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Byndloss M, Devkota S, Duca F, Niess JH, Nieuwdorp M, Orho-Melander M, Sanz Y, Tremaroli V, Zhao L. The Gut Microbiota and Diabetes: Research, Translation, and Clinical Applications-2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum. Diabetes 2024; 73:1391-1410. [PMID: 38912690 PMCID: PMC11333376 DOI: 10.2337/dbi24-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This article summarizes the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organized by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in the field of the intestinal microbiome and metabolism. Their conclusions were as follows: 1) the GM may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as microbially produced metabolites associate both positively and negatively with the disease, and mechanistic links of GM functions (e.g., genes for butyrate production) with glucose metabolism have recently emerged through the use of Mendelian randomization in humans; 2) the highly individualized nature of the GM poses a major research obstacle, and large cohorts and a deep-sequencing metagenomic approach are required for robust assessments of associations and causation; 3) because single-time point sampling misses intraindividual GM dynamics, future studies with repeated measures within individuals are needed; and 4) much future research will be required to determine the applicability of this expanding knowledge to diabetes diagnosis and treatment, and novel technologies and improved computational tools will be important to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Byndloss
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Human Microbiome Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Digestive Healthcare Center, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabeter Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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Byndloss M, Devkota S, Duca F, Niess JH, Nieuwdorp M, Orho-Melander M, Sanz Y, Tremaroli V, Zhao L. The gut microbiota and diabetes: research, translation, and clinical applications - 2023 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06198-1. [PMID: 38910152 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This article summarises the state of the science on the role of the gut microbiota (GM) in diabetes from a recent international expert forum organised by Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia, which was held at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2023 Annual Meeting in Hamburg, Germany. Forum participants included clinicians and basic scientists who are leading investigators in the field of the intestinal microbiome and metabolism. Their conclusions were as follows: (1) the GM may be involved in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, as microbially produced metabolites associate both positively and negatively with the disease, and mechanistic links of GM functions (e.g. genes for butyrate production) with glucose metabolism have recently emerged through the use of Mendelian randomisation in humans; (2) the highly individualised nature of the GM poses a major research obstacle, and large cohorts and a deep-sequencing metagenomic approach are required for robust assessments of associations and causation; (3) because single time point sampling misses intraindividual GM dynamics, future studies with repeated measures within individuals are needed; and (4) much future research will be required to determine the applicability of this expanding knowledge to diabetes diagnosis and treatment, and novel technologies and improved computational tools will be important to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Byndloss
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Suzanne Devkota
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Human Microbiome Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Digestive Healthcare Center, Clarunis, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Diabeter Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Wang Z, Xie N, Liang X, Shu Q, Hong Y, Shi H, Wang J, Fan D, Liu N, Xu F. Gut mechanoimmunology: Shaping immune response through physical cues. Phys Life Rev 2024; 50:13-26. [PMID: 38821019 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The gut immune system embodies a complex interplay between the gut mucosal barrier, the host's immune cells, and gut microbiota. These components exist within a dynamic environment characterized by a variety of physical cues, e.g., compression, tension, shear stress, stiffness, and viscoelasticity. The physical cues can be modified under specific pathological conditions. Given their dynamic nature, comprehending the specific effects of these physical cues on the gut immune system is critical for pathological and therapeutic studies of intestinal immune-related diseases. This review aims to discuss how physical cues influence gut immunology by affecting the gut mucosal barrier, host immune cells, and gut microbiota, defining this concept as gut mechanoimmunology. This review seeks to highlight that an enhanced understanding of gut mechanoimmunology carries therapeutic implications, not only for intestinal diseases but also for extraintestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiru Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijie Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Thisayakorn P, Thipakorn Y, Tantavisut S, Sirivichayakul S, Vojdani A, Maes M. Increased IgA-mediated responses to the gut paracellular pathway and blood-brain barrier proteins predict delirium due to hip fracture in older adults. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1294689. [PMID: 38379706 PMCID: PMC10876854 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1294689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Delirium is accompanied by immune response system activation, which may, in theory, cause a breakdown of the gut barrier and blood-brain barrier (BBB). Some results suggest that the BBB is compromised in delirium, but there is no data regarding the gut barrier. This study investigates whether delirium is associated with impaired BBB and gut barriers in elderly adults undergoing hip fracture surgery. Methods We recruited 59 older adults and measured peak Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) scores 2-3 days after surgery, and assessed plasma IgG/IgA levels (using ELISA techniques) for zonulin, occludin, claudin-6, β-catenin, actin (indicating damage to the gut paracellular pathway), claudin-5 and S100B (reflecting BBB damage), bacterial cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), LPS-binding protein (LBP), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Helicobacter pylori. Results Results from univariate analyses showed that delirium is linked to increased IgA responses to all the self-epitopes and antigens listed above, except for LPS. Part of the variance (between 45-48.3%) in the peak DRS score measured 2-3 days post-surgery was explained by independent effects of IgA directed to LPS and LBP (or bacterial CDT), baseline DRS scores, and previous mild stroke. Increased IgA reactivity to the paracellular pathway and BBB proteins and bacterial antigens is significantly associated with the activation of M1 macrophage, T helper-1, and 17 cytokine profiles. Conclusion Heightened bacterial translocation, disruption of the tight and adherens junctions of the gut and BBB barriers, elevated CDT and LPS load in the bloodstream, and aberrations in cell-cell interactions may be risk factors for delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thisayakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanin Thipakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saran Tantavisut
- Department of Orthopedics, Hip Fracture Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aristo Vojdani
- Immunosciences Lab Inc., Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Cyrex Labs LLC, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Michael Maes
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Machado MPR, Gama LA, Beckmann APS, Pinto LA, de Miranda JRDA, Marques RG, Américo MF. Gastric plication surgery changes gastrointestinal and metabolic parameters in an obesity-induced high-fat diet model. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14717. [PMID: 37994287 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity treatment includes less invasive procedures such as gastric plication (GP) surgery; however, its effects on gastrointestinal (GI) motility parameters are underestimated. We aimed to verify the metabolic and gastrointestinal effects of GP surgery in the rat obesity model. METHODS A high-fat diet-induced obesity was used. Animals were allocated to four experimental groups: control sham (n = 6); control GP (n = 10); obese sham (n = 6); and obese GP (n = 10). Nutritional and murinometric parameters, gastric motility, glucose tolerance, histopathology, fat depots, leptin, and lipoproteins levels were evaluated 30 days after surgery. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by post Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparisons test. KEY RESULTS Gastric plication decreased leptin levels, feed efficiency, and body weight gain. GP does not improve lipid profile in obese animals and however, ameliorates glucose tolerance in control and obese rats. GP did not improve the gastric emptying time or normalize the frequency of contractions disturbed by obesity. Surgery provides a remodeling process in the mucosa and muscularis mucosa layers, evidenced by leukocyte infiltration mainly in the mucosa layer. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our study revealed the influence of the gastrointestinal tract on obesity is underestimated with pieces of evidence pointing out its important role as a target for surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pirani Rocha Machado
- São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
- Araguaia Valley University Center (UNIVAR), Barra do Garças, Brazil
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Zhang H, Liu M, Song F, Zhu X, Lu Q, Liu R. Fermentation enhances the amelioration effect of bee pollen on Caco-2 monolayer epithelial barrier dysfunction based on NF-κB-mediated MLCK-MLC signaling pathway. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113938. [PMID: 38309866 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier integrity is essential for normal nutrient digestion and absorption and disease resistance. This study aims to investigate how fermentation affects the ameliorative effect of bee pollen on the intestinal barrier dysfunction stimulated by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor (IFN-γ/TNF-α) cytokines. The results indicated that fermentation enhances the alleviating effect of bee pollen on intestinal barrier dysfunction (including elevated trans epithelial electrical resistance and decreased paracellular permeability). In addition, fermented bee pollen (FBP) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the secretion levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1β and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein in intestinal barrier cells. Furthermore, fermentation improved the ability of bee pollen to up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occluding, and claudin-1. Notably, FBP showed stronger ability to inhibit the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) mediated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin light chain (MLC) signaling pathway associated with phosphorylated proteins. Overall, our results indicated that fermentation enhances the protective effect of bee pollen on the intestinal barrier, and FBP has promising potential to be used as a novel functional food to protect the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fanfen Song
- Research Unit VEG-i-TEC, Faculty of BioscienceEngineering, Ghent University, Sint-Martens-Latemlaan2B, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food for State Market Regulation, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Qun Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Wuhan Engineering Research Center of Bee Products on Quality and Safety Control, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Li Y, Tian YY, Wang J, Lin R, Zhang Y, Zhang MM, Dong TW, Li M, Xie YH, Zheng XH, Yang Q, Yuan JN, Si-Wang W. Main active components of Ilex rotunda Thunb. protect against ulcerative colitis by restoring the intestinal mucosal barrier and modulating the cytokine-cytokine interaction pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116961. [PMID: 37541404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex rotunda Thunb. (IR) is widely used for gastrointestinal diseases by Yao physician, and it has a better clinical curative effect on ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the main active components and mechanism of IR in the treatment of UC remain to be clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the main active components and mechanism of IR in the treatment of UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten biological active components of IR were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. In vitro, Caco2 cell monolayers were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, and were treated with 10 biologically active components individually to investigate the protective role of the components of IR in mucosal barrier damage. In vivo, a mouse model of UC was induced by dextran sulfate sodium and administered with the candidate active components of IR. On day 8, the serum and colon tissue were collected for histological and molecular analysis to investigate the main active components and mechanism of IR. RESULTS Ziyuglycoside I, ziyuglycoside II, syringin, and pedunculoside in IR reduced phenol red transmission of the monolayer, and inhibited the protein expression of oncostatin M and oncostatin M receptor in Caco2 cells. Notably, ziyuglycoside II and syringin decreased the transepithelial electrical resistance of the monolayer, and promoted the protein expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in Caco2 cells. In vivo, ziyuglycoside II and syringin improved the symptoms of UC mice, including body weight, disease activity score, shortening of colon length, damaging of acidic mucus layer, histopathological changes, and protein expression of Occludin, Claudin-1, and ZO-1. Pedunculoside reduced the neutrophils and inflammatory response in the UC mice. Moreover, when the combination of ziyuglycoside II, syringin and pedunculoside was used for the treatment of UC, syringin and pedunculoside enhanced the therapeutic effect of ziyuglycoside II. Finally, RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR analysis revealed that ziyuglycoside II + syringin + pedunculoside and IR coregulated up to 42.7% of genes, and mainly reduced the overexpression of C-X-C motif ligand 1(CXCL1), oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), interleukin 1 receptor type I (IL1R1), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9), C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), oncostatin M (OSM), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the cytokine-cytokine interaction pathways. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ziyuglycoside II, syringin, and pedunculoside protects against UC by modulating the intestinal mucosal barrier and inhibiting the cytokine-cytokine interaction pathways, and the effect is relatively equivalent to that of the water extract of Ilex rotunda Thunb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- The College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China.
| | - Yun-Yuan Tian
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Wang
- The College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- The College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Tai-Wei Dong
- The College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Li
- The College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yan-Hua Xie
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Medicines, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Ni Yuan
- Air Force Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang Si-Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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Sah RK, Nandan A, Kv A, S P, S S, Jose A, Venkidasamy B, Nile SH. Decoding the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain axis, stress-resilience, or stress-susceptibility: A review. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 91:103861. [PMID: 38134565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Increased exposure to stress is associated with stress-related disorders, including depression, anxiety, and neurodegenerative conditions. However, susceptibility to stress is not seen in every individual exposed to stress, and many of them exhibit resilience. Thus, developing resilience to stress could be a big breakthrough in stress-related disorders, with the potential to replace or act as an alternative to the available therapies. In this article, we have focused on the recent advancements in gut microbiome research and the potential role of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in developing resilience or susceptibility to stress. There might be a complex interaction between the autonomic nervous system (ANS), immune system, endocrine system, microbial metabolites, and bioactive lipids like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), neurotransmitters, and their metabolites that regulates the communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. High fiber intake, prebiotics, probiotics, plant supplements, and fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) could be beneficial against gut dysbiosis-associated brain disorders. These could promote the growth of SCFA-producing bacteria, thereby enhancing the gut barrier and reducing the gut inflammatory response, increase the expression of the claudin-2 protein associated with the gut barrier, and maintain the blood-brain barrier integrity by promoting the expression of tight junction proteins such as claudin-5. Their neuroprotective effects might also be related to enhancing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). Further investigations are needed in the field of the gut microbiome for the elucidation of the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Amritasree Nandan
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Athira Kv
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India.
| | - Prashant S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi 682 041, Kerala, India
| | - Sathianarayanan S
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Mangalore, India
| | - Asha Jose
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and research, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India.
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9
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Li H, Liu S, Zhang K, Zhu X, Dai J, Lu Y. Gut microbiome and plasma metabolome alterations in myopic mice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1251243. [PMID: 38179454 PMCID: PMC10764480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1251243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases leading to blurred distance vision. Inflammatory diseases could trigger or exacerbate myopic changes. Although gut microbiota bacteria are associated with various inflammatory diseases, little is known about its role in myopia. Materials and methods The mice were randomly divided into control and model groups, with the model group being attached-30D lens onto the eyes for 3 weeks. Then, mouse cecal contents and plasma were collected to analyze their intestinal microbiota and plasma metabolome. Results We identified that the microbial composition differed considerably between the myopic and non-myopic mice, with the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum decreased obviously while that of Actinobacteria phylum was increased in myopia. Furthermore, Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with axial lengths (ALs) of eyeballs while negatively correlated with refractive diopters. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 141 differentially expressed metabolites, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed considerable enrichment mainly in amino acid metabolism pathways. Notably, pathways involved glutamate metabolism including "Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism" and "Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism" was changed dramatically, which presented as the concentrations of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine decreased obviously in myopia. Interestingly, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolites alternations in myopia have a disrupting gut barrier feature. We further demonstrated that the gut barrier function was impaired in myopic mice manifesting in decreased expression of Occludin, ZO-1 and increased permeation of FITC-dextran. Discussion Myopic mice had obviously altered gut microbiome and metabolites profiles compared to non-myopic mice. The dysbiosis and plasma metabolomics shift in myopia had an interrupting gut barrier feature. Our study provides new insights into the possible role of the gut microbiota in myopia and reinforces the potential feasibility of microbiome-based therapies in myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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10
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Dunleavy KA, Raffals LE, Camilleri M. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Underpinning Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:4306-4320. [PMID: 37773554 PMCID: PMC10798146 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08122-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is composed of several essential elements including luminal enzymes, bile acids, water layer, epithelial layer, and enterocyte layer. It acts as a dynamic interface between the luminal contents of food, commensal and pathogenic bacteria, and the gastrointestinal tract. The role of barrier dysfunction is of significant research interest in the development and targeted treatment of chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease. This review aims to examine the role of intestinal barrier dysfunction in the development of inflammatory bowel disease, the pathophysiology of increased barrier permeability in inflammatory bowel disease, and to explore potential treatment targets and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Dunleavy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Laura E Raffals
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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11
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Kharrazian D, Herbert M, Lambert J. The Relationships between Intestinal Permeability and Target Antibodies for a Spectrum of Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16352. [PMID: 38003542 PMCID: PMC10671756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of autoimmune diseases that have limited treatment options and preventive strategies is rapidly rising. There is growing evidence that the microbiota and the integrity of the intestinal barrier play a role in autoimmune diseases. The potential to evaluate intestinal barrier integrity for susceptible individuals and to determine whether restoring intestinal junction integrity impacts autoimmune diseases is an important area of research that requires further attention. In the intestinal permeability model of autoimmune diseases, the breakdown of the intestinal tight junction proteins (zonulin/occludin) allows bacteria, toxins, undigested dietary proteins, and other antigens to pass into the lumen, thereby increasing the number of inflammatory reactions and the activation of immune cells throughout the body. In this study, we investigate the relationship between zonulin/occludin antibodies, which are used to determine intestinal permeability, with autoantibodies used to diagnose autoimmunity. Our investigation may identify significant levels of circulating autoantibodies in human subjects with intestinal permeability compared to those without intestinal permeability. Furthermore, we identified that significant positive linear correlations between serum occludin/zonulin antibodies and circulating autoantibodies could be used to determine autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datis Kharrazian
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Martha Herbert
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
- Higher Synthesis Foundation, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jama Lambert
- Independent Researcher, Puerto Vallarta 48300, Jalisco, Mexico;
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12
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Wu L, Zhao H, Zhang M, Sun Q, Chang E, Li X, Ouyang W, Le Y, Ma D. Regulated cell death and inflammasome activation in gut injury following traumatic surgery in vitro and in vivo: implication for postoperative death due to multiorgan dysfunction. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:409. [PMID: 37935670 PMCID: PMC10630406 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative multi-organ dysfunction (MOD) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Necroptosis has been implicated in different types of solid organ injury; however, the mechanisms linking necroptosis to inflammation require further elucidation. The present study examines the involvement of necroptosis and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in small intestine injury following traumatic surgery. Kidney transplantation in rats and renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice were used as traumatic and laparotomic surgery models to study necroptosis and inflammasome activation in the small intestinal post-surgery; additional groups also received receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) inhibitor necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s). To investigate whether necroptosis regulates inflammasome activity in vitro, necroptosis was induced in human colonic epithelial cancer cells (Caco-2) by a combination of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), SMAC mimetic LCL-161 and pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-Oph (together, TLQ), and necroptosis was blocked by Nec-1s or mixed lineage kinase-domain like (MLKL) inhibitor necrosulfonamide (NSA). Renal transplantation and renal ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) upregulated the expression of necroptosis mediators (RIPK1; RIPK3; phosphorylated-MLKL) and inflammasome components (P2X purinoceptor subfamily 7, P2X7R; NLRP3; caspase-1) in the small intestines at 24 h, and Nec-1s suppressed the expression of inflammasome components. TLQ treatment induced NLRP3 inflammasome, promoted cleavage of caspase-1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and stimulated extracellular ATP release from Caco-2 cells, and MLKL inhibitor NSA prevented TLQ-induced inflammasome activity and ATP release from Caco-2 cells. Our work suggested that necroptosis and inflammasome interactively promote remote postoperative small intestinal injury, at least in part, through ATP purinergic signalling. Necroptosis-inflammasome axis may be considered as novel therapeutic target for tackling postoperative MOD in the critical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wu
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hailin Zhao
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mengxu Zhang
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Qizhe Sun
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Enqiang Chang
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Xinyi Li
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Brain Homeostasis, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Silvestri A, Gil-Gomez A, Vitale M, Braga D, Demitri C, Brescia P, Madaghiele M, Spadoni I, Jones B, Fornasa G, Mouries J, Carloni S, Lizier M, Romero-Gomez M, Penna G, Sannino A, Rescigno M. Biomimetic superabsorbent hydrogel acts as a gut protective dynamic exoskeleton improving metabolic parameters and expanding A. muciniphila. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101235. [PMID: 37852177 PMCID: PMC10591066 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders worldwide highlights the urgent need to find new long-term and clinically meaningful weight-loss therapies. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential and the mechanism of action of a biomimetic cellulose-based oral superabsorbent hydrogel (OSH). Treatment with OSH exerts effects on intestinal tissue and gut microbiota composition, functioning like a protective dynamic exoskeleton. It protects from gut barrier permeability disruption and induces rapid and consistent changes in the gut microbiota composition, specifically fostering Akkermansia muciniphila expansion. The mechanobiological, physical, and chemical structures of the gel are required for A. muciniphila growth. OSH treatment induces weight loss and reduces fat accumulation, in both preventative and therapeutic settings. OSH usage also prevents liver steatosis, immune infiltration, and fibrosis, limiting the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our work shows the potential of using OSH as a non-systemic mechanobiological approach to treat metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Gil-Gomez
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Milena Vitale
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Braga
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Demitri
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Gelesis, 73021 Calimera, Lecce, Italy
| | - Paola Brescia
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Madaghiele
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Gelesis, 73021 Calimera, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ilaria Spadoni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Fornasa
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Juliette Mouries
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Carloni
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Lizier
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sannino
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Gelesis, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Abuqwider J, Di Porzio A, Barrella V, Gatto C, Sequino G, De Filippis F, Crescenzo R, Spagnuolo MS, Cigliano L, Mauriello G, Iossa S, Mazzoli A. Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 reverses gut metabolic dysfunction induced by Western diet in adult rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1236417. [PMID: 37908302 PMCID: PMC10613642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1236417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria is an efficient and innovative new technique aimed at preserving bacterial survival in the hostile conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. However, understanding whether a microcapsule preserves the effectiveness of the bacterium contained within it is of fundamental importance. Methods Male Wistar rats aged 90 days were fed a control diet or a Western diet for 8 weeks, with rats fed the Western diet divided into three groups: one receiving the diet only (W), the second group receiving the Western diet and free L. reuteri DSM 17938 (WR), and the third group receiving the Western diet and microencapsulated L. reuteri DSM 17938 (WRM). After 8 weeks of treatment, gut microbiota composition was evaluated, together with occludin, one of the tight junction proteins, in the ileum and the colon. Markers of inflammation were also quantified in the portal plasma, ileum, and colon, as well as markers for gut redox homeostasis. Results The Western diet negatively influenced the intestinal microbiota, with no significant effect caused by supplementation with free and microencapsulated L. reuteri. However, L. reuteri, in both forms, effectively preserved the integrity of the intestinal barrier, thus protecting enterocytes from the development of inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion From these whole data, it emerges that L. reuteri DSM 17938 can be an effective probiotic in preventing the unhealthy consequences of the Western diet, especially in the gut, and that microencapsulation preserves the probiotic effects, thus opening the formulation of new preparations to be able to improve gut function independent of dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Abuqwider
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Di Porzio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Barrella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Gatto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sequino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca De Filippis
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Stefania Spagnuolo
- Department of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, National Research Council Naples (CNR-ISPAAM), Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Mauriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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15
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Zhang C, Cao Z, Lei H, Chen C, Du R, Song Y, Zhang C, Zhou J, Lu Y, Huang L, Shen P, Zhang L. Discovery of a novel small molecule with efficacy in protecting against inflammation in vitro and in vivo by enhancing macrophages activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115273. [PMID: 37536035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response and inflammation highly contribute to many metabolic syndromes such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ageing and cancer with disruption of host metabolic homeostasis and the gut microbiome. Icariin-1 (GH01), a small-molecule flavonoid derived from Epimedium, has been shown to protect against systemic inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which GH01 ameliorates ulcerative colitis via regulation of microbiota-mediated macrophages polarization remain elusive. In this study, we found that GH01 effectively ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis symptoms in mice. Disruption of intestinal barrier function, commensal microbiota and its metabolites were also significantly restored by GH01 in a dose-dependent manner. Of note, we also found that GH01 enhanced phagocytic ability of macrophages and switched macrophage phenotype from M1 to M2 both in vitro and in vivo. Such macrophage polarization was highly associated with intestinal barrier integrity and the gut microbial community. Consequently, GH01 exhibited strong anti-inflammatory capacity by inhibiting TLR4 and NF-κB pathways and proinflammatory factors (IL-6). These findings suggested that GH01 might be a potential nutritional intervention strategy for IBD treatment with the gut microbial community-meditated macrophage as the therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruichen Du
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Luodong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Peihong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Wuhan 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Zheng H, Zhao Q, Chen J, Lu J, Li Y, Gao H. Gastrointestinal microbiome of ARDS patients induces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:166. [PMID: 37454113 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02825-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a respiratory failure syndrome that can cause many complications, impacting patients' quality of life. Behavioral and cognitive disorders have attracted increasing attention in patients with ARDS, but its potential mechanisms are still elusive. METHODS Herein we transferred the faecal microbiota from patients with ARDS caused by community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to antibiotics-treated recipient male mice to explore the microbiota-gut-brain mechanisms. Behavioral functions of mice were evaluated by the open field test, Morris water maze and Y-maze test. The structure and composition of the gut microbiota were analyzed by using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. Microglia, astrocyte and neuron in the cortex and hippocampus were examined via immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS We found that the major characteristic of the intestinal flora in ARDS/CAP patients was higher abundances of Gram-negative bacteria than normal controls. The gut microbiota derived from ARDS/CAP patients promoted neuroinflammation and behavioral dysfunctions in mice. Mice who underwent fecal transplant from ARDS/CAP patients had increased systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), systemic inflammation, and increased colonic barrier permeability. This may adversely impact blood barrier permeability and facilitate microglia activation, astrocyte proliferation, and loss of neurons. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes the role of the microbiota-gut-brain crosstalk on ARDS/CAP-associated behavioral impairments and suggests the gut microbiota as a potential target for the protection of brain health in ARDS patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qihui Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianuo Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Oujiang Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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17
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McGuire BD, Dees A, Hao L, Buckendahl P, Ogilvie AR, Sun H, Rezaee T, Barrett LO, Karim L, Dominguez-Bello MG, Bello NT, Shapses SA. A vitamin D deficient diet increases weight gain and compromises bone biomechanical properties without a reduction in BMD in adult female mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 231:106314. [PMID: 37088440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D contributes to the development and maintenance of bone. Evidence suggests vitamin D status can also alter energy balance and gut health. In young animals, vitamin D deficiency (VDD) negatively affects bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture, and these effects may also occur due to chronic ethanol intake. However, evidence is limited in mature models, and addressing this was a goal of the current study. Seven-month-old female C57BL/6 mice (n = 40) were weight-matched and randomized to one of four ad libitum diets: control, alcohol (Alc), vitamin D deficient (0 IU/d), or Alc+VDD for 8 weeks. A purified (AIN-93) diet was provided with water or alcohol (10 %) ad libitum. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly, and feces were collected at 0, 4, and 8 weeks. At the age of 9 months, intestinal permeability was assessed by oral gavage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. Thereafter, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The microarchitecture of the distal femur was assessed by micro-computed tomography and biomechanical properties were evaluated by cyclic reference point indentation. VDD did not affect BMD or most bone microarchitecture parameters, however, the polar moment of inertia (p < 0.05) was higher in the VDD groups compared to vitamin D sufficient groups. VDD mice also had lower whole bone water content (p < 0.05) and a greater average unloading slope (p < 0.01), and energy dissipated (p < 0.01), indicating the femur displayed a brittle phenotype. In addition, VDD caused a greater increase in energy intake (p < 0.05), weight gain (p < 0.05), and a trend for higher intestinal permeability (p = 0.08). The gut microbiota of the VDD group had a reduction in alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and a lower abundance of ASVs from Rikenellaceae, Clostridia_UCG-014, Oscillospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.01). There was little to no effect of alcohol supplementation on outcomes. Overall, these findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency causes excess weight gain and reduces the biomechanical strength of the femur as indicated by the higher average unloading slope and energy dissipated without an effect on BMD in a mature murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D McGuire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Azra Dees
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Anna R Ogilvie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Taraneh Rezaee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Leland O Barrett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Lamya Karim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; NJ Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas T Bello
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; NJ Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Sue A Shapses
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; NJ Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Univ. Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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18
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Zhuo X, Luo H, Lei R, Lou X, Bian J, Guo J, Luo H, Zhang X, Jiao Q, Gong W. Association between Intestinal Microecological Changes and Atherothrombosis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1223. [PMID: 37317197 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of large- and medium-sized arteries that causes ischemic heart disease, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease, collectively called cardiovascular disease (CVD), and is the leading cause of CVD resulting in a high rate of mortality in the population. AS is pathological by plaque development, which is caused by lipid infiltration in the vessel wall, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Recently, more and more scholars have paid attention to the importance of intestinal microecological disorders in the occurrence and development of AS. Intestinal G-bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial metabolites, such as oxidized trimethylamine (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are involved in the development of AS by affecting the inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and blood pressure regulation of the body. Additionally, intestinal microecology promotes the progression of AS by interfering with the normal bile acid metabolism of the body. In this review, we summarize the research on the correlation between maintaining a dynamic balance of intestinal microecology and AS, which may be potentially helpful for the treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhuo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Rumei Lei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xiaokun Lou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Junfeng Guo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xingwei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Qibin Jiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wenyan Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Wenzhou Road, Gongshu District, Hangzhou 310000, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Shi M, Zong X, Hur J, Birmann BM, Martinez-Maza O, Epeldegui M, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL, Cao Y. Circulating markers of microbial translocation and host response to bacteria with risk of colorectal cancer: a prospective, nested case-control study in men. EBioMedicine 2023; 91:104566. [PMID: 37075493 PMCID: PMC10131057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis, possibly mediated in part by increased intestinal permeability to endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microbial translocation, and subsequent endotoxemia and inflammation. However, epidemiologic evidence linking circulating markers of microbial translocation with CRC risk is limited. METHODS We conducted a prospective, nested case-control study of 261 incident CRC cases and 261 controls (matched on age and time of blood draw) among 18,159 men with pre-diagnostic blood specimens in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1993-2009). We examined three complementary markers of microbial translocation and host response to bacteria, including LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and endotoxincore antibody (EndoCAb) immunoglobulin M (IgM), with subsequent risk of CRC. Unconditional logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). FINDINGS Pre-diagnostic circulating levels of sCD14 were associated with a higher risk of incident CRC. Compared to men in the lowest quartile, the multivariable OR was 1.90 (95% CI, 1.13-3.22) for men in the highest quartile (OR per standard deviation [SD] increase, 1.28; 95%CI 1.06-1.53; Ptrend = 0.01). This positive association remained similar after adjusting for C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2, and within strata of putative CRC risk factors. We also observed a suggestive inverse association between EndoCAb IgM and risk of CRC (OR per SD increase, 0.84; 95%CI 0.69-1.02; Ptrend = 0.09). INTERPRETATION Microbial translocation and host response to bacteria, as reflected by sCD14, is associated with risk of incident CRC in men. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shi
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinhee Hur
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea; Food Clinical Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi, South Korea
| | - Brenda M Birmann
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Otoniel Martinez-Maza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marta Epeldegui
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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20
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Su S, Zhen M, Zhou C, Cao X, Sun Z, Xu Y, Li L, Jia W, Wu Z, Wang C. Efficiently Inhibiting Systemic Inflammatory Cascades by Fullerenes for Retarding HFD-Fueled Atherosclerosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202161. [PMID: 36623263 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis accounts for major mortality of cardiac-cerebral vascular diseases worldwide. Pathologically, persistent inflammation dominates the progression of atherosclerosis, which can be accelerated by a high-fat diet (HFD), possibly through triggering local intestinal oxidative stress and ensuing gut barrier dysfunction. Current pharmacotherapy has been disappointing, ascribed to limited therapeutic efficacy and undesirable side effects. Hence it is compelling to explore novel efficient anti-atherosclerotic drugs with minimal toxicity. Herein, two fullerene-based therapies with exceptional antioxidant capacity, in the form of water-soluble injectable fullerene nanoparticles (IFNPs) and oral fullerene tablets (OFTs), are demonstrated to retard HFD-fueled atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice with favorable biosafety. Especially, OFTs afford robust anti-atherosclerotic therapeutic even against advanced plaques, besides stabilizing plaques with less lipid deposition and improved collagen expression. Specifically, it is identified that OFTs can ameliorate HFD-induced dysregulated intestinal redox homeostasis and restore gut barrier integrity, thereby restraining the translocation of luminal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into the bloodstream. Furthermore, significantly reduced circulating LPS after OFTs treatment contributes to down-regulated LPS/TLR4/NF-κB signaling in aortic focal, which further mitigates local inflammation and disease development. Overall, this study confirms the universal anti-atherosclerotic effect of fullerenes and provides a novel therapeutic mechanism via modulating intestinal barrier to attenuate atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng'e Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingming Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinran Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zihao Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanfeng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Sun X, Cui Q, Ni J, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhou T, Huang H, OuYang K, Wu Y, Yang Z. Retracted and Republished from: "Gut Microbiota Mediates the Therapeutic Effect of Monoclonal Anti-TLR4 Antibody on Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice". Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0471522. [PMID: 36942972 PMCID: PMC10186863 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04715-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver injury (ALI) in Western countries. Many studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays an important role in liver injury. Currently, the only approved treatment for APAP-induced ALI is N-acetylcysteine; therefore, it is essential to develop new therapeutic agents and explore the underlying mechanisms. We developed a novel monoclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibody (ATAB) and hypothesized that it has therapeutic effects on APAP-induced ALI and that the gut microbiota may be involved in the underlying mechanism of ATAB treatment. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with APAP and ATAB, which produced a therapeutic effect on ALI and altered the members of the gut microbiota and their metabolic pathways, such as Roseburia, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and the fatty acid pathway, etc. Furthermore, we verified that purified short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) could alleviate ALI. Moreover, a separate group of mice that received feces from the ATAB group showed less severe liver injury than mice that received feces from the APAP group. ATAB therapy also improved gut barrier functions in mice and reduced the expression of the protein zonulin. Our results revealed that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the therapeutic effect of ATAB on APAP-induced ALI. IMPORTANCE In this study, we found that a monoclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 4 antibody can alleviate APAP-induced acute liver injury through changes in the gut microbiota, metabolic pathways, and gut barrier function. This work suggested that the gut microbiota can be a therapeutic target of APAP-induced acute liver injury, and we performed foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Sun
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - HuaYing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Ke OuYang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
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22
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Li X, Liu YJ, Wang Y, Liu YF, Xu YJ. Epoxy Triglyceride Enhances Intestinal Permeability via Caspase-1/NLRP3/GSDMD and cGAS-STING Pathways in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4371-4381. [PMID: 36857113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized triglyceride monomers are the main cytotoxic products of deep-frying oil. However, its impact on the intestinal barrier, the first health guardian, remains unknown. In this study, HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the epoxy group is the main oxidation product, indicating that it may be the main cytotoxic factor. Therefore, 1-9,10-epoxystearic ester, 2,3-dioleic acid (EGT) and glycerol trioleate (GT) were used to reveal the effect of the epoxy group on the intestinal barrier of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Characteristics analysis showed that EGT could aggravate intestinal damage. The relative mRNA expression analysis suggested that EGT could activate Caspase-1/NLRP3/GSDMD, thereby inducing pyroptosis. The proinflammatory cytokines activated by pyroptosis and the cGAS-STING pathway were released through the pores, thus inducing the disintegration of the tight junction between the intestinal epithelial cells and enhancing intestinal permeability. Metabonomics further confirmed that EGT can change the composition and content of phospholipids on the cell membrane, indicating the morphological changes of the intestinal epithelial cell membrane. In conclusion, this study highlights that EGT induced intestinal dysfunction via Caspase-1/NLRP3/GSDMD and cGAS-STING pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuan-Fa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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23
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Liver Microbiome in Healthy Rats: The Hidden Inhabitants of Hepatocytes. Cell Microbiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/7369034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor and tissue microbiota of human beings have recently been investigated. Gut permeability is known as a possible resource for the positive detection of tissue bacteria. Herein, we report that microbiota were detected in high abundance in the hepatocytes of healthy rats and that they were shared with the gut microbiota to an extent. We assessed male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. After the rats were sacrificed by blood drainage from the portal vein, we extracted total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from their ileal and colonic contents and liver tissues. The V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Sequences were assigned taxonomically by the SILVA database. We also detected bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in situ using immunofluorescence (IF) and western blotting and the 16S rRNA gene using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). In the livers of six rats, we detected
effective tags of the 16S rRNA gene and clustered them into 1003 kinds of operational taxonomic units (OTUs;
, 729–893). Rats showed conservation of bacterial richness, abundance, and evenness. LPS and the 16S rRNA gene were detected in the nuclei of hepatocytes. The main function composition of the genomes of annotated bacteria was correlated with metabolism (
). Gram negativity was about 1.6 times higher than gram positivity. The liver microbiome was shared with both the small and large intestines but showed significantly higher richness and evenness than the gut microbiome, and the β-diversity results showed that the liver microbiome exhibited significantly higher similarity than the small and large intestines (
). Our results suggest that the bacteria in the liver microbiome are hidden intracellular inhabitants in healthy rat livers.
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24
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Le Guern R, Grandjean T, Stabler S, Bauduin M, Gosset P, Kipnis É, Dessein R. Gut colonisation with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae worsens Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:78. [PMID: 36604442 PMCID: PMC9816093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are spreading rapidly in hospital settings. Asymptomatic CPE gut colonisation may be associated with dysbiosis and gut-lung axis alterations, which could impact lung infection outcomes. In this study, in male C57BL/6JRj mice colonised by CPE, we characterise the resulting gut dysbiosis, and analyse the lung immune responses and outcomes of subsequent Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. Asymptomatic gut colonisation by CPE leads to a specific gut dysbiosis and increases the severity of P. aeruginosa lung infection through lower numbers of alveolar macrophages and conventional dendritic cells. CPE-associated dysbiosis is characterised by a near disappearance of the Muribaculaceae family and lower levels of short-chain fatty acids. Faecal microbiota transplantation restores immune responses and outcomes of lung infection outcomes, demonstrating the involvement of CPE colonisation-induced gut dysbiosis in altering the immune gut-lung axis, possibly mediated by microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Le Guern
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
| | - Teddy Grandjean
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Sarah Stabler
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marvin Bauduin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Gosset
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Éric Kipnis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Rodrigue Dessein
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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25
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Lee SH, Hwang D, Goo TW, Yun EY. Prediction of intestinal stem cell regulatory genes from Drosophila gut damage model created using multiple inducers: Differential gene expression-based protein-protein interaction network analysis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104539. [PMID: 36087786 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal tissue functions in innate immunity to prevent the entry of harmful substances, and to maintain homeostasis through the constant proliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISC). To understand the mechanisms which regulate ISC in response to gut damage, we identified 81 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through RNA-seq analysis after oral administration of three intestinal-damaging substances to Drosophila melanogaster. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) and functional annotation studies, the top 22 DEGs ordered by the number of nodes in the PPI network were analyzed in relation to cell development. Through network topology analysis, we identified 12 essential seed genes. From this we confirmed that p53, RpL17, Fmr1, Stat92E, CG31343, Cnot4, CG9281, CG8184, Evi5, and to were essential for ISC proliferation during gut damage using knockdown RNAi Drosophila. This study presents a method for identifying candidate genes relating to intestinal damage that has scope for furthering our understanding of gut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Dooseon Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38766, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Yun
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea.
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Zhou B, Pang X, Wu J, Liu T, Wang B, Cao H. Gut microbiota in COVID-19: new insights from inside. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2201157. [PMID: 37078497 PMCID: PMC10120564 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2201157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has grown to be a global health threat. Gastrointestinal symptoms are thought to be common clinical manifestations apart from a series of originally found respiratory symptoms. The human gut harbors trillions of microorganisms that are indispensable for complex physiological processes and homeostasis. Growing evidence demonstrate that gut microbiota alteration is associated with COVID-19 progress and severity, and post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by decrease of anti-inflammatory bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium and enrichment of inflammation-associated microbiota including Streptococcus and Actinomyces. Therapeutic strategies such as diet, probiotics/prebiotics, herb, and fecal microbiota transplantation have shown positive effects on relieving clinical symptoms. In this article, we provide and summarize the recent evidence about the gut microbiota and their metabolites alterations during and after COVID-19 infection and focus on potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota. Understanding the connections between intestinal microbiota and COVID-19 would provide new insights into COVID-19 management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, National Key Clinical Specialty, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
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Feris F, McRae A, Kellogg TA, McKenzie T, Ghanem O, Acosta A. Mucosal and hormonal adaptations after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:37-49. [PMID: 36243547 PMCID: PMC9797451 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive literature review regarding the relevant hormonal and histologic changes observed after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We aimed to describe the relevant hormonal (glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 [GLP-1 and GLP-2], peptide YY [PYY], oxyntomodulin [OXM], bile acids [BA], cholecystokinin [CCK], ghrelin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP], and amylin) profiles, as well as the histologic (mucosal cellular) adaptations happening after patients undergo RYGB. Our review compiles the current evidence and furthers the understanding of the rationale behind the food intake regulatory adaptations occurring after RYGB surgery. We identify gaps in the literature where the potential for future investigations and therapeutics may lie. We performed a comprehensive database search without language restrictions looking for RYGB bariatric surgery outcomes in patients with pre- and postoperative blood work hormonal profiling and/or gut mucosal biopsies. We gathered the relevant study results and describe them in this review. Where human findings were lacking, we included animal model studies. The amalgamation of physiologic, metabolic, and cellular adaptations following RYGB is yet to be fully characterized. This constitutes a fundamental aspiration for enhancing and individualizing obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzi Feris
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alison McRae
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Travis McKenzie
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Omar Ghanem
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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28
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Lam S, Zhang J, Yang K, Chu LC, Zhu W, Tang W, Chan FKL, Chan PKS, Wu WKK, Ng SC. Modulation of gut microbiota impacts diet-induced and drug-induced alopecia in mice. Gut 2022; 71:2366-2369. [PMID: 34987064 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu Lam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jingwan Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Keli Yang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lok Cheung Chu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Wenyi Zhu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Whitney Tang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Francis K L Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siew C Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Center for Gut Microbiota Research, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong .,Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Alteration in Gut Microbiota Associated with Zinc Deficiency in School-Age Children. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142895. [PMID: 35889856 PMCID: PMC9319427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency could lead to a dynamic variation in gut microbial composition and function in animals. However, how zinc deficiency affects the gut microbiome in school-age children remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to profile the dynamic shifts in the gut microbiome of school-age children with zinc deficiency, and to determine whether such shifts are associated with dietary intake. A dietary survey, anthropometric measurements, and serum tests were performed on 177 school-age children, and 67 children were selected to explore the gut microbial community using amplicon sequencing. School-age children suffered from poor dietary diversity and insufficient food and nutrient intake, and 32% of them were zinc deficient. The inflammatory cytokines significantly increased in the zinc deficiency (ZD) group compared to that in the control (CK) group (p < 0.05). There was no difference in beta diversity, while the Shannon index was much higher in the ZD group (p < 0.05). At the genus level, Coprobacter, Acetivibrio, Paraprevotella, and Clostridium_XI were more abundant in the ZD group (p < 0.05). A functional predictive analysis showed that the metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was significantly depleted in the ZD group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, gut microbial diversity was affected by zinc deficiency with some specific bacteria highlighted in the ZD group, which may be used as biomarkers for further clinical diagnosis of zinc deficiency.
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30
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Sun X, Cui Q, Ni J, Liu X, Zhu J, Zhou T, Huang H, OuYang K, Wu Y, Yang Z. Gut Microbiota Mediates the Therapeutic Effect of Monoclonal Anti-TLR4 Antibody on Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0064722. [PMID: 35536057 PMCID: PMC9241835 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00647-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is one of the most common causes of acute liver injury (ALI) in Western countries. Many studies show that the gut microbiota plays an important role in liver injury. Currently, the only approved treatment for APAP-induced ALI is N-acetylcysteine; therefore, it is essential to develop new therapeutic agents and explore the underlying mechanisms. We developed a novel monoclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) antibody (ATAB) and hypothesized that it has therapeutic effects on APAP-induced ALI and that gut microbiota may be involved in the underlying mechanism of ATAB treatment. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with APAP and ATAB, which produced a therapeutic effect on ALI and altered the gut microbiota and their metabolic pathway, such as Roseburia, Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, and the fatty acid pathway, etc. Furthermore, we verified that purified short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) could alleviate ALI. Moreover, a separate group of mice that received feces from the ATAB group showed less severe liver injury compared with the mice receiving feces from the APAP group. ATAB therapy also improved the gut barrier functions in mice and reduced the expression of protein zonulin. Our results revealed that gut microbiota plays an important role in the therapeutic effect of ATAB on APAP-induced ALI. IMPORTANCE In this study, we found the monoclonal anti-Toll-like receptor 4 antibody can alleviate APAP-induced acute liver injury through the change of the gut microbiota, metabolic pathways, and gut barrier function. This work suggested the gut microbiota can be the therapeutic target of the APAP-induced acute liver injury, and we performed the fundamental research for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Sun
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
- Binzhou Medical Universitygrid.440653.0, Yantai, China
| | - Qian Cui
- Air Force Hospital of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
| | - HuaYing Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Ke OuYang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Wu
- Binzhou Medical Universitygrid.440653.0, Yantai, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Centre for Diseases Prevention and Control of Eastern Theater, Nanjing, China
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31
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Wauters L, Ceulemans M, Schol J, Farré R, Tack J, Vanuytsel T. The Role of Leaky Gut in Functional Dyspepsia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:851012. [PMID: 35422683 PMCID: PMC9002356 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.851012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) complain of epigastric symptoms with no identifiable cause. Increased intestinal permeability has been described in these patients, especially in the proximal small bowel or duodenum, and was associated with mucosal immune activation and symptoms. In this review, we discuss duodenal barrier function, including techniques currently applied in FD research. We summarize the available data on duodenal permeability in FD and factors associated to increased permeability, including mucosal eosinophils, mast cells, luminal and systemic factors. While the increased influx of antigens into the duodenal mucosa could result in local immune activation, clinical evidence for a causal role of permeability is lacking in the absence of specific barrier-protective treatments. As both existing and novel treatments, including proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and pre- or probiotics may impact duodenal barrier function, it is important to recognize and study these alterations to improve the knowledge and management of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wauters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Lucas Wauters,
| | - Matthias Ceulemans
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Schol
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ricard Farré
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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32
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The Intestinal Barrier and Its Dysfunction in Patients with Metabolic Diseases and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020662. [PMID: 35054847 PMCID: PMC8775587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents an increasing cause of liver disease worldwide, mirroring the epidemics of obesity and metabolic syndrome. As there are still no licensed medications for treating the disease, there is an ongoing effort to elucidate the pathophysiology and to discover new treatment pathways. An increasing body of evidence has demonstrated a crosstalk between the gut and the liver, which plays a crucial role in the development and progression of liver disease. Among other intestinal factors, gut permeability represents an interesting factor at the interface of the gut–liver axis. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence from human studies showing the association between increased gut permeability and NAFLD, as well as with type-2 diabetes and obesity. We also discuss the manipulation of the gut permeability as a potential therapeutical target in patients with NAFLD.
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Lin B, Zhao F, Liu Y, Wu X, Feng J, Jin X, Yan W, Guo X, Shi S, Li Z, Liu L, Chen H, Wang H, Wang S, Lu Y, Wei Y. Randomized Clinical Trial: Probiotics Alleviated Oral-Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal-Related Complications in Thyroid Cancer Patients Before Radioiodine Therapy Following Thyroidectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:834674. [PMID: 35350100 PMCID: PMC8958007 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.834674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) in postoperative thyroid cancer patients who need always accompanied by complications (e.g., dyslipidemia and constipation). At present, there are no effective and safe means to alleviate these complications. PURPOSE We aimed to assess the oral-gut microbiota profiles in THW patients then investigate whether probiotics could alleviating alleviate THW related complications and investigate whether these therapeutic effects were associated with the oral-gut microbiota state. METHODS Fifty eligible thyroid carcinoma patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to receive probiotics or placebo during THW. Complications were assessed through validated questionnaires and plasma lipid indicators. The complex probiotics preparation was composed of Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus cereus. RESULTS Probiotics alleviated lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dry mouth and decreased the levels of fecal/serum LPS and plasma lipid indicators (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein A) (P < 0.05). Gut and oral microbial diversity were significantly decreased after THW, while an increased microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was observed. Probiotics distinctly restored the gut and oral microbial diversity. Increased Holdemanella, Enterococcus, and Coprococcus_2, while decreased Fusobacterium, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, Ruminococcus_1, and Parasutterella in the gut were found after probiotics intervention. Lack of energy, constipation, weight gain, and dyslipidemia were seen to be related to the above microbiota. In addition, probiotics reduced oral Prevotella_9, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, and Lautropia, which were positively correlated with the occurrence of dry mouth. CONCLUSION Probiotics reduce the incidence of complications in patients after THW, which may be related to modifying the oral and gut microbiota. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier America Clinical Trial Registry NCT03574051.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiqiang Lin
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fuya Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangren Jin
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shang Shi
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lujia Liu
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongye Chen
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunwei Wei
- Department of Oncology and Laparoscopy Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, HwaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Yunwei Wei,
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D’Amato M, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A. Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35052763 PMCID: PMC8773010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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