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Gutiérrez-Venegas G, Sánchez-Carballido MA, Delmas Suárez C, Gómez-Mora JA, Bonneau N. Effects of flavonoids on tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:686-720. [PMID: 31758641 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is associated with tobacco use, alcohol abuse, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. While clinical outcomes have recently improved for HPV-positive patients in general, 50% of patients suffering from tongue cancer die within 5 years of being diagnosed. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites with a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. Flavonoids have generated high interest as therapeutic agents owing to their low toxicity and their effects on a large variety of cancer cell types. In this literature review, we evaluate the actions of flavonoids on SCC of the tongue demonstrated in both in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Gutiérrez-Venegas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Manuel Alejandro Sánchez-Carballido
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Claire Delmas Suárez
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Juan Arturo Gómez-Mora
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
| | - Noémie Bonneau
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, México, México
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Walker J, Baran R, Vélez N, Jellinek N. Koilonychia: an update on pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and clinical relevance. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:1985-1991. [PMID: 27531645 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Koilonychia, a concave nail dystrophy, has multiple aetiologies and may be hereditary, acquired or idiopathic. Within dermatology, koilonychia is often a manifestation of an inflammatory dermatosis such as psoriasis or lichen planus, or a sign of onychomycosis. Other disease associations include iron store abnormalities, Plummer-Vinson Syndrome, nutritional deficiencies and occupational or traumatic aetiologies. In young children, koilonychia of the toenails is commonly transient and idiopathic, although familial and syndromic cases are reported. The dermatologist must be aware of the potential cutaneous and systemic associations with koilonychia in order to guide appropriate workup, treatment and/or referral. An algorithm for evaluation of koilonychia is presented along with discussion of common causes of koilonychia and a comprehensive list of all known associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Walker
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - R Baran
- Nail Disease Centre, Dermatology, Cannes, France
| | - N Vélez
- Division of Dermatology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N Jellinek
- Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. .,Dermatology Professionals, Inc., East Greenwich, RI, USA. .,Division of Dermatology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Gawde SR, Patel TC, Rege NN, Gajbhiye S, Uchil D. Evaluation of effects of Maṇḍurabhasma on structural and functional integrity of small intestine in comparison with ferrous sulfate using an experimental model of iron deficiency anemia. Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:134-41. [PMID: 26120227 PMCID: PMC4458903 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.157157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study was planned to assess effects of Maṇḍurabhasma (MB) on structural and functional integrity of small intestine using an animal model of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in rat. Methods: IDA was induced by giving iron deficient diet and retro-orbital bloodletting for 21 days in Wistar female rats. Rats (n = 72) were divided into six groups: (i) Control group, (ii) IDA rats, (iii) IDA rats receiving vehicle, (iv) rats receiving ferrous sulfate (40 mg/kg), (vi) rats receiving a low dose (22.5 mg/kg) of MB, (vi) rats receiving a high dose (45 mg/kg) of MB. Treatment was conducted for a period of 21 days followed by an assessment of change in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, lactase levels, lipid peroxidation activity by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and jejunal morphometry. Results: In the present study, the lactase activity was markedly reduced in iron-deficient rats. Our study has demonstrated that intestinal morphology and MDA levels were not altered in the animals with IDA as compared to normal animals. In phase II, improvement in Hb response to ferrous sulfate was accompanied by an improvement in lactase activity. However, it significantly increased MDA levels with derangement of the normal villous structure. Rats receiving a low dose of MB did not have increased MDA levels. It did not alter the jejunal villous structure and improved lactase activity, but hematinic activity was found to be less than that of ferrous sulfate. Rats receiving a high dose of MB showed significantly improved Hb as well as lactase levels. They exhibited damage to the villous structure and increased MDA levels, but the effects were significantly less as compared to ferrous sulfate group. Conclusion: Rats receiving a high dose of MB have shown improvement in hematinic and lactase levels comparable to those receiving ferrous sulfate. However, it causes lesser oxidative damage as compared to ferrous sulfate. This is an encouraging finding because it indicates the potential of MB to cause lesser gastrointestinal side effects compared to ferrous sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Rajanikant Gawde
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.S. Medical College, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejal C Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.S. Medical College, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nirmala N Rege
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.S. Medical College, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehalata Gajbhiye
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.S. Medical College, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinesh Uchil
- Department of Pharmacology, Seth G.S. Medical College, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Stein J, Hartmann F, Dignass AU. Diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 7:599-610. [PMID: 20924367 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2010.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anemia is the most prevalent extraintestinal complication of IBD. It can affect quality of life and ability to work, and can also increase the hospitalization rate in patients with IBD. Although the causes of anemia in IBD are multifactorial, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common. Assessment of the iron status of patients who have a condition associated with inflammation, such as IBD, by using common biochemical values is insufficient. However, new indices of iron metabolism (for instance ferritin:transferrin receptor ratio, reticulocyte hemoglobin content or percentage of hypochromic red blood cells) may help to improve the assessment of iron status in patients with IBD. The treatment of IDA traditionally involves oral iron supplementation. However, because of extensive gastrointestinal adverse effects, and data showing that the use of oral iron in IBD may be associated with disease exacerbation, current guidelines suggest that iron supplementation in IBD should be administered intravenously. This Review provides an overview of iron homeostasis in health before discussing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for IDA in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Stein
- Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, St Elisabeth Hospital, Katharina Kasper Clinics, Teaching Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Ginnheimer Street 3, D-60487 Frankfurt, Germany.
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Fernandes MI, Galvão LC, Bortolozzi MF, Oliveira WP, Zucoloto S, Bianchi ML. Disaccharidase levels in normal epithelium of the small intestine of rats with iron-deficiency anemia. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:849-54. [PMID: 9361708 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron-deficiency anemia is the nutritional deficiency most frequently occurring throughout the world, which manifests as a complex systemic disease involving all cells, affecting enzyme activities and modifying protein synthesis. In view of these considerations, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of iron-deficiency anemia on disaccharidases and on the epithelial morphokinetics of the jejunal mucosa. Newly weaned male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each: C6w received a standard ration containing 36 mg elemental iron per kg ration for 6 weeks; E6w received an iron-poor ration (5-8 mg/kg ration) for 6 weeks; C10w received an iron-rich ration (36 mg/kg ration) for 10 weeks; E10w received an iron-poor ration for 6 weeks and then an iron-rich ration (36 mg/kg) for an additional 4 weeks. Jejunal fragments were used to measure disaccharidase content and to study cell proliferation. The following results were obtained: 1) a significant reduction (P < 0.001) of animal weight, hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) in group E6w as compared to C6w; reversal of the alterations in Hb, serum iron and TIBC with iron repletion (E10w = C10w); animal weights continued to be significantly different in groups E10w and C10w. 2) Sucrase and maltase levels were unchanged; total and specific lactase levels were significantly lower in group E6w and this reduction was reversed by iron repletion (E10w = C10w). 3) The cell proliferation parameters did not differ between groups. On the basis of these results, we conclude that lactase production was influenced by iron deficiency and that this fact was not related to changes in cell population and proliferation in the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fernandes
- Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
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Abstract
Forty-one specimens taken from lesions in the post-cricoid region of patients with the Paterson-Kelly syndrome have been examined. Most webs consist of normal oesophageal mucosa which may be associated with underlying muscle and nerve lesions. Strictures also show a chronic non-specific inflammation often with epithelial changes and sometimes squamous carcinoma. Other lesions observed clinically have also shown malignant change.
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Geerlings SE, Statius van Eps LW. Pathogenesis and consequences of Plummer-Vinson syndrome. THE CLINICAL INVESTIGATOR 1992; 70:629-30. [PMID: 1392437 DOI: 10.1007/bf00180277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bredenkamp JK, Castro DJ, Mickel RA. Importance of iron repletion in the management of Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1990; 99:51-4. [PMID: 2294834 DOI: 10.1177/000348949009900109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plummer-Vinson syndrome (PVS) is characterized by iron deficiency anemia, upper esophageal stricture, cervical dysphagia, and glossitis. The precise role of iron deficiency in PVS has yet to be defined and remains a subject of much debate. A 29-year-old woman with PVS is presented. The patient had a 4-year history of severe iron deficiency anemia, a 2-year history of progressive dysphagia and weight loss, and a greater than 90% benign upper esophageal stricture. Iron therapy alone resolved her dysphagia and anemia, and a follow-up esophagram 1 year later showed a residual stenosis of less than 30%. The development of severe iron deficiency anemia in this patient 2 years before the onset of dysphagia, as well as the response of the stricture to iron repletion, supports the theory that iron deficiency can cause dysphagia and upper esophageal strictures. The occurrence of glossitis, gastritis, and esophagitis in iron deficiency demonstrates the adverse effects of iron depletion on the rapidly proliferating cells of the upper alimentary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Bredenkamp
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine
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Ranasinghe AW, Johnson NW, Scragg MA, Williams RA. Iron deficiency reduces cytochrome concentrations of mitochondria isolated from hamster cheek pouch epithelium. J Oral Pathol Med 1989; 18:582-5. [PMID: 2559980 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1989.tb01557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of iron deficiency on the aerobic pathway of energy metabolism were studied using mitochondria isolated from epithelial cells from the hamster cheek pouch. A statistically significant reduction in the concentrations of cytochromes aa3, b and c (P less than 0.05), a reduction (P = 0.064) in cytochrome cl and altered cytochrome ratios were found in the mitochondria of iron deficient compared to normal animals. State 4 respiration was demonstrated in the mitochondria of both normal and iron deficient animals but state 3 respiration could not be demonstrated; this suggests uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation which may be an artefact associated with the separation of epithelium from its connective tissue. Nevertheless we conclude that the reduction in cytochrome concentration is a real effect of iron deficiency which may explain, at least in part, the reduction of both energy production and cell proliferation seen in oral epithelia under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Ranasinghe
- Department of Oral Pathology, London Hospital Medical College, UK
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Ranasinghe AW, Johnson NW, Scragg MA. Iron deficiency depresses cell proliferation in hamster cheek pouch epithelium. CELL AND TISSUE KINETICS 1987; 20:403-12. [PMID: 3427604 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1987.tb01325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia was induced in hamsters by feeding a low iron diet coupled with weekly bleeding. To assess cell proliferation, the stathmokinetic agent vinblastine sulphate was administered and cell birth rates were calculated from cumulative mitotic indices. The rate was significantly reduced in epithelium from iron-deficient animals. The uptake of tritiated thymidine [( 3H]TdR) was also significantly reduced in these animals. Results of both stathmokinetic and labelling experiments indicate that cell production in the cheek pouch epithelium of iron-deficient animals is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Ranasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Scott J, Valentine JA, St Hill CA, West CR. Morphometric analysis of atrophic changes in human lingual epithelium in iron deficiency anaemia. J Clin Pathol 1985; 38:1025-9. [PMID: 4044872 PMCID: PMC499353 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.38.9.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A stereological analysis of epithelial structure at the lateral surface of the tongue showed that iron deficiency anaemia was associated with reduced epithelial thickness despite the absence of overt mucosal abnormalities. The epithelial atrophy was entirely due to a reduction in the size and number of cells in the maturation compartment. By contrast, the progenitor cell compartment was increased in thickness due to an increase in the number of cells. This hyperplastic reaction may be a trophic response to the overall loss of epithelium in this condition.
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Ranasinghe AW, Johnson NW, Williams RA, Scragg MA. Effects of iron deficiency on respiration of hamster cheek-pouch epithelium in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 1985; 30:651-4. [PMID: 3865640 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(85)90150-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron-deficiency anaemia was induced in hamsters by feeding a low-iron diet coupled with weekly bleeding. Respiration, assessed by measuring oxygen uptake, was significantly reduced (p less than 0.002) in cheek-pouch epithelia from iron-deficient animals. To relate data on oxygen consumption to cell numbers, the cell densities of the basal and maturation compartments were measured. The cell density of the maturation compartment in iron-deficient animals was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05), whereas that of the basal cell compartment was marginally higher than in control animals. However, the cell density of the tissue as a whole was similar in both groups. Thus, the reduced oxygen consumption in iron deficiency was not due to a reduction in cell numbers. Although there was a significant reduction in epithelial volume in the iron-deficient group, this was not sufficient to account for the reduced oxygen uptake in cheek-pouch epithelia from these animals. It is concluded that iron-deficiency anaemia affects cell respiration directly, probably by interfering with the amounts and/or functions of iron-containing enzymes or cytochromes in the electron-transport chain.
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Ranasinghe AW, Warnakulasuriya KA, Tennekoon GE, Seneviratna B. Oral mucosal changes in iron deficiency anemia in a Sri Lankan female population. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, AND ORAL PATHOLOGY 1983; 55:29-32. [PMID: 6572346 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(83)90302-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The oral mucosal changes in iron deficiency anemia were studied in a selected hospital population. A high incidence of oral lesions was present in the anemic group as compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Atrophic changes of the tongue were quite characteristic clinically, and a significant reduction in the mean epithelial thickness of the buccal mucosa was determined histologically.
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Adlington P, Leedham P, Smith P. The place of iron deficiency in the Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome. J Laryngol Otol 1973; 87:845-59. [PMID: 4728299 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100077720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Elwood PC, Hughes D. Clinical trial of iron therapy of psychomotor function in anaemic women. BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1970; 3:254-5. [PMID: 5448798 PMCID: PMC1701216 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.3.5717.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of aspects of psychomotor function were assessed in 47 women before and after iron therapy. These women, all of whom had initial haemoglobin levels below 10.5 g./100 ml., had been drawn from a population sample of 2,283 women seen at a haematological screening survey. There was no evidence of any beneficial effect of a rise in haemoglobin level on psychomotor function or on symptoms. Possibly this is because if an effect does occur it is unlikely to be apparent unless the haemoglobin level is very low. If this is true then anaemia is probably a rare cause of symptoms or impairment in psychomotor function in the community.
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Jensen H, Hjorting-Hansen E, Kjerulf K. Tongue biopsies in various clinical conditions. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1965; 178:651-662. [PMID: 5850344 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1965.tb04315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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