan-Erik Wißmann
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany; Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Ashish K Gadicherla
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, with the Sections Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany; Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Rudolph Reimer
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Dähnert
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany; Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Anja Schöbel
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karoline Horvatits
- I. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, with the Sections Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rabea Lübke
- I. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, with the Sections Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Wolschke
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francis Ayuk
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Rybczynski
- University Heart Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, with the Sections Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- I. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, with the Sections Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany
| | - Eva Herker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany; Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sven Pischke
- I. Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, with the Sections Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Partner sites, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
El-Mokhtar MA, Sayed IM. Model systems for studying extrahepatic pathogenesis of hepatitis E virus. Current knowledge and future directions. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2218. [PMID: 33475223 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E Virus is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis globally. HEV infection is endemic in developing countries. Also, autochthonous and sporadic cases are reported in developed countries. HEV causes acute and chronic infections. Besides, extrahepatic manifestations including neurological, renal, haematological, acute pancreatitis and complications during pregnancy are associated with HEV infections. The pathogenesis of HEV in the extrahepatic tissues is either due to direct cytopathic effect mediated by the virus replication, or immunological mechanisms caused by an uncontrollable host response. Researchers have used different in vivo and in vitro models to study the pathogenesis of HEV in the extrahepatic tissues and analyse the host immune response against HEV infection. This review highlights the extrahepatic disorders associated with HEV infection. We focused on the in vivo and in vitro models as a tool for elucidating the HEV infection beyond the liver and studying the mechanisms of HEV induced tissue damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
No evidence of HEV genotype 1 infections harming the male reproductive system. Virology 2020; 554:37-41. [PMID: 33360325 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic disorders are recorded with hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. The impact of HEV infection on the male reproductive system is a query. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed semen from infertile men and prospectively examined the semen from acute hepatitis E patients (AHE) for HEV markers. HEV RNA and HEV Ag were not detectable in the semen of infertile men nor the semen of AHE patients. Although HEV markers were detectable in the urine of patients infected with HEV-1, these markers were absent in their semen. There is no significant difference in the level of reproductive hormones between AHE patients and healthy controls. Semen analysis of AHE patients did not show a notable abnormality and there was no significant difference in the semen quality and sperm characteristics between AHE and healthy controls.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu J, Huang F, Ling Z, Liu S, Liu J, Fan J, Yu J, Wang W, Jin X, Meng Y, Cao H, Li L. Altered faecal microbiota on the expression of Th cells responses in the exacerbation of patients with hepatitis E infection. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:1243-1252. [PMID: 32500937 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fulminant hepatitis E may lead to acute liver failure (ALF). Perturbations of intestinal microbiota are related to severe liver disease. To study the correlations between faecal microbiota and the occurrence and exacerbation of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, we characterized 24 faecal samples from 12 patients with acute hepatitis E (AHE) and 12 patients with HEV-ALF using high-throughput sequencing. We found both the alpha and beta diversity indices showed no significant differences between the AHE and HEV-ALF groups. Several predominant taxa were significantly different between the AHE and HEV-ALF groups. Most notably, the HEV-ALF group had increased levels of Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria, Xanthomonadceae and Stenotrophomonas, but reduced levels of Firmicutes, Streptococcus, Subdoligranulum and Lactobacillus, compared with the AHE group. The levels of Lactobacillaceae and Gammaproteobacteria could be used to distinguish patients with HEV-ALF from those with AHE. In addition, the level of Th lymphocytes was significantly lower in the HEV-ALF group than in the AHE group. The relative abundances of Lactobacillaceae and Gammaproteobacteria were positively correlated with Th lymphocytes, serum international normalized ratio (INR) and hepatic encephalopathy severity. Moreover, surviving patients had higher levels of Lactobacillus mucosae than deceased patients. Our study demonstrated that the presence of altered faecal microbiota is associated with exacerbation of HEV infection; this finding may be useful for exploring the interactions among faecal microbiota, immune responses, mechanisms of infection and progression in patients with HEV, as well as for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zongxin Ling
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuangchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, China
| | - Xiuyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu J, Guo N, Zhu L, Zhang X, Xiong C, Liu J, Xu Y, Fan J, Yu J, Pan Q, Yang J, Liang H, Jin X, Ye S, Wang W, Liu C, Zhang J, Li G, Jiang B, Cao H, Li L. Seroprevalence of AIH-related autoantibodies in patients with acute hepatitis E viral infection: a prospective case-control study in China. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:332-340. [PMID: 32037983 PMCID: PMC7033704 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1722759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The seroprevalenc of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)-related antibodies in patients, particularly Asians, with acute hepatitis E (AHE) is unclear. In this study, we investigated whether acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is associated with the seroprevalence of AIH-related autoantibodies and assessed their impact on the disease characteristics. AIH-related autoantibodies were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in 198 AHE patients and 50 type 1 AIH patients. The positivity rates of against nuclear antigen (ANA) and smooth muscles antibody (SMA) in AHE patients were 37.4% and 22.7%, and the total positivity rate was 50%. Compared to those in AIH patients, the positivity rates of ANA-H and SMA-AA were significantly lower (35.1% vs. 82.1% and 4.4% vs. 88.4%). Female gender and the ALT level, but not immunosuppressive or antiviral drugs, were independently predictive of the presence of AIH-related autoantibodies in AHE patients. Fifty-two patients positive for AIH-related autoantibodies were followed up for 12 months. During this period, 33 of them became negative and 19 remained positive, albeit with significantly decreased titres. In conclusions, the seroprevalence of AIH-related autoantibodies in AHE patients was elevated, particularly in females, but their subspecificities and titres differed from those of type 1 AIH. Acute HEV infection may be related to AIH. Abbreviations: AIH: autoimmune hepatitis; AHE: acute hepatitis E; ANA: against nuclear antigen; SMA: smooth muscles antibody; ANA-H: ANA with homogeneous pattern; SMA-AA: SMA with anti-actin pattern; Anti-LKM1: anti- liver-kidney microsomes-1 antibody; ANCA: anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; AMA: anti-mitochondrial antibody; Anti-SLA: anti-soluble liver antigen; Anti-LC1: anti-liver cytoplasmic type 1 antibody; pANCA: perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Naizhou Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunquan Xiong
- Department of Public Health, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanying Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunyi Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Dafeng City, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongqi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Traditional Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Central Blood Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|