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Izumida T, Imamura T, Kataoka N, Kinugawa K. Sigmoidal heart rate response pattern during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H565-H572. [PMID: 39028277 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00397.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Detailed heart rate (HR) response patterns during exercise in patients with heart failure (HF) and sinus rhythm remain uncertain. We screened consecutive patients with HF who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise tests at a large academic center from November 2013 to July 2023. HR response during exercise was statistically classified using logistic differential equation models. A total of 99 patients were included. Of them, 75 patients were assigned to "sigmoidal pattern" and the other 24 to "exponential pattern." Patients with the sigmoidal pattern were older and exhibited higher plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels. Increases in HR and oxygen consumption (V̇o2)/kg up to the anaerobic threshold level were not different between both patterns. However, beyond the threshold, the sigmoidal pattern group showed no further increase in HR and significantly lower V̇o2/kg than their counterparts (interactions for P < 0.001). HR response during exercise in patients with heart failure and sinus rhythm was categorized into two unique groups: sigmoidal and exponential patterns. More detailed clarification of the sigmoidal pattern, potentially indicating sinus node dysfunction, should offer new clinical insights for chronotropic incompetence.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart rate response patterns can be classified into two groups among patients with chronic heart failure reaching maximal exertion: sigmoidal and exponential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihide Izumida
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Imamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kinugawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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2
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Kahnert K, Soattin L, Mills RW, Wilson C, Maurya S, Sorrentino A, Al-Othman S, Tikhomirov R, van de Vegte YJ, Hansen FB, Achter J, Hu W, Zi M, Smith M, van der Harst P, Olesen MS, Boisen Olsen K, Banner J, Jensen THL, Zhang H, Boyett MR, D’Souza A, Lundby A. Proteomics couples electrical remodelling to inflammation in a murine model of heart failure with sinus node dysfunction. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:927-942. [PMID: 38661182 PMCID: PMC11218694 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS In patients with heart failure (HF), concomitant sinus node dysfunction (SND) is an important predictor of mortality, yet its molecular underpinnings are poorly understood. Using proteomics, this study aimed to dissect the protein and phosphorylation remodelling within the sinus node in an animal model of HF with concurrent SND. METHODS AND RESULTS We acquired deep sinus node proteomes and phosphoproteomes in mice with heart failure and SND and report extensive remodelling. Intersecting the measured (phospho)proteome changes with human genomics pharmacovigilance data, highlighted downregulated proteins involved in electrical activity such as the pacemaker ion channel, Hcn4. We confirmed the importance of ion channel downregulation for sinus node physiology using computer modelling. Guided by the proteomics data, we hypothesized that an inflammatory response may drive the electrophysiological remodeling underlying SND in heart failure. In support of this, experimentally induced inflammation downregulated Hcn4 and slowed pacemaking in the isolated sinus node. From the proteomics data we identified proinflammatory cytokine-like protein galectin-3 as a potential target to mitigate the effect. Indeed, in vivo suppression of galectin-3 in the animal model of heart failure prevented SND. CONCLUSION Collectively, we outline the protein and phosphorylation remodeling of SND in heart failure, we highlight a role for inflammation in electrophysiological remodelling of the sinus node, and we present galectin-3 signalling as a target to ameliorate SND in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Kahnert
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Luca Soattin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Robert W Mills
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Svetlana Maurya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Andrea Sorrentino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Sami Al-Othman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Roman Tikhomirov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), 72 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Finn B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Achter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Min Zi
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Matthew Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), 72 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Morten S Olesen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kristine Boisen Olsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jytte Banner
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henggui Zhang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Alicia D’Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), 72 Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Karvonen J, Lehto S, Lenz C, Beaudoint C, Oyeniran S, Kayser T, Vikman S, Pakarinen S. Minute ventilation sensor-driven rate response as a part of cardiac resynchronization therapy optimization in older patients. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01848-1. [PMID: 38914900 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is common among elderly cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker (CRT-P) patients on optimal medical therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of optimized rate-adaptive pacing utilizing the minute ventilation (MV) sensor on exercise tolerance. METHODS In a prospective, multicenter study, older patients (median age 76 years) with a guideline-based indication for CRT were evaluated following CRT-P implantation. If there was no documented CI, requiring clinically rate-responsive pacing, the device was programmed DDD at pre-discharge. At 1 month, a 6-min walk test (6MWT) was conducted. If the maximum heart rate was < 100 bpm or < 80% of the age-predicted maximum, the response was considered CI. Patients with CI were programmed with DDDR. At 3 months post-implant, the 6MWT was repeated in the correct respective programming mode. In addition, heart rate score (HRSc, defined as the percentage of all sensed and paced atrial events in the single tallest 10 bpm histogram bin) was assessed at 1 and 3 months. RESULTS CI was identified in 46/61 (75%) of patients without prior indication at enrollment. MV sensor-based DDDR mode increased heart rate in CI patients similarly to non-CI patients with intrinsically driven heart rates during 6MWT. Walking distance increased substantially with DDDR (349 ± 132 m vs. 376 ± 128 m at 1 and 3 months, respectively, p < 0.05). Furthermore, DDDR reduced HRSc by 14% (absolute reduction, p < 0.001) in those with more severe CI, i.e., HRSc ≥ 70%. CONCLUSION Exercise tolerance in older CRT-P patients can be further improved by the utilization of an MV sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Karvonen
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Sanni Lehto
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corinna Lenz
- UKB Klinik Für Innere Medizin, Kardiologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Beaudoint
- Boston Scientific, Green Square, Lambroekstraat 5D, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Sola Oyeniran
- Boston Scientific, Green Square, Lambroekstraat 5D, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Torsten Kayser
- Boston Scientific, Green Square, Lambroekstraat 5D, 1831, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Saila Vikman
- Heart Hospital, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Pakarinen
- Department of Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital Heart and Lung Center, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
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Oursler KK, Briggs BC, Lozano AJ, Harris NM, Parashar A, Ryan AS, Marconi VC. Association of chronotropic incompetence with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults with HIV. AIDS 2024; 38:825-833. [PMID: 38578959 PMCID: PMC11003719 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the physiological drivers of reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in people with HIV (PWH) will inform strategies to optimize healthspan. Chronotropic incompetence is common in heart failure and associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness yet is understudied in PWH. The objective was to determine the prevalence of chronotropic incompetence and its relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness. DESIGN Participants were PWH at least 50 years of age with no prior history of heart failure or coronary heart disease who were enrolled in a randomized exercise trial. Baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and calculate the chronotropic index from heart rate values. Chronotropic incompetence was defined as an index less than 80%. RESULTS The 74 participants were on average 61 years old, 80% Black or African American, and 93% men. Chronotropic incompetence was present in 31.1%. VO2peak was significantly lower among participants with chronotropic incompetence compared with participants without chronotropic incompetence [mean (SD) ml/min/kg: 20.9 (5.1) vs. 25.0 (4.5), P = 0.001]. Linear regression showed that chronotropic incompetence and age were independent predictors of VO2peak, but smoking and comorbidity were not. The chronotropic index correlated with VO2peak (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Among older PWH without heart failure or coronary heart disease, chronotropic incompetence was present in approximately one-third of individuals and was associated with clinically relevant impaired cardiorespiratory fitness. Investigation of chronotropic incompetence in large cohorts which includes PWH and heart failure may contribute to strategies that promote healthy aging with HIV infection and offer a preclinical window for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisann K Oursler
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke
- Geriatrics Extended Care, Salem Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Salem, VA
| | - Brandon C Briggs
- Geriatrics Extended Care, Salem Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Salem, VA
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Alicia J Lozano
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA
| | - Nadine M Harris
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
- Infectious Diseases, VA Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, GA
| | - Amitabh Parashar
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke
- Geriatrics Extended Care, Salem Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Salem, VA
| | - Alice S Ryan
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center at the Veterans Affairs Maryland Healthcare System, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vincent C Marconi
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta
- Infectious Diseases, VA Atlanta Healthcare System, Decatur, GA
- Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Magrì D, Gallo G, Piepoli M, Salvioni E, Mapelli M, Vignati C, Fiori E, Muthukkattil ML, Corrà U, Metra M, Paolillo S, Maruotti A, Di Loro PA, Senni M, Lagioia R, Scrutinio D, Emdin M, Passino C, Parati G, Sinagra G, Correale M, Badagliacca R, Sciomer S, Di Lenarda A, Agostoni P, Filardi PP. What about chronotropic incompetence in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction? Clinical and prognostic implications from the Metabolic Exercise combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes score dataset. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:263-271. [PMID: 37890033 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is a strong predictor of outcome in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, however no data on its clinical and prognostic impacts in heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) are available. Therefore, the study aims to investigate, in a large multicentre HFmrEF cohort, the prevalence of CI as well as its relationship with exercise capacity and its prognostic role over the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS Within the Metabolic Exercise combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) database, we analysed data of 864 HFmrEF out of 1164 stable outpatients who performed a maximal CPET at the cycle ergometer and who had no significant rhythm disorders or comorbidities. The primary study endpoint was cardiovascular (CV) death. All-cause death was also explored. Chronotropic incompetence prevalence differed depending on the method (peak heart rate, pHR% vs. pHR reserve, pHRR%) and the cut-off adopted (pHR% from ≤75% to ≤60% and pHRR% ≤ 65% to ≤50%), ranging from 11% to 62%. A total of 84 (9.7%) CV deaths were collected, with 39 (4.5%) occurring within 5 years. At multivariate analysis, both pHR% [hazard ratio 0.97 (0.95-0.99), P < 0.05] and pHRR% [hazard ratio 0.977 (0.961-0.993), P < 0.01] were associated with the primary endpoint. A pHR% ≤ 75% and a pHRR% ≤ 50% represented the most accurate cut-off values in predicting the outcome. CONCLUSION The study suggests an association between blunted exercise-HR response, functional capacity, and CV death risk among patients with HFmrEF. Whether the CI presence might be adopted in daily HFmrEF management needs to be addressed in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 'Sapienza' Università degli Studi di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 'Sapienza' Università degli Studi di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Piepoli
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy, and Clinical Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Morandi 30, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Mapelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Vignati
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 'Sapienza' Università degli Studi di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Melwyn Luis Muthukkattil
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, 'Sapienza' Università degli Studi di Roma, Via di Grottarossa 1035-1039, 00189 Roma, Italy
| | - Ugo Corrà
- Cardiology Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno Institute, Via Revislate 13, 28010 Veruno, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazza del Mercato 15, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Cardiologia SUN, Ospedale Monaldi (Azienda dei Colli), Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Maruotti
- Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza, Economia, Politica e Lingue Moderne, Libera Università Maria Ss Assunta, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Roma, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Alaimo Di Loro
- Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza, Economia, Politica e Lingue Moderne, Libera Università Maria Ss Assunta, Via della Traspontina 21, 00193 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Senni
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Rocco Lagioia
- Division of Cardiology, 'S. Maugeri' Foundation, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, Via Generale Bellomo 73-75, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Scrutinio
- Division of Cardiology, 'S. Maugeri' Foundation, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, Via Generale Bellomo 73-75, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Passino
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Via della Pietà 19, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Correale
- Department of Cardiology, University of Foggia, Via Antonio Gramsci 89, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, 'Sapienza', Rome University, Via del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, 'Sapienza', Rome University, Via del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- Cardiovascular Center, Health Authority n°1 and University of Trieste, Via Slataper 9, 34134 Trieste, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Cardiologia SUN, Ospedale Monaldi (Azienda dei Colli), Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Leonardo Bianchi, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Hayashi K, Abe H, Olshansky B, Sharma AD, Jones PW, Wold N, Perschbacher D, Kohno R, Richards M, Wilkoff BL. Initial heart rate score predicts new-onset atrial tachyarrhythmias in pacemaker patients. Europace 2023; 25:euad242. [PMID: 37552791 PMCID: PMC10440628 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart rate score (HRSc), the per cent of atrial paced and sensed event in the largest 10 b.p.m. rate histogram bin of a pacemaker, predicts survival in patients with cardiac devices. No correlation between HRSc and development of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been reported. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between pacemaker post-implantation HRSc and the incidence of newly developed atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATAs). METHODS AND RESULTS Patients with dual-chamber pacemakers, implanted 2013-17, with the LATITUDE remote monitoring data with ≥600 000 beats of histogram data collected at baseline were included (N = 34 543). Heart rate score was determined from the initial 3-month post-implantation histogram data. Patients were excluded if they had ATAs, defined as atrial high-rate episodes >5 min or >1% of right atrial beats >170 b.p.m. during the initial 3 months post-implantation. New ATAs, after the baseline period, were defined by each of the following: >1, >10, or >25% of atrial beats >170 b.p.m. or atrial tachycardia response (ATR) events >24 h. Patients were followed a median of 2.8 (1.0-4.0) years. The incidence of ATAs increased in proportion to HRSc (log-rank P-value <0.001), and the initial HRSc ≥70% was associated with increased ATAs by all definitions. Patients with initial HRSc ≥70% were older, had a higher percentage of right atrium pacing (%RA pacing), had a lower percentage of right ventricular pacing (%RV pacing), and were more likely programmed with rate-response vs. subjects with HRSc <70%. Initial HRSc (hazard ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-1.09; P < 0.0001) independently predicted ATAs after adjusting for age, gender, %RV pacing, and rate-response programming. The %RA pacing and initial HRSc were correlated. CONCLUSION Heart rate score independently predicts any subsequent duration of ATAs in pacemaker patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Hayashi
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Haruhiko Abe
- Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Brian Olshansky
- Department of Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ritsuko Kohno
- Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Mark Richards
- Department of Cardiology, Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital, Yakima, WA, USA
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue Desk J2-2, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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7
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Agdamag AC, Van Iterson EH, Tang WHW, Finet JE. Prognostic Role of Metabolic Exercise Testing in Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4438. [PMID: 37445473 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a clinical syndrome with significant heterogeneity in presentation and severity. Serial risk-stratification and prognostication can guide management decisions, particularly in advanced heart failure, when progression toward advanced therapies or end-of-life care is warranted. Each currently utilized prognostic marker carries its own set of challenges in acquisition, reproducibility, accuracy, and significance. Left ventricular ejection fraction is foundational for heart failure syndrome classification after clinical diagnosis and remains the primary parameter for inclusion in most clinical trials; however, it does not consistently correlate with symptoms and functional capacity, which are also independently prognostic in this patient population. Utilizing the left ventricular ejection fraction as the sole basis of prognostication provides an incomplete characterization of this condition and is prone to misguide medical decision-making when used in isolation. In this review article, we survey and exposit the important role of metabolic exercise testing across the heart failure spectrum, as a complementary diagnostic and prognostic modality. Metabolic exercise testing, also known as cardiopulmonary exercise testing, provides a comprehensive evaluation of the multisystem (i.e., neurological, respiratory, circulatory, and musculoskeletal) response to exercise performance. These differential responses can help identify the predominant contributors to exercise intolerance and exercise symptoms. Additionally, the aerobic exercise capacity (i.e., oxygen consumption during exercise) is directly correlated with overall life expectancy and prognosis in many disease states. Specifically in heart failure patients, metabolic exercise testing provides an accurate, objective, and reproducible assessment of the overall circulatory sufficiency and circulatory reserve during physical stress, being able to isolate the concurrent chronotropic and stroke volume responses for a reliable depiction of the circulatory flow rate in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianne Clare Agdamag
- Section of Heart Failure and Transplantation Medicine, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Erik H Van Iterson
- Section of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Section of Heart Failure and Transplantation Medicine, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J Emanuel Finet
- Section of Heart Failure and Transplantation Medicine, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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8
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Dixon DD, Beussink-Nelson L, Deo R, Shah SJ. Differences in Cardiac Mechanics and Exercise Physiology Among Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction Phenomapping Subgroups. Am J Cardiol 2023; 193:102-110. [PMID: 36893548 PMCID: PMC10066831 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Unsupervised machine learning (phenomapping) has been used successfully to identify novel subgroups (phenogroups) of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, further investigation of pathophysiological differences between HFpEF phenogroups is necessary to help determine potential treatment options. We performed speckle-tracking echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in 301 and 150 patients with HFpEF, respectively, as part of a prospective phenomapping study (median age 65 [25th to 75th percentile 56 to 73] years, 39% Black individuals, 65% female). Linear regression was used to compare strain and CPET parameters by phenogroup. All indicies of cardiac mechanics except for left ventricular global circumferential strain worsened in a stepwise fashion from phenogroups 1 to 3 after adjustment for demographic and clinical factors. After further adjustment for conventional echocardiographic parameters, phenogroup 3 had the worst left ventricular global longitudinal, right ventricular free wall, and left atrial booster and reservoir strain. On CPET, phenogroup 2 had the lowest exercise time and absolute peak oxygen consumption (VO2), driven primarily by obesity, whereas phenogroup 3 achieved the lowest workload, relative peak oxygen consumption (VO2), and heart rate reserve on multivariable-adjusted analyses. In conclusion, HFpEF phenogroups identified by unsupervised machine learning analysis differ in the indicies of cardiac mechanics and exercise physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra D Dixon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lauren Beussink-Nelson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rahul Deo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanjiv J Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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9
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Świerżyńska E, Oręziak A, Główczyńska R, Rossillo A, Grabowski M, Szumowski Ł, Caprioglio F, Sterliński M. Rate-Responsive Cardiac Pacing: Technological Solutions and Their Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23031427. [PMID: 36772467 PMCID: PMC9920425 DOI: 10.3390/s23031427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Modern cardiac pacemakers are equipped with a function that allows the heart rate to adapt to the current needs of the patient in situations of increased demand related to exercise and stress ("rate-response" function). This function may be based on a variety of mechanisms, such as a built-in accelerometer responding to increased chest movement or algorithms sensing metabolic demand for oxygen, analysis of intrathoracic impedance, and analysis of the heart rhythm (Q-T interval). The latest technologies in the field of rate-response functionality relate to the use of an accelerometer in leadless endocavitary pacemakers; in these devices, the accelerometer enables mapping of the mechanical wave of the heart's work cycle, enabling the pacemaker to correctly sense native impulses and stimulate the ventricles in synchrony with the cycles of atria and heart valves. Another modern system for synchronizing pacing rate with the patient's real-time needs requires a closed-loop system that continuously monitors changes in the dynamics of heart contractions. This article discusses the technical details of various solutions for detecting and responding to situations related to increased oxygen demand (e.g., exercise or stress) in implantable pacemakers, and reviews the results of clinical trials regarding the use of these algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Świerżyńska
- Department of Arrhythmia, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Artur Oręziak
- Department of Arrhythmia, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Główczyńska
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonio Rossillo
- Department of Cardiology, San Bortolo Hospital, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szumowski
- Department of Arrhythmia, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Sterliński
- Department of Arrhythmia, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Forton K, Lamotte M, Gillet A, Chaumont M, van de Borne P, Faoro V. Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade Effects on Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Testing in Healthy Young Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:150. [PMID: 36538192 PMCID: PMC9768047 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-blockers are increasingly prescribed while the effects of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on cardio-pulmonary exercise test (CPET)-derived parameters remain under-studied. METHODS Twenty-one young healthy adults repeated three CPET at the same time with an interval of 7 days between each test. The tests were performed 3 h after a random, double-blind, cross-over single-dose intake of placebo, 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg bisoprolol, a cardio-selective beta1-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Gas exchange, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured at rest and during cyclo-ergometric incremental CPET. RESULTS Maximal workload and VO2max were unaffected by the treatment, with maximal respiratory exchange ratio > 1.15 in all tests. A beta-blocker dose-dependent effect reduced resting and maximal BP and HR and the chronotropic response to exercise, evaluated by the HR/VO2 slope (placebo: 2.9 ± 0.4 beat/ml/kg; 2.5 mg bisoprolol: 2.4 ± 0.5 beat/ml/kg; 5.0 mg bisoprolol: 2.3 ± 0.4 beat/ml/kg, p < 0.001). Ventilation efficiency measured by the VE/VCO2 slope and the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 at the ventilatory threshold were not affected by beta1-receptor blockade. Post-exercise chronotropic recovery measured after 1 min was enhanced under beta1-blocker (placebo: 26 ± 7 bpm; 2.5 mg bisoprolol: 32 ± 6 bpm; 5.0 mg bisoprolol: 33 ± 6 bpm, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The present results suggest that a single dose of bisoprolol does not affect metabolism, respiratory response and exercise capacity. However, beta-adrenergic blockade dose dependently reduces exercise hemodynamic response by lowering BP and the chronotropic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Forton
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Campus CP 604, 808 Lennik Road, 1070 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Lamotte
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexis Gillet
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Campus CP 604, 808 Lennik Road, 1070 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Chaumont
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Campus CP 604, 808 Lennik Road, 1070 Brussels, Belgium ,grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe van de Borne
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vitalie Faoro
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Erasme Campus CP 604, 808 Lennik Road, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Magrì D, Piepoli M, Gallo G, Corrà U, Metra M, Paolillo S, Filardi PP, Maruotti A, Salvioni E, Mapelli M, Vignati C, Senni M, Limongelli G, Lagioia R, Scrutinio D, Emdin M, Passino C, Parati G, Sinagra G, Correale M, Badagliacca R, Sciomer S, Di Lenarda A, Agostoni P. Old and new equations for maximal heart rate prediction in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction on beta-blockers treatment: results from the MECKI score data set. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:1680-1688. [PMID: 35578814 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Predicting maximal heart rate (MHR) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) still remains a major concern. In such a context, the Keteyian equation is the only one derived in a HFrEF cohort on optimized β-blockers treatment. Therefore, using the Metabolic Exercise combined with Cardiac and Kidney Indexes (MECKI) data set, we looked for a possible MHR equation, for an external validation of Keteyien formula and, contextually, for accuracy of the historical MHR formulas and their relationship with the HR measured at the anaerobic threshold (AT). METHODS AND RESULTS Data from 3487 HFrEF outpatients on optimized β-blockers treatment from the MECKI data set were analyzed. Besides excluding all possible confounders, the new equation was derived by using HR data coming from maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. The simplified derived equation was [109-(0.5*age) + (0.5*HR rest) + (0.2*LVEF)-(5 if haemoglobin <11 g/dL)]. The R2 and the standard error of the estimate were 0.24 and 17.5 beats min-1 with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) = 11.9%. The Keteyian equation had a slightly higher MAPE = 12.3%. Conversely, the Fox and Tanaka equations showed extremely higher MAPE values. The range 75-80% of MHR according to the new and the Keteyian equations was the most accurate in identifying the HR at the AT (MAPEs = 11.3-11.6%). CONCLUSION The derived equation to estimate the MHR in HFrEF patients, by accounting also for the systolic dysfunction degree and anaemia, improved slightly the Keteyian formula. Both formulas might be helpful in identifying the true maximal effort during an exercise test and the intensity domain during a rehabilitation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, "Sapienza" Università degli Studi di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, "Sapienza" Università degli Studi di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Ugo Corrà
- Cardiology Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno Institute, Veruno, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Cardiologia SUN, Ospedale Monaldi (Azienda dei Colli), Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Cardiologia SUN, Ospedale Monaldi (Azienda dei Colli), Seconda Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Maruotti
- Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza, Economia, Politica e Lingue Moderne-Libera Università Maria Ss Assunta
- Department of Mathematics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | | | - Massimo Mapelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Vignati
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, "Sapienza" Università degli Studi di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Senni
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rocco Lagioia
- Division of Cardiology, "S. Maugeri" Foundation, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Scrutinio
- Division of Cardiology, "S. Maugeri" Foundation, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.11 Cardiology Division, Santo Spirito Hospital, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Passino
- Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.11 Cardiology Division, Santo Spirito Hospital, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, "Sapienza", Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- Cardiovascular Center, Health Authority n°1 and University of, Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy
- Dept. Of Clinical sciences and Community health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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12
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Anselmi F, Cavigli L, Pagliaro A, Valente S, Valentini F, Cameli M, Focardi M, Mochi N, Dendale P, Hansen D, Bonifazi M, Halle M, D’Ascenzi F. The importance of ventilatory thresholds to define aerobic exercise intensity in cardiac patients and healthy subjects. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1796-1808. [PMID: 34170582 PMCID: PMC8456830 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although structured exercise training is strongly recommended in cardiac patients, uncertainties exist about the methods for determining exercise intensity (EI) and their correspondence with effective EI obtained by ventilatory thresholds. We aimed to determine the first (VT1 ) and second ventilatory thresholds (VT2 ) in cardiac patients, sedentary subjects, and athletes comparing VT1 and VT2 with EI defined by recommendations. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 350 subjects (mean age: 50.7±12.9 years; 167 cardiac patients, 150 healthy sedentary subjects, and 33 competitive endurance athletes). Each subject underwent ECG, echocardiography, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. The percentages of peak VO2 , peak heart rate (HR), and HR reserve were obtained at VT1 and VT2 and compared with the EI definition proposed by the recommendations. RESULTS VO2 at VT1 corresponded to high rather than moderate EI in 67.1% and 79.6% of cardiac patients, applying the definition of moderate exercise by the previous recommendations and the 2020 guidelines, respectively. Most cardiac patients had VO2 values at VT2 corresponding to very-high rather than high EI (59.9% and 50.3%, by previous recommendations and 2020 guidelines, respectively). A better correspondence between ventilatory thresholds and recommended EI domains was observed in healthy subjects and athletes (90% and 93.9%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS EI definition based on percentages of peak HR and peak VO2 may misclassify the effective EI, and the discrepancy between the individually determined and the recommended EI is particularly relevant in cardiac patients. A ventilatory threshold-based rather than a range-based approach is advisable to define an appropriate level of EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Anselmi
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Luna Cavigli
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Antonio Pagliaro
- Clinical and Surgical Cardiology UnitCardio‐Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentUniversity Hospital of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Serafina Valente
- Clinical and Surgical Cardiology UnitCardio‐Thoracic and Vascular DepartmentUniversity Hospital of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Francesca Valentini
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Marta Focardi
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Nicola Mochi
- Sports Medicine UnitUSL Toscana CentroFlorenceItaly
| | - Paul Dendale
- Heartcentre HasseltJessa HospitalHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- REVAL‐Rehabilitation Research CenterBIOMEDFaculty of Rehabilitation SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium
| | - Marco Bonifazi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and NeuroscienceUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Preventive Sports Medicine and Sports CardiologyTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Flavio D’Ascenzi
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesDivision of CardiologyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
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13
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Effects of chronotropic incompetence on exercise capacity in people with heart failure versus age-matched controls. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:795-809. [PMID: 33871758 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is an inability to adequately raise heart rate during physiological stress. We established CI prevalence and exercise capacity in heart failure versus healthy age-matched controls. We conducted a systematic search (1966-July 1, 2020) and meta-analysis of studies reporting peak VO2 in people with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) left ventricular ejection fraction and controls. Seventeen studies of 4410 participants were included, 4167 with heart failure and 243 age-matched controls. In both heart failure phenotypes, CI was more prevalent in HFrEF (51.7%) and HFpEF (55.8%) than in healthy controls (9%). Mortality was 24% higher in people with HFrEF and CI versus those with HFrEF and without CI; OR -1.24 (95% CI -2.20 to -0.28; p = 0.01). People with heart failure and CI had lower peak VO2 than those without CI (MD) -3.30 ml kg-1 min-1 (95% CI -4.25 to -2.35, p < 0.01), and this was primarily driven by the HFrEF sub-population (MD) -3.86 ml kg-1 min-1 (95% CI -4.83 to -2.89, p < 0.01). Maximum heart rate MD -37.51 beats min-1 (95% CI -41.99 to -33.03, p < 0.01) and maximum-resting heart rate were lower MD -29.44 beats min-1 (95% CI -34.55 to -24.33, p < 0.01) in people with heart failure with CI vs without CI. People with heart failure and CI demonstrated similar respiratory exchange ratios (RER) to people with heart failure but without CI; (MD) -0.02 (95% CI -0.03 to -0.01), p < 0.01, suggesting that poor effort was unlikely to explain CI. CI is more prevalent in heart failure than in age-matched controls and although it is associated with lower peak VO2 in HFrEF, it is unrelated to the lower peak VO2 in HFpEF. RER values suggest poor effort is unlikely to explain these findings.
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14
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Smarz K, Tysarowski M, Zaborska B, Pilichowska-Paszkiet E, Sikora-Frac M, Budaj A, Jaxa-Chamiec T. Chronotropic Incompetence Limits Aerobic Exercise Capacity in Patients Taking Beta-Blockers: Real-Life Observation of Consecutive Patients. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9020212. [PMID: 33669448 PMCID: PMC7920432 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronotropic incompetence in patients taking beta-blockers is associated with poor prognosis; however, its impact on exercise capacity (EC) remains unclear. Methods: We analyzed data from consecutive patients taking beta-blockers referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess EC. Chronotropic incompetence was defined as chronotropic index (CI) ≤ 62%. Results: Among 140 patients all taking beta-blockers (age 61 ± 9.7 years; 73% males), 64% with heart failure, chronotropic incompetence was present in 80.7%. EC assessed as peak oxygen uptake was lower in the group with chronotropic incompetence, 18.3 ± 5.7 vs. 24.0 ± 5.3 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001. EC correlated positively with CI (β = 0.14, p < 0.001) and male gender (β = 5.12, p < 0.001), and negatively with age (β = −0.17, p < 0.001) and presence of heart failure (β = −3.35, p < 0.001). Beta-blocker dose was not associated with EC. Partial correlation attributable to CI accounted for more than one-third of the variance in EC explained by the model (adjusted R2 = 59.8%). Conclusions: In patients taking beta-blockers, presence of chronotropic incompetence was associated with lower EC, regardless of the beta-blocker dose. CI accounted for more than one-third of EC variance explained by our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Smarz
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (B.Z.); (E.P.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (A.B.); (T.J.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maciej Tysarowski
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (B.Z.); (E.P.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (A.B.); (T.J.-C.)
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Beata Zaborska
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (B.Z.); (E.P.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (A.B.); (T.J.-C.)
| | - Ewa Pilichowska-Paszkiet
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (B.Z.); (E.P.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (A.B.); (T.J.-C.)
| | - Małgorzata Sikora-Frac
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (B.Z.); (E.P.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (A.B.); (T.J.-C.)
| | - Andrzej Budaj
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (B.Z.); (E.P.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (A.B.); (T.J.-C.)
| | - Tomasz Jaxa-Chamiec
- Department of Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Grochowski Hospital, 04-073 Warsaw, Poland; (M.T.); (B.Z.); (E.P.-P.); (M.S.-F.); (A.B.); (T.J.-C.)
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15
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Effect of closed loop stimulation versus accelerometer on outcomes with cardiac resynchronization therapy: the CLASS trial. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020; 61:479-485. [PMID: 32757086 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00829-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronotropic incompetence (CI) in patients with heart failure is common and associated with impaired exercise intolerance and adverse outcomes. This study sought to determine the effects of closed loop stimulation (CLS) rate-adaptive pacing on functional capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and CI implanted with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices. METHODS A randomized, blinded, cross-over designed trial enrolled patients with HFrEF and CI implanted with a Biotronik CRT-D to complete a quality of life questionnaire, 6-min walk distance (6MWD), and cardiopulmonary exercise testing after two programmed periods: 1-week period of CLS and 1-week period of standard accelerometer (DDDR). RESULTS Nine patients (6 males, mean age 71.4 years, 7 with New York Heart Association Class III, mean ejection fraction 39 ± 8%) were enrolled. Quality of life trended higher in CLS as compared to DDDR (550.8 ± 123.9 vs 489.3 ± 164.9, p = 0.06). There were no differences between CLS and DDDR in 6MWD (293.1 ± 90.2 m vs 315.1 ± 95.5 m, p = 0.52), peak heart rate (HR) 110.7 ± 14.7 bpm vs 109.7 bpm ± 14.1, p = 0.67), or peak VO2 (12.3 ± 4.9 ml/kg/min vs 12.9 ± 5.9, p = 0.47). As tests were submaximal as indicated by low respiratory exchange ratios (0.98 ± 0.11 vs 1.0 ± 0.8, p = 0.35), VE/VCO2 slope also showed no difference between CLS and DDDR (35.8 ± 5.6 vs 35.4 ± 5.7, p = 0.65). Five patients (56%) preferred CLS programming (p = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS In patients with HFrEF and CI implanted with a CRT-D, peak HR, peak VO2, and 6MWD were equivalent, while there was a trend toward improved quality of life in CLS as compared to DDDR. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02693262.
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16
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Sova M, Genzor S, Ghazal Asswad A, Kolek V. Chronotropic incompetence could negatively influence post-operative risk assessment in patients before lung cancer surgery. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:2595-2601. [PMID: 32642167 PMCID: PMC7330419 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.03.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a standard part of preoperative evaluation in patients before lung surgical resection. According to current guidelines the risk of such a procedure is estimated according to maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max). Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is a prevalent condition which could possibly influence cardiopulmonary fitness. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of CI in patients before surgical lung resections and its influence on CPET results. Methods This study enrolled 154 patients (97 men) of average age 66.4±8.3 with newly diagnosed lung cancer indicated for surgical lung resections. All patients underwent CPET (cycle ergometry). Age predicted maximal HR was calculated using the traditional equation (220 – age). Three levels of CI were defined as, 85% HRpred, 80% HRpred and 70% HRpred. The influence of CI on CPET results was evaluated. Results CI was present in the following ratios: 85% HRpred—48.7%; 80% HRpred—39.6% and 70% HRpred—16.9%. A significant negative correlation was also found between VO2max, maximal heart rate (HR) and maximal work load among all CI groups (P<0.0001). The presence of CI significantly correlated with beta-blocker treatment (P<0.0001). Conclusions CI significantly decreases VO2max in patients before lung cancer surgery. It is strongly associated with beta-blocker treatment which could negatively influence risk assessment. It is thus a matter for future discussion, as to whether the evaluation of CI should be part of preoperative care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Sova
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Genzor
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vitezslav Kolek
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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17
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De Cannière H, Smeets CJP, Schoutteten M, Varon C, Van Hoof C, Van Huffel S, Groenendaal W, Vandervoort P. Using Biosensors and Digital Biomarkers to Assess Response to Cardiac Rehabilitation: Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17326. [PMID: 32432552 PMCID: PMC7270861 DOI: 10.2196/17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is known for its beneficial effects on functional capacity and is a key component within current cardiovascular disease management strategies. In addition, a larger increase in functional capacity is accompanied by better clinical outcomes. However, not all patients respond in a similar way to CR. Therefore, a patient-tailored approach to CR could open up the possibility to achieve an optimal increase in functional capacity in every patient. Before treatment can be optimized, the differences in response of patients in terms of cardiac adaptation to exercise should first be understood. In addition, digital biomarkers to steer CR need to be identified. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the difference in cardiac response between patients characterized by a clear improvement in functional capacity and patients showing only a minor improvement following CR therapy. METHODS A total of 129 patients in CR performed a 6-minute walking test (6MWT) at baseline and during four consecutive short-term follow-up tests while being equipped with a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) device. The 6MWTs were used to evaluate functional capacity. Patients were divided into high- and low-response groups, based on the improvement in functional capacity during the CR program. Commonly used heart rate parameters and cardiac digital biomarkers representative of the heart rate behavior during the 6MWT and their evolution over time were investigated. RESULTS All participating patients improved in functional capacity throughout the CR program (P<.001). The heart rate parameters, which are commonly used in practice, evolved differently for both groups throughout CR. The peak heart rate (HRpeak) from patients in the high-response group increased significantly throughout CR, while no change was observed in the low-response group (F4,92=8.321, P<.001). Similar results were obtained for the recovery heart rate (HRrec) values, which increased significantly over time during every minute of recuperation, for the high-response group (HRrec1: P<.001, HRrec2: P<.001, HRrec3: P<.001, HRrec4: P<.001, and HRrec5: P=.02). The other digital biomarkers showed that the evolution of heart rate behavior during a standardized activity test differed throughout CR between both groups. These digital biomarkers, derived from the continuous measurements, contribute to more in-depth insight into the progression of patients' cardiac responses. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that when using wearable sensor technology, the differences in response of patients to CR can be characterized by means of commonly used heart rate parameters and digital biomarkers that are representative of cardiac response to exercise. These digital biomarkers, derived by innovative analysis techniques, allow for more in-depth insights into the cardiac response of cardiac patients during standardized activity. These results open up the possibility to optimized and more patient-tailored treatment strategies and to potentially improve CR outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène De Cannière
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Christophe J P Smeets
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Holst Centre, imec the Netherlands, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Schoutteten
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Carolina Varon
- Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics (STADIUS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU (Katholieke Universiteit) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Circuits and Systems (CAS), Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft, Netherlands
| | - Chris Van Hoof
- Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics (STADIUS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU (Katholieke Universiteit) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- imec vzw Belgium, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics (STADIUS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU (Katholieke Universiteit) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Vandervoort
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
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18
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Effect of Heart Rate Reserve on Exercise Capacity in Patients Treated with a Continuous Left Ventricular Assist Device. ASAIO J 2020; 66:160-165. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Takken T, Evertse A, de Waard F, Spoorenburg M, Kuijpers M, Schroer C, Hulzebos EH. Exercise responses in children and adults with a Fontan circulation at simulated altitude. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2019; 14:1005-1012. [PMID: 31602790 PMCID: PMC7003737 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traveling to high altitude has become more popular. High-altitude exposure causes hypobaric hypoxia. Exposure to acute high altitude, during air travel or mountain stays, seems to be safe for most patients with congenital heart disorders (CHD). Still, current guidelines for CHD patients express concerns regarding safety of altitude exposure for patients with a Fontan circulation. Therefore, investigating hemodynamic and pulmonary responses of acute high-altitude exposure (±2500 m) at rest and during maximal exercise in patients with Fontan circulation can provide clarity in this dispute and may contribute to improvement of clinical counseling. METHODS Twenty-one Fontan patients with 21 age-matched healthy controls, aged 8-40 years, were enrolled in an observational study. Participants performed two cardiopulmonary exercise tests on a cycle ergometer with breath-by-breath respiratory gas analyses combined with noninvasive impedance cardiac output measurements: one at sea level (±6 m) and one at simulated high altitude (±2500 m), respectively. RESULTS The effect of altitude exposure was different in rest for saturation (-2.3% vs -4.1%) between Fontan patients and healthy controls (P < .05). At peak exercise the effects of high altitude exposure was different on VO2 (-5.1% vs 9.6%) and AvO2 -diff (-0.3% vs -12.8%) between Fontan patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSION Although, acute high-altitude exposure has a detrimental effect on exercise capacity, the impact on pulmonary and hemodynamic responses of high-altitude exposure is comparable between Fontan patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Takken
- Department of Medical Physiology, Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alyanne Evertse
- Department of Medical Physiology, Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Fleur de Waard
- Department of Medical Physiology, Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mandy Spoorenburg
- Department of Medical Physiology, Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Kuijpers
- Department of Medical Physiology, Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Schroer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Maxima Medical Center Veldhoven, Veldhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H Hulzebos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Child Development and Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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20
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Marzlin KM, Webner C. Chronotropic Incompetence. AACN Adv Crit Care 2019; 30:294-300. [PMID: 31462528 DOI: 10.4037/aacnacc2019182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Marzlin
- Karen M. Marzlin is Advanced Practice Registered Nurse, Aultman Hospital; Adjunct Faculty, Malone University; and Owner/Author/Educator/Consultant, Key Choice/Cardiovascular Nursing Education Associates, 4565 Venus Rd, Uniontown, OH 44685 . Cynthia Webner is Adjunct Faculty, Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Program, Malone University, Canton, Ohio; and Partner, Key Choice/Cardiovascular Nursing Education Associates, Uniontown, Ohio
| | - Cynthia Webner
- Karen M. Marzlin is Advanced Practice Registered Nurse, Aultman Hospital; Adjunct Faculty, Malone University; and Owner/Author/Educator/Consultant, Key Choice/Cardiovascular Nursing Education Associates, 4565 Venus Rd, Uniontown, OH 44685 . Cynthia Webner is Adjunct Faculty, Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Program, Malone University, Canton, Ohio; and Partner, Key Choice/Cardiovascular Nursing Education Associates, Uniontown, Ohio
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21
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Zweerink A, van der Lingen ALCJ, Handoko ML, van Rossum AC, Allaart CP. Chronotropic Incompetence in Chronic Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 11:e004969. [PMID: 30354566 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.004969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is generally defined as the inability to increase the heart rate (HR) adequately during exercise to match cardiac output to metabolic demands. In patients with heart failure (HF), however, this definition is unsuitable because metabolic demands are unmatched to cardiac output in both conditions. Moreover, HR dynamics in patients with HF differ from those in healthy subjects and may be affected by β-blocking medication. Nevertheless, it has been demonstrated that CI in HF is associated with reduced functional capacity and poor survival. During exercise, the normal heart increases both stroke volume and HR, whereas in the failing heart, contractility reserve is lost, thus rendering increases in cardiac output primarily dependent on cardioacceleration. Consequently, insufficient cardioacceleration because of CI may be considered a major limiting factor in the exercise capacity of patients with HF. Despite the profound effects of CI in this specific population, the issue has drawn limited attention during the past years and is often overlooked in clinical practice. This might partly be caused by a lack of standardized approach to diagnose the disease, further complicated by changes in HR dynamics in the HF population, which render reference values derived from a normal population invalid. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (implantable cardioverter defibrillator; cardiac resynchronization therapy) now offer a unique opportunity to study HR dynamics and provide treatment options for CI by rate-adaptive pacing using an incorporated sensor that measures physical activity. This review provides an overview of disease mechanisms, diagnostic strategies, clinical consequences, and state-of-the-art device therapy for CI in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwin Zweerink
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - M Louis Handoko
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Albert C van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Allaart
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, VU University Medical Center, the Netherlands
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22
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Berg DD, Vaduganathan M, Upadhyay GA, Singh JP, Mehra MR, Stewart GC. Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Systems. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 71:1483-1493. [PMID: 29598870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress and evolution in device engineering, surgical implantation practices, and periprocedural management have advanced the promise of durable support with left ventricular assist systems (LVAS) in patients with stage D heart failure. With greater uptake of LVAS globally, a growing population of LVAS recipients have pre-existing cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Strategies for optimal clinical management of CIEDs in patients with durable LVAS are evolving, and clinicians will increasingly face complex decisions regarding implantation, programming, deactivation, and removal of CIEDs. Traditional decision-making pathways for CIEDs may not apply to LVAS-supported patients, as few patients die of arrhythmic causes and many arrhythmias may be well tolerated. Given limited data, treatment decisions must be individualized and made collaboratively among electrophysiologists, advanced heart failure specialists, and patients and their caregivers. Large, prospective, well-conducted studies are needed to better understand the contemporary utility of CIEDs in patients with newer-generation LVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Berg
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gaurav A Upadhyay
- Heart and Vascular Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jagmeet P Singh
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mandeep R Mehra
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Garrick C Stewart
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Heart & Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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23
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Bechsgaard DF, Hove JD, Suhrs HE, Bové KB, Shahriari P, Gustafsson I, Prescott E. Women with coronary microvascular dysfunction and no obstructive coronary artery disease have reduced exercise capacity. Int J Cardiol 2019; 293:1-9. [PMID: 31345648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and reduced exercise capacity are associated with adverse cardiovascular prognosis. The association between CMD and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) derived exercise capacity in symptomatic individuals without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) is not clear. We investigated whether exercise capacity was reduced in women with angina, CMD and no obstructive CAD compared with sex-matched controls. Furthermore, we assessed the association between CMD and other CPET-derived variables. METHODS All participants underwent transthoracic Doppler echocardiography of the left anterior descending artery with dipyridamole-induced vasodilation and CPET using ergometer cycle with an incremental test protocol. RESULTS We included 99 women with angina and no obstructive CAD (patients) and 27 asymptomatic women (controls), age (mean ± standard deviation) 61 ± 10 and 58 ± 10 years, respectively. Patients had a higher burden of risk factors compared with controls, while the weekly physical activity level was comparable between the groups (p = 0.72). CMD was present in 27 (27%) patients and 5 (19%) controls. Peak VO2 was significantly reduced in patients with CMD compared with controls with normal coronary microvascular function ((median (IQR) 17.3 (15.5-21.3) vs. 27.3 (21.6-30.8) ml/kg/min; age-adjusted p = 0.001), independent of cardiovascular risk factors (p = 0.041). Presence of CMD in symptomatic women was also associated with diminished heart rate reserve (p < 0.001) and blunted heart rate recovery. CONCLUSIONS Women with angina, CMD and no obstructive CAD have markedly reduced exercise capacity compared with sex-matched controls. Moreover, combination of angina and CMD is associated with impaired heart rate response and heart rate recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Frestad Bechsgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kettegaard Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Dahlgaard Hove
- Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kettegaard Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Hvidovre University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kettegaard Alle 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hannah Elena Suhrs
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kira Bang Bové
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Persia Shahriari
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ida Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Amorim H, Cadilha R, Parada F, Rocha A. Progression of aerobic exercise intensity in a cardiac rehabilitation program. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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25
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Amorim H, Cadilha R, Parada F, Rocha A. Progression of aerobic exercise intensity in a cardiac rehabilitation program. Rev Port Cardiol 2019; 38:281-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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26
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Paolillo S, Agostoni P, De Martino F, Ferrazzano F, Marsico F, Gargiulo P, Pirozzi E, Marciano C, Dellegrottaglie S, Perrone Filardi P. Heart rate during exercise: mechanisms, behavior, and therapeutic and prognostic implications in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:537-545. [PMID: 29926282 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance is a typical manifestation of patients affected by heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); however, the relationship among functional capacity, mortality, and exercise-induced heart rate response during exercise remains unclear in either sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation subjects. Heart rate increase during incremental load exercise has a typical pattern in normal subjects, whereas it is commonly compromised in HFrEF patients, mainly due to the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. In the present review, we aim to describe the behavior of heart rate during exercise in normal subjects and in HFrEF patients in sinus rhythm and atrial fibrillation, understanding and explaining the mechanism leading to a different exercise performance and functional limitation. Moreover, the role of chronotropic incompetence and the need of standardizing the cutoff criteria are also discussed in order to clarify the clinical importance, the prognostic relevance, and the potential therapeutic implications of this condition. Looking into the relative contribution and interaction of heart rate response during exercise might represent an important issue to guide individualized therapeutic interventions and prognostic assessment in HFrEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Sezione Cardiovascolare, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana De Martino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrazzano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Marsico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Pirozzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Santo Dellegrottaglie
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Accreditato Villa dei Fiori, Naples, Acerra, Italy.,Mount Sinai Medical School, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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27
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Tolosana JM, Brugada J. Optimizing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices in Follow-up to Improve Response Rates and Outcomes. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2019; 11:89-98. [PMID: 30717856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) will improve symptoms and survival in selected heart failure patients, there still remains a high percentage of CRT recipients who do not obtain benefit from the therapy. During CRT follow-up, an effort should be made to identify and to treat reversible causes of nonresponse to CRT. This effort includes optimization of medical therapy, checking for appropriate and effective biventricular pacing, and treatment of arrhythmias and other reversible causes of CRT malfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose María Tolosana
- Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Arrhythmia Unit Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Josep Brugada
- Pediatric Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clínic, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Santos M, West E, Skali H, Forman DE, Nadruz W, Shah AM. Resting Heart Rate and Chronotropic Response to Exercise: Prognostic Implications in Heart Failure Across the Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Spectrum. J Card Fail 2018; 24:753-762. [PMID: 30300684 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the relationship between resting heart rate (HR), chronotropic response to exercise, and clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF) across the spectrum of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). METHODS AND RESULTS Resting HR and chronotropic index (CIx) were assessed in 718 patients with HF (53 ± 14 years of age, 66% male) referred for exercise testing. Associations with the composite outcome of left ventricular assist device implantation, transplantation, or death (151 events, 4.4 [range 3.0-5.8] years of follow-up) were assessed with the use of Cox models adjusted for age, sex, HF etiology, diabetes, LVEF, beta-blocker use, device therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and peak oxygen uptake. Resting HR was 73 ± 15 beats/min, CIx was 0.60 ± 0.26, LVEF was 34% ± 15%, and 39% had an LVEF ≥40%. Resting HR correlated poorly with CIx (r = 0.08; P = .04) and did not predict (P = .84) chronotropic incompetence (CIx <0.60). Both higher resting HR (per 5 beats/min increase: adjusted hazard ratio [HR] -1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.11) and CIx (per SD change: adjusted HR -0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.94) were independent prognostic markers. No heterogeneity of effect was noted based on LVEF (P >.05). CONCLUSION Higher resting HR and lower CIx are both associated with more severe HF, but correlated poorly with each other. They provide independent and additive prognostic information in HF across the LVEF spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Santos
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular R&D Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erin West
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hicham Skali
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amil M Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Recent studies have indicated that cardiac autonomic dysfunction is an early sign of cardiovascular impairment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous studies have mainly focused on resting assessments; however, analysis of heart rate (HR) responses to exercise might provide additional information on cardiac autonomic dysfunction in this disease. Thus, we aimed to assess the HR responses during and after a maximal graded exercise test in patients with RA and healthy controls (CONs). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 27 female RA patients and 14 female CONs frequency matched by physical activity, age, and body mass index were compared for HR responses during and after a maximal graded exercise test. RESULTS Rheumatoid arthritis patients showed reduced chronotropic response (94.3% ± 16.3% vs. 106.1% ± 10.3%, p = 0.02) and lower HR recovery (HRR) at 30 seconds (8.6 ± 6.7 vs. 13.4 ± 5.2 beats/min [bpm], p = 0.02), 60 seconds (16.5 ± 7.8 vs. 24.0 ± 9.9 bpm, p = 0.01), 120 seconds (32.6 ± 9.9 vs. 40.7 ± 12.3 bpm, p = 0.03), and 180 seconds (46.5 ± 12.6 vs. 55.5 ± 13.4 bpm, p = 0.05) post-maximal exercise test when compared with CONs. Moreover, the prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (i.e., failure to reach 80% of the HR-predicted response) and abnormal HRR (i.e., HRR ≤12 bpm) were, respectively, 22.2% and 37.1% in RA patients. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RA showed reduced chronotropic response to exercise and slower postexercise HRR. These abnormal autonomic responses to exercise indicate the presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in this population.
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Genetic study links components of the autonomous nervous system to heart-rate profile during exercise. Nat Commun 2018; 9:898. [PMID: 29497042 PMCID: PMC5832790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) responds to exercise by increasing during exercise and recovering after exercise. As such, HR is an important predictor of mortality that researchers believe is modulated by the autonomic nervous system. However, the mechanistic basis underlying inter-individual differences has yet to be explained. Here, we perform a large-scale genome-wide analysis of HR increase and HR recovery in 58,818 UK Biobank individuals. Twenty-five independent SNPs in 23 loci are identified to be associated (p < 8.3 × 10−9) with HR increase or HR recovery. A total of 36 candidate causal genes are prioritized that are enriched for pathways related to neuron biology. No evidence is found of a causal relationship with mortality or cardiovascular diseases. However, a nominal association with parental lifespan requires further study. In conclusion, the findings provide new biological and clinical insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of HR response to exercise. The results also underscore the role of the autonomous nervous system in HR recovery. Response of the heart rate (HR) to exercise is associated with cardiac fitness and risk of cardiac death. Here, in a genome-wide association study, Verweij et al. identify 23 loci for HR increase during exercise or HR recovery, and highlight pleiotropy with blood pressure by polygenic risk score analysis.
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Hasebe H. A Patient with Left Bundle Branch Block and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Cardiac Catheter Ablation and Pharmacologic Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy without the Use of an Implantable Cardiac Device. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:123-127. [PMID: 29391388 PMCID: PMC5804315 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.907268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 68 Final Diagnosis: Heart failure Symptoms: Short of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Catheter ablation of AF Specialty: Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Hasebe
- Division of Arrhythmology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, Japan
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Gierula J, Paton MF, Lowry JE, Jamil HA, Byrom R, Drozd M, Garnham JO, Cubbon RM, Cairns DA, Kearney MT, Witte KK. Rate-Response Programming Tailored to the Force-Frequency Relationship Improves Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Heart Failure. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2018; 6:105-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kondo T, Yamada S, Asai C, Okumura T, Tanimura D, Murohara T. Skeletal Muscle Pump Function Is Associated With Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure. Circ J 2018; 82:1033-1040. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Sumio Yamada
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Chikako Asai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Toyohashi Heart Center
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Current Challenges and Future Directions. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2017; 17:283-298. [PMID: 28316006 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-017-0219-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common form of HF in patients older than 65 years. Among elderly women living in the community, HFpEF comprises nearly 90% of incident HF cases. The health and economic impact of HFpEF is at least as great as that of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), with similar severity of acute hospitalization rates and substantial mortality. Despite the importance of HFpEF, our understanding of its pathophysiology is incomplete, and optimal treatment remains largely undefined. Unlike the management of HFrEF, there is a paucity of large evidence-based trials demonstrating morbidity and mortality benefit for the treatment of HFpEF. The agents tested in trials to date, which were based upon an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of HFpEF, have not been positive. There is an urgent need to understand HFpEF pathophysiology and to focus on developing novel therapeutic targets.
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Shen H, Zhao J, Zhou X, Li J, Wan Q, Huang J, Li H, Wu L, Yang S, Wang P. Impaired chronotropic response to physical activities in heart failure patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:136. [PMID: 28545575 PMCID: PMC5445286 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has a beneficial effect on heart failure hospitalization and mortality, it is limited by the presence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) in some patients. This study explored the feasibility of using wearable devices to assess impaired chronotropic response in heart failure patients. Methods Forty patients with heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF: 44.6 ± 5.8; age: 54.4 ± 11.7) received ECG Holter and accelerometer to monitor heart rate (HR) and physical activities during symptom-limited treadmill exercise testing, 6-min hall walk (6MHW), and 24-h daily living. CI was defined as maximal HR during peak exercise testing failing to reach 70% of age-predicted maximal HR (APMHR, 220 – age). The correlation between HR and physical activities in Holter-accelerometer recording was analyzed. Results Of 40 enrolled patients, 26 were able to perform treadmill exercise testing. Based on exercise test reports, 13 (50%) of 26 patients did not achieve at least 70% of APMHR (CI patients). CI patients achieved a lower % APMHR (62.0 ± 6.3%) than non-CI patients who achieved 72.0 ± 1.2% of APMHR (P < 0.0001). When Holter-accelerometer recording was used to assess chronotropic response, the percent APMHR achieved during 6MHW and physical activities was significantly lower in CI patients than in non-CI patients. CI patients had a significantly shorter 6MHW distance and less physical activity intensity than non-CI patients. Conclusion The study found impaired chronotropic response in 50% of heart failure patients who took treadmill exercise testing. The wearable Holter-accelerometer recording could help to identify impaired chronotropic response to physical activities in heart failure patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02358603. Registered 16 May 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianrong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure, Research and Technology, Medtronic plc, Mounds View, MN, USA
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shungang Yang
- Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure, Research and Technology, Medtronic plc, Mounds View, MN, USA.,Medtronic Shanghai Innovation Center, Medtronic (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Cardiac Rhythm and Heart Failure, Research and Technology, Medtronic plc, Mounds View, MN, USA.,Medtronic Shanghai Innovation Center, Medtronic (Shanghai) Ltd., Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Most elderly patients, particularly women, who have heart failure, have a preserved ejection fraction. Patients with this syndrome have severe symptoms of exercise intolerance, frequent hospitalizations, and increased mortality. Despite the importance of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the understanding of its pathophysiology is incomplete, and optimal treatment remains largely undefined. Unlike the management of HFrEF, there is a paucity of large evidence-based trials demonstrating morbidity and mortality benefit for the treatment of HFpEF. An update is presented on information regarding pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and future directions in this important and growing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Upadhya
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA.
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WILKOFF BRUCEL, RICHARDS MARK, SHARMA ARJUN, WOLD NICHOLAS, JONES PAUL, PERSCHBACHER DAVID, OLSHANSKY BRIAN. A Device Histogram-Based Simple Predictor of Mortality Risk in ICD and CRT-D Patients: The Heart Rate Score. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017; 40:333-343. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - MARK RICHARDS
- Northwest Ohio Cardiology Consultants; ProMedica Cardiology; Toledo Ohio
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Heart rate response to exercise in heart failure patients: The prognostic role of metabolic–chronotropic relation and heart rate recovery. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:588-593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ozemek C, Whaley MH, Finch WH, Kaminsky LA. Maximal heart rate declines linearly with age independent of cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:563-570. [PMID: 28099086 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2016.1275042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There have been many conflicting observations between the linear or curvilinear decline in maximal heart rate (HRmax) with age. The aim of this study was to determine if linear or curvilinear equations would better describe the decline in HRmax with age in individuals of differing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels. Treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) results from participants (1510 men and 1134 women; 18-76 years) free of overt cardiovascular disease were retrospectively examined using cross-sectional and longitudinal study designs. Participants completing ≥2 CPX with ≥1 year between test dates were included in the longitudinal analysis (325 men and 150 women). Linear and quadratic regressions were applied to age and HRmax for the whole cohort and respective CRF groups (high, moderate, and low, relative to age and gender normative values). To test for differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations, the change in R2 (cross-sectional analysis) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) (longitudinal analysis) from the linear to the more complex models were calculated. The quadratic or polynomial regression in the cross-sectional analysis, marginally improved the variance in HRmax explained by age compared to the linear regression for the whole cohort (0.2%), moderate fit group (0.3%), and low fit group (0.8%). With no improvements in the high fit group. BIC did not improve for any CRF category in the longitudinal analysis. In conclusion, the minimal differences among linear, quadratic, and polynomial equations in the respective CRF groups, emphasizes the use of linear prediction equations to estimate HRmax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Ozemek
- a Clinical Exercise Physiology Program, Human Performance Laboratory , Ball State University , Muncie , IN , USA
| | - Mitchell H Whaley
- a Clinical Exercise Physiology Program, Human Performance Laboratory , Ball State University , Muncie , IN , USA
| | - W Holmes Finch
- b Department of Educational Psychology , Ball State University , Muncie , IN , USA
| | - Leonard A Kaminsky
- a Clinical Exercise Physiology Program, Human Performance Laboratory , Ball State University , Muncie , IN , USA
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Effect of Beta-Blocker Therapy, Maximal Heart Rate, and Exercise Capacity During Stress Testing on Long-Term Survival (from The Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project). Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:1751-1757. [PMID: 27670797 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Whether lower heart rate thresholds (defined as the percentage of age-predicted maximal heart rate achieved, or ppMHR) should be used to determine chronotropic incompetence in patients on beta-blocker therapy (BBT) remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 64,549 adults without congestive heart failure or atrial fibrillation (54 ± 13 years old, 46% women, 29% black) who underwent clinician-referred exercise stress testing at a single health care system in Detroit, Michigan from 1991 to 2009, with median follow-up of 10.6 years for all-cause mortality (interquartile range 7.7 to 14.7 years). Using Cox regression models, we assessed the effect of BBT, ppMHR, and estimated exercise capacity on mortality, with adjustment for demographic data, medical history, pertinent medications, and propensity to be on BBT. There were 9,259 deaths during follow-up. BBT was associated with an 8% lower adjusted achieved ppMHR (91% in no BBT vs 83% in BBT). ppMHR was inversely associated with all-cause mortality but with significant attenuation by BBT (per 10% ppMHR HR: no BBT: 0.80 [0.78 to 0.82] vs BBT: 0.89 [0.87 to 0.92]). Patients on BBT who achieved 65% ppMHR had a similar adjusted mortality rate as those not on BBT who achieved 85% ppMHR (p >0.05). Estimated exercise capacity further attenuated the prognostic value of ppMHR (per-10%-ppMHR HR: no BBT: 0.88 [0.86 to 0.90] vs BBT: 0.95 [0.93 to 0.98]). In conclusion, the prognostic value of ppMHR was significantly attenuated by BBT. For patients on BBT, a lower threshold of 65% ppMHR may be considered for determining worsened prognosis. Estimated exercise capacity further diminished the prognostic value of ppMHR particularly in patients on BBT.
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Chatterjee NA, Lewis GD. Heart Rate Modulation in Heart Failure: Time to Slow Down? J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:1897-900. [PMID: 27102505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neal A Chatterjee
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregory D Lewis
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Jamil HA, Gierula J, Paton MF, Byrom R, Lowry JE, Cubbon RM, Cairns DA, Kearney MT, Witte KK. Chronotropic Incompetence Does Not Limit Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:1885-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang J, Fang F, Yip GWK, Sanderson JE, Feng W, Xie JM, Luo XX, Lee APW, Lam YY. Importance of chronotropic response and left ventricular long-axis function for exercise performance in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:339-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cubbon RM, Ruff N, Groves D, Eleuteri A, Denby C, Kearney L, Ali N, Walker AMN, Jamil H, Gierula J, Gale CP, Batin PD, Nolan J, Shah AM, Fox KAA, Sapsford RJ, Witte KK, Kearney MT. Ambulatory heart rate range predicts mode-specific mortality and hospitalisation in chronic heart failure. Heart 2015; 102:223-9. [PMID: 26674986 PMCID: PMC4752612 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to define the prognostic value of the heart rate range during a 24 h period in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Prospective observational cohort study of 791 patients with CHF associated with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Mode-specific mortality and hospitalisation were linked with ambulatory heart rate range (AHRR; calculated as maximum minus minimum heart rate using 24 h Holter monitor data, including paced and non-sinus complexes) in univariate and multivariate analyses. Findings were then corroborated in a validation cohort of 408 patients with CHF with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Results After a mean 4.1 years of follow-up, increasing AHRR was associated with reduced risk of all-cause, sudden, non-cardiovascular and progressive heart failure death in univariate analyses. After accounting for characteristics that differed between groups above and below median AHRR using multivariate analysis, AHRR remained strongly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.991/bpm increase in AHRR (95% CI 0.999 to 0.982); p=0.046). AHRR was not associated with the risk of any non-elective hospitalisation, but was associated with heart-failure-related hospitalisation. AHRR was modestly associated with the SD of normal-to-normal beats (R2=0.2; p<0.001) and with peak exercise-test heart rate (R2=0.33; p<0.001). Analysis of the validation cohort revealed AHRR to be associated with all-cause and mode-specific death as described in the derivation cohort. Conclusions AHRR is a novel and readily available prognosticator in patients with CHF, which may reflect autonomic tone and exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Cubbon
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Naomi Ruff
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Groves
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Department, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antonio Eleuteri
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Department, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christine Denby
- Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering Department, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK Physics Department, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorraine Kearney
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Noman Ali
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew M N Walker
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Haqeel Jamil
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John Gierula
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Chris P Gale
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Phillip D Batin
- Cardiology Department, Pinderfields General Hospital, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - James Nolan
- University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- BHF Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Keith A A Fox
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert J Sapsford
- Cardiology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Klaus K Witte
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark T Kearney
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, LIGHT Laboratories, The University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Benda NMM, Seeger JPH, Stevens GGCF, Hijmans-Kersten BTP, van Dijk APJ, Bellersen L, Lamfers EJP, Hopman MTE, Thijssen DHJ. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training versus Continuous Training on Physical Fitness, Cardiovascular Function and Quality of Life in Heart Failure Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141256. [PMID: 26517867 PMCID: PMC4627811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical fitness is an important prognostic factor in heart failure (HF). To improve fitness, different types of exercise have been explored, with recent focus on high-intensity interval training (HIT). We comprehensively compared effects of HIT versus continuous training (CT) in HF patients NYHA II-III on physical fitness, cardiovascular function and structure, and quality of life, and hypothesize that HIT leads to superior improvements compared to CT. Methods Twenty HF patients (male:female 19:1, 64±8 yrs, ejection fraction 38±6%) were allocated to 12-weeks of HIT (10*1-minute at 90% maximal workload—alternated by 2.5 minutes at 30% maximal workload) or CT (30 minutes at 60–75% of maximal workload). Before and after intervention, we examined physical fitness (incremental cycling test), cardiac function and structure (echocardiography), vascular function and structure (ultrasound) and quality of life (SF-36, Minnesota living with HF questionnaire (MLHFQ)). Results Training improved maximal workload, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) related to the predicted VO2peak, oxygen uptake at the anaerobic threshold, and maximal oxygen pulse (all P<0.05), whilst no differences were present between HIT and CT (N.S.). We found no major changes in resting cardiovascular function and structure. SF-36 physical function score improved after training (P<0.05), whilst SF-36 total score and MLHFQ did not change after training (N.S.). Conclusion Training induced significant improvements in parameters of physical fitness, although no evidence for superiority of HIT over CT was demonstrated. No major effect of training was found on cardiovascular structure and function or quality of life in HF patients NYHA II-III. Trial Registration Nederlands Trial Register NTR3671
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M. M. Benda
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P. H. Seeger
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Guus G. C. F. Stevens
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bregina T. P. Hijmans-Kersten
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie P. J. van Dijk
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Louise Bellersen
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Cardiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evert J. P. Lamfers
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria T. E. Hopman
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H. J. Thijssen
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Klein DA, Katz DH, Beussink-Nelson L, Sanchez CL, Strzelczyk TA, Shah SJ. Association of Chronic Kidney Disease With Chronotropic Incompetence in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:1093-100. [PMID: 26260398 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronotropic incompetence (CI) is common in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and may be a key reason underlying exercise intolerance in these patients. However, the determinants of CI in HFpEF are unknown. We prospectively studied 157 patients with consecutive HFpEF who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and defined CI according to specific thresholds of the percent heart rate reserve (%HRR). CI was diagnosed as present if %HRR <80 if not taking a β blocker and <62 if taking β blockers. Participants who achieved inadequate exercise effort (respiratory exchange ratio ≤1.05) on cardiopulmonary exercise testing were excluded. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with CI. Of the 157 participants, 108 (69%) achieved a respiratory exchange ratio >1.05 and were included in the final analysis. Of these 108 participants, 70% were women, 62% were taking β blockers, and 38% had chronic kidney disease. Most patients with HFpEF met criteria for CI (81 of 108; 75%). Lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR), higher B-type natriuretic peptide, and higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure were each associated with CI. A 1-SD decrease in GFR was independently associated with CI after multivariable adjustment (adjusted odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.4, p = 0.02). The association between reduced GFR and CI persisted when considering a variety of measures of chronotropic response. In conclusion, reduced GFR is the major clinical correlate of CI in patients with HFpEF, and further study of the relation between chronic kidney disease and CI may provide insight into the pathophysiology of CI in HFpEF.
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Lip GYH, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JRG, Le Heuzey JY, Potpara T, Svendsen JH, Vos MA, Anker SD, Coats AJ, Haverkamp W, Manolis AS, Chung MK, Sanders P, Pieske B. European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 17:848-74. [PMID: 26293171 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lip GYH, Heinzel FR, Gaita F, Juanatey JRG, Le Heuzey JY, Potpara T, Svendsen JH, Vos MA, Anker SD, Coats AJ, Haverkamp W, Manolis AS, Chung MK, Sanders P, Pieske B, Gorenek B, Lane D, Boriani G, Linde C, Hindricks G, Tsutsui H, Homma S, Brownstein S, Nielsen JC, Lainscak M, Crespo-Leiro M, Piepoli M, Seferovic P, Savelieva I. European Heart Rhythm Association/Heart Failure Association joint consensus document on arrhythmias in heart failure, endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2015; 18:12-36. [PMID: 26297713 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Christle J, Boscheri A, Pressler A, Grinninger C, Schramm R, Hagl C, Halle M. Interval exercise training increases maximal and submaximal exercise performance in heart failure with biventricular assist device therapy. Int J Cardiol 2015; 187:104-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Keytsman C, Dendale P, Hansen D. Chronotropic Incompetence During Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes: Aetiology, Assessment Methodology, Prognostic Impact and Therapy. Sports Med 2015; 45:985-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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