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Costa PMDS, Sales SLA, Pinheiro DP, Pontes LQ, Maranhão SS, Pessoa CDÓ, Furtado GP, Furtado CLM. Epigenetic reprogramming in cancer: From diagnosis to treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1116805. [PMID: 36866275 PMCID: PMC9974167 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the epigenetic program of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer that initiates and propagates tumorigenesis. Altered DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNAs expression are a feature of cancer cells. The dynamic epigenetic changes during oncogenic transformation are related to tumor heterogeneity, unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation. This stem cell-like state or the aberrant reprogramming of cancer stem cells is the major challenge in treatment and drug resistance. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, the ability to restore the cancer epigenome through the inhibition of the epigenetic modifiers is a promising therapy for cancer treatment, either as a monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies, including immunotherapies. Herein, we highlighted the main epigenetic alterations, their potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis and the epigenetic therapies approved for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mikael da Silva Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Biotechnology Northeastern Network of Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sarah Leyenne Alves Sales
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Larissa Queiroz Pontes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ-Ceará, Sector of Biotechnology, Eusebio, Ceará, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sarah Sant’Anna Maranhão
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Claudia do Ó. Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Biotechnology Northeastern Network of Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Pessoa Furtado
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ-Ceará, Sector of Biotechnology, Eusebio, Ceará, Brazil,Postgraduation Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado
- Drug Research and Development Center, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,Experimental Biology Center, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil,*Correspondence: Cristiana Libardi Miranda Furtado,
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Liu T, Guo L, Liu G, Hu X, Li X, Zhang J, Dai Z, Yu P, Jiang M, Wang J, Zhang J. Molecular Characterization of the Clinical and Tumor Immune Microenvironment Signature of 5-methylcytosine-Related Regulators in non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:779367. [PMID: 34858994 PMCID: PMC8632062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.779367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification, among which 5-methylcytosine methylation (5mC) is generally associated with tumorigenesis. Nonetheless, the potential roles of 5mC regulators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain unclear. Methods: The 5mC modification patterns of 1,374 lung adenocarcinoma samples were analyzed systematically. The correlation between the 5mC modification and tumor microenvironment cell infiltration was further assessed. The 5mCscore was developed to evaluate tumor mutation burden, immune check-point inhibitor response, and the clinical prognosis of individual tumors. Results: Three 5mC modification patterns were established based on the clinical characteristics of 21 5mC regulators. According to the differential expression of 5mC regulators, three distinct 5mC gene cluster were also identified, which showed distinct TME immune cell infiltration patterns and clinical prognoses. The 5mCscore was constructed to evaluate the tumor mutation burden, immune check-point inhibitor response, and prognosis characteristics. We found that patients with a low 5mCscore had significant immune cell infiltration and increased clinical benefit. Conclusion: This study indicated that the 5mC modification is involved in regulating TME infiltration remodeling. Targeting 5mC modification regulators might be a novel strategy to treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisheng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Guo
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Huizhou City, Huiyang Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Guihong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, DongGuan Tungwah Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoshan Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zili Dai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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Fujikura K, Alruwaii ZI, Haffner MC, Trujillo MA, Roberts NJ, Hong SM, Macgregor-Das A, Goggins MG, Roy S, Meeker AK, Ding D, Wright M, He J, Hruban RH, Wood LD. Downregulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine is an early event in pancreatic tumorigenesis. J Pathol 2021; 254:279-288. [PMID: 33870509 DOI: 10.1002/path.5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the development and progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an epigenetic DNA mark generated through the ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzyme-mediated pathway and is closely linked to gene activation. However, the timing of alterations in epigenetic regulation in the progression of pancreatic neoplasia is not well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that aberrant expression of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) and subsequent global 5hmC alteration are linked to early tumorigenesis in the pancreas. Therefore, we evaluated alterations of 5hmC and TET1 levels using immunohistochemistry in pancreatic neoplasms (n = 380) and normal ducts (n = 118). The study cohort included representation of the full spectrum of precancerous lesions from low- and high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 95), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (all subtypes, n = 129), intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (n = 12), and mucinous cystic neoplasms (n = 144). 5hmC and TET1 were significantly downregulated in all types of precancerous lesion and associated invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas compared with normal ductal epithelium (all p < 0.001), and expression of 5hmC positively correlated with expression of TET1. Importantly, downregulation of both 5hmC and TET1 was observed in most low-grade precancerous lesions. There were no clear associations between 5hmC levels and clinicopathological factors, thereby suggesting a common epigenetic abnormality across precancerous lesions. We conclude that downregulation of 5hmC and TET1 is an early event in pancreatic tumorigenesis. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujikura
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zainab I Alruwaii
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria A Trujillo
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Anne Macgregor-Das
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael G Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sujayita Roy
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Wright
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Koufakis T, Pavlidis AN, Metallidis S, Kotsa K. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in COVID-19: meeting at the crossroads between heart, diabetes and infectious diseases. Int J Clin Pharm 2021; 43:764-767. [PMID: 33751323 PMCID: PMC7942520 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-021-01256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new class of glucose-lowering agents which have changed the landscape of diabetes therapy, due to their remarkable cardiorenal protective properties. The attack of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the heart and kidneys shares similarities with diabetes; therefore, the notion that SGLT2i might have a role in the future management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is based on a solid pathophysiological hypothesis. SGLT2i have been proved to decrease the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, ameliorate oxidative stress and reduce sympathetic activity, thus resulting in downregulation of both systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. On the other hand, they have been linked to an increased risk of euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in COVID-19 are still debatable and remain to be clarified by ongoing randomized trials, to assess whether the benefits of treatment with these drugs outweigh the potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 St. Kiriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | | | - Symeon Metallidis
- Infectious Diseases Division, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 St. Kiriakidi Street, 54636, Thessaloníki, Greece.
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