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Yu Y, Jiang Y, Hu X, Zhang H, Liu R, Wang R. Two-Generation Transmission of Trisomy 18p: Prenatal Diagnosis in a Woman with Mild Intellectual Disability. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 157:220-226. [PMID: 30939474 DOI: 10.1159/000499173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 18p is a rarely observed chromosomal aberration. Only 31 cases have previously been described in the literature. Trisomy 18p is associated with mild to moderate phenotypic anomalies and intellectual disability. Here, we report on a pregnant woman in whom noninvasive prenatal testing indicated a high risk of fetal trisomy 18. Prenatal diagnosis and karyotyping of the parents were performed and demonstrated that both the mother and the fetus had a derivative chromosome 15 with a segment of unknown origin. Chromosomal microarray analysis and FISH revealed a 14.9-Mb duplication of 18p and detected 3 centromeres of chromosome 18. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting trisomy 18p due to an unbalanced translocation of 18p onto chromosome 15q showing 2-generation transmission. The results suggest that trisomy 18p can be considered a euchromatic variant.
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Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Non-Robertsonian Dicentric Chromosome 14;19 Identified in a Girl with Short Stature and Amenorrhea. Case Rep Genet 2012. [PMID: 23198188 PMCID: PMC3502790 DOI: 10.1155/2012/212065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 16-year-old girl who presented with short stature and amenorrhea. Initially the cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of a mosaic non-Robertsonian dicentric chromosome involving chromosomes 14 and 19. Subsequent molecular cytogenetic analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using whole chromosome paints, centromeric probes, as well as gene specific probes confirmed the dicentric nature of the derivative chromosome and indicated that the rearrangement involved the short arms of both of these chromosomes. Furthermore, we also determined that the chromosome 19p13.3 breakpoint occurred within the terminal 1 Mb region. This is the first report of a mosaic non-Robertsonian dicentric chromosome involving chromosomes 14 and 19 with the karyotype determined as 45,XX,dic(14;19)(p11.2;p13.3)[35]/46,XX[15], and we suggest that the chromosome rearrangement could be the cause of clinical phenotype.
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Cho SY, Lim G, Kim SY, Kim MJ, Lee KA, Choi JR, Lee HJ, Suh JT, Park TS, Jung E. A Case of Pseudoisodicentric Chromosome 18q Detected at Prenatal Diagnosis. Ann Lab Med 2010; 30:440-3. [DOI: 10.3343/kjlm.2010.30.4.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gayoung Lim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Joo Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Tae Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Sung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Wertelecki W, Dev VG, Superneau DAW. Abnormal centromere-chromatid apposition (Acca) and Peters’ anomaly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/13816818509004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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5
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Maguld NA, Hablblan R. Isodicentric chromosome 18 in an abnormal infant using chromosome specific DNA probe. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1992.tb03670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin CC, Li YC, Liu PP, Hsieh LJ, Cheng YM, Teng RH, Shi SL, Tsai FJ. Identification and characterization of a new type of asymmetrical dicentric chromosome derived from a single maternal chromosome 18. Cytogenet Genome Res 2008; 119:291-6. [PMID: 18253044 DOI: 10.1159/000112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cytogenetic analysis identified a new type of dicentric chromosome involving different breakpoints at 18q in a female fetus. The chromosome anomaly was designated as an asymmetrical pseudoisodicentric chromosome 18, 46,XX,psu dic(18)(pter-->q11.2::q21.3-->pter)mat. A series of BAC clones for 18q11.2 and q21.3 regions were used to identify one breakpoint within the region q11.2 between 19.8 and 21.6 Mb from the telomere of 18p and another breakpoint within q21.3 between 55.4 and 56.9 Mb from the telomere of 18p by FISH analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR and microsatellite analysis further verified that the dicentric chromosome was maternal in origin and resulted from a break-reunion between sister chromatids of a single maternal chromosome. We propose that a loop-type configuration of sister chromatids took place and that the break-reunion occurred at cross sites of the loop to form an asymmetrical isodicentric chromosome during either mitosis or meiosis. In this case, the asymmetrical pseudoisodicentric resulted in an 18pter--> q11.2 duplication and an 18q21.3-->qter deletion, which could have led to certain dysmorphic features of 18q- syndrome in this fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Bugge M, Brandt CA, Petersen MB. DNA studies of mono- and pseudodicentric isochromosomes 18q. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 127A:230-3. [PMID: 15150771 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The description of isochromosomes 18 has so far mainly been by cytogenetic studies and based on identical banding pattern of the two arms. However, only molecular techniques are capable to distinguish an isochromosome from a translocation, whole arm or reciprocal, between two chromosomes 18. We have used 23 PCR-based DNA polymorphisms to determine the parental origin and mechanisms of formation in four patients with isochromosomes 18q and to demonstrate that they were consistent with true isochromosomes. Three of the probands were liveborn children with clinical features characteristic of Edwards syndrome, one proband was a fetus diagnosed at prenatal diagnosis. In one case the isochromosome was monocentric with two identical q arms of maternal origin, formed by misdivision of the centromere and loss of p arm material. Another monocentric case had 47 chromosomes with isochromosomes i(18p) and i(18q) formed by maternal postzygotic centromeric misdivision and segregation of both isochromosomes, or by meiosis II centromeric misdivision and nondisjunction (without recombination in meiosis I). In two cases, the isochromosomes were dicentric with genetically identical arms composed of a part of the short and the whole long arm of chromosome 18 of paternal origin. The formation of the fused chromosomes can be explained by postzygotic exchange of sister chromatids on the short arm of chromosome 18, followed by breakage and U-shape reunion of sister chromatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Bugge
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Morrissette JJD, Medne L, Bentley T, Owens NL, Geiger E, Pipan M, Zackai EH, Shaikh T, Spinner NB. A patient with mosaic partial trisomy 18 resulting from dicentric chromosome breakage. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137:208-12. [PMID: 16082706 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We present a patient with minor dysmorphic features and a mosaic karyotype with two different abnormal cell lines, both involving abnormalities of chromosome 18. Twenty percent of cells studied (4/20) had 46 chromosomes with a large derivative pseudoisodicentric chromosome 18. This chromosome was deleted for 18pter and duplicated for part of proximal 18p (18p11.2 based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies and all of 18q. The two copies of portions of chromosome 18 were fused in an inverted fashion (duplicated for 18qter->18p11.3). The smaller der(18) was present in 80% of cells studied (16/20) and had a normal q-arm, while the p-arm was missing the subtelomere region but had duplication of a part of 18p. FISH studies showed that the larger derivative 18 contained the 18q subtelomere at each end, but the 18p subtelomere was absent, consistent with fusion of two regions within 18p resulting in deletion of the subtelomeric regions. The smaller der(18) was also missing the 18p subtelomere (with normal 18q as expected). Further testing with BAC clones mapping within 18p11.2 showed that these sequences were duplicated and inverted in both of the der(18)s. These findings lead us to hypothesize that the smaller der(18) was derived from the larger, dicentric 18 following anaphase bridge formation, with breakage distal to the duplicated segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J D Morrissette
- Division of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, 1007A Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street & Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Lukusa T, Devriendt K, Holvoet M, Fryns J. Dicentric chromosome 9 due to tandem duplication of the 9p11-q13 region: Unusual chromosome 9 variant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(20000320)91:3<192::aid-ajmg7>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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10
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Chen CP, Chern SR, Lee CC, Town DD. Isochromosome 18q in a fetus with congenital megacystis, intra-uterine growth retardation and cloacal dysgenesis sequence. Prenat Diagn 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(1998100)18:10<1068::aid-pd384>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sheth FJ, Radhakrishna U, Multani AS, Shah VC, Chinoy NJ. A female with isodicentric X chromosome idic (Xq) associated with ovarian dysgenesis. Indian J Pediatr 1994; 61:189-92. [PMID: 7927618 DOI: 10.1007/bf02843616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F J Sheth
- Department of Zoology, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad
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Bryke CR, Lindgren V, Fryburg JS, Yang-Feng TL. Novel isodicentric chromosome 18 in an abnormal infant with a mosaic karyotype [46,XY/46,XY,-18,+dic(18)(q12.2]). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1990; 36:247-50. [PMID: 2368814 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320360221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A previously unreported isodicentric chromosome 18 was discovered in an abnormal infant boy whose mosaic karyotype was 46,XY/46,XY,-18,+idic(18)(q12.2). His constellation of congenital anomalies was typical of the 18q-syndrome. The clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of this patient are reported, and the literature concerning isochromosomes of 18 is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Bryke
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8005
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Phelan MC, Prouty LA, Stevenson RE, Howard-Peebles PN, Page DC, Schwartz CE. The parental origin and mechanism of formation of three dicentric X chromosomes. Hum Genet 1988; 80:81-4. [PMID: 3417308 DOI: 10.1007/bf00451462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic and molecular analyses of three dicentric X chromosomes were performed in an attempt to identify the parental origin and mechanism of formation of the aberrant chromosomes. Results indicate that, in these three cases, the dicentric chromosomes were formed by chromatid breakage and reunion of sister chromatids at the breakpoint. In two cases the abnormal chromosomes were paternal in origin; in the third case the dicentric originated from the maternal X chromosome.
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Labal de Vinuesa M, Slavutsky I, Larripa I. Presence of isochromosomes in hematologic diseases. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 1987; 25:47-54. [PMID: 3467831 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(87)90158-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several different structural chromosome aberrations have been observed in human neoplasias. In this report we describe the isochromosomes found in nine patients with hematologic malignancies: five with leukemia, one with sideroblastic anemia, and three with malignant lymphomas. The isochromosomes i(7q), i(11q), i(17q), and i(21q) were detected in these patients. We suggest that the presence of isochromosomes permits us to speak of a gene-dosage effect and that this mechanism may play a role in malignant transformation.
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Blazak WF, Stewart BE, Galperin I, Allen KL, Rudd CJ, Mitchell AD, Caspary WJ. Stable dicentric chromosomes induced by chemical mutagens in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Mutat Res 1986; 173:263-6. [PMID: 3951473 DOI: 10.1016/0165-7992(86)90021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stable, tandem dicentric chromosomes were discovered in two mutant cell colonies resulting from exposure of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells to chemical mutagens. These unusual dicentrics were present in all metaphase cells examined from these colonies, even after approximately 65 cell generations in culture. Observation of cells in metaphase and anaphase suggests that the interstitial centromere in these dicentrics is non-functional, and that the terminal centromere is solely responsible for their orderly anaphase segregation.
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Therman E, Trunca C, Kuhn EM, Sarto GE. Dicentric chromosomes and the inactivation of the centromere. Hum Genet 1986; 72:191-5. [PMID: 3456974 DOI: 10.1007/bf00291876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The origin and behavior of human dicentric chromosomes are reviewed. Most dicentrics between two nonhomologous or two homologous chromosomes (isodicentrics), which are permanent members of a chromosome complement, probably originate from segregation of an adjacent quadriradial; such configurations are the result of a chromatid translocation between two nonhomologous chromosomes, or they represent an adjacent counterpart of a mitotic chiasma. The segregation of such a quadriradial may also give rise to a cell line monosomic for the chromosome concerned (e.g., a 45, X line). Contrary to the generally held opinion, isodicentrics rarely result from an isolocal break in two chromatids followed by rejoining of sister chromatids. In this case the daughter centromeres go to opposite poles in the next anaphase, and the resulting bridge breaks at a random point. This mechanism, therefore, leads to the formation of an isodicentric chromosome only if the two centromeres are close together, or if one centromere is immediately inactivated. Observations on the origin of dicentrics in Bloom syndrome support these conclusions. One centromere is permanently inactivated in most dicentric chromosomes, and even when the dicentric breaks into two chromosomes, the centromere is not reactivated. The appearance and behavior of the "acentric" X chromosomes show that their centromeres are similarly inactivated and not prematurely divided. Two Bloom syndrome lymphocytes, one with an extra chromosome 2 and the other with an extra chromosome 7, each having an inactivated centromere, show that this can also happen in monocentric autosomes.
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Abstract
Isochromosomes are chromosomes with genetically identical arms. Chromosomes morphologically similar to isochromosomes can arise from alternative mechanisms: whole-arm translocations and crossing over within inversion loops. Cases are presented which could have arisen by each of these latter two mechanisms. The first case is 46,XX,t(15;15) (qter-cen-qter;pter-cen-pter) and the second 46,XY,rec(18),dup q,inv(18) (p11.32q11.2).
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18
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Ing PS, Smith SD. Cytogenetic studies of a patient with mosaicism of isochromosome 13q and a dicentric (Y;13) translocation showing differential centromeric activity. Clin Genet 1983; 24:194-9. [PMID: 6627723 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1983.tb02239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A case is presented in which both an isochromosome and a dicentric translocation with differential centromere activity are found in one individual. Three karyotypes are present: 46,XY, -13, + i(13q)/45,X, -13, + psu dic(13)t(13;Y)/45,X, -13, + psu dic(Y)t(Y;13). The isochromosome 13q is found in 23% of cells in blood and 5% in skin. The dicentric (Y;13) chromosome in all of the remaining cells displays differential centromeric activity; the ratio of cells with the active 13 centromere to the active Y centromere is about 3.5:1. The formation of the isochromosome 13q was a de novo gametic event. The translocation producing the dicentric occurred after fertilization with the breakpoints at band Yq12 and the juxta-centromeric region of the isochromosome 13. The finding of differential centromeric activity in this chromosome indicates that centromere inactivation is not always permanent in a dicentric translocation.
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Schwartz S, Palmer CG, Weaver DD, Priest J. Dicentric chromosome 13 and centromere inactivation. Hum Genet 1983; 63:332-7. [PMID: 6862437 DOI: 10.1007/bf00274757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The karyotype of a child with dysmorphic findings suggestive of both trisomy 13 and the 13q--syndrome was found to have cells with one of two different dicentric chromosomes: one bearing a duplication of chromosome 13q [46,XX,-13, + psu dic (13)t(13;13)(pter leads to cen leads to q34::q34 leads to pter)] and the other a deletion of 13q [46,XX,-13, + psu dic (13)t(13;13)(pter leads to cen leads to q22::q11 leads to pter]. Longitudinal cytogenetic studies in leukocytes demonstrated a loss of those cells possessing the small dicentric [psu dic(13)(q22;q11)], whereas fibroblasts from two separate skin biopsies contained only this marker. Q-band polymorphisms indicated that both dicentrics were of paternal origin, with the smaller dicentric derived from the larger via the bridge-breakage-fusion cycle. The presence of two active centromeres could not be confirmed in either dicentric.
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Mascarello JT, Jones MC, Hoyme HE, Freebury MM. Duplication (17p) in a child with an isodicentric (17p) chromosome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1983; 14:67-72. [PMID: 6681937 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320140111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a child with multiple structural defects due to duplication of the short arm and a small portion of the long arm of chromosome 17. Three children with similar cytogenetic abnormalities have been reported previously. The karyotype contained an isodicentric chromosome derived from chromosome 17. A clue to the mechanism that produced the isochromosome was retained in the genome in the form of a part of the chromosome 17 long arm which was attached to the short arm of a chromosome 10.
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22
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Weilong G, Aide Y, Hongbao F, Shumou L, Ju Y. Bisatellited dicentric chromosome: a report on a case with karyotype 47,XY, + psu dic(22)t(22;22)(22pter to cen to 22q11::22q11 to 22pter). Hum Genet 1982; 61:325-8. [PMID: 7152517 DOI: 10.1007/bf00276596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A 12-year-old boy with mental retardation and congenital anomalies was found to have a supernumerary small marker chromosome. This marker chromosome was proved to be bisatellited and dicentric by G-, C-, R-banding and the silverstaining technique.
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23
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Pfeiffer RA, Loidl J. Mirror image duplications of chromosome 21. Three new cases and discussion of the mechanisms of origin. Hum Genet 1982; 62:361-3. [PMID: 6219938 DOI: 10.1007/bf00304558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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