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Satapathy P, Khatib MN, Gaidhane S, Zahiruddin QS, Serhan HA, Sharma RK, Sharma D, Arora M, Rustagi S, Na A, Alsayyah A, Al-Hajeili M, Al-Subaie MF, Alfaresi M, Alissa M, Rabaan AA. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in head and neck cancer patients in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:516. [PMID: 38783184 PMCID: PMC11112865 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor in the development of head and neck cancers (HNCs), with varying prevalence and impact. This study aims to systematically review and analyze the prevalence of HPV in HNCs in India, providing insights into regional variations. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 10, 2023. Inclusion criteria focused on original research reporting HPV-positive cases among HNC patients in India. We used Nested-Knowledge software, for screening, and data extraction. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for quality assessment of included studies. We pooled the prevalence of HPV among HNC patients and performed a random-effects model meta-analysis using R software (version 4.3). RESULTS The search yielded 33 studies, encompassing 4654 HNC patients. The pooled prevalence of HPV infection was found to be 33% (95% CI: 25.8-42.6), with notable heterogeneity (I² = 95%). Analysis of subgroups according to geographical location indicated varying prevalence rates. Specifically, the prevalence was 47% (95% CI: 32.2-62.4) in the eastern regions and 19.8% (95% CI: 10.8-33.4) in the western regions. No evidence of publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION The observed considerable regional disparities on the prevalence of HPV in HNC patients in India emphasizes the need for integrated HPV vaccination and screening programs in public health strategies. The findings underline the necessity for further research to explore regional variations and treatment responses in HPV-associated HNCs, considering the impact of factors such as tobacco use and the potential benefits of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakasini Satapathy
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, 51001, Iraq.
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Shilpa Gaidhane
- One Health Centre (COHERD), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Global South Asia Infant Feeding Research Network (SAIFRN), Division of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, India
| | - Hashem Abu Serhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town, Dehradun, India
- Graphic Era Hill University, Clement Town, Dehradun, India
| | - Divya Sharma
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140417, Punjab, India
| | - Mithhil Arora
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - AlKaabi Na
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi Health Services Company (SEHA), 51900, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Alsayyah
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Al-Hajeili
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, 23624, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha F Al-Subaie
- Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, 13328, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, 11533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference laboratory, Cleveland clinic Abu Dhabi, 92323, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 505055, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, 11533, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, 31311, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, 22610, Haripur, Pakistan
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Vani NV, Rama R, Madhanagopal R, Vijayalakshmi R, Swaminathan R. Human Papillomavirus-Attributable Head and Neck Cancers in India-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2300464. [PMID: 38513185 PMCID: PMC10965205 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck cancer accounts for about one third of the global burden in India. Mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been hypothesized as a contributory risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC) but its prevalence in Indian patients is not well established. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of HPV in HNC in India and their attributable fraction by considering the biomarkers of carcinogenesis, p16, and HPV E6/E7 mRNA. METHODS A systematic literature search was done in Medline via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Cochrane to identify studies on HPV and HNC in the Indian population, published between January 1990 and October 2022. Fifty-four eligible studies were identified and relevant clinical information was collected. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of HPV DNA, p16INK4a, and E6/E7 mRNA percent positivity by random-effect logistic regression model using Metapreg, STATA 18. RESULTS Thirty-four high-quality studies were taken for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HPV in HNC was 20% (95% CI, 12 to 32) with a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 90.79%). The proportion of HPV in oropharyngeal cancer (OPC; 22% [95% CI, 13 to 34]) and laryngeal cancer (LC; 29% [95% CI, 17 to 46]) was higher than in oral cancer (OC; 16% [95% CI, 8 to 30]). The HPV-attributable fraction of OPC, considering the E6/E7 mRNA and p16 positivity, was 12.54% and 9.68%, respectively, almost similar to LC (11.6% and 9.57%), while it was much lower in OC (3.36% and 4%). CONCLUSION The HPV-attributable fraction is considerably lower for OC, suggesting a negligible causative role of HPV in OC. A significant proportion of OPC and LC are attributed to HPV; however, their exact causative role is unclear because of the presence of other known risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ranganathan Rama
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | - Rajendran Madhanagopal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
| | | | - Rajaraman Swaminathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Tumour Registry, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India
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Shruti T, Khanna D, Khan A, Dandpat A, Tiwari M, Singh AG, Mishra A, Shetty A, Birur P, Chaturvedi P. Status and Determinants of Early Detection of Oral Premalignant and Malignant Lesions in India. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231159556. [PMID: 36809192 PMCID: PMC9947682 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231159556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been over four decades since the launch of the National Cancer Control Programme in India, yet the cancer screening rates for oral cancer remain unremarkable. Moreover, India is bracing a large burden of oral cancer with poor survival rates. An effective public health programme implementation relies on a multitude of factors related to cost-effective evidence-based interventions, the healthcare delivery system, public health human resource management, community behaviour, partnership with stakeholders, identifying opportunities and political commitment. In this context, we discuss the various challenges in the early detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Shruti
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Divya Khanna
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India,Divya Khanna, MD, Department of Preventive
Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi
Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Banaras Hindu University,
Campus, Sundar Bagiya Colony, Sundarpur, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Aqusa Khan
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Abhishek Dandpat
- Departmentof Preventive Oncology,
Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi Bhabha
Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Manish Tiwari
- Department of Head and Neck
Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi
Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | - Arjun G. Singh
- Department of Head and Neck
Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Aseem Mishra
- Department of Head and Neck
Oncology, Mahamana Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya Cancer Centre (MPMMCC) and Homi
Bhabha Cancer Hospital (HBCH), Tata Memorial Centres, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Praveen Birur
- Department of Oral Medicine and
Radiology, Consultant Biocon Foundation and Integrated Head and Neck Programme,
Mazumdar Shaw Medical Foundation, KLES Institute of Dental
Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Homi Bhabha National
Institute, Anushakti Nagar, India,Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
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Hefni AM, Sayed AM, Hussien MT, Abdalla AZ, Gabr AG. CD133 is an independent predictive and prognostic marker in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:207-215. [PMID: 36120770 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-210539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD133 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and is considered the most common cell surface marker to identify cancer stem cells in hematological and solid tumors, including breast cancer. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of immunohistochemical expression of CD133 on response rate and survival in metastatic breast cancer, as well as to correlate it with various demographics and clinicopathological characteristics. METHODS One-hundred metastatic breast cancer patients were prospectively recruited at the Medical Oncology Department at South Egypt Cancer Institute during the period from January 2018 to January 2020. RESULTS There was a statistically significant correlation between CD133 positive patients with various adverse clinicopathological parameters such as high grade (p= 0.013), higher tumor (p= 0.001), and nodal staging (p= 0.024) during a median follow-up time of 17 months. In addition, Cases with CD133 positive expression had a significantly lower survival time than those with negative expression (3-years OS 37.4% versus 85.5%, p= 0.024). Regarding the response rate, CD133 positive patients had a lower response rate than negative patients (50% versus 54%, p= 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Positive CD133 is correlated with poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mubarak Hefni
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayat Mohammed Sayed
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa T Hussien
- Oncologic Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Adel Gomaa Gabr
- Medical Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Verma G, Aggarwal N, Chhakara S, Tyagi A, Vishnoi K, Jadli M, Singh T, Goel A, Pandey D, Sharma A, Agarwal K, Sarkar U, Doval DC, Sharma S, Mehrotra R, Singh SM, Bharti AC. Detection of human papillomavirus infection in oral cancers reported at dental facility: assessing the utility of FFPE tissues. Med Oncol 2021; 39:13. [PMID: 34792663 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oral cancers is on the rise. However, epidemiological data of this subset of cancers are limited. Dental hospital poses a unique advantage in detection of HPV-positive oral malignancies. We assessed the utility of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, which are readily available, for evaluation of high-risk HPV infection in oral cancer. For protocol standardization, we used 20 prospectively collected paired FFPE and fresh tissues of histopathologically confirmed oral cancer cases reported in Oral Medicine department of a dental hospital for comparative study. Only short PCRs (~ 200 bp) of DNA isolated using a modified xylene-free method displayed a concordant HPV result. For HPV analysis, we used additional 30 retrospectively collected FFPE tissues. DNA isolated from these specimens showed an overall 23.4% (11/47) HPV positivity with detection of HPV18. Comparison of HPV positivity from dental hospital FFPE specimens with overall HPV positivity of freshly collected oral cancer specimens (n = 55) from three cancer care hospitals of the same region showed notable difference (12.7%; 7/55). Further, cancer hospital specimens showed HPV16 positivity and displayed a characteristic difference in reported sub-sites and patient spectrum. Overall, using a xylene-free FFPE DNA isolation method clubbed with short amplicon PCR, we showed detection of HPV-positive oral cancer in dental hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Verma
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Suhail Chhakara
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kanchan Vishnoi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohit Jadli
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ankit Goel
- Subharti Dental College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgatosh Pandey
- Department of Oncosurgery, Dr. Bheem Rao Ambedkar Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Urmi Sarkar
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Shashi Sharma
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, ICMR- National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.
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Hernandez AL, Karthik R, Sivasubramanian M, Raghavendran A, Lensing S, Lee JY, Abraham P, Mathai D, Palefsky JM. Prevalence of oral human papillomavirus infection among Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:675. [PMID: 34247583 PMCID: PMC8274002 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been causally linked to a subset of oropharyngeal cancers in Western populations, and both oropharyngeal cancer and oral HPV infection are increased among HIV-positive individuals. India has high incidences of oral and oropharyngeal cancers, and Indian HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) may be at increased risk of developing oropharyngeal cancers. However, there is little information available on the prevalence of oral HPV in this population. METHODS We tested 302 HIV-positive Indian MSM for oral HPV infection using L1 HPV DNA PCR with probes specific for 29 types and a mixture of 10 additional types. CD4+ level and plasma HIV viral load (VL) were measured. Participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire including a sexual history. RESULTS The prevalence of oral HPV was 23.7% (95% CI: 19-29%) and 2.4% of participants had oncogenic HPV types. No participants had oral HPV type 16 (HPV-16) and the prevalence of other anogenital HPV types was low. Participants with higher CD4+ levels had reduced odds of having any oral HPV infection (OR: 3.1 [1.4-6.9]) in multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of oral HPV among Indian HIV-positive MSM. Our results show a high prevalence of oral HPV infection consistent with studies from Western populations. However, oncogenic anogenital HPV types were relatively uncommon in our study population. It is unknown what the impact of this distribution of oral HPV will be on oropharyngeal cancers. HIV-positive MSM in India should be monitored closely for oral and oropharyngeal pre-cancer and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Hernandez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Box 0654, 513 Parnassus Ave, Room S420, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
- Public Health Program, College of Education and Health Sciences, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA.
| | - Rajiv Karthik
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | | | - Shelly Lensing
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jeannette Y Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Priya Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Dilip Mathai
- Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Joel M Palefsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Box 0654, 513 Parnassus Ave, Room S420, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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Nandi S, Mandal A, Chhebbi M. The prevalence and clinicopathological correlation of human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in India: A systematic review article. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 26:100301. [PMID: 33401132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) pose a great danger to society and now we have shreds of evidence for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) being one of the major causative agents for it. Though the prevalence of HPV varies throughout the world, it is gradually on the rise. The present systematic review aims to retrospect all the available studies on the prevalence of HPV in HNSCC in India and its clinicopathological aspect to study how it is different from HPV negative HNSCC. METHODS An objective electronic database search was conducted in PUBMED Central, MeSH, NLM Catalog, Bookshelf, and PUBMED published in 25 years period from 1994 till 2019. A total of 33 articles were shortlisted for the present review. RESULTS Studies conducted across India show the prevalence of HPV in Head and Neck Cancers ranging from 0-86.6%. Some studies reported that HPV positive HNSCC is more common in younger age, presents with advanced stage disease, and more commonly presents with nodal metastasis. As opposed to western literature HPV positive HNSCC in India is associated with a well-differentiated tumor grade. There is no difference in treatment outcome and survival among HPV positive and negative HNSCC. CONCLUSION Exact prevalence of HPV in HNSCC is still doubtful but now we have some insight into it. The prevalence of HPV in Indian HNSCC patients has risen gradually but treatment outcome and survival may be poorer compared to other countries. However definite conclusions cannot be drawn without proper prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Nandi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India.
| | - Amitabha Mandal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India.
| | - Madiwalesh Chhebbi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India.
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8
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Pal P, Halder A. Is There Any Role of Arsenic Toxicity in HPV Related Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:274-283. [PMID: 29959645 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent human carcinogen affecting the rate of cancer deaths worldwide. In India, West Bengal is the worst affected state by arsenic. To our best knowledge, this is the first study relating arsenic toxicity with oral carcinoma, along with HPV infection, the latter being well established in western countries. To find out a possible correlation between arsenic toxicity and oral carcinoma in the population of West Bengal, in or without any association with human papilloma virus infection. Ethical clearance of this study was obtained from the institutional committee. One hundred and four malignant and 103 premalignant cases were selected for this study along with 200 healthy age and sex-matched individuals selected as control (100 each for malignant and premalignant) (2013-2017). On proper consent, their buccal swab and hair samples were assessed for the presence of HPV DNA by DNA extraction, followed by PCR and arsenic estimation by flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry respectively. A very highly significant correlation has been observed between arsenic toxicity, HPV infection and the occurrence of oral carcinoma (p value = 2.18e-06; p value = 0.00100 respectively). A correlation has also been observed between these two factors simultaneously, contributing to this malignancy (phi coefficient = 0.2194839). A statistically significant correlation observed between this metal toxicity and viral infection in the occurrence of oral carcinoma in this population indicates a possible symbiotic role between these two factors in this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Pal
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, 99 Sarat Bose Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Ajanta Halder
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, 99 Sarat Bose Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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Manoharan V, Karunanayake EH, Tennekoon KH, De Silva S, De Silva K, Angunawela P, Lunec J. Nucleotide variants and protein expression of TP53 in a Sri Lankan cohort of patients with head and neck cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2781-2791. [PMID: 30816478 PMCID: PMC6423636 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the leading cancer in Sri Lankan males and second most common cancer among Sri Lankan females. This is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, that has focused on investigating the association between TP53 somatic DNA variants, with p53 protein expression and risk factors in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients with HNC. A total of 44 patients with cancer and 20 healthy controls were studied. In total, 36 genomic DNA sequence variants were found, including several novel variants (two deletions in exons 4 and 6, two in the 3′ untranslated region and several intronic variants). A total of 14 tumour samples carried pathogenic TP53 mutations. A random selection of 24 samples was analysed immunohistochemically for p53 protein expression. All the samples with point missense variants were strongly immuno-positive, whereas, samples with nonsense and frameshift TP53 variants were immuno-negative for p53 immunohistochemical staining. Although, the human papilloma virus is a known risk factor for HNC, results from the present study identified an absence or lower level of infection in the Sri Lankan cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahinipriya Manoharan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric Hamilton Karunanayake
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Sumadee De Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanishka De Silva
- Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Maharagama 10280, Sri Lanka
| | - Preethika Angunawela
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka
| | - John Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4AD, UK
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10
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Prevalence and Impact of Human Papillomavirus on Head and Neck Cancers: Review of Indian Studies. Indian J Surg Oncol 2018; 9:568-575. [PMID: 30538390 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-018-0813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an important emerging etiology for head and neck cancers (HNCs) worldwide. Considering its impact on prognosis, it is important to understand the true prevalence of HPV-associated HNCs in India. This article reviews the prevalence of HPV-related HNCs across various studies in India where the population is predominantly tobacco users, and studies its outcomes with respect to HPV.
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11
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Pal P, Raychowdhury R, Basu S, Gure PK, Das S, Halder A. Cytogenetic and micronuclei study of human papillomavirus-related oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 22:335-340. [PMID: 30651677 PMCID: PMC6306614 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_269_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of human papilloma viral infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma is well studied in the Western countries, but its correlation with DNA damage in the form of micronuclei (MN) formation, ceased apoptosis or presence of chromosomal abnormalities has not yet been studied. AIM The aim of this study is to find any possible correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cytogenetic damage in the oral malignant and premalignant population of West Bengal. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 104 malignant and 103 premalignant cases were selected along with 200 controls. METHODS The buccal smear samples were Pap stained for the detection of MN, apoptosis frequency and koilocytes. The buccal swab samples were processed for DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HPV DNA. The peripheral venous blood samples were processed for the detection of any chromosomal abnormality, by the method of human leukocyte culture followed by Giemsa staining. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Correlation analysis using GraphPad Prism software was used in this study. RESULTS About 34.6%, 42.3% and 6.73% of malignant and 6.79%, 3.88% and 20.38% of premalignant cases showed the presence of HPV DNA, koilocytes and apoptosis, respectively. The difference between the MN frequencies of premalignant and malignant oral lesions with the control group is significant with respect to various risk factors (P < 0.05). One percentage of malignant cases showed the presence of chromosomal break. CONCLUSION A considerable percentage of malignant cases showing the presence of koilocytes and viral DNA may indicate the effect of HPV infection leading to the malignancy, which can be correlated with the MN and apoptosis frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Pal
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ranjan Raychowdhury
- Department of Otolaryngology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Basu
- Department of Pathology, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasanta Kumar Gure
- Department of Otolaryngology, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Das
- Department of Oral Maxillo Facial and Surgery, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajanta Halder
- Department of Genetics, Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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12
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Prevalence and types of high-risk human papillomaviruses in head and neck cancers from Bangladesh. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:792. [PMID: 29178862 PMCID: PMC5702125 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a dramatic rise in the incidence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) - associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the world, with considerable variation by geography, gender and ethnicity. Little is known about the situation in Bangladesh, where tobacco- and areca nut-related head and neck cancers (HNCs) are the most common cancers in men. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV in HNSCC in Bangladesh and to explore the possible value of cell cycle markers in clinical diagnostic settings. METHODS One hundred and ninety six archival HNSCC tissue samples were analysed for the presence of HPV DNA. The DNA quality was assured, and then amplified using a nested PCR approach. The typing of HPV was performed by automated DNA sequencing. Cellular markers p53, Cyclin D1 and pRb were tested on all samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC), as well as p16 as a putative surrogate for the detection of HPV. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 36/174 (~21%) samples: 36% of cancers from the oropharynx; 31% of oral cancers, and 22% from the larynx. HPV-16 was most common, being present in 33 samples, followed by HPV-33 (2 samples) and HPV-31 (1 sample). Twenty-eight out of 174 samples were positive for p16, predominantly in HPV-positive tissues (p < 0.001). No statistically significant association was observed between the cellular markers and HPV DNA positive cases. However, p16 positivity had excellent predictive value for the presence of HPV by PCR. CONCLUSION There is a significant burden of HPV-associated HNSCC in Bangladesh, particularly in the oropharynx but also in oral and laryngeal cancers. Whilst a combination of PCR-based DNA detection and p16 IHC is useful, the latter has excellent specificity, acceptable sensitivity and good predictive value for carriage of HPV in this population and should be used for prognostic evaluation and treatment planning of all HNSCC patients in South Asia, as in the Western world.
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13
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Altered peritumoral microRNA expression predicts head and neck cancer patients with a high risk of recurrence. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:1387-1401. [PMID: 28731048 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is typically characterized by a high incidence of local recurrences. It has been extensively shown that mucosa from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients carries both genetic and gene expression alterations, which are mostly attributable to major etiologic agents of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We previously identified a signature of microRNAs (miRNAs) whose high expression in tumors is predictive of recurrence. Here, we investigated whether the deregulation of miRNA expression in the tumor-surrounding mucosa is correlated to disease recurrence. Specifically, comparing the miRNA expression in matched tumoral, peritumoral, and normal tissues collected from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, we identified 35 miRNAs that are deregulated in both tumoral and peritumoral tissues as compared with normal matched samples. Four of these composed a miRNA signature that predicts head and neck squamous cell carcinoma local recurrence independently from prognostic clinical variables. The predictive power of the miRNA signature increased when using the expression levels derived from both the peritumoral and the tumoral tissues. The expression signal of the miRNAs composing the predictive signature correlated with the transcriptional levels of genes mostly associated with proliferation. Our results show that expression of miRNAs in tumor-surrounding mucosa may strongly contribute to the identification of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients at high risk of local recurrence.
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14
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Gheit T, Anantharaman D, Holzinger D, Alemany L, Tous S, Lucas E, Prabhu PR, Pawlita M, Ridder R, Rehm S, Bogers J, Maffini F, Chiocca S, Lloveras B, Kumar RV, Somanathan T, de Sanjosé S, Castellsagué X, Arbyn M, Brennan P, Sankaranarayanan R, Pillai MR, Gangane N, Tommasino M. Role of mucosal high-risk human papillomavirus types in head and neck cancers in central India. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:143-151. [PMID: 28369859 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPV) cause a subset of head and neck cancers (HNC). The HPV-attributable fraction of HNC varies substantially between countries. Although HNC has a very high incidence in the Indian subcontinent, information on the contribution of HPV infection is limited. Here, we evaluated the HPV-attributable fraction in HNC (N = 364) collected in a central region of India. HNC from three different anatomical subsites were included, namely, oral cavity (n = 252), oropharynx (n = 53) and hypopharynx/larynx (n = 59). In this retrospective study, HPV-driven HNC were defined by presence of both viral DNA and RNA. Overexpression of p16INK4a was also evaluated. HR-HPV DNA was detected in 13.7% of the cases; however, only 2.7% were positive for both HPV DNA and RNA. The highest percentage of HPV DNA/RNA double positivity was found in oropharynx (9.4%), followed by larynx (1.7%) and oral cavity (1.6%) (p = 0.02). More than half of HPV DNA/RNA-positive cases were p16INK4a -negative, while a considerable number of HPV RNA-negative cases were p16INK4a -positive (17.9%). HPV16 was the major type associated with HNC (60.0%), although cases positive for HPV18, 35 and 56 were also detected. Our data indicate that the proportion and types of mucosal HR-HPV associated with HNC in this central Indian region differ from those in other (developed) parts of the world. This may be explained by differences in smoking and/or sexual behaviour compared with North America and northern Europe. Moreover, we show that p16INK4a staining appeared not to be a good surrogate marker of HPV transformation in the Indian HNC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Gheit
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Devasena Anantharaman
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 69008, France
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695014, India
| | - Dana Holzinger
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laia Alemany
- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain & CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Tous
- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain & CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Lucas
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Priya Ramesh Prabhu
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruediger Ridder
- Roche MTM laboratories, Mannheim, Germany
- Ventana Medical Systems Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | | | | | | | | | - Belén Lloveras
- Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Pg/Marítim 25-29, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | | | - Silvia de Sanjosé
- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain & CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Castellsagué
- L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain & CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO)-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Arbyn
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology/Belgian Cancer Centre, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, B1050, Belgium
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 69008, France
| | | | | | - Nitin Gangane
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra State, 442102, India
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Sarkar S, Alam N, Chakraborty J, Biswas J, Mandal SS, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection leads to the development of head and neck lesions but offers better prognosis in malignant Indian patients. Med Microbiol Immunol 2017; 206:267-276. [PMID: 28343330 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-017-0502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancers constitute a multifactorial global disease burden and are associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) as a possible risk factor. The aim of the study is to understand the relationship between HPV and the development of head and neck lesions in Indian patients. To this end, frequency of HPV was assessed in relation to different demographic and etiological features and correlated with patient survival. The prevalence of HPV significantly increased from mild dysplastic lesions (43.6%) to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) stage IV (68.5%) with HPV 16 being pre-dominant in both dysplasia (43.8%) and HNSCC (61.5%). Similar trend was observed in increasing grades of the tumour. In invasive lesions, patients aged below the median age of onset showed significantly higher occurrence of HPV than those above it. Patients harbouring HPV showed a significantly better survival irrespective of age of onset. Likewise, better survival was observed in tobacco habit negative/HPV-positive patients, and as reflected in both univariate and multivariate analysis. Majority of the HPV 16-positive samples showed moderate/high nuclear expression of HPV E6 and E7 proteins in tumours and respective basal layer of adjacent normal tissues. Thus, our data indicate that frequent HPV infection, along with tobacco habit, is a pre-requisite factor for the development of HNSCC of Indian patients but offers a better survival even during tobacco usage, implicating its diagnostic and prognostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Sarkar
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India
| | - Neyaz Alam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Jayanta Chakraborty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Jaydip Biswas
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Syam Sundar Mandal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Basic Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700026, India.
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16
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Dhingra V, Verma J, Misra V, Srivastav S, Hasan F. Evaluation of Cyclin D1 expression in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC01-EC04. [PMID: 28384866 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/21760.9329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy of the upper aero digestive tract and comprises 90% of all Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). It is the sixth leading cancer worldwide with approximately 600,000 cases reported annually. It is one of the most common cancers in India. Tumour Lymph Node and Metastases (TNM) staging has been the most useful indicator to predict prognosis in HNSCC but recently various biomolecular markers have potentially offered new methods for early diagnosis and treatment alternatives for HNSCC patients; one amongst them being cyclin D1. AIM This study has been undertaken to evaluate expression of cyclin D1 in HNSCC cases and to find out its association with various pathological prognostic factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 48 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tumour sections, stained with Haematoxylin & Eosin were graded and staged. Immunohistochemistry for cyclin D1 was evaluated as Extent Score (ES), Intensity Score (IS) and Total Score (TS) was calculated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All the relevant data collected was transferred on to the excel sheet. Chi square test with and without Yate's correction was used to compare various parameters. The p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as critical level of significance. RESULTS A significant association was seen between TS of Cyclin D1 expression with tumour stage and with lymph node metastasis but not with grade. CONCLUSION Higher Cyclin D1 expression is associated with higher tumour stage and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, there is value of analysing cyclin D1 amplification and expression, for prognostic evaluation. This may also be further used for targeted therapy in head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Dhingra
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, M.L.N Medical College , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Verma
- Student, Department of Pathology, M.L.N Medical College , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vatsala Misra
- Consultant Oncosurgeon, Department of Pathology, M.L.N Medical College , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sapan Srivastav
- Professor, Department of Pathology, M.L.N Medical College , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Faheema Hasan
- Student, Department of Pathology, M.L.N Medical College , Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Dahiya K, Dhankhar R. Updated overview of current biomarkers in head and neck carcinoma. World J Methodol 2016; 6:77-86. [PMID: 27018324 PMCID: PMC4804254 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell cancer is the most common type of malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the head and neck region. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the predominant causes of cancer related casualties worldwide. Overall prognosis in this disease has improved to some extent with the advancements in therapeutic modalities but detection of primary tumor at its initial stage and prevention of relapse are the major targets to be achieved for further improvement in terms of survival rate of patients. Latest achievements in basic research regarding molecular characterization of the disease has helped in better perception of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC progression and also in recognizing and targeting various molecular biomarkers associated with HNSCC. In the present article, we review the information regarding latest and potential biomarkers for the early detection of HNSCC. A detailed molecular characterization, ultimately, is likely to improve the development of new therapeutic strategies, potentially relevant to diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancers. The need for more accurate and timely disease prediction has generated enormous research interests in this field.
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18
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Human Papilloma Virus Associated Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. JOURNAL OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES 2015; 2015:791024. [PMID: 26483987 PMCID: PMC4592920 DOI: 10.1155/2015/791024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the commonest causes for mortality and morbidity with squamous cell carcinoma being the sixth most frequent malignant tumour worldwide. In addition to tobacco and alcohol, human papilloma virus (HPV) is associated with a proportion of head and neck cancers. As in cervical cancers, HPV types 16 and 18 are the cause of malignant transformation. HPV-positive cancers of head and neck have unique characteristics such as occurrence in a younger age group, distinct clinical and molecular features, and better prognosis as compared to HPV-negative carcinomas. They also possess the potential for prevention by using vaccination. The present review describes in detail the salient features of HPV associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), its differences from HPV-negative OSCC, diagnostic features, and recent strategies in prevention and management.
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19
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Laprise C, Madathil SA, Allison P, Abraham P, Raghavendran A, Shahul HP, ThekkePurakkal AS, Castonguay G, Coutlée F, Schlecht NF, Rousseau MC, Franco EL, Nicolau B. No role for human papillomavirus infection in oral cancers in a region in southern India. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:912-7. [PMID: 26317688 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a major public health issue in India with ∼ 77,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths yearly. Paan chewing, tobacco and alcohol use are strong risk factors for this cancer in India. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are also related to a subset of head and neck cancers (HNCs). We examined the association between oral HPV and oral cancer in a sample of Indian subjects participating in a hospital-based case-control study. We recruited incident oral cancer cases (N = 350) and controls frequency-matched by age and sex (N = 371) from two main referral hospitals in Kerala, South India. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected by interviews. Epithelial cells were sampled using Oral CDx® brushes from the oral cancer site and the normal mucosa. Detection and genotyping of 36 HPV genotypes were done using a polymerase chain reaction protocol. Data collection procedures were performed by qualified dentists via a detailed protocol with strict quality control, including independent HPV testing in India and Canada. HPV DNA was detected in none of the cases or controls. Associations between oral cancer and risk factors usually associated with HPV infection, such as oral sex and number of lifetime sexual partners, were examined by logistic regression and were not associated with oral cancer. Lack of a role for HPV infection in this study may reflect cultural or religious characteristics specific to this region in India that are not conducive to oral HPV transmission. A nationwide representative prevalence study is needed to investigate HPV prevalence variability among Indian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudie Laprise
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sreenath A Madathil
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Allison
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Priya Abraham
- Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | | | - Hameed P Shahul
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Geneviève Castonguay
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hôpital Notre-Dame Du Centre De Recherche Du Centre Hospitalier De L'université De Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Marie-Claude Rousseau
- Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Eduardo L Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Division of Oral Health and Society, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Ang SH, Haaland B, Acharyya S, Thu MMM, Krisna SS, Hwang SG, Tan PH, Ng QS, Tan DSW, Tai WM, Tan EH, Lim WT, Ang MK. Interactions between clinical factors, p16, and cyclin-D1 expression and survival outcomes in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2014; 37:1650-9. [PMID: 24953865 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P16 and cyclin-D1 are cell cycle proteins commonly dysregulated in head and neck carcinoma. We assessed their expression, clinicopathological variables, and overall survival (OS) in oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS Clinical characteristics and p16 and cyclin-D1 expression were evaluated in 101 patients with oropharyngeal SCC and 75 patients with hypopharyngeal SCC. Associations with OS were assessed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS Compared to oropharyngeal SCC, patients with hypopharyngeal SCC were older, men, ever-smokers with higher mean Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), lower p16 expression, and poorer median OS (24.8 vs 62.3 months; p < .01). In oropharyngeal SCC, CCI (p < .001), cyclin-D1 (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.55; p = .007), current smoking (HR = 5.72; p = .004), and former smoking (HR = 4.12; p = .035) were independently associated with OS. In hypopharyngeal SCC, only nodal and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status were associated with OS. CONCLUSION In oropharyngeal SCC, cyclin-D1 expression is correlated with survival, whereas smoking status and CCI may allow further stratification of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Haaland
- Centre of Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanchalika Acharyya
- Centre of Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Minn M M Thu
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sai-Sakktee Krisna
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Siok-Gek Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Puay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Quan-Sing Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai-Meng Tai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-Huat Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Teck Lim
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei-Kim Ang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Barry B, Ortholan C. [Human papilloma virus in head and neck cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2014; 18:430-3. [PMID: 25151649 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck cancer is frequently associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption but there is an increasing incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma associated with oncogenic type-16 human papillomavirus (HPV). The clinical profile of these patients is distinct from that of other patients, with an earlier onset, 1/1 male to female sex ratio, cystic cervical nodes. Detection of intratumoral viral DNA is essential to confirm the role of HPV. According to several reports, the prognosis in terms of survival and locoregional control is better in HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma than in HPV-negative oropharyngeal carcinoma or associated with tobacco consumption. The future lies in vaccination of women against cervical cancer but vaccination of boys will be certainly necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barry
- Service ORL, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, 46, rue Henri-Huchard, 75877 Paris cedex 18, France
| | - C Ortholan
- Service de radiothérapie, centre hospitalier Princesse-Grace, avenue Pasteur, 98000 Monaco, Monaco.
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22
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Petkova R, Chelenkova P, Georgieva E, Chakarov S. What's your poison? Impact of individual repair capacity on the outcomes of genotoxic therapies in cancer. Part II - information content and validity of biomarkers for individual repair capacity in the assessment of outcomes of anticancer therapy. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:2-7. [PMID: 26019482 PMCID: PMC4433894 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.902532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual variance in the efficiency of repair of damage induced by genotoxic therapies may be an important factor in the assessment of eligibility for different anticancer treatments, the outcomes of various treatments and the therapy-associated complications, including acute and delayed toxicity and acquired drug resistance. The second part of this paper analyses the currently available information about the possibilities of using experimentally obtained knowledge about individual repair capacity for the purposes of personalised medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumena Petkova
- Scientific Technological Service (STS) , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Stoian Chakarov
- Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Faculty of Biology , Sofia , Bulgaria
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Sikka S, Sikka P. Association of Human Papilloma Virus 16 Infection and p53 Polymorphism among Tobacco using Oral Leukoplakia Patients: A Clinicopathologic and Genotypic Study. Int J Prev Med 2014; 5:430-8. [PMID: 24829730 PMCID: PMC4018591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) and p53 alterations are speculated to play a role in carcinogenesis. This study was carried out to find out the association of HPV and p53 with precancerous lesions of the oral cavity such as leukoplakia: The objective of this study was to find the association among human papilloma virus (HPV) 16 infections and p53 polymorphism in tobacco using the oral leukoplakia patients. METHODS A total of 91 oral leukoplakia patients and 100 controls were randomly selected from the out-patient department of a tertiary care dental hospital of North-east India. Blood samples were drawn incisional biopsy was performed from the lesion proper and the tissue was processed for histopathological grading. Cytological smears were taken from the lesional site of leukoplakia patients and buccal mucosa of controls. The rate of HPV infection and p53 polymorphism was detected with the help of polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis and deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing. RESULTS The rate of HPV 16 infection was found significantly high in the oral leukoplakia patients. No particular p53 genotype at exon 4 of codon 72 was found to be associated with oral leukoplakia, but "C" allele (proline) at exon 4 of codon 72 was significantly raised in these patients. CONCLUSIONS Oral leukoplakia, a well-known pre-cancerous lesion, has been shown to be associated with tobacco, but certain other factors like HPV infection and p53 polymorphism may play an important role in its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sikka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sudha Rastogi Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India,Correspondence to: Dr. Seema Sikka, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Sudha Rastogi Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India. E-mail:
| | - Pranav Sikka
- Department of Pharmacology, L.L.R.M. Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hunt JL, Barnes L, Lewis JS, Mahfouz ME, Slootweg PJ, Thompson LDR, Cardesa A, Devaney KO, Gnepp DR, Westra WH, Rodrigo JP, Woolgar JA, Rinaldo A, Triantafyllou A, Takes RP, Ferlito A. Molecular diagnostic alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and potential diagnostic applications. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 271:211-23. [PMID: 23467835 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2400-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that continues to be difficult to treat and cure. In many organ systems and tumor types, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the molecular basis for tumorigenesis, disease progression and genetic implications for therapeutics. Although tumorigenesis pathways and the molecular etiologies of HNSCC have been extensively studied, there are still very few diagnostic clinical applications used in practice today. This review discusses current clinically applicable molecular markers, including viral detection of Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus, and molecular targets that are used in diagnosis and management of HNSCC. The common oncogenes EGFR, RAS, CCND1, BRAF, and PIK3CA and tumor suppressor genes p53, CDKN2A and NOTCH are discussed for their associations with HNSCC. Discussion of markers with potential future applications is also included, with a focus on molecular alterations associated with targeted therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hunt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Services, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas, USA
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Petkova R, Chelenkova P, Yemendzhiev H, Tsekov I, Chakarov S, Kalvatchev Z. HPV Has Left the Building—the Absence of Detectable HPV DNA and the Presence of R Allele/S for the P72R Polymorphism in the TP53Gene May Call for More Aggressive Therapeutic Approach in HPV-Associated Tumours. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2013. [DOI: 10.5504/bbeq.2013.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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26
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Joseph AW, D'Souza G. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus-related head and neck cancer. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2012; 45:739-64. [PMID: 22793850 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is now recognized to cause a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Although excessive tobacco and alcohol use continue to be important risk factors for HNSCC, epidemiologic studies suggest that more than 25% of HNSCC are now caused by HPV. The incidence of HPV-related HNSCC is increasing, highlighting the need to understand the oral HPV infections causing these cancers. This article reviews the evidence for a causal association between HPV and HNSCC, examines the changing epidemiologic trends of HNSCC, and discusses what is currently known about oral HPV infection, natural history, and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Joseph
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, JHOC 6th Floor, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Loeb KR, Asgari MM, Hawes SE, Feng Q, Stern JE, Jiang M, Argenyi ZB, de Villiers EM, Kiviat NB. Analysis of Tp53 codon 72 polymorphisms, Tp53 mutations, and HPV infection in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34422. [PMID: 22545084 PMCID: PMC3335843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-melanoma skin cancers are one of the most common human malignancies accounting for 2–3% of tumors in the US and represent a significant health burden. Epidemiology studies have implicated Tp53 mutations triggered by UV exposure, and human papilloma virus (HPV) infection to be significant causes of non-melanoma skin cancer. However, the relationship between Tp53 and cutaneous HPV infection is not well understood in skin cancers. In this study we assessed the association of HPV infection and Tp53 polymorphisms and mutations in lesional specimens with squamous cell carcinomas. Methods We studied 55 cases of histologically confirmed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and 41 controls for the presence of HPV infection and Tp53 genotype (mutations and polymorphism). Results We found an increased number of Tp53 mutations in the squamous cell carcinoma samples compared with perilesional or control samples. There was increased frequency of homozygous Tp53-72R polymorphism in cases with squamous cell carcinomas, while the Tp53-72P allele (Tp53-72R/P and Tp53-72P/P) was more frequent in normal control samples. Carcinoma samples positive for HPV showed a decreased frequency of Tp53 mutations compared to those without HPV infection. In addition, carcinoma samples with a Tp53-72P allele showed an increased incidence of Tp53 mutations in comparison carcinomas samples homozygous for Tp53-72R. Conclusions These studies suggest there are two separate pathways (HPV infection and Tp53 mutation) leading to cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas stratified by the Tp53 codon-72 polymorphism. The presence of a Tp53-72P allele is protective against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and carcinoma specimens with Tp53-72P are more likely to have Tp53 mutations. In contrast Tp53-72R is a significant risk factor for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and is frequently associated with HPV infection instead of Tp53 mutations. Heterozygosity for Tp53-72R/P is protective against squamous cell carcinomas, possibly reflecting a requirement for both HPV infection and Tp53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R. Loeb
- Divisions of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maryam M. Asgari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Stephen E. Hawes
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Qinghua Feng
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joshua E. Stern
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mingjun Jiang
- Institute of Dermatology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zsolt B. Argenyi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Dermatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ethel-Michele de Villiers
- Division for the Characterization of Tumorviruses, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nancy B. Kiviat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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García MPS, García-García A. Epigenome and DNA methylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 863:207-19. [PMID: 22359295 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-612-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics studies and defines inherited changes in gene expression that are not encoded in the DNA sequence. The most studied epigenetic change in mammalian DNA is cytosine methylation in CpG dinucleotide areas. The other main group in epigenetic changes includes the posttranslational modifications of histones, mainly phosphorylation, deacetylation changes, and in the ubiquitinylation status. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the oral cavity, and epigenetic changes are very common, as described in this chapter. Alterations in the DNA methylation status resulting from exposure to environmental stress agents have been documented even before birth. Although many epigenetic markers are potentially reversible, the mechanism still remains unclear and many epigenetic changes persist across cell lines and the life of the organism.
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Abstract
Over the last 20 years, there has been increasing awareness of a subset of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC), i.e. HPV-positive HNSCC. These cancers seem to differ somewhat from HPV-negative HNSCC. Patients with HPV-positive HNSCC tend to be younger and have a lower intake of tobacco and alcohol. Distinct molecular profiles separate them from HPV-negative cancers and show similarities with HPV-positive cervical SCC. There is evidence that HPV-positive HNSCC is a sexually transmitted disease. Patients with HPV-positive HNSCC are often diagnosed at a late stage with large cystic lymph nodes in the neck. HPV-positive HNSCC show an affinity for the oropharynx, especially the tonsils and the base of the tongue, and tend to show low differentiation histopathologically. There is a better prognosis regardless of the treatment regimen for HPV-positive HNSCC compared with HPV-negative HNSCC, and this seems to be related to the immune system. Whether the new vaccines for HPV will protect not only against cervical cancer but also against HPV-positive HNSCC remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Braemer Lajer
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Taneja P, Maglic D, Kai F, Zhu S, Kendig RD, Fry EA, Inoue K. Classical and Novel Prognostic Markers for Breast Cancer and their Clinical Significance. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2010; 4:15-34. [PMID: 20567632 PMCID: PMC2883240 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of biomarkers ensures breast cancer patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) have been playing significant roles in the selection and management of patients for endocrine therapy. HER2 is a strong predictor of response to trastuzumab. Recently, the roles of ER as a negative and HER2 as a positive indicator for chemotherapy have been established. Ki67 has traditionally been recognized as a poor prognostic factor, but recent studies suggest that measurement of Ki67-positive cells during treatment will more effectively predict treatment efficacy for both anti-hormonal and chemotherapy. p53 mutations are found in 20–35% of human breast cancers and are associated with aggressive disease with poor clinical outcome when the DNA-binding domain is mutated. The utility of cyclin D1 as a predictor of breast cancer prognosis is controversial, but cyclin D1b overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Likewise, overexpression of the low molecular weight form of cyclin E1 protein predicts poor prognosis. Breast cancers from BRCA1/2 carriers often show high nuclear grades, negativity to ER/PR/HER2, and p53 mutations, and thus, are associated with poor prognosis. The prognostic values of other molecular markers, such as p14ARF, TBX2/3, VEGF in breast cancer are also discussed. Careful evaluation of these biomarkers with current treatment modality is required to determine whether their measurement or monitoring offer significant clinical benefits.
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Misra C, Majumder M, Bajaj S, Ghosh S, Roy B, Roychoudhury S. Polymorphisms at p53, p73, and MDM2 loci modulate the risk of tobacco associated leukoplakia and oral cancer. Mol Carcinog 2009; 48:790-800. [PMID: 19204927 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms at loci controlling cellular processes such as cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis may modulate the risk of cancer. We examined the association of two linked polymorphisms (G4C14-A4T14) at p73 and one polymorphism (309G > T) at MDM2 promoter with the risk of leukoplakia and oral cancer. The p73 and MDM2 genotypes were determined in 197 leukoplakia patients, 310 oral cancer patients and in 348 healthy control subjects. The p73 GC/AT genotype increased the risk of leukoplakia (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3) and oral cancer (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.7-3.3) but the 309G > T MDM2 polymorphism independently could not modify the risk of any of the diseases. Stratification of the study population into subgroups with different tobacco habits showed that the risk of the oral cancer is not modified further for the individuals carrying p73 risk genotype. However, leukoplakia patients with smokeless tobacco habit showed increased risk with combined GC/AT and AT/AT (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3-7.0) genotypes. A combined analysis was done with our previous published data on p53 codon 72 pro/arg polymorphism. Analysis of pair wise genotype combinations revealed increase in risk for specific p73-MDM2 and p73-p53 genotype combinations. Finally, the combined three loci analyses revealed that the presence of at least one risk allele at all three loci increases the risk of both leukoplakia and oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Misra
- Molecular & Human Genetics Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Maiti GP, Sabbir MG, Alam N, Sikdar N, Roy B, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. SH3GL2 and CDKN2A/2B loci are independently altered in early dysplastic lesions of head and neck: correlation with HPV infection and tobacco habit. J Pathol 2009; 217:408-19. [PMID: 19023882 DOI: 10.1002/path.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To understand the association of candidate tumour suppressor genes SH3GL2, p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), and p15(INK4b) in the pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we studied the deletion, mutation, and methylation of these genes in 61 dysplastic lesions and 94 HNSCC samples. In mild dysplasia, SH3GL2, p16(INK4a), and p14(ARF) showed a higher frequency of overall alterations (60-70%) than in p15(INK4b) (40%). However, in subsequent stages of tumour progression, the alteration frequency of these genes did not change significantly. One novel mutation in common exon 2 of p16(INK4a)/p14(ARF) and three in exon 9 of SH3GL2 were seen. Concordance was seen in the expression of these genes with their molecular alterations. Deletions of INK4A-ARF and p15(INK4b) have a significant poor patient outcome. The alterations of p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), and p15(INK4b) were positively correlated with tobacco and inversely with HPV, while SH3GL2 alterations were independent of these factors. Based on aetiological factors, four tumour subtypes were recognized: HPV(-)tobacco(-) (I), HPV(+)tobacco(-) (II), HPV(-)tobacco(+) (III), and HPV(+)tobacco(+) (IV). Groups III and IV showed a high frequency of p16(INK4a)/p14(ARF)/p15(INK4b) alterations with significant poor patient outcome in comparison to group II. Our findings suggest that deregulation of SH3GL2-associated signalling and p16(INK4a)/p14(ARF)/p15(INK4b)-mediated G1-S/G2-M checkpoints of cell cycle are independent pathways for the development of early dysplastic lesions of the head and neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Ghosh
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata 700026, India
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Wegman PP, Marcus NJ, Malakkaran BP, Wingren S. Biological significance of allele specific loss of the p53 gene in breast carcinomas. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 118:15-20. [PMID: 18853251 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-008-0212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor gene has a central role in the defense against cancer, including breast cancer, and contains a polymorphic variant (Arg/Pro) at codon 72 that has been shown to have different biological properties regarding apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Earlier studies have shown allele specific loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at this particular site and we aimed to investigate its biological relevance in codon 72 heterozygous breast cancer patients (i.e., survival and age of disease onset). 199 postmenopausal cases were analyzed for LOH using MegaBACE(1000) and statistics was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. LOH was found in totally 124 (62.3%) patients and the Pro allele (n = 103) was significantly more often deleted compared to the Arg allele (n = 21) (P = 0.001). Patients with LOH of the Arg allele were diagnosed at an earlier age (mean age 62.5 years) than those with loss of the Pro allele (mean age 69.2 years) (P = 0.011). LOH of the Arg allele was also associated with worse survival (P = 0.05). LOH in comparison to ROH correlated significantly with increased S-phase fraction. Tumor size, stage or number of positive lymph nodes was not related to LOH. Our results and earlier findings suggest a selective loss of the Pro allele during carcinogenesis that might confer a growth advantage for cancer cells. On the other hand, it appears to be more harmful for patients to loose the Arg allele since we found that loss of this allele was associated with earlier onset and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia P Wegman
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Orebro University, 701 82, Orebro, Sweden
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Yarmel D, Rabjohn L, Roberts K, Soundararajan S. Pedal squamous cell carcinoma in an immunocompromised host. J Foot Ankle Surg 2008; 47:343-9. [PMID: 18590900 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2008.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is a well-known and prevalent form of skin cancer. Although commonly associated with areas of increased sun exposure, squamous cell carcinoma can also localize to the foot. Immunocompromised patients are also at an increased risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma, in comparison to individuals with a fully intact immune system. Furthermore, individuals with a history of human papilloma virus infection are at a heightened risk for developing squamous cell carcinoma, particularly in regard to the development of lower extremity lesions. In this report, we discuss the epidemiology and diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, and we describe the case of an immunocompromised patient with multiple medical comorbidities who presented with squamous cell carcinoma involving his left foot. The patient underwent surgical excision of the skin lesion, and histopathological analysis of the lesion was undertaken. Further research is needed in an effort to identify specific human papilloma virus genotypes and quantitative measurements of immune competence, in order to better serve clinicians and surgeons in the management of squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Yarmel
- Foot and Ankle Surgical Program, PENN Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Matta A, DeSouza LV, Shukla NK, Gupta SD, Ralhan R, Siu KWM. Prognostic significance of head-and-neck cancer biomarkers previously discovered and identified using iTRAQ-labeling and multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:2078-87. [PMID: 18407684 DOI: 10.1021/pr7007797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic oncoproteomics is an emerging field; at present, studies on evaluation of prognostic utility of potential biomarkers identified using proteomic techniques are limited. Analysis with isobaric mass tags (iTRAQ) by multidimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify proteins that are differentially expressed in human head-and-neck/oral squamous cell carcinomas (HNOSCCs) versus noncancerous head-and-neck tissues has led to the discovery, identification, and verification of consistently increased expression of a panel of proteins, including stratifin (14-3-3sigma) and YWHAZ (14-3-3zeta), that may serve as potential cancer biomarkers. Herein, we describe the prognostic utility of these two candidate biomarkers for head-and-neck/oral squamous cell carcinoma (HNOSCC). To determine the clinical significance of stratifin and YWHAZ in head-and-neck tumorigenesis, the expressions of these two proteins were analyzed in HNOSCCs (51 cases) and nonmalignant tissues (39 cases) using immunohistochemistry. Significant increase in stratifin expression was observed in the HNOSCCs as compared to the nonmalignant mucosa [p=0.003, Odd's Ratio (OR)=3.8, 95% CI=1.6-9.2]. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis reveals correlation of stratifin overexpression with reduced disease-free survival of HNOSCC patients (p=0.06). The most intriguing finding is the significant decrease in median disease-free survival (13 months) in HNOSCC patients showing overexpression of both stratifin and YWHAZ proteins, as compared to patients that did not show overexpression of these proteins (median disease-free survival=38 months, p=0.019), underscoring their utility as adverse prognosticators for HNOSCCs. Co-immunoprecipitation assays show the formation of stratifin-YWHAZ heterodimers in HNOSCC cells and tissue samples, and interactions with NFkappaB, beta-catenin, and Bcl-2 proteins. These results suggest the involvement of these proteins in the development of head-and-neck cancer and their association with adverse disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Matta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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