1
|
Zheng DD, Li YY, Yuan XY, Lu JL, Zhang MF, Fu J, Zhang CZ. Immune cell patterns before and after neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade combined with chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:649. [PMID: 38802821 PMCID: PMC11129487 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) combined with chemoradiotherapy offers high pathologic complete response (pCR) rate for patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC). But the dynamic tumor immune microenvironment modulated by such neoadjuvant therapy remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 41 patients with locally advanced ESCC were recruited. All patients received neoadjuvant toripalimab combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Matched pre- and post-treatment tissues were obtained for fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) and IHC analyses. The densities and spatial distributions of immune cells were determined by HALO modules. The differences of immune cell patterns before and after neoadjuvant treatment were investigated. RESULTS In the pre-treatment tissues, more stromal CD3 + FoxP3 + Tregs and CD86+/CD163 + macrophages were observed in patients with residual tumor existed in the resected lymph nodes (pN1), compared with patients with pCR. The majority of macrophages were distributed in close proximity to tumor nest in pN1 patients. In the post-treatment tissues, pCR patients had less CD86 + cell infiltration, whereas higher CD86 + cell density was significantly associated with higher tumor regression grades (TRG) in non-pCR patients. When comparing the paired pre- and post-treatment samples, heterogeneous therapy-associated immune cell patterns were found. Upon to the treatment, CD3 + T lymphocytes were slightly increased in pCR patients, but markedly decreased in non-pCR patients. In contrast, a noticeable increase and a less obvious decrease of CD86 + cell infiltration were respectively depicted in non-pCR and pCR patients. Furthermore, opposite trends of the treatment-induced alterations of CD8 + and CD15 + cell infiltrations were observed between pN0 and pN1 patients. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate a comprehensive picture of tumor immune landscape before and after neoadjuvant ICB combined with chemoradiotherapy in ESCC. The infiltration of CD86 + macrophage may serve as an unfavorable indicator for neoadjuvant toripalimab combined with chemoradiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yu-Ying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiang-Li Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chris Zhiyi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology and State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
An M, Mehta A, Min BH, Heo YJ, Wright SJ, Parikh M, Bi L, Lee H, Kim TJ, Lee SY, Moon J, Park RJ, Strickland MR, Park WY, Kang WK, Kim KM, Kim ST, Klempner SJ, Lee J. Early Immune Remodeling Steers Clinical Response to First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy in Advanced Gastric Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:766-785. [PMID: 38319303 PMCID: PMC11061611 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Adding anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/platinum improves survival in some advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (GEA). To understand the effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, we conducted a phase II first-line trial (n = 47) sequentially adding pembrolizumab to 5-FU/platinum in advanced GEA. Using serial biopsy of the primary tumor at baseline, after one cycle of 5-FU/platinum, and after the addition of pembrolizumab, we transcriptionally profiled 358,067 single cells to identify evolving multicellular tumor microenvironment (TME) networks. Chemotherapy induced early on-treatment multicellular hubs with tumor-reactive T-cell and M1-like macrophage interactions in slow progressors. Faster progression featured increased MUC5A and MSLN containing treatment resistance programs in tumor cells and M2-like macrophages with immunosuppressive stromal interactions. After pembrolizumab, we observed increased CD8 T-cell infiltration and development of an immunity hub involving tumor-reactive CXCL13 T-cell program and epithelial interferon-stimulated gene programs. Strategies to drive increases in antitumor immune hub formation could expand the portion of patients benefiting from anti-PD-1 approaches. SIGNIFICANCE The benefit of 5-FU/platinum with anti-PD-1 in first-line advanced gastric cancer is limited to patient subgroups. Using a trial with sequential anti-PD-1, we show coordinated induction of multicellular TME hubs informs the ability of anti-PD-1 to potentiate T cell-driven responses. Differential TME hub development highlights features that underlie clinical outcomes. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minae An
- Experimental Therapeutics Development Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Arnav Mehta
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Byung Hoon Min
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Samuel J. Wright
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Milan Parikh
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lynn Bi
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hyuk Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Jun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-Yi Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghyeon Moon
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan J. Park
- The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew R. Strickland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Mee Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao S, Liu Y, Ding L, Zhang C, Ye J, Sun K, Song W, Cai S, He Y, Peng J, Xu J. Gastric cancer immune microenvironment score predicts neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e12378. [PMID: 38778559 PMCID: PMC11112142 DOI: 10.1002/2056-4538.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) varies greatly. Thus, we aimed to verify the predictive value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) on the treatment response to NACT and the prognosis of patients with advanced GC, and to explore the impact of NACT on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Paired tumor tissues (pre- and post-NACT) from patients with advanced GC were collected for this study. TIICs were assessed using immunohistochemistry staining and analyzed using logistic regression to establish an immune microenvironment score for GC (ISGC score) and predict NACT efficacy. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the survival outcome of patients. The results showed that TIME was dramatically heterogeneous between NACT response and nonresponse patients. In the validation cohort, the ISGC score demonstrated good predictive performance for treatment response to NACT. Moreover, high ISGC indicated better long-term survival in patients with advanced GC. Furthermore, tumor-infiltrated T cells (CD3+ and CD8+) and CD11c+ macrophages were significantly increased in the response group, while CD163+ macrophages and FOXP3+ Treg cells were decreased after NACT. However, opposite results were exhibited in the nonresponse group. Finally, we found that the percentage of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive tumors was 31% (32/104) pre-NACT and 49% (51/104) post-NACT, and almost all patients with elevated PD-L1 were in the NACT response group. The ISGC model accurately predicted NACT efficacy and classified patients with GC into different survival groups. NACT regulates the TIME in GC, which may provide strategies for personalized immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoji Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Yinan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Chaoyue Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Jinning Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Kaiyu Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Wu Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Yulong He
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
- Digestive Diseases Center, Scientific Research CenterThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhenPR China
| | - Jianjun Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| | - Jianbo Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouPR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imperial R, Mosalem O, Majeed U, Tran NH, Borad MJ, Babiker H. Second-Line Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Shedding Light on New Opportunities and Key Talking Points from Clinical Trials. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2024; 17:121-134. [PMID: 38650920 PMCID: PMC11034511 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s390655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in overall cancer mortality, deaths related to pancreatic cancer continue to rise. Following first-line treatment, second-line options are significantly limited. Classically, first-line treatment consisted of either gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil based systemic chemotherapy. Upon progression of disease or recurrence, subsequent second-line treatment is still gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy, depending on what was used in the first line and the timing of progression or recurrence. A better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has led to new treatment strategies including specifically targeting the desmoplastic stroma, cytokine signaling and actionable mutations. Furthermore, efforts are also directed to enhance the immunogenicity profile of PDAC's well-established immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment. More recently, the outstanding response rates of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in hematologic malignancies, have led to clinical trials to evaluate the treatment modality in PDAC. In this review, we summarize recently presented clinical trials for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma with novel treatment approaches in the second line and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Imperial
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Osama Mosalem
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Umair Majeed
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hani Babiker
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yee EJ, Gilbert D, Kaplan J, Wani S, Kim SS, McCarter MD, Stewart CL. Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Resectable Gastric Cancer: Analysis from a Western Academic Center. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1428. [PMID: 38611107 PMCID: PMC11010931 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are an emerging biomarker predictive of response to immunotherapy across a spectrum of solid organ malignancies. The characterization of TILs in gastric cancer (GC) treated with contemporary, multiagent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is understudied. In this retrospective investigation, we analyzed the degree of infiltration, phenotype, and spatial distribution of TILs via immunohistochemistry within resected GC specimens treated with or without NAC at a Western center. We hypothesized that NAC executes immunostimulatory roles, as evidenced by an increased number of anti-tumor TILs in the tumor microenvironment. We found significantly elevated levels of conventional and memory CD8+ T cells, as well as total TILs (CD4+, CD8+, Treg, B cells), within chemotherapy-treated tumors compared with chemotherapy-naïve specimens. We also revealed important associations between survival and pathologic responses with enhanced TIL infiltration. Taken together, our findings advocate for an immunostimulatory role of chemotherapy and underscore the potential synergistic effect of combining chemotherapy with immunotherapy in resectable gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J. Yee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.G.); (M.D.M.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Danielle Gilbert
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.G.); (M.D.M.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Jeffrey Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Sunnie S. Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Martin D. McCarter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.G.); (M.D.M.); (C.L.S.)
| | - Camille L. Stewart
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (D.G.); (M.D.M.); (C.L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elicora A, Yaprak Bayrak B, Vural C, Sezer HF, Uzun Erkal S, Metin E. Prognostic significance of T lymphocyte subgroups (CD4 and CD8) in lung cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:113. [PMID: 38468248 PMCID: PMC10926577 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The basis for current and future lung cancer immunotherapy depends on our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of interactions between tumor and immune system cells. Interactions that occur between different intratumoral populations of the same cells are important. In our study, we aimed to evaluate relationship between the clinical and prognostic features and T lymphocyte subgroups of patients with lung tumors after neoadjuvant treatment. METHODS A total of 72 patients were included in our study, including study group, 39 of whom received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clinical/radiological/pathological findings of patients and CD4/CD8 staining rates in peritumoral/intratumoral areas were recorded. RESULTS Our study revealed significantly lower intratumoral CD4 + T cell density and lower intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio in primary tumor after neoadjuvant therapy (respectively, 0.012 and 0.016). Considering tumor types, when control-study groups were compared, inflammation was statistically significant only in adenocarcinoma subtype; intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significant only in squamous-cell carcinoma subtype (respectively, p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0139). When CD4 + T lymphocytes and CD8 + T lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio were compared between control and study groups in low-stage patients according to clinical stages, only intratumoral CD4 + T lymphocyte values and intratumoral CD4/CD8 ratio were significant (respectively, p = 0.0291 ve p = 0.0154). CONCLUSION All cell types of innate and adaptive intratumoral immunity can affect lung cancer tissues simultaneously, and these interactions have a very complex structure. Understanding the tumor microenvironment and the different roles of associated cancer immune cells may lead to the discovery of new targets for immunological therapies and increased survival times in lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aykut Elicora
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Busra Yaprak Bayrak
- Department of Pathology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Cigdem Vural
- Department of Pathology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Fatih Sezer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Semra Uzun Erkal
- Department of Pathology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Elif Metin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kang H, Hwang S, Kang H, Jo A, Lee JM, Choi JK, An HJ, Lee H. Altered tumor signature and T-cell profile after chemotherapy reveal new therapeutic opportunities in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:989-1000. [PMID: 38226451 PMCID: PMC10921005 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy combined with debulking surgery is the standard treatment protocol for high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Nonetheless, a significant number of patients encounter relapse due to the development of chemotherapy resistance. To better understand and address this resistance, we conducted a comprehensive study investigating the transcriptional alterations at the single-cell resolution in tissue samples from patients with HGSOC, using single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor sequencing techniques. Our analyses unveiled notable changes in the tumor signatures after chemotherapy, including those associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell cycle arrest. Within the immune compartment, we observed alterations in the T-cell profiles, characterized by naïve or pre-exhausted populations following chemotherapy. This phenotypic change was further supported by the examination of adjoining T-cell receptor clonotypes in paired longitudinal samples. These findings underscore the profound impact of chemotherapy on reshaping the tumor landscape and the immune microenvironment. This knowledge may provide clues for the development of future therapeutic strategies to combat treatment resistance in HGSOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiram Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate SchoolThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA UniversitySeongnam‐siKorea
- Department of CHA Future Medicine Research InstituteCHA Bundang Medical CenterSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | - Haeyoun Kang
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA UniversitySeongnam‐siKorea
| | - Areum Jo
- Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate SchoolThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of CHA Future Medicine Research InstituteCHA Bundang Medical CenterSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | | | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical CenterCHA UniversitySeongnam‐siKorea
- Department of CHA Future Medicine Research InstituteCHA Bundang Medical CenterSeongnam‐siGyeonggi‐doSouth Korea
| | - Hae‐Ock Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate SchoolThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulKorea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Y, Ye J, Zhou K, Chen N, Huang G, Feng G, Zhang G, Gou X. Radiomics Features on Enhanced Computed Tomography Predict FOXP3 Expression and Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF IMAGING INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE 2024:10.1007/s10278-023-00910-0. [PMID: 38376584 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00910-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) has been identified as a novel molecular marker in various types of cancer. The present study assessed the expression of FOXP3 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its potential as a clinical prognostic indicator, and developed a radiomics model based on enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging. Data from 483 patients with HNSCC were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas for FOXP3 prognostic analysis and enhanced CT images from 139 patients included in the Cancer Imaging Archives, which were subjected to the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy and recursive feature elimination algorithms for radiomics feature extraction and processing. Logistic regression was used to build a model for predicting FOXP3 expression. A prognostic scoring system for radiomics score (RS), FOXP3, and patient clinicopathological factors was established to predict patient survival. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate model performance. Furthermore, the relationship between FOXP3 and the immune microenvironment, as well as the association between RS and immune checkpoint-related genes, was analyzed. Results of analysis revealed that patients with HNSCC and high FOXP3 mRNA expression exhibited better overall survival. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that FOXP3 had a positive correlation with CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and other immune cells. The 8 best radiomics features were selected to construct the radiomics model. In the FOXP3 expression prediction model, the AUC values were 0.707 and 0.702 for the training and validation sets, respectively. Additionally, the calibration curve and DCA demonstrated the positive diagnostic utility of the model. RS was correlated with immune checkpoint-related genes such as ICOS, CTLA4, and PDCD1. A predictive nomogram was established, the AUCs were 0.87, 0.787, and 0.801 at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, and DCA demonstrated the high clinical applicability of the nomogram. The enhanced CT radiomics model can predict expression of FOXP3 and prognosis in patients with HNSCC. As such, FOXP3 may be used as a novel prognostic marker to improve individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nian Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangyong Feng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Guihai Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Gou
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Chen Z, Li Q, Liu R, Zheng J, Gu Q, Xiang F, Li X, Zhang M, Kang X, Wu R. Study of miRNA and lymphocyte subsets as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16660. [PMID: 38259671 PMCID: PMC10802158 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to identify the expression of miRNA and lymphocyte subsets in the blood of gastric cancer (GC) patients, elucidate their clinical significance in GC, and establish novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of GC. Methods The expression of miRNAs in the serum of GC patients was screened using second-generation sequencing and detected using qRT-PCR. The correlation between miRNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics of GC patients was analyzed, and molecular markers for predicting cancer were identified. Additionally, flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of lymphocyte subsets in GC patients compared to healthy individuals. The correlations between differential lymphocyte subsets, clinicopathological features of GC patients, and their prognosis were analyzed statistically. Results The study revealed that hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, and hsa-miR-296-5p were expressed at lower levels in the blood of GC patients, which is consistent with miRNA-seq findings. The AUC values of hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, and hsa-miR-296-5p were found to be effective predictors of GC occurrence. Additionally, hsa-miR-296-5p was found to be negatively correlated with CA724. Furthermore, hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, and hsa-miR-296-5p were found to be associated with the stage of the disease and were closely linked to the clinical pathology of GC. The lower the levels of these miRNAs, the greater the clinical stage of the tumor and the worse the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Finally, the study found that patients with GC had lower absolute numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and lymphocytes compared to healthy individuals. The quantity of CD4+ T lymphocytes and the level of the tumor marker CEA were shown to be negatively correlated. The ROC curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lymphocyte subsets can effectively predict gastric carcinogenesis and prognosis. Conclusion These miRNAs such as hsa-miR-1306-5p, hsa-miR-3173-5p, hsa-miR-296-5p and lymphocyte subsets such as the absolute numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, lymphocytes are down-regulated in GC and are closely related to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of GC patients. They may serve as new molecular markers for predicting the early diagnosis and prognosis of GC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenfen Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengzhe Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gu Y, Chen Q, Yin H, Zeng M, Gao S, Wang X. Cancer-associated fibroblasts in neoadjuvant setting for solid cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 193:104226. [PMID: 38056580 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.104226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches for cancer have become increasingly diverse in recent times. A comprehensive understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) holds great potential for enhancing the precision of tumor therapies. Neoadjuvant therapy offers the possibility of alleviating patient symptoms and improving overall quality of life. Additionally, it may facilitate the reduction of inoperable tumors and prevent potential preoperative micrometastases. Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a prominent role as they generate various elements that contribute to tumor progression. Particularly, extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by CAFs prevents immune cell infiltration into the TME, hampers drug penetration, and diminishes therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this review provides a summary of the heterogeneity and interactions of CAFs within the TME, with a specific focus on the influence of neoadjuvant therapy on the microenvironment, particularly CAFs. Finally, we propose several potential and promising therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs, which may efficiently eliminate CAFs to decrease stroma density and impair their functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiangda Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mengsu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghiringhelli F, Rébé C. Using immunogenic cell death to improve anticancer efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors: From basic science to clinical application. Immunol Rev 2024; 321:335-349. [PMID: 37593811 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Even though the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, a high proportion of patients do not respond. Moreover, some types of cancers are refractory to these treatments. Thus, the need to find predictive biomarkers of efficacy and to evaluate the association with other treatments, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, appears to be essential. Because ICIs reactivate or maintain an active status of T cells, one possibility is to combine these treatments with therapies that engage an immune response against tumor cells. Thus, by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells, some conventional anticancer treatments induce such immune response and may have an interest to be combined with ICIs. In this review, we explore preclinical studies and clinical trials that evaluate the combination of ICIs with ICD inducers. More than inducing ICD, some of these treatments appear to modulate the tumor microenvironment and more particularly to inhibit immunosuppression, thus improving treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Ghiringhelli
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Equipe TIRECs, Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, Dijon, France
| | - Cédric Rébé
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
- Equipe TIRECs, Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, Dijon, France
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gregorczyk M, Parkes EE. Targeting mitotic regulators in cancer as a strategy to enhance immune recognition. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 132:103583. [PMID: 37871511 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA has evolved to be enclosed within the nucleus to protect the cellular genome from autoinflammatory responses driven by the immunogenic nature of cytoplasmic DNA. Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) is the cytoplasmic dsDNA sensor, which upon activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), mediates production of pro-inflammatory interferons (IFNs) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). However, although this pathway is crucial in detection of viral and microbial genetic material, cytoplasmic DNA is not always of foreign origin. It is now recognised that specifically in genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, extranuclear material in the form of micronuclei (MN) can be generated as a result of unresolved DNA lesions during mitosis. Activation of cGAS-STING in cancer has been shown to regulate numerous tumour-immune interactions such as acquisition of 'immunologically hot' phenotype which stimulates immune-mediated elimination of transformed cells. Nonetheless, a significant percentage of poorly prognostic cancers is 'immunologically cold'. As this state has been linked with low proportion of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), improving immunogenicity of cold tumours could be clinically relevant by exhibiting synergy with immunotherapy. This review aims to present how inhibition of vital mitotic regulators could provoke cGAS-STING response in cancer and improve the efficacy of current immunotherapy regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gregorczyk
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mou P, Ge QH, Sheng R, Zhu TF, Liu Y, Ding K. Research progress on the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291117. [PMID: 38077373 PMCID: PMC10701536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, particularly the immune microenvironment, plays an indispensable role in the malignant progression and metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). As our understanding of the GC microenvironment continues to evolve, we are gaining deeper insights into the biological mechanisms at the single-cell level. This, in turn, has offered fresh perspectives on GC therapy. Encouragingly, there are various monotherapy and combination therapies in use, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer therapy, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and cancer vaccines. In this paper, we review the current research progress regarding the GC microenvironment and summarize promising immunotherapy research and targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Mou
- Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-hua Ge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- Department of Outpatient, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng-fei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lynch E, Duffy AG, Kelly RJ. Role of Immunotherapy in Gastroesophageal Cancers-Advances, Challenges and Future Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5401. [PMID: 38001661 PMCID: PMC10670173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal cancers (GECs) carry considerable morbidity and mortality, and demonstrate geographical histological variances in addition to molecular heterogeneity. Consequently, the immunogenicity of the different subtypes, which can predict the likelihood of immunotherapy response, can vary. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has transformed the treatment of many cancer types over the past decade but has been slower to gain a foothold in the treatment paradigm of GECs. METHODS This article reviews the existing evidence and use approvals for immunotherapies and immune-based treatments in GECs, in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant and metastatic disease settings. The challenges of and limitations to ICI application in current clinical practice are examined. Ongoing clinical trials and future directions of research are also considered. CONCLUSION ICI therapy has become an established treatment option within GECs, both perioperatively and in advanced disease. However, nuances in terms of its use are not yet fully understood. Ongoing research proposes to broaden the application of immunotherapies in GECs with the potential to continue to improve outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emer Lynch
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mater Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (E.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Austin G. Duffy
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Mater Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (E.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Ronan J. Kelly
- The Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Y, Zhang L, Lei X, Yin X, Liu S. Development of an immunogenic cell death prognostic signature for predicting clinical outcome and immune infiltration characterization in stomach adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11389-11411. [PMID: 37862109 PMCID: PMC10637829 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a common gastric histological cancer type with a high mortality rate. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a key factor during carcinogenesis progress, whereas the prognostic value and role of ICD-related genes (ICDRGs) in STAD remain unclear. The MSigDB database collecting ICDRGs were selected by univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO algorithm to establish a novel risk model. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated a significant difference of OS rate of patients by risk score stratification. ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms were conducted to estimate the immune infiltration landscape by risk stratification. Subgroup analysis and tumor mutation burden analysis were also analyzed to identify characteristics between groups. Differences in therapeutic responsiveness to chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs were also analyzed between high-risk group and low-risk group. The impact of one ICDRG, GPX1, on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of was confirmed by in vitro experiments in GC cells to test the reliability of bioinformatics results. This study gives evidence of the involvement of ICD process in STAD and provides a new perspective for further accurate assessment of prognosis and therapeutic efficacy in STAD patients. Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is a common gastric histological cancer type with a high mortality rate. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a key factor during carcinogenesis progress, whereas the prognostic value and role of ICD-related genes (ICDRGs) in STAD remains unclear. The MSigDB database collected ICDRGs were selected by univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO algorithm to establish a novel risk model. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated a significant difference of OS rate of patients by risk score stratification. ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms were conducted to estimate the immune infiltration landscape by risk stratification. Subgroup analysis and tumor mutation burden analysis were also analyzed to identify characteristics between groups. Differences in therapeutic responsiveness to chemotherapeutic drugs and targeted drugs were also analyzed between high-risk group and low-risk group. The impact of one ICDRG, GPX1, on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of was confirmed by in vitro experiments in GC cells to test the reliability of bioinformatics results. This study gives evidence of the involvement of ICD process in STAD and provides a new perspective for further accurate assessment of prognosis and therapeutic efficacy in STAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lijia Zhang
- Ethics Committee Office, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Clinical Specialty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xinyu Yin
- Department of Clinical Specialty of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Songjiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shin K, Kim J, Park SJ, Kim H, Lee MA, Kim O, Park J, Kang N, Kim IH. Early Increase in Circulating PD-1 +CD8 + T Cells Predicts Favorable Survival in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3955. [PMID: 37568771 PMCID: PMC10417033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of PD-1 expression in circulating CD8+ T cells in patients with gastric cancer (GC) receiving chemotherapy remains unelucidated. Therefore, we aimed to examine its prognostic significance in blood samples of 68 patients with advanced GC who received platinum-based chemotherapy. The correlation between peripheral blood mononuclear cells, measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, was evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to the changes in PD-1+CD8+ T-cell frequencies between day 0 and 7. They were categorized as increased or decreased PD-1+CD8+ T-cell groups. The increased PD-1+CD8+ T-cell group showed longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than the decreased PD-1+CD8+ T-cell group (PFS: 8.7 months vs. 6.1 months, p = 0.007; OS: 20.7 months vs. 10.8 months, p = 0.003). The mean duration of response was significantly different between the groups (5.7 months vs. 2.5 months, p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis revealed that an increase in PD-1+CD8+ T-cell frequency was an independent prognostic factor. We concluded that the early increase in PD-1+CD8+ T-cell frequency is a potential predictor of favorable prognoses and durable responses in patients with advanced GC receiving chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabsoo Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (J.K.); (S.J.P.); (M.A.L.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Joori Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (J.K.); (S.J.P.); (M.A.L.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Se Jun Park
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (J.K.); (S.J.P.); (M.A.L.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Hyunho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myung Ah Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (J.K.); (S.J.P.); (M.A.L.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Okran Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Juyeon Park
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Nahyeon Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (J.K.); (S.J.P.); (M.A.L.)
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (O.K.); (J.P.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Z, Liu Y, Niu X. Application of artificial intelligence for improving early detection and prediction of therapeutic outcomes for gastric cancer in the era of precision oncology. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 93:83-96. [PMID: 37116818 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading contributor to cancer incidence and mortality globally. Recently, artificial intelligence approaches, particularly machine learning and deep learning, are rapidly reshaping the full spectrum of clinical management for gastric cancer. Machine learning is formed from computers running repeated iterative models for progressively improving performance on a particular task. Deep learning is a subtype of machine learning on the basis of multilayered neural networks inspired by the human brain. This review summarizes the application of artificial intelligence algorithms to multi-dimensional data including clinical and follow-up information, conventional images (endoscope, histopathology, and computed tomography (CT)), molecular biomarkers, etc. to improve the risk surveillance of gastric cancer with established risk factors; the accuracy of diagnosis, and survival prediction among established gastric cancer patients; and the prediction of treatment outcomes for assisting clinical decision making. Therefore, artificial intelligence makes a profound impact on almost all aspects of gastric cancer from improving diagnosis to precision medicine. Despite this, most established artificial intelligence-based models are in a research-based format and often have limited value in real-world clinical practice. With the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence in clinical use, we anticipate the arrival of artificial intelligence-powered gastric cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xing Niu
- China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
He Q, Huangfu L, Fan B, Zhuang Q, He L, Li L, You W, Xing X. T-cells infiltration mediates the association between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and survival in gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:15893-15902. [PMID: 37306187 PMCID: PMC10469634 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a vital index for systemic inflammation and a prognostic indicator for gastric cancer (GC). Despite the abundant literature on NLR's prognostic value for GC, the underlying factors mediating its impact on survival remain unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of NLR in different prognostic models and subgroups, and investigate the mediating effects of immune infiltrates between NLR and survival. METHODS A total of 924 patients who underwent D2 lymph node resection were enrolled in this study. According to the level of NLR, patients were divided into two groups, the high and low NLR groups. Clinical parameters, indexes related to immune infiltrates, and survival were compared between the two groups. Prognostic models, interaction analysis, and mediating effects analysis were performed to investigate the clinical association of NLR, immune infiltrates, and survival. RESULTS The infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells was significantly different in the two NLR groups. The level of NLR was an independent prognostic predictor of GC. In addition, an interaction effect exists between NLR and MMR status on the prognosis of GC (p-interaction <0.01). Lastly, the mediating effect analysis revealed that the infiltration level of CD3+ T cells was the mediating factor between NLR and survival (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The level of NLR is an independent prognostic predictor of GC. The effect of NLR on prognosis is partly mediated by CD3+ T-cell infiltration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifei He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer CenterPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
- Department of Bone Joint and Musculoskeletal TumorThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Longtao Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer CenterPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Biao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer CenterPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Qianzheng Zhuang
- Department of Bone Joint and Musculoskeletal TumorThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Liu He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer CenterPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aerospace Center HospitalPeking University Aerospace School of Clinical MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Wei You
- Department of Bone Joint and Musculoskeletal TumorThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaofang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Gastrointestinal Cancer CenterPeking University Cancer Hospital and InstituteBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tang Z, Gu Y, Shi Z, Min L, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Luo R, Wang Y, Cui Y, Sun Y, Wang X. Multiplex immune profiling reveals the role of serum immune proteomics in predicting response to preoperative chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100931. [PMID: 36724786 PMCID: PMC9975277 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Responses toward preoperative chemotherapy are heterogeneous in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Existing studies in the field focus heavily on the tumor microenvironment (TME), whereas little is known about the relationship between systemic immunity and chemotherapy response. In this study, we collect serum samples from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma before, on, and after preoperative chemotherapy and study their immune proteomics using an antibody-based proteomics panel. We also collect surgically resected tumor samples and incorporate multiple methods to assess their TME. We find that both local and systemic immune features are associated with treatment response. Preoperative chemotherapy induces a sophisticated systemic immune response indicated by dynamic serum immune proteomics. A pretreatment serum protein scoring system is established for response prediction. Together, these findings highlight the fundamental but largely underestimated role of systemic immunity in the treatment of gastric cancer, suggesting a patient stratification strategy based on pretreatment serum immune proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhongyi Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingqiang Min
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongkui Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuehong Cui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Gastric Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Gao P, Hao Z, Chen L, Li X, Jiao Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhang Y, Peng X, Ning B, Zhan X. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the tumor immune microenvironment in gastrointestinal tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1054598. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1054598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is capable of regulating the growth of tumors, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TIME can affect the prognosis and treatment responses of patients. Consequently, therapies targeting these immune cells have emerged as important antitumor treatments. As a crucial componet of the perioperative treatment of malignant tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can improve the surgical resection rate and prognosis of patients and is a suitable clinical model to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on the TIME. To provide a rationale for developing valid combinational therapies, this review summarizes the impact of NACT on the TIME, the relationship between tumor-infiltrating immune cells and treatment responses of patients, and the prognostic value of these infiltrating immune cells.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang J, Tu S, Chavda VP, Chen ZS, Chen X. Successes and failures of immunotherapy for gastric cancer. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103343. [PMID: 36075377 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many exploratory clinical studies have been conducted on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as new therapeutic approaches for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Despite varying interpretations of the successes and failures of this clinical research, most analyses have focused on the results from the perspective of exploring the superiority of immunotherapy. Consequently, the role of chemotherapy as an important partner of immunotherapy in first-line combination therapy regimens for gastric cancer has attracted less attention. Here, we explore and analyze first-line immunotherapies for gastric cancer from the perspective of chemotherapy, to understand reasons for the failure of studies and to indicate directions for future clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Shuiping Tu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Clinical Significance and Immune Infiltration Analyses of the Cuproptosis-Related Human Copper Proteome in Gastric Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101459. [PMID: 36291668 PMCID: PMC9599751 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human copper Cu proteome, also termed Cu-binding proteins (CBP), is responsible for transporting "free" Cu to the cell that is related to cuproptosis. However, their role in gastric cancer (GC) has not been reported. METHODS RNA expression data of 946 GC patients were collected. A series of machine learning and bioinformatic approaches were combined to build a CBP signature to predict survival and immune microenvironment and guide the priority treatment. Immunohistochemistry and multicolor immunofluorescence (mIF) in 1076 resection slides were used to verify immune features. RESULTS A CBP signature was constructed using the machine learning method from TCGA that classifies cases as CBP_low and CBP_high groups. Multivariable Cox analysis confirmed that the CBP signature was an independent prognostic factor in the training and validation cohorts. Additionally, GC patients with low CBPscores showed an increase in anti-tumor immune microenvironment, which was further verified by mIF in pathological resections following immunotherapy. Importantly, patients with low CBPscores had higher levels of TMB/MSI and responded well to immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS We conducted the first and comprehensive CBP analysis of GC patients and established a clinically feasible CBP signature for predicting survival and response to treatment, which will be helpful for guiding personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chiaravalli M, Spring A, Agostini A, Piro G, Carbone C, Tortora G. Immunogenic Cell Death: An Emerging Target in Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193033. [PMID: 36230995 PMCID: PMC9563749 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a regulated form of cell death that induces the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses through the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and their subsequent recognition by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), generating specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Thus, ICD inducers (such as certain chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, radiation, and oncolytic viruses) could become a potential cancer treatment by providing antitumour immunity and cancer vaccination. Moreover, their combination with immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors, could overcome the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment that characterises certain cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. This review will provide insights into the role of ICD induction in colorectal, gastric, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Specifically, we will discuss the main mechanisms involved in ICD, their potential application in gastrointestinal cancer treatment, and the latest clinical trial updates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Chiaravalli
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexia Spring
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu P, Chen J, Zhao L, Hollebecque A, Kepp O, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. PD-1 blockade synergizes with oxaliplatin-based, but not cisplatin-based, chemotherapy of gastric cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2093518. [PMID: 35769948 PMCID: PMC9235886 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2093518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical experimentation revealed that established cancers treated with the immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducer oxaliplatin are sensitized to immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1. In contrast, no such sensitizing effect is observed when cisplatin, a non-immunogenic cell death inducer is used. Two randomized phase III clinical trials targeting unresectable gastric and gastro-esophageal junction carcinomas apparently validate this observation. Thus, oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (together with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin) favorably interacted with nivolumab, yielding improved outcome. In contrast, the outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy (together with capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil) failed to be improved by concomitant treatment with pembrolizumab. These clinical findings underscore the importance of choosing appropriate ICD-inducing cytotoxicants for the development of chemoimmunotherapeutic regimens. Unfortunately, the FDA and EMA have approved PD-1 blockade in combination with “platinum-based chemotherapy” without specifying the precise nature of the platinum-containing drug. This is a non sequitur. Based on the available clinical data, such approvals should be restricted to the use of oxaliplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jianzhou Chen
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Liwei Zhao
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Hollebecque
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- INSERM U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, ClinicObiome, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138 and CNRS SNC 5096, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|