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Zheng Y, Wu T, Hou X, Yang H, Yang Y, Xiu W, Pan Y, Ma Y, Mahemuti A, Xie X. Serum a-1 antitrypsin as a novel biomarker in chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:2865-2874. [PMID: 37417425 PMCID: PMC10567649 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains a major health issue worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to identify novel circulating biomarkers for CHF using serum proteomics technology and to validate the biomarker in three independent cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS The isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technology was utilized to identify the potential biomarkers of CHF. The validation was conducted in three independent cohort. Cohort A included 223 patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and 321 patients with ischaemic heart failure (IHF) from the CORFCHD-PCI study. Cohort B recruited 817 patients with IHD and 1139 patients with IHF from the PRACTICE study. Cohort C enrolled 559 non-ischaemic heart disease patients with CHF (n = 316) or without CHF (n = 243). We found the expression of a-1 antitrypsin (AAT) was elevated significantly in patients with CHF compared with that in the patients with stable IHD using statistical and bioinformatics analyses. In a validation study, there was a significant difference between patients with stable IHD and patients with IHF in AAT concentration either in cohort A (1.35 ± 0.40 vs. 1.64 ± 0.56, P < 0.001) or in cohort B (1.37 ± 0.42 vs. 1.70 ± 0.48, P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66 to 0.74, P < 0.001] in cohort A and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.76, P < 0.001) in cohort B. Furthermore, AAT was negative correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (r = -0.261, P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders using a multivariate logistic regression analysis, AAT remained an independent association with CHF in both cohort A (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.667 to 5.90, P < 0.001) and cohort B (OR = 4.10, 95% CI: 2.97 to 5.65, P < 0.001). This association was also validated in cohort C (OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.02 to 3.38, P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that serum AAT is a reliable biomarker for CHF in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ying Zheng
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Ting‐Ting Wu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Xian‐Geng Hou
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Hai‐Tao Yang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Wen‐Juan Xiu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Yi‐Tong Ma
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Ailiman Mahemuti
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
| | - Xiang Xie
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical UniversityNo. 137, Liyushan RoadUrumqi830011XinjiangChina
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Mornex JF, Balduyck M, Bouchecareilh M, Cuvelier A, Epaud R, Kerjouan M, Le Rouzic O, Pison C, Plantier L, Pujazon MC, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Toutain A, Trumbic B, Willemin MC, Zysman M, Brun O, Campana M, Chabot F, Chamouard V, Dechomet M, Fauve J, Girerd B, Gnakamene C, Lefrançois S, Lombard JN, Maitre B, Maynié-François C, Moerman A, Payancé A, Reix P, Revel D, Revel MP, Schuers M, Terrioux P, Theron D, Willersinn F, Cottin V, Mal H. [French clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of lung disease with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency]. Rev Mal Respir 2022; 39:633-656. [PMID: 35906149 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J-F Mornex
- Université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, UMR754, IVPC, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre de référence coordonnateur des maladies pulmonaires rares, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Louis-Pradel, service de pneumologie, 69500 Bron, France.
| | - M Balduyck
- CHU de Lille, centre de biologie pathologie, laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire HMNO, faculté de pharmacie, EA 7364 RADEME, université de Lille, service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, Lille, France
| | - M Bouchecareilh
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Inserm U1053 BaRITon, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Cuvelier
- Service de pneumologie, oncologie thoracique et soins intensifs respiratoires, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France; Groupe de recherche sur le handicap ventilatoire et neurologique (GRHVN), université Normandie Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - R Epaud
- Centre de références des maladies respiratoires rares, site de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - M Kerjouan
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - O Le Rouzic
- CHU Lille, service de pneumologie et immuno-allergologie, Lille, France; Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019, UMR 9017, CIIL, OpInfIELD team, Lille, France
| | - C Pison
- Service de pneumologie physiologie, pôle thorax et vaisseaux, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - L Plantier
- Service de pneumologie et explorations fonctionnelles respiratoires, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France; Université de Tours, CEPR, Inserm UMR1100, Tours, France
| | - M-C Pujazon
- Service de pneumologie et allergologie, pôle clinique des voies respiratoires, hôpital Larrey, Toulouse, France
| | - M Reynaud-Gaubert
- Service de pneumologie, centre de compétence pour les maladies pulmonaires rares, AP-HM, CHU Nord, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, IHU-Méditerranée infection, Marseille, France
| | - A Toutain
- Service de génétique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - M-C Willemin
- Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, CHU d'Angers, hôpital Larrey, Angers, France
| | - M Zysman
- Service de pneumologie, CHU Haut-Lévèque, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, centre de recherche cardiothoracique, Inserm U1045, CIC 1401, Pessac, France
| | - O Brun
- Centre de pneumologie et d'allergologie respiratoire, Perpignan, France
| | - M Campana
- Service de pneumologie, CHR d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - F Chabot
- Département de pneumologie, CHRU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Inserm U1116, université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - V Chamouard
- Service pharmaceutique, hôpital cardiologique, GHE, HCL, Bron, France
| | - M Dechomet
- Service d'immunologie biologique, centre de biologie sud, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, HCL, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - J Fauve
- Cabinet médical, Bollène, France
| | - B Girerd
- Université Paris-Saclay, faculté de médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; AP-HP, centre de référence de l'hypertension pulmonaire, service de pneumologie et soins intensifs respiratoires, hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Inserm UMR_S 999, hôpital Marie-Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - C Gnakamene
- Service de pneumologie, CH de Montélimar, GH Portes de Provence, Montélimar, France
| | | | | | - B Maitre
- Service de pneumologie, centre hospitalier intercommunal, Créteil, France; Inserm U952, UFR de santé, université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - C Maynié-François
- Université de Lyon, collège universitaire de médecine générale, Lyon, France; Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, laboratoire de biométrie et biologie évolutive, UMR5558, Villeurbanne, France
| | - A Moerman
- CHRU de Lille, hôpital Jeanne-de-Flandre, Lille, France; Cabinet de médecine générale, Lille, France
| | - A Payancé
- Service d'hépatologie, CHU Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France; Filière de santé maladies rares du foie de l'adulte et de l'enfant (FilFoie), CHU Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - P Reix
- Service de pneumologie pédiatrique, allergologie, mucoviscidose, hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, HCL, Bron, France; UMR 5558 CNRS équipe EMET, université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Revel
- Université Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M-P Revel
- Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Service de radiologie, hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M Schuers
- Université de Rouen Normandie, département de médecine générale, Rouen, France; Sorbonne université, LIMICS U1142, Paris, France
| | | | - D Theron
- Asten santé, Isneauville, France
| | | | - V Cottin
- Université de Lyon, université Lyon 1, INRAE, EPHE, UMR754, IVPC, 69007 Lyon, France; Centre de référence coordonnateur des maladies pulmonaires rares, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Louis-Pradel, service de pneumologie, 69500 Bron, France
| | - H Mal
- Service de pneumologie B, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm U1152, université Paris Diderot, site Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
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Khodayari N, Wang RL, Oshins R, Lu Y, Millett M, Aranyos AM, Mostofizadeh S, Scindia Y, Flagg TO, Brantly M. The Mechanism of Mitochondrial Injury in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Mediated Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13255. [PMID: 34948056 PMCID: PMC8704552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is caused by a single mutation in the SERPINA1 gene, which culminates in the accumulation of misfolded alpha-1 antitrypsin (ZAAT) within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hepatocytes. AATD is associated with liver disease resulting from hepatocyte injury due to ZAAT-mediated toxic gain-of-function and ER stress. There is evidence of mitochondrial damage in AATD-mediated liver disease; however, the mechanism by which hepatocyte retention of aggregated ZAAT leads to mitochondrial injury is unknown. Previous studies have shown that ER stress is associated with both high concentrations of fatty acids and mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. Using a human AAT transgenic mouse model and hepatocyte cell lines, we show abnormal mitochondrial morphology and function, and dysregulated lipid metabolism, which are associated with hepatic expression and accumulation of ZAAT. We also describe a novel mechanism of ZAAT-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. We provide evidence that misfolded ZAAT translocates to the mitochondria for degradation. Furthermore, inhibition of ZAAT expression restores the mitochondrial function in ZAAT-expressing hepatocytes. Altogether, our results show that ZAAT aggregation in hepatocytes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our findings suggest a plausible model for AATD liver injury and the possibility of mechanism-based therapeutic interventions for AATD liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khodayari
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Rejean L. Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Regina Oshins
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Yuanqing Lu
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Michael Millett
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Alek M. Aranyos
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Sayedamin Mostofizadeh
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Tammy O. Flagg
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (R.L.W.); (R.O.); (Y.L.); (M.M.); (A.M.A.); (Y.S.); (T.O.F.)
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Renduchintala K, Pabbathi S, Nanjappa S, Ramsakal A, Greene J. A Case of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency and Organizing Pneumonia. Cureus 2020; 12:e12078. [PMID: 33489496 PMCID: PMC7805524 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that presents with pulmonary complications and is most commonly manifested by panacinar emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A 49-year-old Caucasian female with a history of AATD and chronic tobacco use was referred to both infectious disease and thoracic surgery clinics with worsening cough and chronic intermittent hemoptysis for the evaluation of possible superimposed infection or malignancy. She had previously been treated with multiple antibiotics and Prolastin-CÒ (alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor). Initial CT of the chest showed known chronic bronchiectasis, severe lower lung emphysema, and right-sided lower lobe pulmonary masses. CT-guided biopsy of one mass showed nonspecific inflammation, negative cultures, and negative cytology. Subsequent follow-up with chest CT scans showed a decreasing size of right-sided pulmonary masses and new left-sided nodule formation, which later stabilized in growth. Based on symptoms and radiological and pathological findings, a diagnosis of organizing pneumonia was made. We present an unusual case of bilateral pulmonary masses mimicking infection and malignancy later found to be most consistent with an organizing pneumonia in a patient with underlying AATD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sowmya Nanjappa
- Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Asha Ramsakal
- Internal Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
| | - John Greene
- Internal Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, USA
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Khodayari N, Oshins R, Holliday LS, Clark V, Xiao Q, Marek G, Mehrad B, Brantly M. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficient individuals have circulating extracellular vesicles with profibrogenic cargo. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:140. [PMID: 32887613 PMCID: PMC7487708 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD)-mediated liver disease is a toxic “gain-of-function” inflammation in the liver associated with intracellular retention of mutant alpha-1 antitrypsin. The clinical presentation of the disease includes fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver failure. However, the pathogenic mechanism of AATD-mediated liver disease is not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) in progression of AATD-mediated liver disease. Methods EVs were isolated from plasma of AATD individuals with liver disease and healthy controls. Their cytokines and miRNA content were examined by multiplex assay and small RNA sequencing. The bioactivity of EVs was assessed by qPCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescent experiments using human hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) treated with EVs isolated from control or AATD plasma samples. Results We have found that AATD individuals have a distinct population of EVs with pathological cytokine and miRNA contents. When HSCs were cultured with AATD plasma derived-EVs, the expression of genes related to the development of fibrosis were significantly amplified compared to those treated with healthy control plasma EVs. Conclusion AATD individuals have a distinct population of EVs with abnormal cytokine and miRNA contents and the capacity to activate HSCs and mediate fibrosis. Better understanding of the components which cause liver inflammation and fibrogenesis, leading to further liver injury, has the potential to lead to the development of new treatments or preventive strategies to prevent AATD-mediated liver disease. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Khodayari
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - Regina Oshins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - Virginia Clark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | | | - George Marek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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Ghazy RM, Khedr MA. Neonatal cholestasis: recent insights. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-019-0009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundNeonatal physiological jaundice is a common benign condition that rarely extends behind the second week of life; however, it may interfere with the diagnosis of a pathological condition termed neonatal cholestasis (NC). The latter is a critical, uncommon problem characterized by conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. This review aims to highlight the differences between physiological and pathological jaundice, identify different causes of NC, and provide a recent approach to diagnosis and management of this serious condition.Main textNC affects 1/2500 live births, resulting in life-threatening complications due to associated hepatobiliary or metabolic abnormalities. NC is rarely benign and indicates the presence of severe underlying disease. If jaundice extends more than 14 days in full-term infants or 21 days in preterm infants, the serum bilirubin level fractionated into conjugated (direct) and unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin should be measured. A stepwise diagnostic approach starts with obtaining a complete history, and a physical examination which are valuable for the rapid diagnosis of the underlying disease. The most frequently diagnosed causes of NC are biliary atresia (BA) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH). The early diagnosis of NC ensures more accurate management and better prognosis. Despite the unavailability of any specific treatments for some causes of NC, the patient can benefit from nutritional management and early medical intervention. Future research should attempt to shed light on methods of screening for NC, especially for causes that can be effectively treated either through proper nutritional support, appropriate chemotherapeutic management, or timely surgical intervention.ConclusionFurther attention should be paid for diagnosis and treatment of NC as it may be misdiagnosed as physiological jaundice; this may delay the proper management of the underlying diseases and aggravates its complications.
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Lin HC, Kasi N, Quiros JA. Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency: Transition of Care for the Child With AAT Deficiency into Adulthood. Curr Pediatr Rev 2019; 15:53-61. [PMID: 30421678 PMCID: PMC6696823 DOI: 10.2174/1573396314666181113094517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is a common, but an underdiagnosed genetic condition, affecting 1 in 1500 individuals. It can present insidiously with liver disease in children. Although clinical practice guidelines exist for the management of AAT deficiency, especially with regards to pulmonary involvement, there are no published recommendations that specifically relate to the management of the liver disease and monitoring for lung disease associated with this condition, particularly in children. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on the management of AAT deficiency-associated liver disease in adults and children. EVIDENCE REVIEW A systematic search for articles indexed in PubMed and published was undertaken. Some earlier selected landmark references were included in the review. Search terms included: "alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency"; "liver disease"; "end-stage liver disease"; "liver transplantation" and "preventative management". Recommendations for the management of children with suspected or confirmed AAT deficiency were made according to the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy scale. FINDINGS Liver complications arising from AAT deficiency result from the accumulation of mutated AAT protein within hepatocytes. Liver disease occurs in 10% of children, manifested by cholestasis, pruritus, poor feeding, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly, but the presentation is highly variable. A diagnostic test for AAT deficiency is recommended for these children. Baseline liver function tests should be obtained to assess for liver involvement; however, the only curative treatment for AAT deficiency-associated liver disease is organ transplantation. Conclusion and Relevance: There should be a greater vigilance for AAT deficiency testing among pediatricians. Diagnosis should prompt assessment of liver involvement. Children with AATdeficiency- associated liver disease should be referred to a liver specialist and monitored throughout their lifetimes for the symptoms of AAT-deficiency-related pulmonary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Lin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
| | - Nagraj Kasi
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition MUSC Children's Hospital, South Carolina, SC, United States
| | - J Antonio Quiros
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition MUSC Children's Hospital, South Carolina, SC, United States
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Well-Known and Less Well-Known Functions of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin. Its Role in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Other Disease Developments. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13 Suppl 4:S280-8. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201507-468kv] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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IgE-tailpiece associates with α-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) to protect IgE from proteolysis without compromising its ability to interact with FcεRI. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20509. [PMID: 26842628 PMCID: PMC4740804 DOI: 10.1038/srep20509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several splice variants of IgE exist in human plasma, including a variant called IgE-tailpiece (IgE-tp) that differs from classical IgE by the replacement of two carboxy-terminal amino acids with eight novel residues that include an ultimate cysteine. To date, the role of the secreted IgE-tp isoform in human immunity is unknown. We show that levels of IgE-tp are raised in helminth-infected donors, and that both the classical form of IgE (IgE-c) and IgE-tp interact with polymers of the serine protease inhibitor alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT). The association of IgE-tp with A1AT polymers in plasma protects the antibody from serine protease-mediated degradation, without affecting the functional interaction of IgE-tp with important receptors, including FcεR1. That polymers of A1AT protect IgE from degradation by helminth proteases may explain why these common and normally non-disease causing polymorphic variants of A1AT have been retained by natural selection. The observation that IgE can be complexed with polymeric forms of A1AT may therefore have important consequences for our understanding of the pathophysiology of pulmonary diseases that arise either as a consequence of A1AT-deficiency or through IgE-mediated type 1 hypersensitivity responses.
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Casas F, Blanco I, Martínez MT, Bustamante A, Miravitlles M, Cadenas S, Hernández JM, Lázaro L, Rodríguez E, Rodríguez-Frías F, Torres M, Lara B. Indications for active case searches and intravenous alpha-1 antitrypsin treatment for patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency chronic pulmonary obstructive disease: an update. Arch Bronconeumol 2015; 51:185-92. [PMID: 25027067 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hereditary alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency can manifest clinically in the form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AAT deficiency (AATD) is defined as a serum concentration lower than 35% of the expected mean value or 50 mg/dl (determined by nephelometry). It is associated in over 95% of cases with Pi*ZZ genotypes, and much less frequently with other genotypes resulting from combinations of Z, S, rare and null alleles. A systematic qualitative review was made of 107 articles, focusing mainly on an active search for AATD in COPD patients and intravenous (iv) treatment with AAT. On the basis of this review, the consultant committee of the Spanish Registry of Patients with AATD recommends that all COPD patients be screened for AATD with the determination of AAT serum concentrations, and when these are low, the evaluation must be completed with phenotyping and, on occasions, genotyping. Patients with severe AATD COPD should receive the pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment recommended in the COPD guidelines. There is enough evidence from large observational studies and randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials to show that the administration of iv AAT reduces mortality and slows the progression of emphysema, hence its indication in selected cases that meet the inclusion criteria stipulated in international guidelines. The administration of periodic infusions of AAT is the only specific treatment for delaying the progression of emphysema associated with AATD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Casas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Neumología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - Ignacio Blanco
- Registro Español de pacientes con déficit de alfa-1 antitripsina, Fundación Española de Pulmón, Respira, SEPAR
| | | | - Ana Bustamante
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de Sierrallana, Torrelavega, Cantabria, España
| | - Marc Miravitlles
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, España
| | - Sergio Cadenas
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - José M Hernández
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General de la Palma, La Palma, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Lourdes Lázaro
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, España
| | - Esther Rodríguez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, España
| | | | - María Torres
- Servicio de Neumología, Complexo Universitario de Vigo, Pontevedra, España
| | - Beatriz Lara
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, España.
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Casas F, Blanco I, Martínez MT, Bustamante A, Miravitlles M, Cadenas S, Hernández JM, Lázaro L, Rodríguez E, Rodríguez-Frías F, Torres M, Lara B. Indications for Active Case Searches and Intravenous Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Treatment for Patients With Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Chronic Pulmonary Obstructive Disease: An Update. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Therapy with plasma purified alpha1-antitrypsin (Prolastin®) induces time-dependent changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MPO. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117497. [PMID: 25635861 PMCID: PMC4311911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common Z mutation (Glu342Lys) of α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) results in the polymerization and intracellular retention of A1AT protein. The concomitant deficiency of functional A1AT predisposes PiZZ subjects to early onset emphysema. Clinical studies have implied that, among the biomarkers associated with emphysema, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is of particular importance. Increased plasma MMP-9 levels are proposed to predict the decline of lung function as well as greater COPD exacerbations in A1AT deficiency-associated emphysema. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of A1AT therapy (Prolastin) on plasma MMP-9 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. In total 34 PiZZ emphysema patients were recruited: 12 patients without and 22 with weekly intravenous (60 mg/kg body weight) A1AT therapy. The quantitative analysis of A1AT, MMP-9 and MPO was performed in serum and in supernatants of blood neutrophils isolated from patients before and after therapy. Patients with Prolastin therapy showed significantly lower serum MMP-9 and MPO levels than those without therapy. However, parallel analysis revealed that a rapid infusion of Prolastin is accompanied by a transient elevation of plasma MMP-9 and MPO levels. Experiments with freshly isolated blood neutrophils confirmed that therapy with Prolastin causes transient MMP-9 and MPO release. Prolastin induced the rapid release of MMP-9 and MPO when added directly to neutrophil cultures and this reaction was associated with the presence of IgA in A1AT preparation. Our data support the conclusion that changes in plasma levels of MMP-9 and MPO mirror the effect of Prolastin on blood neutrophils.
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Balduyck M, Odou MF, Zerimech F, Porchet N, Lafitte JJ, Maitre B. Diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: modalities, indications and diagnosis strategy. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 31:729-45. [PMID: 25391508 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1-AT) deficiency is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, which predisposes affected patients to development of pulmonary emphysema or liver cirrhosis. Despite the guidelines from the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society about α1-AT deficiency screening, it remains significantly under recognized. So, it seems necessary to propose an efficient and suitable biological approach to improve diagnosis and management of α1-AT deficiency. α1-AT is a 52 kDa glycoprotein predominantly produced in the liver and its physiological serum concentration for adults ranges from 0.9 to 2.0g/L (17-39 μmol/L). It is encoded by the SERPINA1 gene, which is highly pleomorphic, and to date, more than 100 alleles have been identified. α1-AT testing would initially involve quantification of serum α1-AT concentration with possible complementary measurement of the elastase inhibitory capacity of serum. If the serum α1-AT concentration is reduced below the reference value, two strategies for laboratory testing can be used: (i) serum α1-AT phenotyping by isoelectric focusing which allows identification of the most common variant designated as the PI M variant but also of various deficient variants besides the predominant PI S and PI Z ones; (ii) genotyping by allele-specific PCR methods which allows only identification of the deficient PI S and PI Z alleles. Identification of the null alleles or of other rare deficient alleles can be performed by direct sequencing of the whole SERPINA1 gene as a reflex test.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Balduyck
- Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire (HMNO), centre de biologie pathologie, CHRU de Lille, boulevard du Pr.-J.-Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire, faculté de pharmacie, université de Lille 2, 59006 Lille, France.
| | - M-F Odou
- Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire (HMNO), centre de biologie pathologie, CHRU de Lille, boulevard du Pr.-J.-Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Laboratoire de bactériologie virologie, faculté de pharmacie, université de Lille 2, 59006 Lille, France
| | - F Zerimech
- Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire (HMNO), centre de biologie pathologie, CHRU de Lille, boulevard du Pr.-J.-Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - N Porchet
- Laboratoire de biochimie et biologie moléculaire (HMNO), centre de biologie pathologie, CHRU de Lille, boulevard du Pr.-J.-Leclercq, 59037 Lille cedex, France; Inserm, U837, centre de recherche Jean-Pierre-Aubert, 59045 Lille, France
| | - J-J Lafitte
- Service de pneumologie et oncologie thoracique, hôpital A.-Calmette, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - B Maitre
- Unité de pneumologie, réanimation médicale, groupe hospitalier Mondor, IMRB U955, équipe 8, université Paris Est, 94010 Créteil, France
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WITHDRAWN: Diagnostic du déficit en alpha-1-antitrypsine : les moyens, les indications et la stratégie diagnostique. Rev Mal Respir 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Koc G, Akgul K, Yilmaz Y, Dirik A, Un S. The effects of cigarette smoking on prostate-specific antigen in two different age groups. Can Urol Assoc J 2013; 7:E704-7. [PMID: 24282461 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigate the effects of cigarette smoking on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) using 2 different age groups. METHODS The study was carried out between January 2007 and October 2011 with men; the 2 sets of age groups were: 25 to 35 years and 50 to 70 years old. The participants were divided into 4 groups. Of the 25 to 35 age range, smokers were Group 1, and non-smokers were Group 2; of the 50 to 70 age range, smokers were Group 3 and non-smokers Group 4. In addition, for the 50 to 70 age group, the International Prostate Symptom Score was completed, digital rectal examination was performed, and transabdominal prostate volume was measured. We wanted to see whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels showed a difference between the 2 age groups. RESULTS There were 114 patients in Group 1, 82 in Group 2, 90 in Group 3, and 102 in Group 4. The mean PSA level was 0.7 ± 0.28 ng/mL for Group 1, and 0.6 ± 0.27 ng/mL for Group 2 (p = 0.27), and there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. The mean PSA was 2.5 ± 1.8 ng/mL for Group 3, and 2.1 ± 2.0 ng/mL (p = 0.59) for Group 4, and there was no statistically significant difference between the these 2 age groups. INTERPRETATION Cigarette smoking effects various hormone levels. Different from previous studies, the PSA level was higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers, although it was not statistically significant. Our study is limited by the small numbers in our study groups and the lack of PSA velocity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Koc
- Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital Urology Department, Yenisehir, Izmir, Turkey
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Hoàng TH, Phạm TN, Nguyễn GK, Lê QH. A rare variant of α 1 antitrypsin mutations detected in Vietnamese children with liver disease. Ann Clin Biochem 2013; 50:339-44. [PMID: 23766346 DOI: 10.1177/0004563212473443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is the major plasma serine protease inhibitor that is produced in liver cells. A1AT deficiency is recognized globally as a common genetic cause of liver disease in children, which results from mutations in the SERine Protease INhibitor A1 (SERPINA1) gene. The importance of A1AT deficiency in Viet Nam is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the A1AT variants present in paediatric patients with liver diseases in order to clarify whether A1AT deficiency is present in Viet Nam. METHODS A1AT studies were carried out in 130 children with liver disease of indeterminate aetiology. A1AT levels were determined by immunoturbidimetry. Phenotype analysis of A1AT was performed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in all patients. Genotype analyses to determine A1AT mutations were performed by direct sequencing. RESULTS We identified a rare variant of A1AT named Zbristol. The Zbristol appeared to be deficient in the plasma to about the same degree as the PI S protein resulting in low concentration of A1AT in one of these two Vietnamese patients. No other deficient A1AT allele was detected, although 11 patients (8.5%) showed a reduced serum concentration of A1AT. CONCLUSIONS These are the first two cases of a rare A1AT deficiency allele to be found in Viet Nam clearly inferring that A1AT deficiency is not just a disease of Caucasians. As such, the laboratory diagnosis of A1AT deficiency including A1AT concentration determination and phenotype and genotype testing should form part of the routine differential diagnosis of paediatric liver disease of indeterminate aetiology in Vietnamese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hà Hoàng
- Biochemistry Department, Saint Paul General Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
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Lusch A, Kaup M, Marx U, Tauber R, Blanchard V, Berger M. Development and analysis of alpha 1-antitrypsin neoglycoproteins: the impact of additional N-glycosylation sites on serum half-life. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2616-29. [PMID: 23668542 DOI: 10.1021/mp400043r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy of glycoproteins is affected by many factors, including molecular size and net charge; both are influenced by the presence and composition of glycan structures. Human alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT) was cloned and expressed in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) that are capable of mammalian glycosylation. Utilizing PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis, new A1AT variants were created with single, double, or triple additional N-glycosylation sites to the three naturally occurring N-glycosylation sites. Because of the supplementary N-glycans, the A1AT variants exhibited an increased molecular weight. Retention of inhibitory activity was shown via trypsin inhibitory assay. The A1AT variants were treated with PNGase F, and the resulting N-glycans were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The N-glycan profile of the recombinant A1AT variants was mostly composed of monofucosylated bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary complex-type N-glycans, with a tendency toward higher antennary structures compared to the wild-type. The relevance of N-glycosylation in A1AT for the circulatory serum half-life was demonstrated in CD1 mice. The A1AT neoglycoprotein with an additional N-glycosylation site at position N123 exhibited a 62% increase in serum half-life. Additionally, using a two-compartment model, the A1AT variants exhibited increased α-phase values, especially N123 (223%) and N201 (255%). The results suggest the recombinant A1AT neoglycoprotein as a serious alternative to A1AT derived from human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Lusch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
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Leßig J, Reibetanz U, Schönberg M, Neundorf I. Efficient inhibition of human leukocytic elastase by means of α1-antitrypsin/peptide complexes. Cytometry A 2013; 83:461-71. [PMID: 23529890 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
α1 -Antitrypsin (AT), a serine protease inhibitor that specifically targets hydrolytic enzymes, plays a significant role in the termination of tissue inflammation and can therefore represent a key factor in chronic incidences as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or chronic hepatitis. A local and low-dose therapy for the treatment of acquired chronic inflammatory processes which are characterized by insufficient AT amounts but also of genetically conditioned AT deficiencies is supposed to be more effective and less cost-intensive compared to current therapies. In this study, a noncovalent complex formation between the cell-penetrating peptide carrier hCT(18-32)-k7 and AT was performed. The complex was applied to HEK293T/17 cells, as proof-of-principle, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), which are responsible for tissue destruction and the perpetuation of inflammation in chronic processes. Both cell species show a successful uptake and subsequently both, an intracellular dot-shaped and homogeneous distribution of the complex demonstrating phagolysosomal as well as cytoplasmic availability. Furthermore, a decreased human leukocytic elastase (HLE) activity was observed after the direct complex administration to PMN. Since the application did not cause an enhanced vitality loss, the complex could facilitate an improvement in direct, local and low-dose treatment of chronically proceeding processes in order to attenuate protease-mediated tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Leßig
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Performance of enhanced liver fibrosis plasma markers in asymptomatic individuals with ZZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23:716-20. [PMID: 21617532 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e328347daaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common genetic cause of chronic liver disease. According to retrospective studies, up to 25% of those with homozygous ZZ (Glu 342 to Lys) AATD suffer from liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer in late adulthood. We hypothesized that the plasma markers for liver fibrosis, necrosis, and apoptosis may identify AATD individuals at higher risk for liver diseases. METHODS The study cohort included 52 clinically healthy ZZ AATD individuals of 34 years of age, identified in the Swedish neonatal screening of 1972-1974, and 81 age-matched controls with normal MM AAT variant. We analyzed plasma levels of the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) panel, including plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1, amino-terminal propeptide of type III collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA), and the M30 and M65 antigens, markers for apoptosis/necrosis. RESULTS Higher levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (52%, P<0.001), amino-terminal propeptide of type III collagen (12%, P<0.05), HA (17% not significant), and M65 (13.4%, P=0.043) were found in ZZ than in MM patients. In the ZZ group, plasma levels of AAT correlated with M65 (P<0.01) and with HA (P<0.05). On the basis of the ELF panel, M30 and M65, a logistic regression model enabled us to correctly classify 81.2% of the originally grouped ZZ and MM cases with a sensitivity of 73.1% and a specificity of 86.4%. CONCLUSION The ELF markers are associated with ZZ AATD at early adulthood, and can be considered as a useful tool to identify ZZ cases at an increased risk of developing liver diseases later in life.
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Misclassification of an apparent alpha 1-antitrypsin “Z” deficiency variant by melting analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1454-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Obeidat M, Wain LV, Shrine N, Kalsheker N, Artigas MS, Repapi E, Burton PR, Johnson T, Ramasamy A, Zhao JH, Zhai G, Huffman JE, Vitart V, Albrecht E, Igl W, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, Cadby G, Hui J, Palmer LJ, Hadley D, McArdle WL, Rudnicka AR, Barroso I, Loos RJF, Wareham NJ, Mangino M, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Gläser S, Homuth G, Völzke H, Deloukas P, Granell R, Henderson J, Grkovic I, Jankovic S, Zgaga L, Polašek O, Rudan I, Wright AF, Campbell H, Wild SH, Wilson JF, Heinrich J, Imboden M, Probst-Hensch NM, Gyllensten U, Johansson Å, Zaboli G, Mustelin L, Rantanen T, Surakka I, Kaprio J, Jarvelin MR, Hayward C, Evans DM, Koch B, Musk AW, Elliott P, Strachan DP, Tobin MD, Sayers I, Hall IP, Consortium S. A comprehensive evaluation of potential lung function associated genes in the SpiroMeta general population sample. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19382. [PMID: 21625484 PMCID: PMC3098839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Lung function measures are heritable traits that predict population morbidity and mortality and are essential for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Variations in many genes have been reported to affect these traits, but attempts at replication have provided conflicting results. Recently, we undertook a meta-analysis of Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) results for lung function measures in 20,288 individuals from the general population (the SpiroMeta consortium). OBJECTIVES To comprehensively analyse previously reported genetic associations with lung function measures, and to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genomic regions are associated with lung function in a large population sample. METHODS We analysed association for SNPs tagging 130 genes and 48 intergenic regions (+/-10 kb), after conducting a systematic review of the literature in the PubMed database for genetic association studies reporting lung function associations. RESULTS The analysis included 16,936 genotyped and imputed SNPs. No loci showed overall significant association for FEV(1) or FEV(1)/FVC traits using a carefully defined significance threshold of 1.3×10(-5). The most significant loci associated with FEV(1) include SNPs tagging MACROD2 (P = 6.81×10(-5)), CNTN5 (P = 4.37×10(-4)), and TRPV4 (P = 1.58×10(-3)). Among ever-smokers, SERPINA1 showed the most significant association with FEV(1) (P = 8.41×10(-5)), followed by PDE4D (P = 1.22×10(-4)). The strongest association with FEV(1)/FVC ratio was observed with ABCC1 (P = 4.38×10(-4)), and ESR1 (P = 5.42×10(-4)) among ever-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms spanning previously associated lung function genes did not show strong evidence for association with lung function measures in the SpiroMeta consortium population. Common SERPINA1 polymorphisms may affect FEV(1) among smokers in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma'en Obeidat
- Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Louise V. Wain
- Departments of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Shrine
- Departments of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Noor Kalsheker
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences and Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Soler Artigas
- Departments of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanouela Repapi
- Departments of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Burton
- Departments of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guangju Zhai
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wilmar Igl
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Life Course and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Gemma Cadby
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennie Hui
- Molecular Genetics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Schools of Population Health and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Hadley
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Pediatric Epidemiology Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Wendy L. McArdle
- ALSPAC Laboratory, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja R. Rudnicka
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Labs, Institute of Metabolic Science Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Granell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John Henderson
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ivica Grkovic
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, The University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jankovic
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, The University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Igor Rudan
- Croatian Centre for Global Health, The University of Split Medical School, Split, Croatia
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah H. Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - James F. Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicole M. Probst-Hensch
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Johansson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ghazal Zaboli
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Mustelin
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Department of Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Centre, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Course and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Evans
- MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Beate Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Arthur William Musk
- Busselton Population Medical Research Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Schools of Population Health and Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Strachan
- Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin D. Tobin
- Departments of Health Sciences and Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sayers
- Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P. Hall
- Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Division of Therapeutics and Molecular Medicine, University Hospital of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Abboud RT, Nelson TN, Jung B, Mattman A. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: a clinical-genetic overview. Appl Clin Genet 2011; 4:55-65. [PMID: 23776367 PMCID: PMC3681178 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is an inherited disorder, leading to development of emphysema in smokers at a relatively young age with disability in their forties or fifties. The emphysema results from excessive elastin degradation by neutrophil elastase as a result of the severe deficiency of its major inhibitor α1-antitrypsin (AAT). The AAT expression is determined by the SERPINA1 gene which expresses codominant alleles. The three most common alleles are the normal M, the S with plasma levels of 60% of normal, and the severely deficient Z with levels of about 15% of normal. Homozygosity for the Z mutant allele is associated with retention of abnormal AAT in the liver, which may lead to neonatal hepatitis, liver disease in children, and liver disease in adults. Regular intravenous infusions of purified human AAT (AAT augmentation therapy) have been used to partially correct the biochemical defect and protect the lung against further injury. Two randomized controlled trials showed a trend of slower progression of emphysema by chest computerized tomography. Integrated analysis of these two studies indicated significantly slower progression of emphysema. AAT is quantified by immunologic measurement of AAT in serum, the phenotype characterized by isoelectric focusing, the common genotypes by targeted DNA analysis, and by sequencing the coding region of the gene when the AAT abnormality remains undefined. AATD is often unrecognized, and diagnosis delayed. Testing for AATD is recommended in patients with chronic irreversible airflow obstruction, especially in those with early onset of disease or positive family history. Testing is also recommended for immediate family members of those with AATD, asthmatics with persistent airflow obstruction, and infants and older subjects with unexplained liver disease. There are over 100 different AAT gene variants; most are rare and only some are associated with clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja T Abboud
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Division, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tanya N Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Jung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andre Mattman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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23
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Janciauskiene SM, Bals R, Koczulla R, Vogelmeier C, Köhnlein T, Welte T. The discovery of α1-antitrypsin and its role in health and disease. Respir Med 2011; 105:1129-39. [PMID: 21367592 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
α1-Antitrypsin (AAT) is the archetype member of the serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN) supergene family. The AAT deficiency is most often associated with the Z mutation, which results in abnormal Z AAT folding in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes during biogenesis. This causes intra-cellular retention of the AAT protein rather than efficient secretion with consequent deficiency of circulating AAT. The reduced serum levels of AAT contribute to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the accumulation of abnormally folded AAT protein increases risk for liver diseases. In this review we show that with the discovery of AAT deficiency in the early 60s as a genetically determined predisposition to the development of early-onset emphysema, intensive investigations of enzymatic mechanisms that produce lung destruction in COPD were pursued. To date, the role of AAT in other than lung and liver diseases has not been extensively examined. Current findings provide new evidence that, in addition to protease inhibition, AAT expresses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties, and highlight the importance of this protein in health and diseases. In this review co-occurrence of several diseases with AAT deficiency is discussed.
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24
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Siekmeier R. Lung deposition of inhaled alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) - problems and experience of alpha1-PI inhalation therapy in patients with hereditary alpha1-PI deficiency and cystic fibrosis. Eur J Med Res 2010; 15 Suppl 2:164-74. [PMID: 21147646 PMCID: PMC4360286 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-15-s2-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) is the most relevant protease inhibitor in the lung. Patients with hereditary deficiency of α1-PI suffer from an impaired hepatic synthesis of α1-PI in the liver and in consequence an insufficient concentration of the protease inhibitor in the lung followed by development of lung emphysema due to an impaired protease antiprotease balance and a local relative excess of neutrophil elastase (NE). In contrast, patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are characterised by a normal synthesis of α1-PI and a severe pulmonary inflammation with a strong excess of NE in the lung followed by progressive loss of lung function. In principle, both patient groups may benefit from an augmentation of α1-PI. Intravenous augmentation, which is established in patients with α1-PI deficiency only, is very expensive, subject to controversial discussions and only about 2% of the administered protein reaches lung interstitium. Inhalation of α1-PI may serve as an alternative to administer high α1-PI doses into the lungs of both patient groups to restore the impaired protease antiprotease balance and to diminish the detrimental effects of NE. However, prerequisites of this therapy are the reproducible administration of sufficient doses of active α1-PI into the lung without adverse effects. In our review we describe the results of studies investigating the inhalation of α1-PI in patients with α1-PI deficiency and CF. The data demonstrate the feasibility of α1-PI inhalation for restoration of the impaired protease antiprotease balance, attenuation of the inflammation and neutralisation of the excess activity of NE. Likely, inhalation of α1-PI serves as cheaper and more convenient therapy than intravenous augmentation. However, inhalation will be further optimised by use of novel nebulisers and optimised breathing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Siekmeier
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany.
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25
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Abstract
Recent publications on hepatology and hepatic pathology provide a wealth of new information on wideranging topics. Morphologic aspects of liver disease associated with hepatitis B and C viruses, autoimmune hepatitis, and HIV infection were addressed, as was the prevalent problem of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Advances in diagnosis and pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and the increasingly complex spectrum of IgG4 hepatobiliary diseases were also reported. The histologic and immunohistochemical features of the rare "calcifying nested stromal-epithelial tumor" of the liver were described in a 9-case series. For benign and malignant liver tumors, immunohistochemistry plays a major diagnostic role, and several recent studies demonstrate the value of immunostains in distinguishing between liver-cell adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay H Lefkowitch
- Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street-PH 15 West, Room 1574, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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26
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Kok KF, Willems HL, Drenth JPH. The cut-off value of 100 mg/dl is insufficient to detect heterozygous alpha-1 antitrypsin-deficient liver disease patients. Liver Int 2010; 30:491-2. [PMID: 19968780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02179.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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