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A Review of Vascular Traits and Assessment Techniques, and Their Heritability. Artery Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s44200-022-00016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractVarious tools are available to assess atherosclerosis, arterial stiffening, and endothelial function. They offer utility in the assessment of hypertensive phenotypes, in cardiovascular risk prediction, and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. We explore the relative influence of participant genetics, with reference to large-scale genomic studies, population-based cohorts, and candidate gene studies. We find heritability estimates highest for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT 35–65%), followed by pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial stiffness (26–43%), and flow mediated dilatation as a surrogate for endothelial function (14–39%); data were lacking for peripheral artery tonometry. We furthermore examine genes and polymorphisms relevant to each technique. We conclude that CIMT and pulse wave velocity dominate the existing evidence base, with fewer published genomic linkages for measures of endothelial function. We finally make recommendations regarding planning and reporting of data relating to vascular assessment techniques, particularly when genomic data are also available, to facilitate integration of these tools into cardiovascular disease research.
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Investigation of eNOS gene polymorphism exposes a genetic association between endothelial dysfunction and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:714-721. [PMID: 32187129 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with endothelial dysfunction associated osteoporosis in postmenopausal women of Punjab, India. METHODS The study involved 456 postmenopausal women having endothelial dysfunction categorized according to women with (n = 236) and without osteoporosis (n = 220). Bone mineral density (BMD) and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) were evaluated together with six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the eNOS gene (rs2070744, rs1799983, rs1800780, rs3918181, rs891512, and rs1808593). RESULTS A moderate association between RHI and BMD at femoral neck (r = 0.213, P = 0.002) and lumbar spine (r = 0.267, P < 0.001) was observed. Minor alleles C and T of SNPs rs2070744 and rs1799983 were associated with chances of osteoporosis in both co-dominant (odds ratio [OR] 2.13, P = 0.017; OR 2.77, P = 0.009) and dominant (OR 2.10, P = 0.011; OR 2.45, P = 0.007) modes, whereas minor allele A of SNP rs891512 showed marginal probability in dominant model (OR 1.68, P = 0.047). A susceptibility haplotype (CTAAAT) was observed within the eNOS gene which conferred 2.32 times higher chances of osteoporosis (OR 2.32, 95% confidence interval 1.18-4.54, P = 0.021) after adjusting for the effect of confounders. Genetic model analysis revealed that each copy of susceptibility haplotype increased the possibility of osteoporosis by a factor of 2.11 ± 0.63 (P < 0.001). RHI was significantly associated with susceptibility haplotype CTAAAT in a dose-dependent manner, whereby the severity of endothelial dysfunction increased significantly in women having two copies over women having one copy or no copy (β = 2.13, P < 0.001) of susceptibility haplotype. CONCLUSION A susceptibility haplotype CTAAAT within the eNOS gene is associated with double the possibility of endothelial dysfunction affiliated osteoporosis in postmenopausal women of Punjab, India.
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Genetic Scores of eNOS, ACE and VEGFA Genes Are Predictive of Endothelial Dysfunction Associated Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030972. [PMID: 33499313 PMCID: PMC7908366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the participation and contribution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) genes for the risk of endothelial dysfunction (ED)-associated osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women of Punjab, India. Women with ED were categorized into women with osteoporosis (n = 346) and women without osteoporosis (n = 330). They were examined for selected SNPs within eNOS, ACE and VEGFA genes. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive association of ED with bone mineral densities (BMDs) at femoral neck (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.001) and lumbar spine (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.001) after Bonferroni correction. Three susceptibility haplotypes were exposed within eNOS (CTAAAT), ACE (ACDG) and VEGFA (GATA) genes. Bearers of CTAAAT (OR 2.43, p = 0.007), ACDG (OR 2.50, p = 0.002) and GATA (OR 2.10, p = 0.009) had substantial impact for osteoporosis after correcting the effects with traditional risk factors (TRD).With uncertainty measure (R2h) and Akaike information criterion (AIC), best fit models showed that CTAAAT manifested in multiplicative mode (β ± SE: 2.19 ± 0.86, p < 0.001), whereas ACDG (β ± SE: 1.73 ± 0.54, p = 0.001) and GATA (β ± SE: 3.07 ± 0.81, p < 0.001) expressed in dominant modes. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve using weighted risk scores (effect estimates) showed substantial strength for model comprising TRD + GATA (AUC = 0.8, p < 0.001) whereas, model comprising TRD + GATA + CTAAAT exhibited excellent ability to predict osteoporosis (AUC = 0.824, p < 0.001)
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Elakkad AM, Abou-Aisha K, Hassanein SI, Gad MZ. T-786C variation in the promoter sequence of human eNOS gene markedly influences its expression level. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 11:193-197. [PMID: 28867751 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of the T-786C polymorphism (SNP) in the 5'-flanking sequence of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) on its expression level in vascular endothelium with the ultimate goal of shedding more light on the mechanisms by which genetic variations of eNOS might affect the vascular level of nitric oxide (NO). Sequences in the 5'-flanking region of eNOS gene were PCR-amplified using genomic DNA templates isolated from blood samples collected from cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Two sequence-versions carrying the same SNP site were used; a short (345 bp) and an extended one (1,594 bp), numbered relative to the translational start site. All sequences were cloned into a promoter-less vector (pGL3-basic), which carries the firefly luciferase gene as a reporter. Genotyping of the T-786C polymorphism was performed using Sanger sequencing of the insert region. Luminescence levels were then recorded 24-48 h after transfecting human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). Three genotypes were identified in the subject samples; TT, TC, or CC. The highest expression levels associated with the TT genotype, followed by the TC genotype, then the CC genotype. The extended sequence version produced higher expression levels compared to the shorter version. Our results provide evidence that the T allele at the T-786C SNP site of the eNOS gene results in increased expression of the enzyme, and consequently might provide a protective mechanism from CVD. The extended promoter sequence of eNOS resulted in higher expression of the gene, suggesting the presence of some essential binding sites for transcription enhancing proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa M Elakkad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo
| | - Khaled Abou-Aisha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo
| | - Sally I Hassanein
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo
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Nelson JW, Ferdaus MZ, McCormick JA, Minnier J, Kaul S, Ellison DH, Barnes AP. Endothelial transcriptomics reveals activation of fibrosis-related pathways in hypertension. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:104-116. [PMID: 29212850 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00111.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension poses a significant challenge to vasculature homeostasis and stands as the most common cardiovascular disease in the world. Its effects are especially profound on endothelial cells that form the inner lining of the vasculature and are directly exposed to the effects of excess pressure. Here, we characterize the in vivo transcriptomic response of cardiac endothelial cells to hypertension by rapidly isolating these cells from the spontaneous hypertension mouse model BPH/2J and its normotensive BPN/3J control strain and performing and RNA sequencing on both. Comparison of transcriptional differences between these groups reveals statistically significant changes in cellular pathways consistent with cardiac fibrosis found in hypertensive animals. Importantly, many of the fibrosis-linked genes identified also differ significantly between juvenile prehypertensive and adult hypertensive BPH/2J mice, suggesting that these transcriptional differences are hypertension related. We examined the dynamic nature of these transcriptional changes by testing whether blood pressure normalization using either a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) or a angiotensin II receptor blocker (losartan) is able to reverse these expression patterns associated with hypertension. We find that blood pressure reduction is capable of reversing some gene-expression patterns, while other transcripts are recalcitrant to therapeutic intervention. This illuminates the possibility that unmanaged hypertension may irreversibly alter some endothelial transcriptional patterns despite later intervention. This study quantifies how endothelial cells are remodeled at the molecular level in cardiovascular pathology and advances our understanding of the transcriptional events associated with endothelial response to hypertensive challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan W Nelson
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Mohammed Z Ferdaus
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - James A McCormick
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jessica Minnier
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Sanjiv Kaul
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - David H Ellison
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Medicine, Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Anthony P Barnes
- The Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
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Kim SK, Avila JJ, Massett MP. Strain survey and genetic analysis of vasoreactivity in mouse aorta. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:861-873. [PMID: 27764765 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00054.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic influence on vascular reactivity is important for identifying genes underlying impaired vascular function. The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic contribution to intrinsic vascular function and to identify loci associated with phenotypic variation in vascular reactivity in mice. Concentration response curves to phenylephrine (PE), potassium chloride (KCl), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were generated in aortic rings from male mice (12 wk old) from 27 inbred mouse strains. Significant strain-dependent differences were found for both maximal responses and sensitivity for each agent, except for SNP Max (%). Strain differences for maximal responses to ACh, PE, and KCl varied by two- to fivefold. On the basis of these large strain differences, we performed genome-wide association mapping (GWAS) to identify loci associated with variation in responses to these agents. GWAS for responses to ACh identified four significant and 19 suggestive loci. Several suggestive loci for responses to SNP, PE, and KCl (including one significant locus for KCl EC50) were also identified. These results demonstrate that intrinsic endothelial function, and more generally vascular function, is genetically determined and associated with multiple genomic loci. Furthermore, these results are supported by the finding that several genes residing in significant and suggestive loci for responses to ACh were previously identified in rat and/or human quantitative trait loci/GWAS for cardiovascular disease. This study represents the first step toward the unbiased comprehensive discovery of genetic determinants that regulate intrinsic vascular function, particularly endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kyum Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Joshua J Avila
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Michael P Massett
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Panth N, Paudel KR, Parajuli K. Reactive Oxygen Species: A Key Hallmark of Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Med 2016; 2016:9152732. [PMID: 27774507 PMCID: PMC5059509 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9152732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the prime cause of mortality worldwide for decades. However, the underlying mechanism of their pathogenesis is not fully clear yet. It has been already established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the progression of CVDs. ROS are chemically unstable reactive free radicals containing oxygen, normally produced by xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, lipoxygenases, or mitochondria or due to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase in vascular cells. When the equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity of human physiology gets altered due to several pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress is induced, which in turn leads to tissue injury. This review focuses on pathways behind the production of ROS, its involvement in various intracellular signaling cascades leading to several cardiovascular disorders (endothelial dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion, and atherosclerosis), methods for its detection, and therapeutic strategies for treatment of CVDs targeting the sources of ROS. The information generated by this review aims to provide updated insights into the understanding of the mechanisms behind cardiovascular complications mediated by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
| | - Kalpana Parajuli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Dhungepatan, Kaski 33701, Nepal
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Meijles DN, Fan LM, Ghazaly MM, Howlin B, Krönke M, Brooks G, Li JM. p22phox C242T Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Inhibits Inflammatory Oxidative Damage to Endothelial Cells and Vessels. Circulation 2016; 133:2391-403. [PMID: 27162237 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NADPH oxidase, by generating reactive oxygen species, is involved in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases and represents a therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs. A single-nucleotide polymorphism, C242T of the p22(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase, has been reported to be negatively associated with coronary heart disease and may predict disease prevalence. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS With the use of computer molecular modeling, we discovered that C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes significant structural changes in the extracellular loop of p22(phox) and reduces its interaction stability with Nox2 subunit. Gene transfection of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells showed that C242T p22(phox) significantly reduced Nox2 expression but had no significant effect on basal endothelial O2 (.-) production or the expression of Nox1 and Nox4. When cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (or high glucose), C242T p22(phox) significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α-induced Nox2 maturation, O2 (.-) production, mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor κB activation, and inflammation (all P<0.05). These C242T effects were further confirmed using p22(phox) short-hairpin RNA-engineered HeLa cells and Nox2(-/-) coronary microvascular endothelial cells. Clinical significance was investigated by using saphenous vein segments from non-coronary heart disease subjects after phlebotomies. TT (C242T) allele was common (prevalence of ≈22%) and, in comparison with CC, veins bearing TT allele had significantly lower levels of Nox2 expression and O2 (.-) generation in response to high-glucose challenge. CONCLUSIONS C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism causes p22(phox) structural changes that inhibit endothelial Nox2 activation and oxidative response to tumor necrosis factor-α or high-glucose stimulation. C242T single-nucleotide polymorphism may represent a natural protective mechanism against inflammatory cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Lampson M Fan
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Maziah M Ghazaly
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Brendan Howlin
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Martin Krönke
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Gavin Brooks
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.)
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- From Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, UK (D.N.M., G.B., J.-M.L.); Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK (D.N.M., M.M.G., B.H.); Department of Cardiology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, UK (L.M.F.); and Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Germany (M.K.).
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Fazakas Á, Szelényi Z, Szénási G, Nyírő G, Szabó PM, Patócs A, Tegze N, Fekete BC, Molvarec A, Nagy B, Jakus J, Örsi F, Karádi I, Vereckei A. Genetic predisposition in patients with hypertension and normal ejection fraction to oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HYPERTENSION : JASH 2016; 10:124-32. [PMID: 26778769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress (OXS) due to myocardial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling related to oxidative depletion of its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) emerged in the pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We determined the prevalence of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding enzymes related to OXS, BH4 metabolism, and NOS function in ≥60-year-old 94 patients with hypertension and 18 age-matched controls with normal ejection fraction. Using echocardiography, 56/94 (60%) patients with hypertension had left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (HTDD+ group) and 38/94 (40%) patients had normal LV diastolic function (HTDD- group). Four SNPs (rs841, rs3783641, rs10483639, and rs807267) of guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1, the rate-limiting enzyme in BH4 synthesis, one (rs4880) of manganese superoxide dismutase, and one (rs1799983) of endothelial NOS genes were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction method and Taqman probes. Protein carbonylation, BH4, and total biopterin levels were measured from plasma samples. No between-groups difference in minor allele frequency of SNPs was found. We calculated a genetic score indicating risk for OXS based on the minor allele frequencies of the SNPs. A high genetic risk for OXS was significantly associated with HTDD+ even after adjustment for confounding variables (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]:4.79 [1.12-20.54]; P = .035). In both patient groups protein carbonylation (P < .05 for both), plasma BH4 (P < .01 for both) and in the HTDD+ group total biopterin (P < .05) increased versus controls. In conclusion, in patients with hypertension and normal ejection fraction, a potential precursor of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, a partly genetically determined increased OXS, seems to be associated with the presence of LV diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Fazakas
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Szénási
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Nyírő
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter M Szabó
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Patócs
- MTA-SE Lendulet Hereditary Endocrine Tumors Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Narcis Tegze
- Department of Neurology, Kútvölgyi Clinical Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Attila Molvarec
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Jakus
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Örsi
- Department of Applied Biology and Food Science, University of Technology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Karádi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Vereckei
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Vucinovic M, Kardum G, Bonkovic M, Resic B, Ursic A, Vukovic J. Sleep EEG composition in the first three months of life in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Clin EEG Neurosci 2014; 45:193-200. [PMID: 24323198 DOI: 10.1177/1550059413497000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated genetic influence on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) composition by a classical twin study of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in the first 3 months of life. Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were obtained in 10 MZ and 20 DZ twin pairs in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week of postmenstrual age (PMA). The EEG power spectra were generated on the basis of fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Genetic influence on active sleep/rapid eye movement (AS/REM)] and quiet sleep/non rapid eye movement (QS/NREM) sleep composition was estimated by calculating within pair concordance and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for delta (0.5-3.5 Hz), theta (4-7.5 Hz), alpha (8-11.5 Hz), sigma (12-14 Hz), and beta (14.5-20 Hz) at central derivation. MZ twins show higher ICCs than DZ twins for alpha, sigma, and beta spectral powers during QS/NREM sleep in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week PMA. However, there was no significant difference (P > .05) between the 2 types of twins in absolute differences of EEG spectral power of the alpha, beta, and sigma frequency ranges in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week PMA. The greatest mean absolute difference within MZ and DZ twin pairs and also between MZ and DZ twin groups was identified in the delta frequency range. Our findings gave an indication of genetic influence on alpha, sigma, and beta frequency ranges in the QS/NREM sleep stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Vucinovic
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Goran Kardum
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Bonkovic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Biserka Resic
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Anita Ursic
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Jonatan Vukovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
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Dawson AJ, Sathyapalan T, Sedman P, Ajjan R, Kilpatrick ES, Atkin SL. Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk Marker Evaluation in Morbid Obesity 12 Months After Bariatric Surgery Compared to Weight-Matched Controls. Obes Surg 2013; 24:349-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-1100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kuzmanić Samija R, Primorac D, Resić B, Lozić B, Krzelj V, Tomasović M, Stoini E, Samanović L, Benzon B, Pehlić M, Boraska V, Zemunik T. Association of NOS3 tag polymorphisms with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Croat Med J 2012; 52:396-402. [PMID: 21674837 PMCID: PMC3118712 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2011.52.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To test the association of NOS3 gene with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods The study included 110 unrelated term or preterm born children (69 boys and 41 girls) with HIE and 128 term and preterm born children (60 boys and 68 girls) without any neurological problems after the second year of life. Children with perinatal HIE fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for perinatal asphyxia. All children were admitted to the Clinical Hospital Split between 1992 and 2008. We analyzed 6 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within NOS3 gene (rs3918186, rs3918188, rs1800783, rs1808593, rs3918227, rs1799983), in addition to previously confirmed NOS3-associated SNP rs1800779. Genotyping was conducted using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Association analyses were performed according to allelic and genotypic distribution. Results Allelic test did not show any SNP association with HIE. SNP rs1808593 showed genotype association (P = 0.008) and rs1800783-rs1800779 TG haplotype showed an association with HIE (P < 0.001). The study had 80% statistical power to detect (α = 0.05) an effect with odds ratio (OR) = 2.07 for rs3918186, OR = 1.69 for rs3918188, OR = 1.70 for rs1800783, OR = 1.80 for rs1808593, OR = 2.10 for rs3918227, OR = 1.68 for rs1800779, and OR = 1.76 for rs1799983, assuming an additive model. Conclusion Despite the limited number of HIE patients, we observed genotypic and haplotype associations of NOS3 polymorphisms with HIE.
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13
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Association of DDAH2 gene polymorphism with cardiovascular disease in Egyptian patients. J Genet 2011; 90:161-3. [PMID: 21677405 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-011-0043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Impaired flow-mediated dilatation response in uncomplicated Type 1 diabetes mellitus: influence of shear stress and microvascular reactivity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 121:129-39. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired FMD (flow-mediated dilatation) has traditionally been recognized as an indirect marker of NO bioactivity, occurring in disease states such as DM (diabetes mellitus). Endothelium-dependent FMD is a homoeostatic response to short-term increases in local shear stress. Microvascular dysfunction in DM influences blood flow velocity patterns. We explored the determinants of the FMD response in relation to evoked DSS (diastolic shear stress) and forearm microcirculation haemodynamics by quantifying changes in Doppler flow velocity waveforms between groups. Forty patients with uncomplicated Type 1 DM and 32 controls underwent B-mode and Doppler ultrasound scanning to interrogate the brachial artery. Postischaemic Doppler velocity spectral envelopes were recorded and a wavelet-based time-frequency spectral analysis method was employed to track change in distal microcirculatory haemodynamics. No difference in baseline brachial artery diameter was evident between the groups (4.15 compared with 3.94 mm, P=0.23). FMD was significantly impaired in patients with Type 1 DM (3.95 compared with 7.75%, P<0.001). Endothelium-independent dilatation in response to GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) was also significantly impaired (12.07 compared with 18.77%, P<0.001). DSS (dyn/cm2) was significantly reduced in the patient group (mean 20.19 compared with 29.5, P=0.001). Wavelet interrogation of postischaemic flow velocity waveforms identified significant differences between groups. In conclusion, DSS, microcirculatory function and endothelium-independent vasodilatation in response to GTN are important determinants that impact on the magnitude of FMD response and are impaired in patients with Type 1 DM. Impaired FMD response is multifactorial in origin and cannot be attributed solely to a diminished NO bioavailability.
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Gad MZ, Hassanein SI, Abdel-Maksoud SM, Shaban GM, Abou-Aisha K, Elgabarty HA. Assessment of serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine andl-arginine in coronary artery disease. Biomarkers 2010; 15:746-52. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.519784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Safarinejad MR, Shafiei N, Safarinejad S. The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T-786C, G894T, and 4a/b gene polymorphisms in the risk of idiopathic male infertility. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:720-7. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Polymorphisms of the NOS3 gene in Southern Chilean subjects with coronary artery disease and controls. Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:258-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kravchenko NA, Yarmysh NV. Regulation of the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and dysfunction of vascular endothelium in cardiovascular pathology. CYTOL GENET+ 2008. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452708040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a potent risk factor for the development of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular (CV) complications. The complex metabolic milieu accompanying diabetes alters blood rheology, the structure of arteries and disrupts the homeostatic functions of the endothelium. These changes act as the substrate for end-organ damage and the occurrence of CV events. In those who develop acute coronary syndromes, patients with diabetes are more likely to die, both in the acute phase and during follow-up. Patients with diabetes are also more likely to suffer from chronic cardiac failure, independently of the presence of large vessel disease, and also more likely to develop stroke, renal failure and peripheral vascular disease. Preventing vascular events is the primary goal of therapy. Optimal cardiac care for the patient with diabetes should focus on aggressive management of traditional CV risk factors to optimize blood glucose, lipid and blood pressure control. Targeting medical therapy to improve plaque stability and diminish platelet hyper-responsiveness reduces the frequency of events associated with atherosclerotic plaque burden. In patients with critical lesions, revascularization strategies, either percutaneous or surgical, will often be necessary to improve symptoms and prevent vascular events. Improved understanding of the vascular biology will be crucial for the development of new therapeutic agents to prevent CV events and improve outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lockhart
- Department of Therapeutics and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Queens university, Belfast, UK
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−786T>C polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in Chilean subjects with coronary artery disease and controls. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 387:105-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 09/15/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhao J, Cheema FA, Reddy U, Bremner JD, Su S, Goldberg J, Snieder H, Vaccarino V. Heritability of flow-mediated dilation: a twin study. J Thromb Haemost 2007; 5:2386-92. [PMID: 17848176 PMCID: PMC3113515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a marker for early atherosclerotic vascular disease and future cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE To estimate the heritability of brachial artery FMD using a twin design. METHODS We estimated the heritability of FMD using 94 middle-aged male twin pairs. FMD was measured by ultrasound, and traditional coronary heart disease risk factors were measured. Genetic modeling techniques were used to determine the relative contributions of genes and environment to the variation in FMD. RESULTS The mean age of the twin participants was 54.9 +/- 2.8 years. The mean FMD was 0.047 +/- 0.030. The intraclass correlation coefficient was higher in MZ twins [0.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.32-0.43] than in DZ twins (0.19, 95% CI 0.11-0.26), suggesting a role of genetic influence in FMD variation. Structural equation modeling showed that both genetic and unique environmental factors contributed significantly to the variation in FMD. The crude FMD heritability was 0.37 (95% CI 0.15-0.54). After adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including age, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index, the heritability of FMD was 39% (95% CI 0.18-0.56). The remaining variation in FMD could be explained by individual-specific environment. CONCLUSION This is the first study using twins to estimate the relative contributions of genetics and environment to the variation in FMD in a US population. Our results demonstrate a moderate genetic effect on brachial artery FMD, independent of traditional coronary risk factors. Our data also highlight the importance of unique environment on the variability in FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1256 Briarcliff Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30306, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barac
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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23
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Abstract
Dysfunction of the endothelium and of the arterial wall is well described in patients with atherosclerosis, diabetes, and other risk factors for vascular disease. In recent years, clinical research has focused on elucidating the role of this dysfunction in influencing vascular disease progression. Alteration in the structure of arteries and disruption of the homeostatic functions of the endothelium act as a substrate for end-organ damage and the occurrence of vascular events. Dysfunction of the vascular endothelial cells is probably the earliest event promoting atherosclerotic lesion formation. Therefore, methods capable of assessing endothelial function at a preclinical stage hold potential to refine cardiovascular risk stratification and serve as a guide to monitor the effects of therapeutic interventions. A number of methodologies are currently employed to assess endothelial function, but the optimal approach is not firmly established. In this article, we critically appraise the use of different methodologies employed to study endothelial function as a surrogate marker of future cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lockhart
- Cardiovascular Division, Mayo Mail Code 508, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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