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Marzbani C, Bhimaraj A. Corticosteroids in Immunosuppression. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 272:73-84. [PMID: 35156139 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids have been utilized as mainstay pharmacological intervention for successful organ transplantation since the beginning. Several challenges exist in establishing a balance between achieving a tolerant atmosphere in the host immune system while minimizing the long-term impact of steroids on the body. Corticosteroids are used early in all solid organ transplantation but there is wide variability across various organs and centers in the duration of use and protocols of planned steroid wean. The adverse event profile of steroids is exhaustive and across many organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Marzbani
- Department of Cardiology, Section of Advanced Heart Failure, Mechanical Support Devices and Cardiac Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arvind Bhimaraj
- Department of Cardiology, Section of Advanced Heart Failure, Mechanical Support Devices and Cardiac Transplantation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Hundakova A, Leva L, Toman M, Knotek Z. A ferret model of immunosuppression induced with dexamethasone. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 243:110362. [PMID: 34826685 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrets are nowadays frequently used as animal models for biomedical purposes; in many cases, immunosuppression of experimental animals is necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intramuscular dexamethasone administration (2 mg/kg as the initiation dose continued with 1 mg/kg q 12 h applied 5 times) on ferret's immune system. In comparison with ferrets which received the saline (n = 5), significantly lower total counts of leukocytes (P < 0.01), lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and monocyte (P < 0.05), as well as absolute numbers of CD4+CD8- (P < 0.01) and CD4-CD8+ (P < 0.01) subsets were noted in dexamethasone treated ferrets (n = 5) the first day after the treatment (D1). Absolute number of CD79+ lymphocytes remained unchanged throughout the experiment. The proliferation activity of lymphocytes in dexamethasone treated ferrets was lower only in D1 using concanavalin A (conA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM); statistical significance was noted using PHA 40 (P < 0.05) and PWM 10 (P < 0.01). Lower neutrophil activity (P < 0.01) was detected in D1 after the dexamethasone treatment in both production of reactive oxygen species (chemiluminescence test) and ingestion of particles (phagocytosis assay). The dexamethasone treatment proved to be useful for short-term immunosuppression in ferrets. The results closely resembled data previously reported in human studies and indicate classification of ferrets as steroid-resistant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hundakova
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Leva
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Toman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Knotek
- Avian and Exotic Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho trida 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
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Derungs T, Leo F, Loddenkemper C, Schneider T. Treatment of disseminated nocardiosis: a host-pathogen approach with adjuvant interferon gamma. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 21:e334-e340. [PMID: 34425068 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated nocardiosis is a rare, life-threatening disease. Particularly at risk are immunocompromised patients, highlighting the crucial role of host factors. Conventional intensive antibiotic treatment has improved survival rates, but the overall prognosis of patients with disseminated nocardiosis remains unsatisfactory. In this Grand Round, we present a case of severe nocardiosis that did not respond to standard therapy. The patient's condition deteriorated when antibiotic therapy was given alone and improved substantially only after coadministration of interferon gamma. We review the literature relevant to adjuvant interferon gamma therapy of nocardiosis and discuss its potential harms and benefits. Overall, we consider such treatment as beneficial and low risk if the patient is followed-up closely. We conclude that clinicians should consider this regimen in refractory cases of severe Nocardia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Derungs
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Fabian Leo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Evangelische Lungenklinik, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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4
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Cortés-Vieyra R, Gutiérrez-Castellanos S, Álvarez-Aguilar C, Baizabal-Aguirre VM, Nuñez-Anita RE, Rocha-López AG, Gómez-García A. Behavior of Eosinophil Counts in Recovered and Deceased COVID-19 Patients over the Course of the Disease. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091675. [PMID: 34578258 PMCID: PMC8473128 DOI: 10.3390/v13091675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, particularly regarding the function of eosinophils, has been steadily emerging recently. There exists controversy regarding the implications of eosinophils in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)’s pathology. We report a retrospective cohort study including the comparison of leukocyte counts in COVID-19 patients, considering the outcomes of recovery (n = 59) and death (n = 60). Among the different types of leukocytes, the eosinophil counts were those that showed the greatest difference between recovered and deceased patients. Eosinopenia (eosinophil count < 0.01 × 109/L) was more frequently observed in deceased than recovered patients (p = 0.0012). The eosinophil counts more rapidly increased and showed a greater proportion over the course of the disease in the recovered than deceased patients. Furthermore, the estimated survival rate was greater in patients without eosinopenia than in patients with eosinopenia (p = 0.0070) during hospitalization. Importantly, recovered but not deceased patients showed high negative correlations of the eosinophils with the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and neutrophil counts at Day 9 of the onset of clinical symptoms (p ≤ 0.0220). Our analysis suggests that eosinopenia may be associated with unfavorable disease outcomes and that the eosinophils have a beneficial function in COVID-19 patients, probably contributing by controlling the exacerbated inflammation induced by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Cortés-Vieyra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, División de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Morelia 58341, Michoacán, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (R.C.-V.); (A.G.-G.); Tel.: +44-3-3222-600 (ext. 31015) (R.C.-V); +44-3-3222-600 (ext. 31004) (A.G.-G.)
| | - Sergio Gutiérrez-Castellanos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, División de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Morelia 58341, Michoacán, Mexico;
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico; (C.Á.-A.); (A.G.R.-L.)
| | - Cleto Álvarez-Aguilar
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico; (C.Á.-A.); (A.G.R.-L.)
- Coordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en Salud, IMSS, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Baizabal-Aguirre
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UMSNH, Morelia 58890, Michoacán, Mexico; (V.M.B.-A.); (R.E.N.-A.)
| | - Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UMSNH, Morelia 58890, Michoacán, Mexico; (V.M.B.-A.); (R.E.N.-A.)
| | - Angélica Georgina Rocha-López
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo (UMSNH), Morelia 58020, Michoacán, Mexico; (C.Á.-A.); (A.G.R.-L.)
| | - Anel Gómez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, División de Investigación Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Morelia 58341, Michoacán, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (R.C.-V.); (A.G.-G.); Tel.: +44-3-3222-600 (ext. 31015) (R.C.-V); +44-3-3222-600 (ext. 31004) (A.G.-G.)
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5
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Neural stem cells secreting bispecific T cell engager to induce selective antiglioma activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015800118. [PMID: 33627401 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. No treatment provides durable relief for the vast majority of GBM patients. In this study, we've tested a bispecific antibody comprised of single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against T cell CD3ε and GBM cell interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL13Rα2). We demonstrate that this bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) (BiTELLON) engages peripheral and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes harvested from patients' tumors and, in so doing, exerts anti-GBM activity ex vivo. The interaction of BiTELLON with T cells and IL13Rα2-expressing GBM cells stimulates T cell proliferation and the production of proinflammatory cytokines interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). We have modified neural stem cells (NSCs) to produce and secrete the BiTELLON (NSCLLON). When injected intracranially in mice with a brain tumor, NSCLLON show tropism for tumor, secrete BiTELLON, and remain viable for over 7 d. When injected directly into the tumor, NSCLLON provide a significant survival benefit to mice bearing various IL13Rα2+ GBMs. Our results support further investigation and development of this therapeutic for clinical translation.
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Maleki A, Maldonado Cerda A, Garcia CM, Zein M, Manhapra A, Foster CS. Chlorambucil combination therapy in refractory serpiginous choroiditis: A cure? Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2021; 21:101014. [PMID: 33615036 PMCID: PMC7881218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2021.101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To find a remedy for serpiginous choroiditis refractory to oral prednisone and chlorambucil treatment. Observations Eight eyes of four patients (all female) with advanced macular involvement secondary to serpiginous choroiditis were included in the study. The average age of the patients was 45.2 years. One eye of each patient was legally blind and the lesion was close to the fovea in the other eye. All four patients failed oral prednisone and chlorambucil therapy. However, case 1 responded to chlorambucil treatment after intravitreal dexamethasone implant implantation and discontinuation of oral prednisone. Case 2 responded to chlorambucil therapy when oral prednisone was stopped in combination with infliximab therapy. Due to long follow-up period of more than four years, these two cases are considered to be cured. Case 3 and case 4 were not able to achieve remission with chlorambucil and immunomodulatory therapy. They refused intravitreal steroid implant due to side effects profile. Conclusions and importance The stability of WBC counts within toxic levels close to normal or lower limits of normal (3000–4500 cells/μl) during treatment with chlorambucil is an essential factor for the success of this therapy. A combination of dexamethasone intravitreal implant with chlorambucil therapy can be an effective and promising regimen in inducing and maintaining remission in refractory serpiginous choroiditis patients who fail a combination of systemic corticosteroid and chlorambucil therapy. Serpiginous choroiditis may be recurrent or refractory to chlorambucil in conjunction with systemic corticosteroids. The stability of WBC counts within lower limits of normal is an essential factor for the success of chlorambucil therapy. This can be achieved with dexamethasone intravitreal implant or systemic immunomodulatory without systemic corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Maleki
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, MA, United States
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Anapatricia Maldonado Cerda
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, MA, United States
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Cristina M. Garcia
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, MA, United States
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Mike Zein
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, MA, United States
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Ambika Manhapra
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, MA, United States
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - C. Stephen Foster
- Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, MA, United States
- The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Boston, MA, United States
- Corresponding author. Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, 1440 Main St. Ste. 201, Waltham, MA, USA.
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7
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Coelho CA, Bordelo JP, Camassa JA, Barros VA, Babo PS, Gomes ME, Reis RL, Azevedo JTDE, Requicha JF, FaÍsca P, Carvalho PP, Viegas CA, Dias IR. Evaluation of hematology, general serum biochemistry, bone turnover markers and bone marrow cytology in a glucocorticoid treated ovariectomized sheep model for osteoporosis research. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200435. [PMID: 33295580 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by a loss of bone mass and structure and increasing the risk of fragility fractures, mostly among postmenopausal women. Sheep is a recognized large animal model for osteoporosis research. An experimental group of ewes (3-4 years old) was subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) and weekly glucocorticoid (GC) application for 24 weeks and compared with a sham control group. Blood and bone marrow parameters were analyzed before and 24 weeks after OVX and GC administration. Osteopenia was confirmed through micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis of L4 vertebra in the study end. A statistically significant increase was observed in mean corpuscular volume, mean cell hemoglobin and monocytes and a decrease in red blood count and eosinophils (p<0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, magnesium and α1-globulin increased, and creatinine, albumin, sodium and estradiol decreased (p<0.05). A slight decrease of bone formation markers (bone ALP and osteocalcin) and an increase of bone resorption markers (C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type 1 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) were observed, but without statistical significance. This study aims to contribute to better knowledge of sheep as a model for osteoporosis research and the consequences that a performed induction protocol may impose on organic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A Coelho
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), University Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande, 376 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - JoÃo P Bordelo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - JosÉ A Camassa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vera A Barros
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Babo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Gomes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Jorge T DE Azevedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, ECAV, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - JoÃo F Requicha
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Centre for Animal Sciences and Veterinary Studies, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro FaÍsca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FMV), University Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande, 376 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal.,Research Center in Biosciences and Health Technologies, FMV, ULHT, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro P Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University School Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, Lordemão, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, EUVG, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Viegas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel R Dias
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Larsen MK, Kofod T, Duch K, Starch-Jensen T. Short-term Haematological Parameters Following Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molars with Different Doses of Methylprednisolone Compared with Placebo. A Randomized Controlled Trial. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2020; 11:e3. [PMID: 32760476 PMCID: PMC7393928 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2020.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the influence of a single intraoperative injection of methylprednisolone on short-term haematological parameters following surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Material and Methods Fifty-two patients with indications for surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars were included in a randomized, split-mouth and double-blinded study design. Each molar were randomly allocated into one of following four groups: 20 mg methylprednisolone, 30 mg methylprednisolone, 40 mg methylprednisolone and placebo. Peripheral blood samples were obtained before and three days after surgery. Haematological parameters involving haemoglobin, white blood cell count and C-reactive protein (CRP) were evaluated and expressed as mean changes. Level of significance was 0.05. Furthermore, outcomes were correlated for age, sex, smoking and time of surgery. Results There were no significant differences in postoperative haematological parameters with different doses of methylprednisolone compared with placebo. Peripheral blood samples revealed decreased level of haemoglobin and increased level of leucocytes and CRP in each group. Smokers displayed a significant lower level of haemoglobin and CRP compared with non-smokers (P < 0.05) and level of eosinophils decreased significantly with increasing age (P < 0.05). Conclusions This study indicates that a single intraoperative injection of methylprednisolone seems not to cause suppression of short-term haematological parameters compared with placebo following surgical removal of mandibular third molars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kofod
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalDenmark
| | - Kirsten Duch
- Clinical unit of Biostatistics, Aalborg University Hospital, AalborgDenmark
| | - Thomas Starch-Jensen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aalborg University HospitalDenmark
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10
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The role of immunotherapy in in vitro fertilization: a guideline. Fertil Steril 2019; 110:387-400. [PMID: 30098685 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvant immunotherapy treatments in in vitro fertilization (IVF) aim to improve the outcome of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in both the general ART population as well as subgroups such as patients with recurrent miscarriage or implantation failure. The purpose of this guideline is to evaluate the role of immunomodulating therapy in ART. Unfortunately, many of the evaluated therapies lack robust evidence from well-designed adequately powered randomized controlled trials to support their use. Immunotherapies reviewed in the present document are either not associated with improved live-birth outcome in IVF or have been insufficiently studied to make definitive recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
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- American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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11
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Woliansky J, Phyland D, Paddle P. Systemic safety of serial intralesional steroid injection for subglottic stenosis. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:1634-1639. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Woliansky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Monash Health; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Debra Phyland
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Monash Health; Clayton Victoria Australia
| | - Paul Paddle
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Monash Health; Clayton Victoria Australia
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12
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Vidal PM, Ulndreaj A, Badner A, Hong J, Fehlings MG. Methylprednisolone treatment enhances early recovery following surgical decompression for degenerative cervical myelopathy without compromise to the systemic immune system. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:222. [PMID: 30081922 PMCID: PMC6080373 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is caused by degenerative or congenital changes to the discs and soft tissues of the cervical spine, which leads to chronic compression of the spinal cord. The current treatment for moderate to severe DCM consists of surgical decompression, which, while effective in most cases, can result in neuroinflammation and spinal cord reperfusion injury, leading to perioperative neurological complications and suboptimal neurological recovery. The primary objective of this study was to assess, in a translationally relevant animal model of DCM, the efficacy of perioperative methylprednisolone (MP) in enhancing neurological recovery and to evaluate its effect on the inflammatory response following decompression. Methods DCM was induced in C57BL/6 mice. Briefly, an aromatic polyether material was implanted underneath the C5-C6 laminae to cause progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord due to focal ossification. Decompressive surgery was undertaken at 12 weeks post initial biomaterial implantation. Animals received one dose of MP (30 mg/kg) or vehicle 30 min before decompression and at 2 weeks after decompression. Acute analysis of secreted cytokines and spinal cord microvasculature was complemented with immunohistochemistry for glial and neuronal cell markers. Locomotor outcomes were measured using the CatWalk system. The composition of circulating white blood cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results A single dose of MP before decompression significantly sped locomotor recovery (*p < 0.05) and reduced the incidence of perioperative motor complications, without affecting the composition of circulating white blood cells. Histological assessment of the spinal cord showed significant neuronal preservation and a modest reduction in parenchymal inflammation. Conclusions Our data suggest that MP reduces perioperative neurological complications following decompressive surgery for DCM by protecting neurons from inflammation, without compromising the composition of circulating immune cells. We propose that MP, which is commonly used for neurological disorders including spinal cord injury, be considered as a perioperative adjunct to decompressive surgery to attenuate neurological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antigona Ulndreaj
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Badner
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics & Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Head, Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Siristatidis C, Dafopoulos K, El-Khayat W, Salamalekis G, Anifandis G, Vrantza T, Elsadek M, Papantoniou N. Administration of prednisolone and low molecular weight heparin in patients with repeated implantation failures: a cohort study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2018; 34:136-139. [PMID: 28949261 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2017.1380182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conflicting results exist for low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and prednisolone when tested as separate adjuncts for the improvement of the clinical outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failures (RIF) undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment. Through a cohort study, we evaluated the combined effect of both drugs on pregnancy parameters in 115 women with RIF. Clinical pregnancy rate was the primary end point while the sample size was calculated through the results of a pilot study. Clinical and IVF cycle characteristics were also compared between the groups. Baseline and cycle characteristics were comparable between groups. Biochemical and clinical pregnancy rates were similar in both groups [23/57 (40.4%) vs. 14/58 (24.1%), and 17/57 (29.8%) vs. 11/58 (19%), p = .063, and .175, respectively]. Similarly, miscarriage rates were comparable between the groups (35.7% vs. 34.8%), as well as live birth rates [15/57 (26.3%) vs. 9/58 (15.5%), p = .154]. In conclusion, the administration of LMWH with prednizolone in subfertile women with RIF seems not to improve clinical pregnancy rates, but a full-scaled RCT would definitely be more accurate.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anticoagulants/adverse effects
- Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
- Cohort Studies
- Combined Modality Therapy/adverse effects
- Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects
- Egypt/epidemiology
- Family Characteristics
- Female
- Fertility Agents, Female/adverse effects
- Fertility Agents, Female/therapeutic use
- Fertilization in Vitro
- Glucocorticoids/adverse effects
- Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/adverse effects
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/therapeutic use
- Hospitals, University
- Humans
- Infertility, Female/drug therapy
- Infertility, Female/therapy
- Infertility, Male
- Intention to Treat Analysis
- Male
- Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
- Ovulation Induction/adverse effects
- Prednisolone/adverse effects
- Prednisolone/therapeutic use
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Rate
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalampos Siristatidis
- a Assisted Reproduction Unit, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , "Attikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dafopoulos
- b Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Larissa , Greece
| | - Waleed El-Khayat
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Egypt
- d Middle East Fertility Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - George Salamalekis
- a Assisted Reproduction Unit, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , "Attikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - George Anifandis
- b Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Thessaly, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine , Larissa , Greece
| | - Tereza Vrantza
- a Assisted Reproduction Unit, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , "Attikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Mostafa Elsadek
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University , Egypt
- d Middle East Fertility Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Nikolaos Papantoniou
- a Assisted Reproduction Unit, Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , "Attikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
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14
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Jayne DRW, Bruchfeld AN, Harper L, Schaier M, Venning MC, Hamilton P, Burst V, Grundmann F, Jadoul M, Szombati I, Tesař V, Segelmark M, Potarca A, Schall TJ, Bekker P. Randomized Trial of C5a Receptor Inhibitor Avacopan in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2756-2767. [PMID: 28400446 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative C activation is involved in the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis. However, glucocorticoids used as treatment contribute to the morbidity and mortality of vasculitis. We determined whether avacopan (CCX168), an orally administered, selective C5a receptor inhibitor, could replace oral glucocorticoids without compromising efficacy. In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, adults with newly diagnosed or relapsing vasculitis received placebo plus prednisone starting at 60 mg daily (control group), avacopan (30 mg, twice daily) plus reduced-dose prednisone (20 mg daily), or avacopan (30 mg, twice daily) without prednisone. All patients received cyclophosphamide or rituximab. The primary efficacy measure was the proportion of patients achieving a ≥50% reduction in Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score by week 12 and no worsening in any body system. We enrolled 67 patients, 23 in the control and 22 in each of the avacopan groups. Clinical response at week 12 was achieved in 14 of 20 (70.0%) control patients, 19 of 22 (86.4%) patients in the avacopan plus reduced-dose prednisone group (difference from control 16.4%; two-sided 90% confidence limit, -4.3% to 37.1%; P=0.002 for noninferiority), and 17 of 21 (81.0%) patients in the avacopan without prednisone group (difference from control 11.0%; two-sided 90% confidence limit, -11.0% to 32.9%; P=0.01 for noninferiority). Adverse events occurred in 21 of 23 (91%) control patients, 19 of 22 (86%) patients in the avacopan plus reduced-dose prednisone group, and 21 of 22 (96%) patients in the avacopan without prednisone group. In conclusion, C5a receptor inhibition with avacopan was effective in replacing high-dose glucocorticoids in treating vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R W Jayne
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
| | - Annette N Bruchfeld
- Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorraine Harper
- Department of Nephrology, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael C Venning
- Department of Renal Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Hamilton
- Department of Renal Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Burst
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Diabetology and General Internal Medicine, Uniklinik Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Grundmann
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Diabetology and General Internal Medicine, Uniklinik Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michel Jadoul
- Service de Nephrologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Vladimír Tesař
- Department of Nephrology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mårten Segelmark
- Department of Nephrology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; and
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15
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Yan C, Yang Q, Gong Z. Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Macrophages Promote Gender Disparity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1395-1407. [PMID: 28202512 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs more frequently and aggressively in men than women, but the mechanistic basis of this gender disparity is obscure. Chronic inflammation is a major etiologic factor in HCC, so we investigated the role of cortisol in gender discrepancy in a zebrafish model of HCC. Inducible expression of oncogenic KrasV12 in hepatocytes of transgenic zebrafish resulted in accelerated liver tumor progression in males. These tumors were more heavily infiltrated with tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) versus females, and they both showed protumor gene expression and promoted tumor progression. Interestingly, the adrenal hormone cortisol was predominantly produced in males to induce Tgfb1 expression, which functioned as an attractant for TAN and TAM. Inhibition of cortisol signaling in males, or increase of cortisol level in females, decreased or increased the numbers of TAN and TAM, respectively, accompanied by corresponding changes in protumor molecular expression. Higher levels of cortisol, TGFB1, and TAN/TAM infiltration in males were also confirmed in human pre-HCC and HCC samples, features that positively correlated in human patients. These results identify increased cortisol production and TAN/TAM infiltration as primary factors in the gender disparity of HCC development in both fish and human. Cancer Res; 77(6); 1395-407. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Bromberg L, Roufosse F, Pradier O, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, De Maertelaer V, Cogan E. Methylprednisolone-Induced Lymphocytosis in Patients with Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disorders. Am J Med 2016; 129:746-752.e3. [PMID: 26968468 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient acute reversible lymphopenia occurring within hours after glucocorticoid administration is a well-known phenomenon. The objective of this study was to establish the impact of chronic methylprednisolone (mPDN) administration on lymphocyte counts in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. METHODS The charts of 44 women and 17 men (median age, 59 years) with several immune-mediated inflammatory disorders receiving oral mPDN for at least 4 months were reviewed. Morning lymphocyte counts measured during treatment (LP) were compared with pretreatment values (LA). In addition, the acute effect of mPDN on lymphocyte counts was evaluated in 43 of these patients by quantifying lymphocyte subpopulations before and 8 hours after mPDN administration. Values are expressed as median with 25%-75% interquartile range. RESULTS The initial daily oral mPDN dose was 28 mg (12-32 mg). An increase in morning lymphocyte counts was detected 13 days (8.5-16 days) after initiation of mPDN treatment (LP: 2130/μL vs LA: 1650/μL; P = .0121) and persisted over time. Morning lymphocytosis (LP ≥4000/μL) was observed in 15 patients, including 7 with hyperlymphocytosis (LP ≥5000/μL). The increase in morning lymphocyte counts during treatment was most marked for CD4 T cells. In the subset of patients who agreed to a second blood test after mPDN absorption, a 49% decrease in the lymphocyte count (P <.0001) was transiently observed at the 8-hour time point. CONCLUSIONS A significant increase of the morning lymphocyte count is frequently observed in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disorders chronically treated with oral mPDN. Heightened awareness that the timing of blood sampling in corticosteroid-treated patients affects lymphocyte counts, with possible hyperlymphocytosis before absorption, should help avoid unnecessary investigations and worry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bromberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Pradier
- Department of Clinical Biology, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Delporte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique et Plateforme Analytique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique et Plateforme Analytique, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviane De Maertelaer
- Service de Biostatistique et Informatique Médicale, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elie Cogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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The glucocorticoid receptor 1A3 promoter correlates with high sensitivity to glucocorticoid‐induced apoptosis in human lymphocytes. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:825-36. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Schweingruber N, Fischer HJ, Fischer L, van den Brandt J, Karabinskaya A, Labi V, Villunger A, Kretzschmar B, Huppke P, Simons M, Tuckermann JP, Flügel A, Lühder F, Reichardt HM. Chemokine-mediated redirection of T cells constitutes a critical mechanism of glucocorticoid therapy in autoimmune CNS responses. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:713-29. [PMID: 24488308 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the standard therapy for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) patients suffering from an acute relapse. One of the main mechanisms of GC action is held to be the induction of T cell apoptosis leading to reduced lymphocyte infiltration into the CNS, yet our analysis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in three different strains of genetically manipulated mice has revealed that the induction of T cell apoptosis is not essential for the therapeutic efficacy of GCs. Instead, we identified the redirection of T cell migration in response to chemokines as a new therapeutic principle of GC action. GCs inhibited the migration of T cells towards CCL19 while they enhanced their responsiveness towards CXCL12. Importantly, blocking CXCR4 signaling in vivo by applying Plerixafor(®) strongly impaired the capacity of GCs to interfere with EAE, as revealed by an aggravated disease course, more pronounced CNS infiltration and a more dispersed distribution of the infiltrating T cells throughout the parenchyma. Our observation that T cells lacking the GC receptor were refractory to CXCL12 further underscores the importance of this pathway for the treatment of EAE by GCs. Importantly, methylprednisolone pulse therapy strongly increased the capacity of peripheral blood T cells from MS patients of different subtypes to migrate towards CXCL12. This indicates that modulation of T cell migration is an important mechanistic principle responsible for the efficacy of high-dose GC therapy not only of EAE but also of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Schweingruber
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Göttingen Medical School, Humboldtallee 34, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
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19
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Fawzy M, El-Refaeey AAA. Does combined prednisolone and low molecular weight heparin have a role in unexplained implantation failure? Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:677-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Boomsma CM, Keay SD, Macklon NS. Peri-implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012:CD005996. [PMID: 22696356 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005996.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve embryo implantation for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles the use of glucocorticoids has been advocated. It has been proposed that glucocorticoids may improve the intrauterine environment by acting as immunomodulators to reduce the uterine natural killer (NK) cell count and normalise the cytokine expression profile in the endometrium and by suppression of endometrial inflammation. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the administration of glucocorticoids around the time of implantation improved clinical outcomes in subfertile women undergoing IVF or ICSI when compared to no glucocorticoid administration. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register (September 2011), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (September 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to September 2011), EMBASE (1976 to September 2011), CINAHL (1982 to September 2011) and Science Direct (1966 to September 2011) were searched. Reference lists of relevant articles and relevant conference proceedings were handsearched. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) addressing the research question were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility and quality of trials and extracted relevant data. MAIN RESULTS Fourteen studies (involving 1879 couples) were included. Three studies reported live birth rate and these did not identify a significant difference after pooling the (preliminary) results (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.19). With regard to pregnancy rates, there was also no evidence that glucocorticoids improved clinical outcome (13 RCTs; OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.44). However, a subgroup analysis of 650 women undergoing IVF (6 RCTs) revealed a significantly higher pregnancy rate for women using glucocorticoids (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.13). There were no significant differences in adverse events, but these were poorly and inconsistently reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Overall, there was no clear evidence that administration of peri-implantation glucocorticoids in ART cycles significantly improved the clinical outcome. The use of glucocorticoids in a subgroup of women undergoing IVF (rather than ICSI) was associated with an improvement in pregnancy rates of borderline statistical significance and should be interpreted with care. These findings were limited to the routine use of glucocorticoids and cannot be extrapolated to women with autoantibodies, unexplained infertility or recurrent implantation failure. Further well designed randomised studies are required to elucidate the possible role of this therapy in well defined patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien M Boomsma
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. 2Centre for Reproductive Medicine, UHCWNHS Trust, Coventry, UK.
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21
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Michael AE, Papageorghiou AT. Potential significance of physiological and pharmacological glucocorticoids in early pregnancy. Hum Reprod Update 2008; 14:497-517. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmn021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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22
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Giovannetti A, Pierdominici M, Esposito A, Cagliuso M, Stifano G, Giammarioli AM, Maselli A, Malorni W, Salsano F, Aiuti F. Progressive Derangement of the T Cell Compartment in a Case of Evans Syndrome. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 145:258-67. [DOI: 10.1159/000109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Boomsma CM, Keay SD, Macklon NS. Peri-implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007:CD005996. [PMID: 17253574 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005996.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve embryo implantation in in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles, the use of glucocorticoids has been advocated. It has been proposed that glucocorticoids may improve the intra-uterine environment by acting as immuno modulators to reduce the uterine NK cell count, normalise the cytokine expression profile in the endometrium and by suppression of endometrial inflammation. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the administration of glucocorticoids around the time of implantation improves clinical outcomes in subfertile women undergoing IVF or ICSI, compared to no glucocorticoid administration. SEARCH STRATEGY The Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group's trials register (February 2006), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2006), MEDLINE (1966 to June 2006), EMBASE (1976 to June 2006), CINAHL (1982 to June 2006) and Science Direct (1966 to June 2006) were searched. Reference lists of relevant articles and relevant conference proceedings were also hand searched. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) addressing the research question were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and quality of trials and extracted relevant data. MAIN RESULTS Thirteen studies (1759 couples) were included. Three studies reported live birth rate and these did not identify a significant difference after pooling the (preliminary) results (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.19). With regard to pregnancy rates, there was also no evidence that glucocorticoids improved clinical outcome (13 RCTs; OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.44). However, a subgroup analysis of 650 women undergoing IVF (6 RCTs) revealed a significantly higher pregnancy rate for women using glucocorticoids (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.13). There were no significant differences in adverse events, but these were poorly and inconsistently reported. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Overall, there is no clear evidence that administration of peri-implantation glucocorticoids in ART cycles significantly improves clinical outcome. The use of glucocorticoids in women undergoing IVF (rather than ICSI) was associated with an improvement in pregnancy rates of borderline statistical significance. These findings are limited to the routine use of glucocorticoids and cannot be extrapolated to women with auto-antibodies, unexplained infertility or recurrent implantation failure. Further well designed randomised studies are required to elucidate the possible role of this therapy in well defined patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Boomsma
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, Perinatology and Gynaecology, Jan van Scorelstraat 157, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3583 CN.
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24
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Boomsma CM, Eijkemans MJC, Keay SD, Macklon NS. Peri-implantation glucocorticoid administration for assisted reproductive technology cycles. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Quenby S, Farquharson R. Uterine natural killer cells, implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13:24-8. [PMID: 16820105 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are the most abundant leukocytes in preimplantation endometrium and early pregnancy decidua. Maternal uNK cells are adjacent to, and have the ability to interact directly with, fetal trophoblasts. uNK cells can secrete an array of cytokines that are important in angiogenesis and thus placental development and the establishment of pregnancy. Increased numbers of uNK cells have been associated with reproductive failure. The number of preimplantation uNK cells has been reduced with prednisolone. However, despite these exciting advances in understanding of the uNK cells, considerably more work needs to be done to establish a specific role for uNK cells and to use uNK cells as a test of malfunctioning endometrium and the basis for future treatment for reproductive failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Quenby
- School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, First Floor, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Crown Street, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK.
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26
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Quenby S, Kalumbi C, Bates M, Farquharson R, Vince G. Prednisolone reduces preconceptual endometrial natural killer cells in women with recurrent miscarriage. Fertil Steril 2005; 84:980-4. [PMID: 16213853 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that high numbers of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells in the endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) could be reduced with prednisolone. DESIGN A before and after study. SETTING A tertiary referral teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Eighty-five women with idiopathic RM recruited from all over the UK and 18 women attending for sterilization (controls). INTERVENTION(S) An endometrial sample was taken on day 21 +/- 2 of the menstrual cycle. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify uNK (CD56+, CD16-, CD3-). Twenty-nine women with RM and >5% uNK agreed to take 20 mg oral prednisolone daily from day 1 to 21 of their menstrual cycle, when a second biopsy was obtained and analyzed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The percentage of stromal cells that were uNK. The normal range was defined using control samples as <5%. RESULT(S) Women with RM had significantly more uNK than the controls (P=.008). Prednisolone treatment significantly reduced the number of CD56 cells in the endometrium, from a median of 14% (before) to 9% (after) (P=.0004). CONCLUSION(S) We have demonstrated that high numbers of uNK in preimplantation endometrium of women with recurrent miscarriage can be reduced with administration of prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Quenby
- School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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27
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Levi Setti PE, Colombo GV, Savasi V, Bulletti C, Albani E, Ferrazzi E. Implantation Failure in Assisted Reproduction Technology and a Critical Approach to Treatment. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1034:184-99. [PMID: 15731311 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1335.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review the literature and our personal experience regarding the many factors that appear to influence implantation rate. Oocyte quality, as determined by patient age and aneuploidies, probably plays a major role in RIF. However, a panoply of other factors have been brought under investigation, quite often with contradictory results and additional intriguing questions to be studied. Infections of the vagina, cervix, and endometrium, the role of mucus aspiration and washing of the cervix on transfer, the role of catheter guidance for a correct transfer and potion of embryos, the effect of mock transfer, and the role of hysteroscopy and its timing before transfer procedures are analyzed both as a review of the literature and as opinions and data from our experience. Many of these factors are interlaced and from the apparently simple issue of trauma, to infections and immune modulation of hatching and implantation, a biological continuum can easily be identified. The impact of abnormalities of the immune system and of homeostasis abnormalities is also covered in a brief overview of reported works and our experience. These latter areas probably constitute the common biological background of all other external factors that, however, the skilled must equip themselves for improving implantation success.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Levi Setti
- Operative Unit of Reproductive Medicine, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (Milano), Italy.
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Ozturk O, Saridogan E, Jauniaux E. Drug intervention in early pregnancy after assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 9:452-65. [PMID: 15511349 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Implantation in humans is a complex, closely regulated, highly selective and relatively poorly understood process. Humans have the highest rate of miscarriage in mammals and various pharmacological manipulations have been used to minimize pregnancy losses in both spontaneous pregnancies and pregnancies resulting from assisted reproduction technology. The widespread application of protocols using numerous drugs in assisted reproduction treatment has led to an increasing number of pregnancies exposed to these drugs. The vast majority of these protocols have been based on data from a few observational and often retrospective clinical studies. This paper reviews the recent literature on drug interventions in early pregnancy after assisted reproduction treatment. It is concluded that there are still numerous issues about the safety of most drugs for both the women and their fetus. In many cases, the benefits are theoretical and the possible long-term side-effects are untested. There is an urgent need for more epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials to explore the use, efficacy and side-effects of both old and new drugs in early pregnancy after assisted reproduction treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Abortion, Habitual/etiology
- Abortion, Habitual/therapy
- Abortion, Spontaneous/epidemiology
- Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology
- Abortion, Spontaneous/prevention & control
- Antibodies, Antiphospholipid/blood
- Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications
- Endometriosis/complications
- Endometriosis/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Hyperprolactinemia/complications
- Hyperprolactinemia/physiopathology
- Hyperprolactinemia/therapy
- Infertility, Female/etiology
- Infertility, Female/immunology
- Infertility, Female/therapy
- Luteal Phase/physiology
- Oxidative Stress
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/therapy
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Maintenance/drug effects
- Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
- Uterus/blood supply
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Ozturk
- Academic Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London Hospitals, 86-96 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX, UK
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Sauma D, Mora JR, Fierro A, Morales J, Herzog C, Buckel E, Rosemblatt M, Bono MR. Low-dose prednisone accounts for a transient reduction on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in renal transplant patients under triple therapy. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:3183-4. [PMID: 12493413 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(02)03596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Sauma
- Unidad de Trasplante, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
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Ubaldi F, Rienzi L, Ferrero S, Anniballo R, Iacobelli M, Cobellis L, Greco E. Low dose prednisolone administration in routine ICSI patients does not improve pregnancy and implantation rates. Hum Reprod 2002; 17:1544-7. [PMID: 12042275 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/17.6.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids have been used in conjunction with zona dissection to improve pregnancy and implantation rates in IVF patients. The aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose prednisolone in addition to the standard protocol, on pregnancy and implantation rates in routine ICSI patients before and after embryo replacement. METHODS A total of 313 patients in 360 consecutive cycles (patients <39 years old and with three or less than three ICSI attempts) performed at our centre were randomly assigned by computer-generated list to receive either prednisolone (10 mg/day in two divided doses), starting on the first day of ovarian stimulation and continuing for 4 weeks (group A), or no treatment (group B). RESULTS The mean age, number of previously failed IVF attempts, basal FSH levels and the mean rank of trials were comparable between groups A and B. The mean (+/- SD) number of metaphase II oocytes retrieved (11.9 +/- 5.5 versus 12.0 +/- 5.1), 2-pronuclei fertilization rate (67.2 versus 65.8%), the pregnancy and the implantation rates were not different between the study and control groups (49.0 and 23.6% versus 50.0 and 23.3% respectively). CONCLUSION Low-dose prednisolone treatment in addition to the standard protocol before and after embryo replacement does not appear to have a significant effect on pregnancy or implantation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ubaldi
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Rome, Italy.
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31
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Stovall DW, Van Voorhis BJ. Immunologic tests and treatments in patients with unexplained infertility, IVF-ET, and recurrent pregnancy loss. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1999; 42:979-1000. [PMID: 10572710 DOI: 10.1097/00003081-199912000-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D W Stovall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA
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Deuster PA, Zelazowska EB, Singh A, Sternberg EM. Expression of lymphocyte subsets after exercise and dexamethasone in high and low stress responders. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31:1799-806. [PMID: 10613431 DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199912000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent work indicates that among the normal population, persons can be classified as low (LR) or high (HR) stress responders based on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to high-intensity exercise. We studied whether differential activation of the HPA axis affected cytokine production and expression of selected lymphocyte subsets in HR and LR in response to high-intensity exercise after placebo and dexamethasone (DEX; 4 mg). METHODS Healthy HR (N = 12) and LR (N = 10) underwent two exercise tests at 90% of VO2max, 8 h after placebo or DEX. Expression of lymphocyte surface markers (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+), adhesion molecule markers (intercellular adhesion molecule-1/ICAM-1: CD54+ and L-selectin: CD62L+), and concentrations of plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) were examined before and after exercise. RESULTS Baseline percentages of CD8+ and CD56+ cells were significantly higher, and concentrations of IL-6 and percentages of CD4+ cells were significantly lower in HR as compared with LR. The percentage of CD54+ and CD62L+ cells was not significantly different in HR and LR. DEX significantly reduced the percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ and increased the percentage of CD8+ and CD56+ subsets; the percent of cells expressing CD54+ increased, whereas CD62L+ decreased. Exercise-induced changes in the percentage of lymphocyte subsets were similar to those induced by DEX. CONCLUSION In summary, HR and LR have different baseline patterns of IL-6 and lymphocyte subsets, which may reflect differential sensitivity to endogenous glucocorticoids. However, exogenous glucocorticoids induced similar patterns of lymphocyte expression in HR and LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, 20814-4799, USA.
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Hasegawa I, Yamanoto Y, Suzuki M, Murakawa H, Kurabayashi T, Takakuwa K, Tanaka K. Prednisolone plus low-dose aspirin improves the implantation rate in women with autoimmune conditions who are undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1998; 70:1044-8. [PMID: 9848293 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(98)00343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of prednisolone plus low-dose aspirin (PSL/LDA) in women with autoimmune conditions who were enrolled in an IVF-ET program. DESIGN A retrospective clinical study. SETTING In vitro fertilization unit, Niigata University Hospital, Niigata, Japan. PATIENT(S) Three hundred seven women who underwent IVF-ET between January 1996 and December 1997. INTERVENTION(S) Prednisolone (10 mg/d) and aspirin (81 mg/d) were administered to the women with autoantibodies who chose to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Pregnancy and implantation rates with IVF-ET. RESULT(S) Women undergoing IVF who had positive antinuclear antibodies, with or without antiphospholipid antibodies, had significantly lower pregnancy and implantation rates than did women without autoantibodies (14.8% versus 21.7% and 6.8% versus 10.4%, respectively). The administration of PSL/LDA to women with antinuclear antibodies significantly improved the outcome of IVF-ET (40.6% pregnancy rate and 20.3% implantation rate). CONCLUSION(S) A high proportion of women who are undergoing IVF-ET have autoantibodies, which are associated with poor IVF outcomes. The administration of PSL/LDA to these women may improve their implantation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hasegawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Japan
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Ossege LM, Sindern E, Voss B, Malin JP. Corticosteroids induce expression of transforming-growth-factor-beta1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 84:1-6. [PMID: 9600702 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(97)00211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which corticosteroids act in the treatment of an acute relapse in multiple sclerosis (MS) are not completely known. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression of transforming-growth-factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1), a cytokine with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive potentials, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum of 10 patients with an acute relapse of MS before, during and after the treatment with 500 mg prednisolone daily over 5 days. The expression of TGFbeta1-mRNA increased at day 3-5 and declined at day 8-10. Serum levels of TGFbeta1 demonstrated a comparable course. The present data suggest that corticosteroids induce the expression of TGFbeta1 in vivo. This is might be an other mechanism by which corticosteroids mediate immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ossege
- Institute of Neurology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, BG Klinikum Bergmannsheil, Germany
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35
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Muhaya M, Calder V, Towler HM, Shaer B, McLauchlan M, Lightman S. Characterization of T cells and cytokines in the aqueous humour (AH) in patients with Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) and idiopathic anterior uveitis (IAU). Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 111:123-8. [PMID: 9472671 PMCID: PMC1904870 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FHC and IAU are two forms of anterior uveitis which are localized to the eyes with no evidence of systemic involvement. However, FHC has distinct clinical features and differs from IAU in that the inflammation is low grade, steroid non-responsive, and has a less aggressive clinical course. To try to dissect the mechanism for this difference the phenotypes of the cells in the AH and blood (PB) and the cytokines present in the AH in patients with FHC and IAU were compared. Three-colour flow cytometry was performed on the cells isolated from the AH and PB. Percentage of cells bearing the following markers were determined: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD25, CD8/CD25, CD19 and CD14. The cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) were assayed by ELISA. In both groups T cell numbers were higher in the AH than PB, although the distribution of T cell subsets in PB was similar. In the AH, CD8+ T cell numbers were higher in FHC than in IAU (P = 0.003), whilst CD4+ numbers were higher in IAU than FHC (P = 0.01). AH cytokine profiles were different in the two groups: IFN-gamma levels were higher and IL-12 levels lower in the FHC group than IAU (P = 0.02), whilst IL-10 levels tended to be higher in the FHC group (P = 0.5). We suggest that different local mechanisms governing the balance of T cell/cytokine-mediated inflammation in the anterior segment may underlie clinical differences such as chronicity and response to steroids in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muhaya
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, UK
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Salvarani C, Boiardi L, Macchioni P, Rossi F, Tartoni P, Casadei Maldini M, Mancini R, Beltrandi E, Portioli I. Role of peripheral CD8 lymphocytes and soluble IL-2 receptor in predicting the duration of corticosteroid treatment in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54:640-4. [PMID: 7677440 PMCID: PMC1009961 DOI: 10.1136/ard.54.8.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if the presence of low percentages of CD8 positive cells or high levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R) define a subgroup of patients with more severe polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis (PMR/GCA). METHODS 38 PMR/GCA patients were followed up prospectively. Serum levels of sIL-2R and peripheral blood CD8 lymphocytes were measured before the start of corticosteroid treatment, after six months of treatment and at the last visit. Phenotypical analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations was performed with a two colour technique, and assay of sIL-2R was performed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent kit. Forty four healthy people matched for age and gender comprised a healthy control group. RESULTS The median duration of follow up was 28 months (range 7-65). Corticosteroid treatment lasted a median of 23.5 months (7-65). Eleven patients (29%) were in remission at the end of follow up; 45% of the patients had at least one relapse or recurrence. Compared with controls, patients with active disease had a significantly lower percentage of CD8 cells and significantly increased sIL-2R levels. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, and sIL-2R values were significantly less after six months of steroid treatment compared with before treatment. The percentage of CD8 cells remained significantly lower at six months and the end of follow up compared with controls, while sIL-2R levels remained significantly greater. Patients in whom the percentage of CD8 cells at six months was lower than one SD of the mean of normal controls (26%) had a significantly longer duration of corticosteroid treatment, a greater cumulative dose of prednisone and more relapses or recurrences compared with patients in whom the percentage was in the normal range. The duration of treatment and the cumulative dose of prednisone were not influenced by the percentage of CD8 cells before treatment therapy or by the levels of sIL-2R after six months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS A reduced percentage of CD8 cells after six months of treatment may be a useful outcome parameter which would identify a group of PMR/GCA patients likely to experience more severe disease, defined as longer duration of corticosteroid treatment, higher cumulative dose of prednisone, and relapse or recurrence of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salvarani
- Unità Reumatologica, Ospedale Spallanzani, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Nesher G, Wilson VK, Moore TL, Osborn TG, Hanna VE. Antiperinuclear and anti-RA33 antibodies in juvenile chronic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1994; 53:282-3. [PMID: 8203963 PMCID: PMC1005313 DOI: 10.1136/ard.53.4.282-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Pountain G, Keogan M, Brown D, Hazleman B. Authors' reply. Ann Rheum Dis 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.53.4.283-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Panayi GS. Circulating T cell subtypes in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: variation in the percentage of CD8+ cells with prednisolone treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 1994; 53:283. [PMID: 8203964 PMCID: PMC1005315 DOI: 10.1136/ard.53.4.283-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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40
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Gabay C, Meyer O, Prieur AM. Author's reply. Ann Rheum Dis 1994. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.53.4.282-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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