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Kiaheyrati N, Babaei A, Ranji R, Bahadoran E, Taheri S, Farokhpour Z. Cancer therapy with the viral and bacterial pathogens: The past enemies can be considered the present allies. Life Sci 2024; 349:122734. [PMID: 38788973 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cancer continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide despite significant advancements in cancer treatment. Many difficulties have arisen as a result of the detrimental consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy as a common cancer therapy, such as drug inability to penetrate deep tumor tissue, and also the drug resistance in tumor cells continues to be a major concern. These obstacles have increased the need for the development of new techniques that are more selective and effective against cancer cells. Bacterial-based therapies and the use of oncolytic viruses can suppress cancer in comparison to other cancer medications. The tumor microenvironment is susceptible to bacterial accumulation and proliferation, which can trigger immune responses against the tumor. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have also gained considerable attention in recent years because of their potential capability to selectively target and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest literature on the role of bacteria and viruses in cancer treatment, discusses the limitations and challenges, outlines various strategies, summarizes recent preclinical and clinical trials, and emphasizes the importance of optimizing current strategies for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Kiaheyrati
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Abouzar Babaei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Reza Ranji
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Bahadoran
- School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Science, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shiva Taheri
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Farokhpour
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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2
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Song P, Peng Z, Guo X. Gut microbial metabolites in cancer therapy. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00177-2. [PMID: 39004537 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and promoting health. A growing number of studies have indicated that gut microbiota can affect cancer development, prognosis, and treatment through their metabolites. By remodeling the tumor microenvironment and regulating tumor immunity, gut microbial metabolites significantly influence the efficacy of anticancer therapies, including chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy. Several novel therapies that target gut microbial metabolites have shown great promise in cancer models. In this review, we summarize the current research status of gut microbial metabolites in cancer, aiming to provide new directions for future tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwei Song
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China
| | - Zhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030001, China.
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3
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Wang Q, Guo F, Zhang Q, Hu T, Jin Y, Yang Y, Ma Y. Organoids in gastrointestinal diseases: from bench to clinic. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e574. [PMID: 38948115 PMCID: PMC11214594 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The etiology of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is intricate and multifactorial, encompassing complex interactions between genetic predisposition and gut microbiota. The cell fate change, immune function regulation, and microenvironment composition in diseased tissues are governed by microorganisms and mutated genes either independently or through synergistic interactions. A comprehensive understanding of GI disease etiology is imperative for developing precise prevention and treatment strategies. However, the existing models used for studying the microenvironment in GI diseases-whether cancer cell lines or mouse models-exhibit significant limitations, which leads to the prosperity of organoids models. This review first describes the development history of organoids models, followed by a detailed demonstration of organoids application from bench to clinic. As for bench utilization, we present a layer-by-layer elucidation of organoid simulation on host-microbial interactions, as well as the application in molecular mechanism analysis. As for clinical adhibition, we provide a generalized interpretation of organoid application in GI disease simulation from inflammatory disorders to malignancy diseases, as well as in GI disease treatment including drug screening, immunotherapy, and microbial-targeting and screening treatment. This review draws a comprehensive and systematical depiction of organoids models, providing a novel insight into the utilization of organoids models from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Wang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of Cancer InstituteFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fanying Guo
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - TingTing Hu
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - YuTao Jin
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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4
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Zhang W, Zheng L, Xie J, Su X, Zhang M, Huang H, Schmitz-Esser S, Du S, Yang Y, Xie J, Zhang Q, Yu S, Guo Q, Wang H, Zhang L, Yang K, Hou R. The giant panda gut harbors a high diversity of lactic acid bacteria revealed by a novel culturomics pipeline. mSystems 2024:e0052024. [PMID: 38920380 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00520-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can provide significant health benefits, which are critically important for the conservation of endangered animals, such as giant pandas. However, little is known about the diversity and culturability of LAB in the giant panda gut microbiota. To understand the roles of LAB in giant panda conservation, it is critical to culture bacterial strains of interest. In this study, we established a pipeline to culture bacterial strains using enrichment of target bacteria with different liquid media and growth conditions. Then, the strains were isolated in solid media to study their functions. Using 210 samples from the culture enrichment method and 138 culture-independent samples, we obtained 1120 amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) belonging to Lactobacillales. Out of the 1120 ASVs, 812 ASVs from the culture enrichment approach were twofold more diverse than 336 ASVs from the culture-independent approach. Many ASVs of interest were not detected in the culture-independent approach. Using this pipeline, we isolated many relevant bacterial strains and established a giant panda gut bacteria strain collection that included strains with low-abundance in culture-independent samples and included most of the giant panda LAB described by other researchers. The strain collection consisted of 60 strains representing 35 species of 12 genera. Thus, our pipeline is powerful and provides guidance in culturing gut microbiota of interest in hosts such as the giant panda.IMPORTANCECultivation is necessary to screen strains to experimentally investigate microbial traits, and to confirm the activities of novel genes through functional characterization studies. In the long-term, such work can aid in the identification of potential health benefits conferred by bacteria and this could aid in the identification of bacterial candidate strains that can be applied as probiotics. In this study, we developed a pipeline with low-cost and user-friendly culture enrichment to reveal the diversity of LAB in giant pandas. We compared the difference between culture-independent and culture enrichment methods, screened strains of interest that produced high concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and we investigated the catalog of virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, butyrate and lactate synthesis genes of the strains at a genomic level. This study will provide guidance for microbiota cultivation and a foundation for future research aiming to understand the functions of specific strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring Biological Diversity in Minshan Mountain of National Park of Giant Pandas at Mianyang Teachers' College of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjin Xie
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingchun Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - He Huang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Shizhang Du
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring Biological Diversity in Minshan Mountain of National Park of Giant Pandas at Mianyang Teachers' College of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiqin Xie
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qinrong Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuran Yu
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hairui Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kong Yang
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Mai Z, Han Y, Liang D, Mai F, Zheng H, Li P, Li Y, Ma C, Chen Y, Li W, Zhang S, Feng Y, Chen X, Wang Y. Gut-derived metabolite 3-methylxanthine enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis via dopamine receptor D1 in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. mSystems 2024:e0130123. [PMID: 38899930 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01301-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy failure represents a significant challenge in the management of ovarian cancer (OC) and contributes to disease recurrence and poor prognosis. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of the gut microbiota in modulating anticancer treatments. However, the precise underlying mechanisms, by which gut microbiota regulates the response to platinum-based therapy, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of gut microbiota on the anticancer response of cisplatin and its underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrate a substantial improvement in the anticancer efficacy of cisplatin following antibiotic-induced perturbation of the gut microbiota in OC-bearing mice. 16S rRNA sequencing showed a pronounced alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome in the cecum contents following exposure to cisplatin. Through metabolomic analysis, we identified distinct metabolic profiles in the antibiotic-treated group, with a notable enrichment of the gut-derived metabolite 3-methylxanthine in antibiotic-treated mice. Next, we employed a strategy combining transcriptome analysis and chemical-protein interaction network databases. We identified metabolites that shared structural similarity with 3-methylxanthine, which interacted with genes enriched in cancer-related pathways. It is identified that 3-methylxanthinesignificantly enhances the effectiveness of cisplatin by promoting apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, through integrative multiomics analyses, we elucidated the mechanistic basis of this enhanced apoptosis, revealing a dopamine receptor D1-dependent pathway mediated by 3-methylxanthine. This study elucidated the mechanism by which gut-derived metabolite 3-methylxanthine mediated cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Our findings highlight the potential translational significance of 3-methylxanthine as a promising adjuvant in conjunction with cisplatin, aiming to improve treatment outcomes for OC patients.IMPORTANCEThe precise correlation between the gut microbiota and the anticancer effect of cisplatin in OC remains inadequately understood. Our investigation has revealed that manipulation of the gut microbiota via the administration of antibiotics amplifies the efficacy of cisplatin through the facilitation of apoptosis in OC-bearing mice. Metabolomic analysis has demonstrated that the cecum content from antibiotic-treated mice exhibits an increase in the levels of 3-methylxanthine, which has been shown to potentially enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of cisplatin by an integrated multiomic analysis. This enhancement appears to be attributable to the promotion of cisplatin-induced apoptosis, with 3-methylxanthine potentially exerting its influence via the dopamine receptor D1-dependent pathway. These findings significantly contribute to our comprehension of the impact of the gut microbiota on the anticancer therapy in OC. Notably, the involvement of 3-methylxanthine suggests its prospective utility as a supplementary component for augmenting treatment outcomes in patients afflicted with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Mai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yubin Han
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Feihong Mai
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Pan Li
- Microbiome Research Centre, St. George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Cong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yunqing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Siyou Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First people's hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Yinglin Feng
- Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Dai Z, Deng KL, Wang XM, Yang DX, Tang CL, Zhou YP. Bidirectional effects of the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetaldehyde on colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2697-2715. [PMID: 38994159 PMCID: PMC11236226 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence and mortality. Recent studies have shown that indole derivatives involved in gut microbiota metabolism can impact the tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis of CRC. AIM To investigate the effect of indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAD) on CRC. METHODS The effect of IAAD was evaluated in a syngeneic mouse model of CRC and CRC cell lines (HCT116 and DLD-1). Cell proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 fluorescence staining and cytotoxicity tests. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry after staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide. Invasiveness was investigated using the transwell assay. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related genes and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) downstream genes. The PharmMapper, SEA, and SWISS databases were used to screen for potential target proteins of IAAD, and the core proteins were identified through the String database. RESULTS IAAD reduced tumorigenesis in a syngeneic mouse model. In CRC cell lines HCT116 and DLD1, IAAD exhibited cytotoxicity starting at 24 h of treatment, while it reduced Ki67 expression in the nucleus. The results of flow cytometry showed that IAAD induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells but had no effect on DLD1 cells, which may be related to the activation of AhR. IAAD can also increase the invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCT116 and DLD1 cells. At low concentrations (< 12.5 μmol/L), IAAD only exhibited cytotoxic effects without promoting cell invasion. In addition, predictions based on online databases, protein-protein interaction analysis, and molecular docking showed that IAAD can bind to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). CONCLUSION Indole-3-aldehyde can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation to prevent the occurrence of CRC; however, at high concentrations (≥ 25 μmol/L), it can also promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in CRC cells. IAAD activates AhR and directly binds MMP9, ACE, PARP1, MMP2, and MPO, which partly reveals why it has a bidirectional effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong-Xue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ningbo Key Laboratory, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Lan Tang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ningbo Key Laboratory, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
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Dai Z, Deng KL, Wang XM, Yang DX, Tang CL, Zhou YP. Bidirectional effects of the tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetaldehyde on colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2685-2703. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high incidence and mortality. Recent studies have shown that indole derivatives involved in gut microbiota metabolism can impact the tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis of CRC.
AIM To investigate the effect of indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAD) on CRC.
METHODS The effect of IAAD was evaluated in a syngeneic mouse model of CRC and CRC cell lines (HCT116 and DLD-1). Cell proliferation was assessed by Ki-67 fluorescence staining and cytotoxicity tests. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry after staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide. Invasiveness was investigated using the transwell assay. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction were performed to evaluate the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition related genes and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) downstream genes. The PharmMapper, SEA, and SWISS databases were used to screen for potential target proteins of IAAD, and the core proteins were identified through the String database.
RESULTS IAAD reduced tumorigenesis in a syngeneic mouse model. In CRC cell lines HCT116 and DLD1, IAAD exhibited cytotoxicity starting at 24 h of treatment, while it reduced Ki67 expression in the nucleus. The results of flow cytometry showed that IAAD induced apoptosis in HCT116 cells but had no effect on DLD1 cells, which may be related to the activation of AhR. IAAD can also increase the invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HCT116 and DLD1 cells. At low concentrations (< 12.5 μmol/L), IAAD only exhibited cytotoxic effects without promoting cell invasion. In addition, predictions based on online databases, protein-protein interaction analysis, and molecular docking showed that IAAD can bind to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO).
CONCLUSION Indole-3-aldehyde can induce cell apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation to prevent the occurrence of CRC; however, at high concentrations (≥ 25 μmol/L), it can also promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in CRC cells. IAAD activates AhR and directly binds MMP9, ACE, PARP1, MMP2, and MPO, which partly reveals why it has a bidirectional effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kai-Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong-Xue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ningbo Key Laboratory, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chun-Lan Tang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ningbo Key Laboratory, Ningbo 315020, Zhejiang Province, China
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8
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Kuru-Yaşar R, Üstün-Aytekin Ö. The Crucial Roles of Diet, Microbiota, and Postbiotics in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:126-151. [PMID: 38483752 PMCID: PMC11133122 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the world, and its prevalence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. After researchers discovered the existence of dysbiosis in colorectal cancer, they considered the use of probiotics in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, for various reasons, including the low safety profile of probiotics in susceptible and immunocompromised patient5s, and the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, researchers have shifted their focus to non-living cells, their components, and metabolites. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature on the effects of diet, microbiota, and postbiotics on colorectal cancer and the future of postbiotics. RECENT FINDINGS The link between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer has been established primarily as a relationship rather than a cause-effect relationship. The gut microbiota can convert gastrointestinal tract and dietary factors into either onco-metabolites or tumor suppressor metabolites. There is serious dysbiosis in the microbiota in colorectal cancer. Postbiotics appear to be promising agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been shown that various postbiotics can selectively induce apoptosis in CRC, inhibit cell proliferation, growth, invasion, and migration, modulate the immune system, suppress carcinogenic signaling pathways, maintain intestinal epithelial integrity, and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs. However, it is also reported that some postbiotics are ineffective and may be risky in terms of safety profile in some patients. Many issues need to be researched about postbiotics. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüya Kuru-Yaşar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Üstün-Aytekin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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9
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Liu N, Liu S, Xu X, Nong X, Chen H. Organoids as an in vitro model to study human tumors and bacteria. J Surg Oncol 2024; 129:1390-1400. [PMID: 38534036 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Organoids faithfully replicate the morphological structure, physiological functions, stable phenotype of the source tissue. Recent research indicates that bacteria can significantly influence the initiation, advancement, and treatment of tumors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the applications of organoid technology in tumor research, the relationship between bacteria and the genesis and development of tumors, and the exploration of the impact of bacteria on tumors and their applications in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shuxi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - XianXian Nong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Xiao C, Li X, Ding Z, Zhang H, Lv W, Yang C, He D, Zhu L. Enhancing Growth and Gut Health in Squabs: The Impact of Fermented Mixed Feed. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1411. [PMID: 38791629 PMCID: PMC11117316 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fermented mixed feed (FMF) (soybean meal-rapeseed meal-corn bran (6:3:1, m/m/m)) on the growth performance, intestinal microbial communities, and metabolomes of squabs. One hundred and eighty 1-day-old squabs were randomly allocated to two groups, each containing six replicates of fifteen squabs cared for by 60 pairs of breeding pigeons secreting crop milk. Each pair of breeding pigeons cared for three squabs. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the experimental group was fed the basal diet containing 5% FMF. The results showed that daily weight gain, carcass weight, villus height, and the mRNA level of ZO-1 in the ileum were increased in the birds fed FMF compared to the control squabs (p < 0.05). Greater abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Bacillus as well as fewer harmful bacteria (i.e., Enterococcus, Veillonella, and Corynebacterium) in the ilea of squabs fed FMF. Six differential metabolites were identified in the FMF-treated squabs; one metabolite was increased (ω-salicoyisalicin) and five were decreased (3-benzoyloxy-6-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid, estradiol-17-phenylpropionate, aminotriazole, phosphatidyl ethanolamine (22:6/0:0), and 1-arachidonoylglycerophosphoinositol). Positive correlations were observed between the abundance of Lactobacillus and villus height. Overall, FMF treatment improved both growth and intestinal health in pigeons, suggesting potential benefits for pigeon production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfeng Xiao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.X.); (X.L.); (Z.D.); (W.L.); (C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Xin Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.X.); (X.L.); (Z.D.); (W.L.); (C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Zhizhao Ding
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.X.); (X.L.); (Z.D.); (W.L.); (C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Hongcai Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Wenwei Lv
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.X.); (X.L.); (Z.D.); (W.L.); (C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Changsuo Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.X.); (X.L.); (Z.D.); (W.L.); (C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Daqian He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.X.); (X.L.); (Z.D.); (W.L.); (C.Y.); (D.H.)
| | - Lihui Zhu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China; (C.X.); (X.L.); (Z.D.); (W.L.); (C.Y.); (D.H.)
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11
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Zhou X, Sun H, Ren J, Yan G, Yang L, Zhang H, Lu H, Li X, Makino T, Yin F, Li J, Wang X. Mineral crude drug mirabilite (Mangxiao) inhibits the occurrence of colorectal cancer by regulating the Lactobacillus-bile acid-intestinal farnesoid X receptor axis based on multiomics integration analysis. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e556. [PMID: 38665997 PMCID: PMC11043829 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mineral crude drug has revolutionized the treatment landscape in precision oncology niche that leads to the improvement in therapeutic efficiency on various tumor subtypes. Mangxiao (MX), a mineral crude drug in traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for treating gastrointestinal diseases for thousands of years. However, the action mechanisms are still ambiguous. Here, we attempt to explore inhibitory roles and associated pharmacological mechanisms of MX upon colorectal cancer (CRC) in APCMin/+ male mice by integrating metabolomics, 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, and metagenomic-based microbiota analysis. We found that MX can significantly inhibit the occurrence of CRC through the regulation of the dysregulated gut microbe metabolism. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of metabolomes and 16S rDNA revealed that MX could restore the disorders of gut microbes by specifically enriching the abundance of Lactobacilli to improve bile acid metabolism, which further activated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in CRC mice, then the improvement of gut dysbiosis could inhibit the development of CRC. Collectively, our effort confirmed MX has the capacity to intervene the development of CRC and further discovered that it targets Lactobacillus-bile acid-intestinal FXR axis, which can be regarded as a candidate medicine for future drug discovery and development against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Junling Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Guangli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Honglian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pharmacy CollegeQiqihar Medical UniversityQiqiharChina
| | - Haitao Lu
- Hong Kong Traditional Chinese Medicine Phenome Research Centre, School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological AnalysisHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina
| | - Xinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of PharmacognosyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesNagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Fengting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Xijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classical Formula and Modern Chinese MedicineNational Chinmedomics Research CenterNational TCM Key Laboratory of Serum PharmacochemistryMetabolomics LaboratoryDepartment of Pharmaceutical AnalysisHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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12
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Zeng J, Yi B, Chang R, Li J, Zhu J, Yu Z, Li X, Gao Y. The Causal Effect of Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolome on Lung Cancer and the Heterogeneity across Subtypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Pers Med 2024; 14:453. [PMID: 38793035 PMCID: PMC11122438 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The causal effect and pathways of gut microbiota and plasma metabolome on lung cancer have been important topics for personalized medicine; however, the heterogeneity of lung cancer subtypes has not gained enough attention in previous studies. This study sought to employ a Mendelian randomization analysis to screen the specific gut microbiota and plasma metabolome, which may have a causal effect on lung cancer. We further extended our analysis to estimate the effects of these exposures on various pathological subtypes of lung cancer. Furthermore, a mediation analysis was performed to identify the potential pathway underlying the influence of microbiota and metabolites. Our study identified 13 taxa and 15 metabolites with a causal association with the overall risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, we found 8 taxa and 14 plasma metabolites with a causal effect on lung adenocarcinoma, 4 taxa and 10 metabolites with a causal effect on squamous cell lung carcinoma, and 7 taxa and 16 metabolites with a causal effect on SCLC. We also identified seven mediation pathways that could potentially elucidate the influence of these microbiota and metabolites on overall lung cancer or special subtypes. Our study highlighted the heterogeneity of the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in a lung cancer subtype and elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms. This could pave the way for more personalized lung cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruimin Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiebo Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xi Li
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Su ACY, Ding X, Lau HCH, Kang X, Li Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Jiang L, Lu Y, Liu W, Ding Y, Cheung AHK, To KF, Yu J. Lactococcus lactis HkyuLL 10 suppresses colorectal tumourigenesis and restores gut microbiota through its generated alpha-mannosidase. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-330835. [PMID: 38599786 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotic Lactococcus lactis is known to confer health benefits to humans. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of L. lactis in colorectal cancer (CRC). DESIGN L. lactis abundance was evaluated in patients with CRC (n=489) and healthy individuals (n=536). L. lactis was isolated from healthy human stools with verification by whole genome sequencing. The effect of L. lactis on CRC tumourigenesis was assessed in transgenic Apc Min/+ mice and carcinogen-induced CRC mice. Faecal microbiota was profiled by metagenomic sequencing. Candidate proteins were characterised by nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biological function of L. lactis conditioned medium (HkyuLL 10-CM) and functional protein was studied in human CRC cells, patient-derived organoids and xenograft mice. RESULTS Faecal L. lactis was depleted in patients with CRC. A new L. lactis strain was isolated from human stools and nomenclated as HkyuLL 10. HkyuLL 10 supplementation suppressed CRC tumourigenesis in Apc Min/+ mice, and this tumour-suppressing effect was confirmed in mice with carcinogen-induced CRC. Microbiota profiling revealed probiotic enrichment including Lactobacillus johnsonii in HkyuLL 10-treated mice. HkyuLL 10-CM significantly abrogated the growth of human CRC cells and patient-derived organoids. Such protective effect was attributed to HkyuLL 10-secreted proteins, and we identified that α-mannosidase was the functional protein. The antitumourigenic effect of α-mannosidase was demonstrated in human CRC cells and organoids, and its supplementation significantly reduced tumour growth in xenograft mice. CONCLUSION HkyuLL 10 suppresses CRC tumourigenesis in mice through restoring gut microbiota and secreting functional protein α-mannosidase. HkyuLL 10 administration may serve as a prophylactic measure against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chin Yang Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lanping Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinghong Lu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqiang Ding
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Li G, Liu H, Yu Y, Wang Q, Yang C, Yan Y, Wang F, Mao Y. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and its derived metabolites confer resistance to FOLFOX through METTL3. EBioMedicine 2024; 102:105041. [PMID: 38484555 PMCID: PMC10950750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemoresistance is a critical factor contributing to poor prognosis in clinical patients with cancer undergoing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The role of gut microbiota in mediating resistance to tumour chemotherapy remains to be investigated. METHODS Patients with CRC were categorised into clinical benefit responders (CBR) and no clinical benefit responders (NCB) based on chemotherapy efficacy. Differential bacterial analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing revealed Desulfovibrio as a distinct microbe between the two groups. Employing a syngeneic transplantation model, we assessed the effect of Desulfovibrio on chemotherapy by measuring tumour burden, weight, and Ki-67 expression. We further explored the mechanisms underlying the compromised chemotherapeutic efficacy of Desulfovibrio using metabolomics, western blotting, colony formation, and cell apoptosis assays. FINDINGS In comparison, Desulfovibrio was more abundant in the NCB group. In vivo experiments revealed that Desulfovibrio colonisation in the gut weakened the efficacy of FOLFOX. Treatment with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans elevates serum S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels. Interestingly, SAM reduced the sensitivity of CRC cells to FOLFOX, thereby promoting the growth of CRC tumours. These experiments suggest that SAM promotes the growth and metastasis of CRC by driving the expression of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3). INTERPRETATION A high abundance of Desulfovibrio in the intestines indicates poor therapeutic outcomes for postoperative neoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy in CRC. Desulfovibrio drives the manifestation of METTL3 in CRC, promoting resistance to FOLFOX chemotherapy by increasing the concentration of SAM. FUNDING This study is supported by Wuxi City Social Development Science and Technology Demonstration Project (N20201005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Li
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China; Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yangmeng Yu
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China; Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China; Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China; Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China; Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China; Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, PR China.
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15
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Chen S, Xin J, Gu D, Li H, Zheng R, Li S, Zhang Z, Du M, Wang M. Smoking-related Lactobacillus and immune cell infiltration in colorectal cancer: evidence from a population-based study. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331865. [PMID: 38499340 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Silu Chen
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongying Gu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Niu L, Liu Y, Li N, Wang Y, Kang L, Su X, Xu C, Sun Z, Sang W, Xu J, Guo H, Shen S. Oral probiotics microgel plus Galunisertib reduced TGF-β blockade resistance and enhanced anti-tumor immune responses in colorectal cancer. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123810. [PMID: 38244648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a versatile immunosuppressive cytokine, has gained increasing attention as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. However, current strategies are constrained by tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. Therapeutic probiotics, such as Escherichia coli Nissle1917 (EcN), not only regulate the gut microbiota to increase beneficial bacteria with anti-tumor effects, but also modulate immune factors within the body, thereby enhancing immunity. In this study, we developed an oral microgel delivery system of EcN@(CS-SA)2 by electrostatic interaction between chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SA), aiming to enhance its bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Notably, EcN@(CS-SA)2 microgel showed a synergistic enhancement of the anti-tumor efficacy of Galunisertib (Gal, a TGF-β inhibitor) by inducing apoptosis and immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, as well as promoting increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Niu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China; Clinical Oncology Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of TCM, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Lin Kang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Ce Xu
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Zanya Sun
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China; Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Weicong Sang
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Jingyuan Xu
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Huishu Guo
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital, Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
| | - Shun Shen
- Pharmacy Department, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China.
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17
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Cao Q, Zhao M, Su Y, Liu S, Lin Y, Da H, Yue C, Liu Y, Jing D, Zhao Q, Liu N, Du J, Zuo Z, Fu Y, Chen A, Birnbaumer L, Yang Y, Dai B, Gao X. Chronic Stress Dampens Lactobacillus Johnsonii-Mediated Tumor Suppression to Enhance Colorectal Cancer Progression. Cancer Res 2024; 84:771-784. [PMID: 38190716 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer development and outcome are impacted by modifiable risk factors, including psychologic stress. The gut microbiota has also been shown to be linked to psychologic factors. Here, we found a marked deteriorative effect of chronic stress in multiple colorectal cancer models, including chemically induced (AOM/DSS), genetically engineered (APCmin/+), and xenograft tumor mouse models. RNA sequencing data from colon tissues revealed that expression of stemness-related genes was upregulated in the stressed colorectal cancer group by activated β-catenin signaling, which was further confirmed by results from ex vivo organoid analyses as well as in vitro and in vivo cell tumorigenicity assays. 16S rRNA sequencing of the gut microbiota showed that chronic stress disrupted gut microbes, and antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation abolished the stimulatory effects of chronic stress on colorectal cancer progression. Stressed colorectal cancer mice displayed a significant decrease in Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) abundance, which was inversely correlated with tumor load. Moreover, protocatechuic acid (PCA) was identified as a beneficial metabolite produced by L. johnsonii based on metabolome sequencing and LC/MS-MS analysis. Replenishment of L. johnsonii or PCA blocked chronic stress-induced colorectal cancer progression by decreasing β-catenin expression. Furthermore, PCA activated the cGMP pathway, and the cGMP agonist sildenafil abolished the effects of chronic stress on colorectal cancer. Altogether, these data identify that stress impacts the gut microbiome to support colorectal cancer progression. SIGNIFICANCE Chronic stress stimulates cancer stemness by reducing the intestinal abundance of L. johnsonii and its metabolite PCA to enhance β-catenin signaling, forming a basis for potential strategies to circumvent stress-induced cancer aggressiveness. See related commentary by McCollum and Shah, p. 645.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Cao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mingrui Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yali Su
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Siliang Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yanting Lin
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Huijuan Da
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chongxiu Yue
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dongquan Jing
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qixiang Zhao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhanjie Zuo
- Thoracic Cancer Treatment Center, Armed Police Beijing Corps Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Pathology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Chen
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, P.R. China
| | - Lutz Birnbaumer
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yong Yang
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Beiying Dai
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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18
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McCollum SE, Shah YM. Stressing Out Cancer: Chronic Stress Induces Dysbiosis and Enhances Colon Cancer Growth. Cancer Res 2024; 84:645-647. [PMID: 38437637 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Psychologic stress significantly impacts colorectal cancer, and chronic stress is known to decrease treatment efficacy and survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer. Previous studies have linked psychologic stress to changes in the gut microbiota, and the role of the microbiota in colorectal cancer progression is well characterized. Despite this, the mechanistic link between chronic stress and colorectal cancer remains unclear. In this issue of Cancer Research, Cao and colleagues reveal that chronic stress exacerbates colorectal cancer progression by reducing the presence of Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii) and its metabolite protocatechuic acid (PCA). The authors demonstrate an increase in β-catenin expression as the major mechanism by which chronic stress potentiates cancer stemness and pathogenesis. Administration of L. johnsonii or PCA to stressed mice decreased β-catenin activity and colorectal cancer progression. This study defines a precise mechanism underlying chronic stress and colorectal cancer progression, emphasizing the relevance of psychologic well-being in colorectal cancer outcome. In addition, the study demonstrates the potential efficacy of L. johnsonii or PCA supplementation as promising therapeutics for colorectal cancer treatment. See related article by Cao et al., p. 771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon E McCollum
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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Das S, Konwar BK. Inhibiting pathogenicity of vaginal Candida albicans by lactic acid bacteria and MS analysis of their extracellular compounds. APMIS 2024; 132:161-186. [PMID: 38168754 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining healthy vaginal microflora post-puberty is critical. In this study we explore the potential of vaginal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their extracellular metabolites against the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. The probiotic culture free supernatant (PCFS) from Lactobacillus crispatus, L. gasseri, and L. vaginalis exhibit an inhibitory effect on budding, hyphae, and biofilm formation of C. albicans. LGPCFS manifested the best potential among the LAB PCFS, inhibiting budding for 24 h and restricting hyphae formation post-stimulation. LGPCFS also pre-eminently inhibited biofilm formation. Furthermore, L. gasseri itself grew under RPMI 1640 stimulation suppressing the biofilm formation of C. albicans. The PCFS from the LAB downregulated the hyphal genes of C. albicans, inhibiting the yeast transformation to fungi. Hyphal cell wall proteins HWP1, ALS3, ECE1, and HYR1 and transcription factors BCR1 and CPH1 were downregulated by the metabolites from LAB. Finally, the extracellular metabolome of the LAB was studied by LC-MS/MS analysis. L.gasseri produced the highest antifungal compounds and antibiotics, supporting its best activity against C. albicans. Vaginal LAB and their extracellular metabolites perpetuate C. albicans at an avirulent state. The metabolites produced by these LAB in vitro have been identified, and can be further exploited as a preventive measure against vaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreaya Das
- Department of MBBT, Tezpur University, Napaam, Assam, India
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20
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Zhang Y, Dong L, Dai X, Huang Y, Gao Y, Wang F. Modulation of intestinal metabolites by calorie restriction and its association with gut microbiota in a xenograft model of colorectal cancer. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:46. [PMID: 38386206 PMCID: PMC10884396 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor, and its occurrence and development are closely related to dysbiosis of gut microbes. Previously, we found calorie restriction altered the composition of the microbial community in a colorectal cancer mouse model and inhibited in vivo growth of CRC cells. Here, we aim to further investigate alteration in the intestinal metabolites and explore the interplay between gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites upon calorie restriction. METHODS Human colorectal cancer HCT116 cells were used to establish a colorectal cancer xenograft mouse model. The changes of intestinal metabolites in the ad libitum group and calorie restriction group were investigated through untargeted metabolomics analysis. The integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites to elucidate the associations between gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites. RESULTS Compared with the mice in the ad libitum group, mice upon calorie restriction exhibited downregulation of Isoleucyl-Valine, and upregulation of D-Proline, 1-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine, and 4-Trimethylammoniobutanoic acid. Additionally, an integrative analysis of gut microbiota and metabolites revealed that Lactobacillus, Parabacteroides and rC4-4 genus were upregulated in the calorie restriction group and positively correlated with D-Proline, 4-Trimethylammoniobutanoic acid or 1-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine, while negatively correlated with Isoleucyl-Valine. In contrast, the Nitrospirae and Deferribacteres phylum exhibited opposite trends. CONCLUSION Calorie restriction affects the abundance of gut microbes such as Nitrospirae phylum and Lactobacillus genus in mouse model of colorectal cancer, leading to changes in the metabolites such as D-Proline、Isoleucyl-Valine, which contributes to the suppression of in vivo growth of CRC by calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lintao Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingchen Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wang L, Tu Y, Chen L, Yu K, Wang H, Yang S, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Song S, Xu H, Yin Z, Feng M, Yue J, Huang X, Tang T, Wei S, Liang X, Chen Z. Black rice diet alleviates colorectal cancer development through modulating tryptophan metabolism and activating AHR pathway. IMETA 2024; 3:e165. [PMID: 38868519 PMCID: PMC10989083 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Consumption of dietary fiber and anthocyanin has been linked to a lower incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study scrutinizes the potential antitumorigenic attributes of a black rice diet (BRD), abundantly rich in dietary fiber and anthocyanin. Our results demonstrate notable antitumorigenic effects in mice on BRD, indicated by a reduction in both the size and number of intestinal tumors and a consequent extension in life span, compared to control diet-fed counterparts. Furthermore, fecal transplants from BRD-fed mice to germ-free mice led to a decrease in colonic cell proliferation, coupled with maintained integrity of the intestinal barrier. The BRD was associated with significant shifts in gut microbiota composition, specifically an augmentation in probiotic strains Bacteroides uniformis and Lactobacillus. Noteworthy changes in gut metabolites were also documented, including the upregulation of indole-3-lactic acid and indole. These metabolites have been identified to stimulate the intestinal aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway, inhibiting CRC cell proliferation and colorectal tumorigenesis. In summary, these findings propose that a BRD may modulate the progression of intestinal tumors by fostering protective gut microbiota and metabolite profiles. The study accentuates the potential health advantages of whole-grain foods, emphasizing the potential utility of black rice in promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and HealthHuazhong Agricultural UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryUniversity of California‐San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yi‐Xuan Tu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and HealthHuazhong Agricultural UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Lu Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ke‐Chun Yu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hong‐Kai Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shu‐Qiao Yang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shuai‐Jie Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Shuo Song
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hong‐Li Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhu‐Cheng Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Ming‐Qian Feng
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jun‐Qiu Yue
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | | | - Tang Tang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., LtdWuhanChina
| | - Shao‐Zhong Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xin‐Jun Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen‐Xia Chen
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic Abnormalities and Vascular Aging, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Interdisciplinary Sciences InstituteHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and HealthHuazhong Agricultural UniversityShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
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22
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Giurini EF, Godla A, Gupta KH. Redefining bioactive small molecules from microbial metabolites as revolutionary anticancer agents. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:187-206. [PMID: 38200347 PMCID: PMC10874892 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment remains a significant challenge due to issues such as acquired resistance to conventional therapies and the occurrence of adverse treatment-related toxicities. In recent years, researchers have turned their attention to the microbial world in search of novel and effective drugs to combat this devastating disease. Microbial derived secondary metabolites have proven to be a valuable source of biologically active compounds, which exhibit diverse functions and have demonstrated potential as treatments for various human diseases. The exploration of these compounds has provided valuable insights into their mechanisms of action against cancer cells. In-depth studies have been conducted on clinically established microbial metabolites, unraveling their anticancer properties, and shedding light on their therapeutic potential. This review aims to comprehensively examine the anticancer mechanisms of these established microbial metabolites. Additionally, it highlights the emerging therapies derived from these metabolites, offering a glimpse into the immense potential they hold for anticancer drug discovery. Furthermore, this review delves into approved treatments and major drug candidates currently undergoing clinical trials, focusing on specific molecular targets. It also addresses the challenges and issues encountered in the field of anticancer drug research and development. It also presents a comprehensive exposition of the contemporary panorama concerning microbial metabolites serving as a reservoir for anticancer agents, thereby illuminating their auspicious prospects and the prospect of forthcoming strides in the domain of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileena F Giurini
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Aishvarya Godla
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kajal H Gupta
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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23
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Chen YY, Fei F, Ding LL, Wen SY, Ren CF, Gong AH. Integrated gut microbiome and metabolome analysis reveals the inhibition effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CBT against colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2024; 15:853-865. [PMID: 38164977 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04806c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The microecological stability of the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in both preventing and treating colorectal cancer (CRC). This study investigated whether Lactobacillus plantarum CBT (LP-CBT) prevents CRC by inducing alterations in the gut microbiota composition and associated metabolites. The results showed that LP-CBT inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-treated mice by repairing the intestinal barrier function. Furthermore, LP-CBT decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Importantly, LP-CBT remodeled intestinal homeostasis by increasing probiotics (Coprococcus, Mucispirillum, and Lactobacillus) and reducing harmful bacteria (Dorea, Shigella, Alistipes, Paraprevotella, Bacteroides, Sutterella, Turicibacter, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Allobaculum), significantly influencing arginine biosynthesis. Therefore, LP-CBT treatment regulated invertases and metabolites associated with the arginine pathway (carbamoyl phosphate, carboxymethyl proline, L-lysine, 10,11-epoxy-3-geranylgeranylindole, n-(6)-[(indol-3-yl)acetyl]-L-lysine, citrulline, N2-succinyl-L-ornithine, and (5-L-glutamyl)-L-glutamate). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of LP-CBT on colorectal cancer was further confirmed using the MC38 subcutaneous tumor model. Collectively, these findings offer compelling evidence supporting the potential of LP-CBT as a viable preventive strategy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, SAR 999078, China
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
| | - Fei Fei
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China.
| | - Ling-Ling Ding
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China.
| | - Shi-Yuan Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China.
| | - Cai-Fang Ren
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China.
| | - Ai-Hua Gong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212003, China.
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212003, China
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24
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Ha S, Zhang X, Yu J. Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer: From traditional approaches to novel strategies. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:8-20. [PMID: 38031348 PMCID: PMC10766304 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The intestine harbors a large population of microorganisms that interact with epithelial cells to maintain host healthy physiological status. These intestinal microbiota engage in the fermentation of non-digestible nutrients and produce beneficial metabolites to regulate host homeostasis, metabolism, and immune response. The disruption of microbiota, known as dysbiosis, has been implicated in many intestinal diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, CRC poses a significant health burden. There is an urgent need for novel interventions to reduce CRC incidence and improve clinical outcomes. Modulating the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a promising approach for CRC prevention and treatment. Current research efforts in CRC probiotics primarily focus on reducing the incidence of CRC, alleviating treatment-related side effects, and potentiating the efficacy of anticancer therapy, which is the key to successful translation to clinical practice. This paper aims to review the traditional probiotics and new interventions, such as next-generation probiotics and postbiotics, in the context of CRC. The underlying mechanisms of probiotic anti-cancer effects are also discussed, including the restoration of microbial composition, reinforcement of gut barrier integrity, induction of cancer cell apoptosis, inactivation of carcinogens, and modulation of host immune response. This paper further evaluates the novel strategy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in boosting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite all the promising findings presented in studies, the evaluation of potential risks, optimization of delivery methods, and consideration of intra-patient variability of gut microbial baseline must be thoroughly interpreted before bench-to-bedside translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suki Ha
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang S, Sun Y, Nie Q, Hu J, Li Y, Shi Z, Ji H, Zhang H, Zhao M, Chen C, Nie S. Effects of four food hydrocolloids on colitis and their regulatory effect on gut microbiota. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121368. [PMID: 37940266 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocolloids are important food additives and have potential regulatory effects on gut microbiota. The development of colitis is closely related to changes in gut microbiota. The effect of food hydrocolloids on the structure of the gut microbiota and their impact on colitis has not been well investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of four hydrocolloids (carrageenan, guar gum, xanthan gum, and pectin) on colitis, and explored their regulatory effects on gut microbiota. The results indicated that pectin and guar effectively alleviated body weight loss and disease activity index, reduced inflammatory cytokine levels, and promoted short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. They increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, Oscillospira, and Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia abundance had a negative correlation with the severity of colitis. In contrast, carrageenan and xanthan gum did not significantly improve colitis, and carrageenan reduced the production of SCFAs. Both carrageenan and xanthan gum increased the abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus, and Ruminococcus abundance was positively correlated with the severity of colitis. These findings suggest that food additives have an impact on host health and provide guidance for the diet of patients with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yonggan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zefu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Haihua Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Mingjiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chunhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Dalal N, Makharia GK, Dalal M, Mohan A, Singh R, Kumar A. Gut Metabolite Indoxyl Sulfate Has Selective Deleterious and Anticancer Effect on Colon Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2023; 66:17074-17085. [PMID: 38103027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
There are a number of reports about anticancer activity of indole derivatives. In this study, we investigated the role of indoxyl sulfate (IS) for its selective anticancer activity on colon cancer cells. IS treatment on HCT-116 and HT-29 human epithelial adenocarcinoma cells led to a decrease in cell proliferation, cell viability, and ATP content. Colon cancer cells showed a 10% increase in cell apoptosis in comparison to control. Due to IS treatment, cell morphology got distorted, cell number found decreased, intracellular vesicles formed, and cells were found floating in the media. Cells also showed a loss in membrane integrity and a decrease in colony-forming ability and ceased at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. No significant change was noted in the level of inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-1β, and TNF-α, histology, length of intestine, and spleen after 100 mM IS treatment to balb/c mice. These observations indicate the selective anticancer effect of IS on colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishu Dalal
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, Delhi University, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Monu Dalal
- ICMR - National Institute of Malaria Research, New Delhi 110077, India
| | - Anand Mohan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, Delhi University, Delhi 110052, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110067, India
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Jiang Y, Jia D, Sun Y, Ding N, Wang L. Microbiota: A key factor affecting and regulating the efficacy of immunotherapy. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1508. [PMID: 38082435 PMCID: PMC10713876 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has made significant progress in cancer treatment; however, the responsiveness to immunotherapy varies widely among patients. Growing evidence has demonstrated the role of the gut microbiota in the efficacy of immunotherapy. MAIN BODY Herein, we summarise the changes in the microbiota in different cancers under various immunotherapies. The microbial-host signal transmission on immunotherapeutic responses and mechanisms associated with microbial translocation to tumours in the context of immunotherapy are also discussed. In addition, we have highlighted the clinical application value of methods for regulating the microbiota. Finally, we elaborate on the relationship between the microbiota, host and immunotherapy, and provide potential directions for future research. CONCLUSION Different microbiota cause changes in the tumour microenvironment through microbial signals thereby affecting immunotherapy efficacy. Translocation of gut microbiota and the role of extraintestinal microbiota in immunotherapy deserve attention. Microbiota regulation is a novel strategy for combination therapy with immunotherapy. Although there are several aspects that deserve further refinement and exploration with regard to administration and clinical translation. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that the microbiota will become an integral part of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Dingjiacheng Jia
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Department of GastroenterologySecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institution of GastroenterologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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Mima K, Hamada T, Inamura K, Baba H, Ugai T, Ogino S. The microbiome and rise of early-onset cancers: knowledge gaps and research opportunities. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2269623. [PMID: 37902043 PMCID: PMC10730181 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2269623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates an alarming increase in the incidence of early-onset cancers, which are diagnosed among adults under 50 years of age, in the colorectum, esophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, liver, stomach, pancreas, as well as the bone marrow (multiple myeloma), breast, head and neck, kidney, prostate, thyroid, and uterine corpus (endometrium). While the early-onset cancer studies have encompassed research on the wide variety of organs, this article focuses on research on digestive system cancers. While a minority of early-onset cancers in the digestive system are associated with cancer-predisposing high penetrance germline genetic variants, the majority of those cancers are sporadic and multifactorial. Although potential etiological roles of diets, lifestyle, environment, and the microbiome from early life to adulthood (i.e. in one's life course) have been hypothesized, exact contribution of each of these factors remains uncertain. Diets, lifestyle patterns, and environmental exposures have been shown to alter the oral and intestinal microbiome. To address the rising trend of early-onset cancers, transdisciplinary research approaches including lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology frameworks, nutritional and environmental sciences, multi-omics technologies, etc. are needed. We review current evidence and discuss emerging research opportunities, which can improve our understanding of their etiologies and help us design better strategies for prevention and treatment to reduce the cancer burden in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Buthgamuwa I, Fenelon JC, Roser A, Meer H, Johnston SD, Dungan AM. Gut microbiota in the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus Aculeatus) shows stability across gestation. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1392. [PMID: 38129978 PMCID: PMC10721944 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Indigenous gut microbial communities (microbiota) play critical roles in health and may be especially important for the mother and fetus during pregnancy. Monotremes, such as the short-beaked echidna, have evolved to lay and incubate an egg, which hatches in their pouch where the young feeds. Since both feces and eggs pass through the cloaca, the fecal microbiota of female echidnas provides an opportunity for vertical transmission of microbes to their offspring. Here, we characterize the gut/fecal microbiome of female short-beaked echidnas and gain a better understanding of the changes that may occur in their microbiome as they go through pregnancy. Fecal samples from four female and five male echidnas were obtained from the Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary in Queensland and sequenced to evaluate bacterial community structure. We identified 25 core bacteria, most of which were present in male and female samples. Genera such as Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Lactobacillus were consistently abundant, regardless of sex or gestation stage, accounting for 58.00% and 56.14% of reads in male and female samples, respectively. The echidna microbiome remained stable across the different gestation stages, though there was a significant difference in microbiota composition between male and female echidnas. This study is the first to describe the microbiome composition of short-beaked echidnas across reproductive phases and allows the opportunity for this novel information to be used as a metric of health to aid in the detection of diseases triggered by microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isini Buthgamuwa
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jane C. Fenelon
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Colossal Laboratories and BiosciencesDallasTexasUSA
| | - Alice Roser
- Currumbin Wildlife SanctuaryCurrumbinQueenslandAustralia
| | - Haley Meer
- Currumbin Wildlife SanctuaryCurrumbinQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stephen D. Johnston
- School of EnvironmentThe University of QueenslandGattonQueenslandAustralia
- School of Veterinary ScienceThe University of QueenslandGattonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ashley M. Dungan
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Luo S, Ru J, Mirzaei MK, Xue J, Peng X, Ralser A, Mejías-Luque R, Gerhard M, Deng L. Gut virome profiling identifies an association between temperate phages and colorectal cancer promoted by Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257291. [PMID: 37747149 PMCID: PMC10578192 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide. While a close correlation between chronic Helicobacter pylori infection and CRC has been reported, the role of the virome has been overlooked. Here, we infected Apc-mutant mouse models and C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori and conducted a comprehensive metagenomics analysis of H. pylori-induced changes in lower gastrointestinal tract bacterial and viral communities. We observed an expansion of temperate phages in H. pylori infected Apc+/1638N mice at the early stage of carcinogenesis. Some of the temperate phages were predicted to infect bacteria associated with CRC, including Enterococcus faecalis. We also observed a high prevalence of virulent genes, such as flgJ, cwlJ, and sleB, encoded by temperate phages. In addition, we identified phages associated with pre-onset and onset of H. pylori-promoted carcinogenesis. Through co-occurrence network analysis, we found strong associations between the viral and bacterial communities in infected mice before the onset of carcinogenesis. These findings suggest that the expansion of temperate phages, possibly caused by prophage induction triggered by H. pylori infection, may have contributed to the development of CRC in mice by interacting with the bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Luo
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinlong Ru
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mohammadali Khan Mirzaei
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jinling Xue
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Xue Peng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Ralser
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raquel Mejías-Luque
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhard
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Li Deng
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Centre Munich — German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Preventions of Microbial Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Gou H, Su H, Liu D, Wong CC, Shang H, Fang Y, Zeng X, Chen H, Li Y, Huang Z, Fan M, Wei C, Wang X, Zhang X, Li X, Yu J. Traditional Medicine Pien Tze Huang Suppresses Colorectal Tumorigenesis Through Restoring Gut Microbiota and Metabolites. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:1404-1419. [PMID: 37704113 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-established traditional medicine with beneficial effects against inflammation and cancer. We aimed to explore the chemopreventive effect of PZH in colorectal cancer (CRC) through modulating gut microbiota. METHODS CRC mouse models were established by azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium treatment or in Apcmin/+ mice treated with or without PZH (270 mg/kg and 540 mg/kg). Gut barrier function was determined by means of intestinal permeability assays and transmission electron microscopy. Fecal microbiota and metabolites were analyzed by means of metagenomic sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. Germ-free mice or antibiotic-treated mice were used as models of microbiota depletion. RESULTS PZH inhibited colorectal tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated mice and in Apcmin/+ mice in a dose-dependent manner. PZH treatment altered the gut microbiota profile, with an increased abundance of probiotics Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans and Eubacterium limosum, while pathogenic bacteria Aeromonas veronii, Campylobacter jejuni, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Peptoniphilus harei were depleted. In addition, PZH increased beneficial metabolites taurine and hypotaurine, bile acids, and unsaturated fatty acids, and significantly restored gut barrier function. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that PZH inhibited PI3K-Akt, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and cytokine-chemokine signaling. Notably, the chemopreventive effect of PZH involved both microbiota-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation from PZH-treated mice to germ-free mice partly recapitulated the chemopreventive effects of PZH. PZH components ginsenoside-F2 and ginsenoside-Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on CRC cells and primary organoids, and PZH also inhibited tumorigenesis in azoxymethane plus dextran sulfate sodium-treated germ-free mice. CONCLUSIONS PZH manipulated gut microbiota and metabolites toward a more favorable profile, improved gut barrier function, and suppressed oncogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways, thereby suppressing colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Gou
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dehua Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Haiyun Shang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyi Zeng
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ziheng Huang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Miao Fan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxian Wei
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Du Y, Liu L, Yan W, Li Y, Li Y, Cui K, Yu P, Gu Z, Zhang W, Feng J, Li Z, Tang H, Du Y, Zhao H. The anticancer mechanisms of exopolysaccharide from Weissella cibaria D-2 on colorectal cancer via apoptosis induction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21117. [PMID: 38036594 PMCID: PMC10689803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Weissella cibaria has been devoted to the study of food industry. However, the anticancer activity of W. cibaria derived EPS has not yet been investigated. In this study, we obtained the EPS from W. cibaria D-2 isolated from the feces of healthy infants and found that D-2-EPS, a homopolysaccharide with porous web like structure, could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and induce cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In HT-29 tumor xenografts, D-2-EPS significantly retarded tumor growth without obvious cytotoxicity to normal organs. Furthermore, we revealed that D-2-EPS promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells by increasing the levels of Fas, FasL and activating Caspase-8/Caspase-3, indicating that D-2-EPS might induce apoptosis through the extrinsic Fas/FasL pathway. Taken together, the D-2-EPS has the potential to be developed as a nutraceutical or drug to prevent and treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Du
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Weiliang Yan
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yang Li
- International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanzhe Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Kang Cui
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Pu Yu
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - WanCun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Hao Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Heart Center of Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Yabing Du
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Huan Zhao
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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Tan H, Chen X, Wang C, Song J, Xu J, Zhang Y, Suo H. Intestinal organoid technology and applications in probiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-15. [PMID: 38032232 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2288887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of probiotics on maintaining the host's intestinal health have been extensively confirmed. Organoid technology revolutionizes intestinal health research by providing a unique platform to study the effects of probiotics. It overcomes challenges posed by animal models and 2D cell models in accurately simulating the in vivo environment. This review summarizes the development of intestinal organoid technology and its potential applications in intestinal health research as well as highlights the regulatory mechanisms of probiotics on intestinal health, which have been revealed using intestinal organoid technology. Furthermore, an overview of its potential applications in probiotic research has also been provided. This review aims to improve the understanding of intestinal organoid technology's applications in this field as well as to contribute to its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Agricultural Product Processing Technology Innovation Platform, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Agricultural Product Processing Technology Innovation Platform, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Agricultural Product Processing Technology Innovation Platform, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Agricultural Product Processing Technology Innovation Platform, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Fong W, Li Q, Ji F, Liang W, Lau HCH, Kang X, Liu W, To KKW, Zuo Z, Li X, Zhang X, Sung JJ, Yu J. Lactobacillus gallinarum-derived metabolites boost anti-PD1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by inhibiting regulatory T cells through modulating IDO1/Kyn/AHR axis. Gut 2023; 72:2272-2285. [PMID: 37770127 PMCID: PMC10715476 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota is a key player in dictating immunotherapy response. We aimed to explore the immunomodulatory effect of probiotic Lactobacillus gallinarum and its role in improving anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) efficacy against colorectal cancer (CRC). DESIGN The effects of L. gallinarum in anti-PD1 response were assessed in syngeneic mouse models and azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced CRC model. The change of immune landscape was identified by multicolour flow cytometry and validated by immunohistochemistry staining and in vitro functional assays. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to identify the functional metabolites. RESULTS L. gallinarum significantly improved anti-PD1 efficacy in two syngeneic mouse models with different microsatellite instability (MSI) statuses (MSI-high for MC38, MSI-low for CT26). Such effect was confirmed in CRC tumourigenesis model. L. gallinarum synergised with anti-PD1 therapy by reducing Foxp3+ CD25+ regulatory T cell (Treg) intratumoural infiltration, and enhancing effector function of CD8+ T cells. L. gallinarum-derived indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) was identified as the functional metabolite. Mechanistically, ICA inhibited indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) expression, therefore suppressing kynurenine (Kyn) production in tumours. ICA also competed with Kyn for binding site on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and antagonised Kyn binding on CD4+ T cells, thereby inhibiting Treg differentiation in vitro. ICA phenocopied L. gallinarum effect and significantly improved anti-PD1 efficacy in vivo, which could be reversed by Kyn supplementation. CONCLUSION L. gallinarum-derived ICA improved anti-PD1 efficacy in CRC through suppressing CD4+Treg differentiation and enhancing CD8+T cell function by modulating the IDO1/Kyn/AHR axis. L. gallinarum is a potential adjuvant to augment anti-PD1 efficacy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Fong
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Kin-Wah To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Jy Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Hou Y, Li J, Ying S. Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulatory Axis Integrating the Microbiome, Immunity, and Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:1166. [PMID: 37999261 PMCID: PMC10673612 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism and gut microbiota form an integrated regulatory axis that impacts immunity, metabolism, and cancer. This review consolidated current knowledge on the bidirectional interactions between microbial tryptophan processing and the host. We focused on how the gut microbiome controls tryptophan breakdown via the indole, kynurenine, and serotonin pathways. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induces disruptions in tryptophan catabolism which contribute to disorders like inflammatory conditions, neuropsychiatric diseases, metabolic syndromes, and cancer. These disruptions affect immune homeostasis, neurotransmission, and gut-brain communication. Elucidating the mechanisms of microbial tryptophan modulation could enable novel therapeutic approaches like psychobiotics and microbiome-targeted dietary interventions. Overall, further research on the microbiota-tryptophan axis has the potential to revolutionize personalized diagnostics and treatments for improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Hou
- Target Discovery Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China;
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Bioanalysis of Complex Matrix Samples, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Shuhuan Ying
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Bocimed Pharmaceutical Research Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
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Yu K, Li Q, Sun X, Peng X, Tang Q, Chu H, Zhou L, Wang B, Zhou Z, Deng X, Yang J, Lv J, Liu R, Miao C, Zhao W, Yao Z, Wang Q. Bacterial indole-3-lactic acid affects epithelium-macrophage crosstalk to regulate intestinal homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309032120. [PMID: 37903267 PMCID: PMC10636326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309032120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan and its derivatives perform a variety of biological functions; however, the role and specific mechanism of many tryptophan derivatives in intestinal inflammation remain largely unclear. Here, we identified that an Escherichia coli strain (Ec-TMU) isolated from the feces of tinidazole-treated individuals, and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) in its supernatant, decreased the susceptibility of mice to dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Ec-TMU and ILA contribute to the relief of colitis by inhibiting the production of epithelial CCL2/7, thereby reducing the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ILA downregulates glycolysis, NF-κB, and HIF signaling pathways via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, resulting in decreased CCL2/7 production in epithelial cells. Clinical evidence suggests that the fecal ILA level is negatively correlated with the progression indicator of inflammatory bowel diseases. These results demonstrate that ILA has the potential to regulate intestinal homeostasis by modulating epithelium-macrophage interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Xianping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Hongyu Chu
- Department of gastroenterology and hepatology, Tianjin Medical University general hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of gastroenterology and hepatology, Tianjin Medical University general hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of gastroenterology and hepatology, Tianjin Medical University general hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- Pasteurien College, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Pathogen Bioscience and Anti-infective Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Xueqin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Junqiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Chunhui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300070, China
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Kang X, Liu C, Ding Y, Ni Y, Ji F, Lau HCH, Jiang L, Sung JJ, Wong SH, Yu J. Roseburia intestinalis generated butyrate boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by activating cytotoxic CD8 + T cells. Gut 2023; 72:2112-2122. [PMID: 37491158 PMCID: PMC10579466 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Roseburia intestinalis is a probiotic species that can suppress intestinal inflammation by producing metabolites. We aimed to study the role of R. intestinalis in colorectal tumourigenesis and immunotherapy. DESIGN R. intestinalis abundance was evaluated in stools of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) (n=444) and healthy controls (n=575). The effects of R. intestinalis were studied in ApcMin/+ or azoxymethane (AOM)-induced CRC mouse models, and in syngeneic mouse xenograft models of CT26 (microsatellite instability (MSI)-low) or MC38 (MSI-high). The change of immune landscape was evaluated by multicolour flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry staining. Metabolites were profiled by metabolomic profiling. RESULTS R. intestinalis was significantly depleted in stools of patients with CRC compared with healthy controls. R. intestinalis administration significantly inhibited tumour formation in ApcMin/+ mice, which was confirmed in mice with AOM-induced CRC. R. intestinalis restored gut barrier function as indicated by improved intestinal permeability and enhanced expression of tight junction proteins. Butyrate was identified as the functional metabolite generated by R. intestinalis. R. intestinalis or butyrate suppressed tumour growth by inducing cytotoxic granzyme B+, interferon (IFN)-γ+ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α+ CD8+ T cells in orthotopic mouse models of MC38 or CT26. R. intestinalis or butyrate also significantly improved antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) efficacy in mice bearing MSI-low CT26 tumours. Mechanistically, butyrate directly bound to toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) receptor on CD8+ T cells to induce its activity through activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signalling. CONCLUSION R. intestinalis protects against colorectal tumourigenesis by producing butyrate, which could also improve anti-PD-1 efficacy by inducing functional CD8+ T cells. R. intestinalis is a potential adjuvant to augment anti-PD-1 efficacy against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Kang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Changan Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yanqiang Ding
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Yunbi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lanping Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Jy Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Xu F, Li Q, Wang S, Dong M, Xiao G, Bai J, Wang J, Sun X. The efficacy of prevention for colon cancer based on the microbiota therapy and the antitumor mechanisms with intervention of dietary Lactobacillus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0018923. [PMID: 37655887 PMCID: PMC10581183 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00189-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and their secreted metabolites have an influence on the initiation and progression of colon cancer. Probiotics are extensively perceived as a potential microbiota-modulation strategy to promote the health of the host, while the effectiveness of preventing colon cancer based on microbiota therapy has not been confirmed, and antitumor mechanisms influenced by microbiota and their metabolites with the intervention of probiotics remain to be further investigated. In vitro, Lactobacillus (JY300-8 and JMR-01) significantly inhibited the proliferation of CT26, HT29, and HCT116 cells. Moreover, we studied the prevention and therapy efficiency of Lactobacillus and its underlying antitumor mechanism through the alteration of gut microbiota and their metabolites regulated by Lactobacillus in colon cancer models in mice. We demonstrated that the pre-administration of Lactobacillus (JY300-8 and JMR-01) for 20 days before establishing tumor models resulted in an 86.21% reduction in tumor formation rate compared to tumor control group. Subsequently, continuous oral administration of living Lactobacillus significantly suppresses tumor growth, and tumor volumes decrease by 65.2%. Microbiome and metabolome analyses reveal that Lactobacillus suppresses colonic tumorigenesis and progression through the modulation of gut microbiota homeostasis and metabolites, including the down-regulation of secondary bile acids, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and pyrimidine metabolism, as well as the production of anticarcinogenic compounds in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, metabolome analyses of Lactobacillus (JY300-8 and JMR-01) indicate that living Lactobacillus could reduce the relative abundance of alanine and L-serine to suppress tumor progression by regulating the tumor microenvironment, including down-regulation of pyrimidine metabolism and S1P signaling in cancer. These findings provide a potential prevention strategy and therapeutic target for colon cancer through the intervention of dietary Lactobacillus. IMPORTANCE The modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites has a significant influence on the progression of colon cancer. Our research indicated that the intervention of probiotics is a potentially feasible strategy for preventing colon cancer. We have also revealed the underlying antitumor mechanism through the alteration of gut microbiota and their metabolites, which could lead to broader biomedical impacts on the prevention and therapy of colon cancer with microbiota-based therapy regulated by probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Xu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoyin Dong
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Xiao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junkai Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xisi Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ma Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Yu Y, Li Y, Song M, Wang J. Efficient Mining of Anticancer Peptides from Gut Metagenome. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300107. [PMID: 37382183 PMCID: PMC10477861 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating host health and disease. It serves as a vast reservoir of functional molecules that hold great potential for clinical applications. One specific area of interest is identifying anticancer peptides (ACPs) for innovative cancer therapies. However, ACPs discovery is hindered by a heavy reliance on experimental methodologies. To overcome this limitation, we here employed a novel approach by leveraging the overlap between ACPs and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). By combining well-established AMP prediction methods with mining techniques in metagenomic cohorts, a total of 40 potential ACPs is identified. Out of the identified ACPs, 39 demonstrated inhibitory effects against at least one cancer cell line, exhibiting significant differences from known ACPs. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of the two most promising peptides in a mouse xenograft cancer model is evaluated. Encouragingly, the peptides exhibit effective tumor inhibition without any detectable toxic effects. Interestingly, both peptides display uncommon secondary structures, highlighting its distinctive characteristics. This findings highlight the efficacy of the multi-center mining approach, which effectively uncovers novel ACPs from the gut microbiome. This approach has significant implications for expanding treatment options not only for CRC, but also for other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology24306PlönGermany
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology24306PlönGermany
| | - Xuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
| | - Ying Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
| | - Yujing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine100101BeijingP. R. China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
- Institute for Stem Cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine100101BeijingP. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences100101BeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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Gweon TG. [Gut Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2023; 82:56-62. [PMID: 37621240 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2023.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in Korea. A majority of CRCs are caused by progressive genomic alterations referred to as the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. The factors that may increase the risk of CRC include obesity and consumption of a high-fat diet, red meat, processed meat, and alcohol. Recently, the role of gut microbiota in the formation, progression and treatment of CRCs has been investigated in depth. An altered gut microbiota can drive carcinogenesis and cause the development of CRC. Studies have also shown the role of gut microbiota in the prevention of CRC and the impact of therapies involving gut microbiota on CRC. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC and its therapeutic potential, including the prevention of CRC and in enhancing efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Geun Gweon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Zhao J, Liao Y, Wei C, Ma Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Zhao B, Ji H, Wang D, Tang D. Potential Ability of Probiotics in the Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2023; 17:11795549231188225. [PMID: 37601319 PMCID: PMC10437046 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231188225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and its incidence rate and mortality are on the rise in many countries. In recent years, with the improvement of economic conditions, people's living habits have changed, including lack of physical activity, poor diet patterns and circadian rhythm disorder. These risk factors can change the colon environment and the composition of intestinal microbiota. This state is called intestinal imbalance, which increases the risk of cancer. Probiotics, a class of microorganisms that help maintain gut microbial homeostasis and alleviate dysbiosis, may help prevent inflammation and colorectal cancer. These probiotics inhibit or ameliorate the effects of dysbiosis through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), modulation of immunity, maintenance of the intestinal epithelial barrier, pro-apoptotic mechanisms, and other mechanisms. This review aims to explain the interaction between probiotics, the gut microenvironment and the gut microbiota, and summarize reports on the possibility of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yichao Ma
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuji Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Daorong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Li Q, Chan H, Liu WX, Liu CA, Zhou Y, Huang D, Wang X, Li X, Xie C, Liu WYZ, Wang XS, Ng SK, Gou H, Zhao LY, Fong W, Jiang L, Lin Y, Zhao G, Bai F, Liu X, Chen H, Zhang L, Wong SH, Chan MTV, Wu WKK, Yu J. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum boosts intestinal vitamin D production to suppress colorectal cancer in female mice. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1450-1465.e8. [PMID: 37478851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum was found to be specifically depleted in female patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Administration of C. maltaromaticum reduces intestinal tumor formation in two murine CRC models in a female-specific manner. Estrogen increases the attachment and colonization of C. maltaromaticum via increasing the colonic expression of SLC3A2 that binds to DD-CPase of this bacterium. Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling unveils the increased gut abundance of vitamin D-related metabolites and the mucosal activation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling in C. maltaromaticum-gavaged mice in a gut microbiome- and VDR-dependent manner. In vitro fermentation system confirms the metabolic cross-feeding of C. maltaromaticum with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii to convert C. maltaromaticum-produced 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D for activating the host VDR signaling. Overall, C. maltaromaticum colonizes the gut in an estrogen-dependent manner and acts along with other microbes to augment the intestinal vitamin D production to activate the host VDR for suppressing CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hung Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chang-An Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoxing Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Ying-Zhi Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xian-Song Wang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu Kin Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hongyan Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liu-Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie Fong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lanping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yufeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guijun Zhao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Endoscopic Digestive Disease, Inner Mongolia people's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Feihu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huarong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Matthew Tak Vai Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Alhhazmi AA, Alhamawi RM, Almisned RM, Almutairi HA, Jan AA, Kurdi SM, Almutawif YA, Mohammed-Saeid W. Gut Microbial and Associated Metabolite Markers for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2037. [PMID: 37630597 PMCID: PMC10457972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of mortality worldwide. Considerable evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community and its metabolite secretions play a fundamental role in advanced adenoma (ADA) and CRC development and progression. This study is a systematic review that aims to assess the clinical association between gut microbial markers and/or gut and circulating metabolites with ADA and CRC. Five electronic databases were searched by four independent reviewers. Only controlled trials that compared ADA and/or CRC with healthy control (HC) using either untargeted (16s rRNA gene or whole genome sequencing) or targeted (gene-based real-time PCR) identification methods for gut microbiome profile, or untargeted or targeted metabolite profiling approaches from the gut or serum/plasma, were eligible. Three independent reviewers evaluated the quality of the studies using the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Twenty-four studies were eligible. We identified strong evidence of two microbial markers Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas for ADA vs. CRC, and nine microbial markers Lachnospiraceae-Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae-Ruminococcus, Parvimonas spp., Parvimonas micra, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacterium spp., Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus-Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Clostridia spp.-Clostridium hylemonae, Clostridium symbiosum, and Porphyromonas-Porphyromonas asaccharolytica for CRC vs. HC. The remaining metabolite marker evidence between the various groups, including ADA vs. HC, ADA vs. HC, and CRC vs. HC, was not of sufficient quality to support additional findings. The identified gut microbial markers can be used in a panel for diagnosing ADA and/or CRC. Further research in the metabolite markers area is needed to evaluate the possibility to use in diagnostic or prognostic markers for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areej A. Alhhazmi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (S.M.K.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Renad M. Alhamawi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (S.M.K.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Reema M. Almisned
- Seha Polyclinic, P.O. Box 150, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanouf A. Almutairi
- Bioscience Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), P.O. Box 6900, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahdab A. Jan
- Abdulla Fouad Medical Supplies and Services (AFMS), P.O. Box 150, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 21414, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahad M. Kurdi
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (S.M.K.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yahya A. Almutawif
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia; (R.M.A.); (S.M.K.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Waleed Mohammed-Saeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
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Liu Z, Hong L, Ling Z. Potential role of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract: More than passengers. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16756-16773. [PMID: 37377377 PMCID: PMC10501248 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated bacteria and gut microbiota have gained significant attention in recent years due to their potential role in cancer development and therapeutic response. This review aims to discuss the contributions of intratumor bacteria outside the gastrointestinal tract, in addition to exploring the mechanisms, functions, and implications of these bacteria in cancer therapy. METHODS We reviewed current literature on intratumor bacteria and their impact on tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and anti-tumor immune modulation. Additionally, we examined techniques used to detect intratumor bacteria, precautions necessary when handling low microbial biomass tumor samples, and the recent progress in bacterial manipulation for tumor treatment. RESULTS Research indicates that each type of cancer uniquely interacts with its microbiome, and bacteria can be detected even in non-gastrointestinal tumors with low bacterial abundance. Intracellular bacteria have the potential to regulate tumor cells' biological behavior and contribute to critical aspects of tumor development. Furthermore, bacterial-based anti-tumor therapies have shown promising results in cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the complex interactions between intratumor bacteria and tumor cells could lead to the development of more precise cancer treatment strategies. Further research into non-gastrointestinal tumor-associated bacteria is needed to identify new therapeutic approaches and expand our knowledge of the microbiota's role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Liu
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lian‐Lian Hong
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Ling
- Zhejiang Cancer Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Bu F, Tu Y, Wan Z, Tu S. Herbal medicine and its impact on the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1096008. [PMID: 37469598 PMCID: PMC10352802 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1096008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that there are trillions of gut microbiota (GM) in the human gut. GM and its metabolites can reportedly cause cancer by causing abnormal immune responses. With the development of sequencing technology and the application of germ-free models in recent years, significant inroads have been achieved in research on GM and microbiota-related metabolites. Accordingly, the role and mechanism of GM in colorectal cancer (CRC) development have been gradually revealed. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) represents an important source of natural medicines and herbal products, with huge potential as anti-CRC agents. The potential application of TCM to target gut microbes for the treatment of colorectal cancer represents an exciting area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Tu
- The Second Affiliated College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziang Wan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiliang Tu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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46
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Shatova OP, Zabolotneva AA, Shestopalov AV. Molecular Ensembles of Microbiotic Metabolites in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:867-879. [PMID: 37751860 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923070027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of carcinogenesis are extremely complex and involve multiple components that contribute to the malignant cell transformation, tumor growth, and metastasis. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the role of symbiotic human microbiota in the regulation of metabolism and functioning of host immune system. The symbiosis between a macroorganism and its microbiota has given rise to the concept of a holoorganism. Interactions between the components of a holoorganism have formed in the process of coevolution, resulting in the acquisition by microbiotic metabolites of a special role of signaling molecules and main regulators of molecular interactions in the holoorganism. As elements of signaling pathways in the host organism, bacterial metabolites have become essential participants in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor growth. At the same time, signaling metabolites often exhibit multiple effects and impact both the functions of the host cells and metabolic activity and composition of the microbiome. This review discusses the role of microbiotic metabolites in the induction and prevention of malignant transformation of cells in the host organism and their impact on the efficacy of anticancer therapy, with special emphasis on the involvement of some components of the microbial metabolite molecular ensemble in the initiation and progression of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P Shatova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Peoples's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Zabolotneva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aleksandr V Shestopalov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Zhao X, Wu H, Zhu R, Shang G, Wei J, Shang H, Tian P, Chen T, Wei H. Combination of thalidomide and Clostridium butyricum relieves chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting via gut microbiota and vagus nerve activity modulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220165. [PMID: 37426650 PMCID: PMC10327820 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting (CINV) are distressful and widespread side effects of chemotherapy, and additional efficient regimens to alleviate CINV are urgently needed. In the present study, colorectal cancer (CRC) mice model induced by Azoxymethane (AOM)/Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) was employed to evaluate the cancer suppression and CINV amelioration effect of the combination of thalidomide (THD) and Clostridium butyricum. Our results suggested that the combination of THD and C. butyricum abundantly enhanced the anticancer effect of cisplatin via activating the caspase-3 apoptosis pathway, and also ameliorated CINV via inhibiting the neurotransmitter (e.g., 5-HT and tachykinin 1) and its receptor (e.g., 5-HT3R and NK-1R) in brain and colon. Additionally, the combination of THD and C. butyricum reversed the gut dysbacteriosis in CRC mice by increasing the abundance of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Ruminococcus at the genus level, and also led to increased expression of occludin and Trek1 in the colon, while decreased expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and HDAC1, as well as the mRNA level of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In all, these results suggest that the combination of THD and C. butyricum had good efficacy in enhancing cancer treatments and ameliorating CINV, which thus provides a more effective strategy for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanqi Zhao
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Heng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ruizhe Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | | | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Puyuan Tian
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim JH, Seo H, Kim S, Ul-Haq A, Rahim MA, Jo S, Song HY, Song YS. Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Is Associated with the Composition of Lactobacillus: Microbiome Analysis of Prostatic Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10423. [PMID: 37445601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many human pathologies, such as malignancy, are linked with specific bacteria and changes in the constituents of the microbiome. In order to examine the association between an imbalance of bacteria and prostate carcinoma, a comparison of the microbiomes present in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) or NO BCR (NBCR) was performed. Additionally, 16S rRNA-based next-generation sequencing was applied to identify the bacterial profiles within these tumors in terms of the bacteria and operational genes present. The percentage average taxonomic composition between the taxa indicated no difference between BCR and NBCR. In addition, alpha and beta diversity indices presented no distinction between the cohorts in any statistical method. However, taxonomic biomarker discovery indicated a relatively higher population of Lactobacillus in the NBCR group, and this finding was supported by PCR data. Along with that, differences in the operational activity of the bacterial genes were also determined. It is proposed that the biochemical recurrence was linked to the quantity of Lactobacillus present. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiome involved in prostate carcinoma and the potential association between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Asad Ul-Haq
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abdur Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Jo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31151, Republic of Korea
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seob Song
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
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Yin Y, Martínez R, Zhang W, Estévez M. Crosstalk between dietary pomegranate and gut microbiota: evidence of health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-27. [PMID: 37335106 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2219763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is an invisible organ that plays an important role in human health. Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols in pomegranate (punicalagin, PU) could serve as prebiotics to modulate the composition and function of GM. In turn, GM transform PU into bioactive metabolites such as ellagic acid (EA) and urolithin (Uro). In this review, the interplay between pomegranate and GM is thoroughly described by unveiling a dialog in which both actors seem to affect each other's roles. In a first dialog, the influence of bioactive compounds from pomegranate on GM is described. The second act shows how the GM biotransform pomegranate phenolics into Uro. Finally, the health benefits of Uro and that related molecular mechanism are summarized and discussed. Intake of pomegranate promotes beneficial bacteria in GM (e.g. Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp.) while reducing the growth of harmful bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis group, Clostridia). Akkermansia muciniphila, and Gordonibacter spp., among others, biotransform PU and EA into Uro. Uro contributes to strengthening intestinal barrier and reducing inflammatory processes. Yet, Uro production varies greatly among individuals and depend on GM composition. Uro-producing bacteria and precise metabolic pathways need to be further elucidated therefore contributing to personalized and precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Remigio Martínez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Animal Health Department, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mario Estévez
- TECAL Research Group, IPROCAR Research Institute, Universidad de Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Wong CC, Yu J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023:10.1038/s41571-023-00766-x. [PMID: 37169888 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers globally. A unique aspect of CRC is its intimate association with the gut microbiota, which forms an essential part of the tumour microenvironment. Research over the past decade has established that dysbiosis of gut bacteria, fungi, viruses and Archaea accompanies colorectal tumorigenesis, and these changes might be causative. Data from mechanistic studies demonstrate the ability of the gut microbiota to interact with the colonic epithelia and immune cells of the host via the release of a diverse range of metabolites, proteins and macromolecules that regulate CRC development. Preclinical and some clinical evidence also underscores the role of the gut microbiota in modifying the therapeutic responses of patients with CRC to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Herein, we summarize our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in CRC and outline the potential translational and clinical implications for CRC diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Emphasis is placed on how the gut microbiota could now be better harnessed by developing targeted microbial therapeutics as chemopreventive agents against colorectal tumorigenesis, as adjuvants for chemotherapy and immunotherapy to boost drug efficacy and safety, and as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC screening and patient stratification. Finally, we highlight the hurdles and potential solutions to translating our knowledge of the gut microbiota into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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