1
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Suga A, Minegishi Y, Yamamoto M, Ueda K, Iwata T. Compound heterozygous mutations in a mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis reveal the role of CCT2 in photoreceptor maintenance. Commun Biol 2024; 7:676. [PMID: 38830954 PMCID: PMC11148128 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
TRiC/CCT is a chaperonin complex required for the folding of cytoplasmic proteins. Although mutations in each subunit of TRiC/CCT are associated with various human neurodegenerative diseases, their impact in mammalian models has not yet been examined. A compound heterozygous mutation in CCT2 (p.[Thr400Pro]; p.[Arg516His]) is causal for Leber congenital amaurosis. Here, we generate mice carrying each mutation and show that Arg516His (R516H) homozygosity causes photoreceptor degeneration accompanied by a significant depletion of TRiC/CCT substrate proteins in the retina. In contrast, Thr400Pro (T400P) homozygosity results in embryonic lethality, and the compound heterozygous mutant (T400P/R516H) mouse showed aberrant cone cell lamination and died 2 weeks after birth. Finally, CCDC181 is identified as a interacting protein for CCTβ protein, and its localization to photoreceptor connecting cilia is compromised in the mutant mouse. Our results demonstrate the distinct impact of each mutation in vivo and suggest a requirement for CCTβ in ciliary maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suga
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuriko Minegishi
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Megumi Yamamoto
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwata
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Sensory Organs, NHO Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Chen Y, Luo M, Tu H, Qi Y, Guo Y, Zhang X, Cui Y, Gao M, Zhou X, Zhu T, Zhu H, Situ C, Li Y, Guo X. STYXL1 regulates CCT complex assembly and flagellar tubulin folding in sperm formation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:44. [PMID: 38168070 PMCID: PMC10761714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tubulin-based microtubule is a core component of flagella axoneme and essential for sperm motility and male fertility. Structural components of the axoneme have been well explored. However, how tubulin folding is regulated in sperm flagella formation is still largely unknown. Here, we report a germ cell-specific co-factor of CCT complex, STYXL1. Deletion of Styxl1 results in male infertility and microtubule defects of sperm flagella. Proteomic analysis of Styxl1-/- sperm reveals abnormal downregulation of flagella-related proteins including tubulins. The N-terminal rhodanese-like domain of STYXL1 is important for its interactions with CCT complex subunits, CCT1, CCT6 and CCT7. Styxl1 deletion leads to defects in CCT complex assembly and tubulin polymerization. Collectively, our findings reveal the vital roles of germ cell-specific STYXL1 in CCT-facilitated tubulin folding and sperm flagella development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Medical Research Center, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Mengjiao Luo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Haixia Tu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yaling Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiangzheng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Mengmeng Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chenghao Situ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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3
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Pinho-Correia LM, Prokop A. Maintaining essential microtubule bundles in meter-long axons: a role for local tubulin biogenesis? Brain Res Bull 2023; 193:131-145. [PMID: 36535305 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Axons are the narrow, up-to-meter long cellular processes of neurons that form the biological cables wiring our nervous system. Most axons must survive for an organism's lifetime, i.e. up to a century in humans. Axonal maintenance depends on loose bundles of microtubules that run without interruption all along axons. The continued turn-over and the extension of microtubule bundles during developmental, regenerative or plastic growth requires the availability of α/β-tubulin heterodimers up to a meter away from the cell body. The underlying regulation in axons is poorly understood and hardly features in past and contemporary research. Here we discuss potential mechanisms, particularly focussing on the possibility of local tubulin biogenesis in axons. Current knowledge might suggest that local translation of tubulin takes place in axons, but far less is known about the post-translational machinery of tubulin biogenesis involving three chaperone complexes: prefoldin, CCT and TBC. We discuss functional understanding of these chaperones from a range of model organisms including yeast, plants, flies and mice, and explain what is known from human diseases. Microtubules across species depend on these chaperones, and they are clearly required in the nervous system. However, most chaperones display a high degree of functional pleiotropy, partly through independent functions of individual subunits outside their complexes, thus posing a challenge to experimental studies. Notably, we found hardly any studies that investigate their presence and function particularly in axons, thus highlighting an important gap in our understanding of axon biology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Maria Pinho-Correia
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biology, Manchester, UK
| | - Andreas Prokop
- The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biology, Manchester, UK.
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4
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Scalia F, Lo Bosco G, Paladino L, Vitale AM, Noori L, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Bucchieri F, Cappello F, Lo Celso F. Structural and Dynamic Disturbances Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations Predict the Impact on Function of CCT5 Chaperonin Mutations Associated with Rare Severe Distal Neuropathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032018. [PMID: 36768350 PMCID: PMC9917133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding molecular chaperones, for instance the genes encoding the subunits of the chaperonin CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1, also known as TRiC), are associated with rare neurodegenerative disorders. Using a classical molecular dynamics approach, we investigated the occurrence of conformational changes and differences in physicochemical properties of the CCT5 mutations His147Arg and Leu224Val associated with a sensory and a motor distal neuropathy, respectively. The apical domain of both variants was substantially but differently affected by the mutations, although these were in other domains. The distribution of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic potentials on the surface of the mutant subunits differed from the wild-type molecule. Structural and dynamic analyses, together with our previous experimental data, suggest that genetic mutations may cause different changes in the protein-binding capacity of CCT5 variants, presumably within both hetero- and/or homo-oligomeric complexes. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the molecular pathogenic pathways of the two variants that produce the two distinct phenotypes. The data and clinical observations by us and others indicate that CCT chaperonopathies are more frequent than currently believed and should be investigated in patients with neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Giosuè Lo Bosco
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Leila Noori
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran 1417653911, Iran
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore—Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore—Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Fabio Bucchieri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Ionic Liquids Laboratory, Institute of Structure of Matter, Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
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5
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Masingue M, Fernández-Eulate G, Debs R, Tard C, Labeyrie C, Leonard-Louis S, Dhaenens CM, Masson MA, Latour P, Stojkovic T. Strategy for genetic analysis in hereditary neuropathy. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:10-29. [PMID: 36566124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inherited neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of slowly progressive disorders affecting either motor, sensory, and/or autonomic nerves. Peripheral neuropathy may be the major component of a disease such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or a feature of a more complex multisystemic disease involving the central nervous system and other organs. The goal of this review is to provide the clinical clues orientating the genetic diagnosis in a patient with inherited peripheral neuropathy. This review focuses on primary inherited neuropathies, amyloidosis, inherited metabolic diseases, while detailing clinical, neurophysiological and potential treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masingue
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - G Fernández-Eulate
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - R Debs
- Service de neurophysiologie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Tard
- CHU de Lille, clinique neurologique, centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, 59037 Lille cedex, France
| | - C Labeyrie
- Service de neurologie, hôpital Kremlin-Bicêtre, AP-HP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - S Leonard-Louis
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C-M Dhaenens
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, U1172-LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - M A Masson
- Inserm U1127, Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7225, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - P Latour
- Service de biochimie biologie moléculaire, CHU de Lyon, centre de biologie et pathologie Est, 69677 Bron cedex, France
| | - T Stojkovic
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Île-de-France, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
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6
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Fink JK. The hereditary spastic paraplegias. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:59-88. [PMID: 37620092 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a group of more than 90 genetic disorders in which lower extremity spasticity and weakness are either the primary neurologic impairments ("uncomplicated HSP") or when accompanied by other neurologic deficits ("complicated HSP"), important features of the clinical syndrome. Various genetic types of HSP are inherited such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked, and maternal (mitochondrial) traits. Symptoms that begin in early childhood may be nonprogressive and resemble spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Symptoms that begin later, typically progress insidiously over a number of years. Genetic testing is able to confirm the diagnosis for many subjects. Insights from gene discovery indicate that abnormalities in diverse molecular processes underlie various forms of HSP, including disturbance in axon transport, endoplasmic reticulum morphogenesis, vesicle transport, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Pathologic studies in "uncomplicated" HSP have shown axon degeneration particularly involving the distal ends of corticospinal tracts and dorsal column fibers. Treatment is limited to symptom reduction including amelioration of spasticity, reducing urinary urgency, proactive physical therapy including strengthening, stretching, balance, and agility exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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7
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Smith TM, Willardson BM. Mechanistic insights into protein folding by the eukaryotic chaperonin complex CCT. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1403-1414. [PMID: 36196890 PMCID: PMC9704529 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic chaperonin CCT is indispensable to eukaryotic life, folding the cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin along with an estimated 10% of the remaining proteome. However, it also participates in human diseases such as cancer and viral infections, rendering it valuable as a potential therapeutic target. CCT consists of two stacked rings, each comprised of eight homologous but distinct subunits, that assists the folding of a remarkable substrate clientele that exhibits both broad diversity and specificity. Much of the work in recent years has been aimed at understanding the mechanisms of CCT substrate recognition and folding. These studies have revealed new binding sites and mechanisms by which CCT uses its distinctive subunit arrangement to fold structurally unrelated substrates. Here, we review recent structural insights into CCT-substrate interactions and place them into the broader context of CCT function and its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, U.S.A
| | - Barry M. Willardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, U.S.A
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8
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Lischka A, Lassuthova P, Çakar A, Record CJ, Van Lent J, Baets J, Dohrn MF, Senderek J, Lampert A, Bennett DL, Wood JN, Timmerman V, Hornemann T, Auer-Grumbach M, Parman Y, Hübner CA, Elbracht M, Eggermann K, Geoffrey Woods C, Cox JJ, Reilly MM, Kurth I. Genetic pain loss disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2022; 8:41. [PMID: 35710757 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-022-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic pain loss includes congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP), hereditary sensory neuropathies and, if autonomic nerves are involved, hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN). This heterogeneous group of disorders highlights the essential role of nociception in protecting against tissue damage. Patients with genetic pain loss have recurrent injuries, burns and poorly healing wounds as disease hallmarks. CIP and HSAN are caused by pathogenic genetic variants in >20 genes that lead to developmental defects, neurodegeneration or altered neuronal excitability of peripheral damage-sensing neurons. These genetic variants lead to hyperactivity of sodium channels, disturbed haem metabolism, altered clathrin-mediated transport and impaired gene regulatory mechanisms affecting epigenetic marks, long non-coding RNAs and repetitive elements. Therapies for pain loss disorders are mainly symptomatic but the first targeted therapies are being tested. Conversely, chronic pain remains one of the greatest unresolved medical challenges, and the genes and mechanisms associated with pain loss offer new targets for analgesics. Given the progress that has been made, the coming years are promising both in terms of targeted treatments for pain loss disorders and the development of innovative pain medicines based on knowledge of these genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Lischka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Lassuthova
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arman Çakar
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christopher J Record
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maike F Dohrn
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Auer-Grumbach
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yesim Parman
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Miriam Elbracht
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - James J Cox
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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9
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Scalia F, Barone R, Rappa F, Marino Gammazza A, Lo Celso F, Lo Bosco G, Barone G, Antona V, Vadalà M, Vitale AM, Mangano GD, Amato D, Sentiero G, Macaluso F, Myburgh KH, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Giuffrè M, Cappello F. Muscle Histopathological Abnormalities in a Patient With a CCT5 Mutation Predicted to Affect the Apical Domain of the Chaperonin Subunit. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:887336. [PMID: 35720129 PMCID: PMC9201415 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.887336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of diseases associated with mutations of the chaperone system genes, e.g., chaperonopathies, is on the rise. Hereditary and clinical aspects are established, but the impact of the mutation on the chaperone molecule and the mechanisms underpinning the tissue abnormalities are not. Here, histological features of skeletal muscle from a patient with a severe, early onset, distal motor neuropathy, carrying a mutation on the CCT5 subunit (MUT) were examined in comparison with normal muscle (CTR). The MUT muscle was considerably modified; atrophy of fibers and disruption of the tissue architecture were prominent, with many fibers in apoptosis. CCT5 was diversely present in the sarcolemma, cytoplasm, and nuclei in MUT and in CTR and was also in the extracellular space; it colocalized with CCT1. In MUT, the signal of myosin appeared slightly increased, and actin slightly decreased as compared with CTR. Desmin was considerably delocalized in MUT, appearing with abnormal patterns and in precipitates. Alpha-B-crystallin and Hsp90 occurred at lower signals in MUT than in CTR muscle, appearing also in precipitates with desmin. The abnormal features in MUT may be the consequence of inactivity, malnutrition, denervation, and failure of protein homeostasis. The latter could be at least in part caused by malfunction of the CCT complex with the mutant CCT5 subunit. This is suggested by the results of the in silico analyses of the mutant CCT5 molecule, which revealed various abnormalities when compared with the wild-type counterpart, mostly affecting the apical domain and potentially impairing chaperoning functions. Thus, analysis of mutated CCT5 in vitro and in vivo is anticipated to provide additional insights on subunit involvement in neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry - Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Ionic Liquids Laboratory, Institute of Structure of Matter, Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Giosuè Lo Bosco
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Barone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Vitale
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Donato Mangano
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Amato
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Sentiero
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- SMART Engineering Solutions & Technologies (SMARTEST) Research Center, eCampus University, Palermo, Italy
| | - Kathryn H. Myburgh
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Cappello, @hotmail.com
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10
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Ghozlan H, Cox A, Nierenberg D, King S, Khaled AR. The TRiCky Business of Protein Folding in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906530. [PMID: 35602608 PMCID: PMC9117761 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of the cellular proteome or proteostasis is an essential process that when deregulated leads to diseases like neurological disorders and cancer. Central to proteostasis are the molecular chaperones that fold proteins into functional 3-dimensional (3D) shapes and prevent protein aggregation. Chaperonins, a family of chaperones found in all lineages of organisms, are efficient machines that fold proteins within central cavities. The eukaryotic Chaperonin Containing TCP1 (CCT), also known as Tailless complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) Ring Complex (TRiC), is a multi-subunit molecular complex that folds the obligate substrates, actin, and tubulin. But more than folding cytoskeletal proteins, CCT differs from most chaperones in its ability to fold proteins larger than its central folding chamber and in a sequential manner that enables it to tackle proteins with complex topologies or very large proteins and complexes. Unique features of CCT include an asymmetry of charges and ATP affinities across the eight subunits that form the hetero-oligomeric complex. Variable substrate binding capacities endow CCT with a plasticity that developed as the chaperonin evolved with eukaryotes and acquired functional capacity in the densely packed intracellular environment. Given the decades of discovery on the structure and function of CCT, much remains unknown such as the scope of its interactome. New findings on the role of CCT in disease, and potential for diagnostic and therapeutic uses, heighten the need to better understand the function of this essential molecular chaperone. Clues as to how CCT causes cancer or neurological disorders lie in the early studies of the chaperonin that form a foundational knowledgebase. In this review, we span the decades of CCT discoveries to provide critical context to the continued research on the diverse capacities in health and disease of this essential protein-folding complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Ghozlan
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Amanda Cox
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Nierenberg
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Stephen King
- Division of Neuroscience, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Annette R. Khaled
- Division of Cancer Research, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Annette R. Khaled,
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11
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Elsayed LEO, Eltazi IZ, Ahmed AE, Stevanin G. Insights into Clinical, Genetic, and Pathological Aspects of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias: A Comprehensive Overview. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690899. [PMID: 34901147 PMCID: PMC8662366 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a heterogeneous group of motor neurodegenerative disorders that have the core clinical presentation of pyramidal syndrome which starts typically in the lower limbs. They can present as pure or complex forms with all classical modes of monogenic inheritance reported. To date, there are more than 100 loci/88 spastic paraplegia genes (SPG) involved in the pathogenesis of HSP. New patterns of inheritance are being increasingly identified in this era of huge advances in genetic and functional studies. A wide range of clinical symptoms and signs are now reported to complicate HSP with increasing overall complexity of the clinical presentations considered as HSP. This is especially true with the emergence of multiple HSP phenotypes that are situated in the borderline zone with other neurogenetic disorders. The genetic diagnostic approaches and the utilized techniques leave a diagnostic gap of 25% in the best studies. In this review, we summarize the known types of HSP with special focus on those in which spasticity is the principal clinical phenotype ("SPGn" designation). We discuss their modes of inheritance, clinical phenotypes, underlying genetics, and molecular pathways, providing some observations about therapeutic opportunities gained from animal models and functional studies. This review may pave the way for more analytic approaches that take into consideration the overall picture of HSP. It will shed light on subtle associations that can explain the occurrence of the disease and allow a better understanding of its observed variations. This should help in the identification of future biomarkers, predictors of disease onset and progression, and treatments for both better functional outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena E. O. Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University [PNU], Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Ammar E. Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, APHP, Paris, France
- CNRS, INCIA, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, EPHE, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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12
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Vavouraki N, Tomkins JE, Kara E, Houlden H, Hardy J, Tindall MJ, Lewis PA, Manzoni C. Integrating protein networks and machine learning for disease stratification in the Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias. iScience 2021; 24:102484. [PMID: 34113825 PMCID: PMC8169945 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by spasticity and weakness in the lower body. Owing to the combination of genetic diversity and variable clinical presentation, the Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias are a strong candidate for protein-protein interaction network analysis as a tool to understand disease mechanism(s) and to aid functional stratification of phenotypes. In this study, experimentally validated human data were used to create a protein-protein interaction network based on the causative genes. Network evaluation as a combination of topological analysis and functional annotation led to the identification of core proteins in putative shared biological processes, such as intracellular transport and vesicle trafficking. The application of machine learning techniques suggested a functional dichotomy linked with distinct sets of clinical presentations, indicating that there is scope to further classify conditions currently described under the same umbrella-term of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias based on specific molecular mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Vavouraki
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK
| | | | - Eleanna Kara
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL IoN, UCL London, W1T 7NF UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL IoN, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Marcus J. Tindall
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Claudia Manzoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AX, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
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13
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Rahman MS, Winsvold BS, Chavez Chavez SO, Børte S, Tsepilov YA, Sharapov SZ, Aulchenko YS, Hagen K, Fors EA, Hveem K, Zwart JA, van Meurs JB, Freidin MB, Williams FM. Genome-wide association study identifies RNF123 locus as associated with chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1227-1235. [PMID: 33926923 PMCID: PMC8372387 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CWP) is a symptom of fibromyalgia and a complex trait with poorly understood pathogenesis. CWP is heritable (48%–54%), but its genetic architecture is unknown and candidate gene studies have produced inconsistent results. We conducted a genome-wide association study to get insight into the genetic background of CWP. Methods Northern Europeans from UK Biobank comprising 6914 cases reporting pain all over the body lasting >3 months and 242 929 controls were studied. Replication of three independent genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms was attempted in six independent European cohorts (n=43 080; cases=14 177). Genetic correlations with risk factors, tissue specificity and colocalisation were examined. Results Three genome-wide significant loci were identified (rs1491985, rs10490825, rs165599) residing within the genes Ring Finger Protein 123 (RNF123), ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+transporting 1 (ATP2C1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). The RNF123 locus was replicated (meta-analysis p=0.0002), the ATP2C1 locus showed suggestive association (p=0.0227) and the COMT locus was not replicated. Partial genetic correlation between CWP and depressive symptoms, body mass index, age of first birth and years of schooling were identified. Tissue specificity and colocalisation analysis highlight the relevance of skeletal muscle in CWP. Conclusions We report a novel association of RNF123 locus and a suggestive association of ATP2C1 locus with CWP. Both loci are consistent with a role of calcium regulation in CWP. The association with COMT, one of the most studied genes in chronic pain field, was not confirmed in the replication analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafiqur Rahman
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education,Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo universitetssykehus Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sergio O Chavez Chavez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Børte
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Research and Communication Unit for Musculoskeletal Health (FORMI), Department of Research, Innovation and Education, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yakov A Tsepilov
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Functional Genomics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Novosibirskaâ, Russia.,PolyOmica, 's-Hertogenbosch, PA, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sodbo Zh Sharapov
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Functional Genomics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Novosibirskaâ, Russia.,Laboratory of Recombination and Segregation Analysis, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, 10 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Functional Genomics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Novosibirskaâ, Russia.,PolyOmica, 's-Hertogenbosch, PA, The Netherlands
| | - Knut Hagen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinical Research Unit Central Norway, St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil A Fors
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John Anker Zwart
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education,Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joyce B van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frances Mk Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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14
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The Neurochaperonopathies: Anomalies of the Chaperone System with Pathogenic Effects in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11030898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chaperone (or chaperoning) system (CS) constitutes molecular chaperones, co-chaperones, and chaperone co-factors, interactors and receptors, and its canonical role is protein quality control. A malfunction of the CS may cause diseases, known as the chaperonopathies. These are caused by qualitatively and/or quantitatively abnormal molecular chaperones. Since the CS is ubiquitous, chaperonopathies are systemic, affecting various tissues and organs, playing an etiologic-pathogenic role in diverse conditions. In this review, we focus on chaperonopathies involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases of the central and peripheral nervous systems: the neurochaperonopathies (NCPs). Genetic NCPs are linked to pathogenic variants of chaperone genes encoding, for example, the small Hsp, Hsp10, Hsp40, Hsp60, and CCT-BBS (chaperonin-containing TCP-1- Bardet–Biedl syndrome) chaperones. Instead, the acquired NCPs are associated with malfunctional chaperones, such as Hsp70, Hsp90, and VCP/p97 with aberrant post-translational modifications. Awareness of the chaperonopathies as the underlying primary or secondary causes of disease will improve diagnosis and patient management and open the possibility of investigating and developing chaperonotherapy, namely treatment with the abnormal chaperone as the main target. Positive chaperonotherapy would apply in chaperonopathies by defect, i.e., chaperone insufficiency, and consist of chaperone replacement or boosting, whereas negative chaperonotherapy would be pertinent when a chaperone actively participates in the initiation and progression of the disease and must be blocked and eliminated.
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15
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Gunay A, Shin HH, Gozutok O, Gautam M, Ozdinler PH. Importance of lipids for upper motor neuron health and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:92-104. [PMID: 33323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Building evidence reveals the importance of maintaining lipid homeostasis for the health and function of neurons, and upper motor neurons (UMNs) are no exception. UMNs are critically important for the initiation and modulation of voluntary movement as they are responsible for conveying cerebral cortex' input to spinal cord targets. To maintain their unique cytoarchitecture with a prominent apical dendrite and a very long axon, UMNs require a stable cell membrane, a lipid bilayer. Lipids can act as building blocks for many biomolecules, and they also contribute to the production of energy. Therefore, UMNs require sustained control over the production, utilization and homeostasis of lipids. Perturbations of lipid homeostasis lead to UMN vulnerability and progressive degeneration in diseases such as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and primary lateral sclerosis (PLS). Here, we discuss the importance of lipids, especially for UMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksu Gunay
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Heather H Shin
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Oge Gozutok
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - Mukesh Gautam
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611
| | - P Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA, 60611.
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16
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D’Anneo A, Bavisotto CC, Gammazza AM, Paladino L, Carlisi D, Cappello F, de Macario EC, Macario AJL, Lauricella M. Lipid chaperones and associated diseases: a group of chaperonopathies defining a new nosological entity with implications for medical research and practice. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:805-820. [PMID: 32856199 PMCID: PMC7591661 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are lipid chaperones assisting in the trafficking of long-chain fatty acids with functions in various cell compartments, including oxidation, signaling, gene-transcription regulation, and storage. The various known FABP isoforms display distinctive tissue distribution, but some are active in more than one tissue. Quantitative and/or qualitative changes of FABPs are associated with pathological conditions. Increased circulating levels of FABPs are biomarkers of disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Deregulated expression and malfunction of FABPs can result from genetic alterations or posttranslational modifications and can be pathogenic. We have assembled the disorders with abnormal FABPs as chaperonopathies in a distinct nosological entity. This entity is similar but separate from that encompassing the chaperonopathies pertaining to protein chaperones. In this review, we discuss the role of FABPs in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, cancer, and neurological diseases. We highlight the opportunities for improving diagnosis and treatment that open by encompassing all these pathological conditions within of a coherent nosological group, focusing on abnormal lipid chaperones as biomarkers of disease and etiological-pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Caruso Bavisotto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Anatomy, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202 USA
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), Institute of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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17
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Antona V, Scalia F, Giorgio E, Radio FC, Brusco A, Oliveri M, Corsello G, Lo Celso F, Vadalà M, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F, Giuffrè M. A Novel CCT5 Missense Variant Associated with Early Onset Motor Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207631. [PMID: 33076433 PMCID: PMC7589105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases associated with acquired or genetic defects in members of the chaperoning system (CS) are increasingly found and have been collectively termed chaperonopathies. Illustrative instances of genetic chaperonopathies involve the genes for chaperonins of Groups I (e.g., Heat shock protein 60, Hsp60) and II (e.g., Chaperonin Containing T-Complex polypeptide 1, CCT). Examples of the former are hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 4 (HLD4 or MitCHAP60) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG13). A distal sensory mutilating neuropathy has been linked to a mutation [p.(His147Arg)] in subunit 5 of the CCT5 gene. Here, we describe a new possibly pathogenic variant [p.(Leu224Val)] of the same subunit but with a different phenotype. This yet undescribed disease affects a girl with early onset demyelinating neuropathy and a severe motor disability. By whole exome sequencing (WES), we identified a homozygous CCT5 c.670C>G p.(Leu224Val) variant in the CCT5 gene. In silico 3D-structure analysis and bioinformatics indicated that this variant could undergo abnormal conformation and could be pathogenic. We compared the patient’s clinical, neurophysiological and laboratory data with those from patients carrying p.(His147Arg) in the equatorial domain. Our patient presented signs and symptoms absent in the p.(His147Arg) cases. Molecular dynamics simulation and modelling showed that the Leu224Val mutation that occurs in the CCT5 intermediate domain near the apical domain induces a conformational change in the latter. Noteworthy is the striking difference between the phenotypes putatively linked to mutations in the same CCT subunit but located in different structural domains, offering a unique opportunity for elucidating their distinctive roles in health and disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Antona
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.A.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Advanced Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elisa Giorgio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesca C. Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù IRCSS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (E.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Massimiliano Oliveri
- Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.A.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Lo Celso
- Department of Physics and Chemistry—Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Ionic Liquids Laboratory, Institute of Structure of Matter, Italian National Research Council (ISM-CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Advanced Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Advanced Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (F.S.); (M.V.)
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics and Advanced Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Giuffrè
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (V.A.); (G.C.); (M.G.)
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18
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Wang YH, Ding ZY, Cheng YJ, Chien CT, Huang ML. An Efficient Screen for Cell-Intrinsic Factors Identifies the Chaperonin CCT and Multiple Conserved Mechanisms as Mediating Dendrite Morphogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:577315. [PMID: 33100975 PMCID: PMC7546278 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.577315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic morphology is inextricably linked to neuronal function. Systematic large-scale screens combined with genetic mapping have uncovered several mechanisms underlying dendrite morphogenesis. However, a comprehensive overview of participating molecular mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we conducted an efficient clonal screen using a collection of mapped P-element insertions that were previously shown to cause lethality and eye defects in Drosophila melanogaster. Of 280 mutants, 52 exhibited dendritic defects. Further database analyses, complementation tests, and RNA interference validations verified 40 P-element insertion genes as being responsible for the dendritic defects. Twenty-eight mutants presented severe arbor reduction, and the remainder displayed other abnormalities. The intrinsic regulators encoded by the identified genes participate in multiple conserved mechanisms and pathways, including the protein folding machinery and the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex that facilitates tubulin folding. Mutant neurons in which expression of CCT4 or CCT5 was depleted exhibited severely retarded dendrite growth. We show that CCT localizes in dendrites and is required for dendritic microtubule organization and tubulin stability, suggesting that CCT-mediated tubulin folding occurs locally within dendrites. Our study also reveals novel mechanisms underlying dendrite morphogenesis. For example, we show that Drosophila Nogo signaling is required for dendrite development and that Mummy and Wech also regulate dendrite morphogenesis, potentially via Dpp- and integrin-independent pathways. Our methodology represents an efficient strategy for identifying intrinsic dendrite regulators, and provides insights into the plethora of molecular mechanisms underlying dendrite morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Ying Ding
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Min-Lang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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19
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Lottes EN, Cox DN. Homeostatic Roles of the Proteostasis Network in Dendrites. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:264. [PMID: 33013325 PMCID: PMC7461941 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is indispensable to the survival and function of all cells. Distinct from other cell types, neurons are long-lived, exhibiting architecturally complex and diverse multipolar projection morphologies that can span great distances. These properties present unique demands on proteostatic machinery to dynamically regulate the neuronal proteome in both space and time. Proteostasis is regulated by a distributed network of cellular processes, the proteostasis network (PN), which ensures precise control of protein synthesis, native conformational folding and maintenance, and protein turnover and degradation, collectively safeguarding proteome integrity both under homeostatic conditions and in the contexts of cellular stress, aging, and disease. Dendrites are equipped with distributed cellular machinery for protein synthesis and turnover, including dendritically trafficked ribosomes, chaperones, and autophagosomes. The PN can be subdivided into an adaptive network of three major functional pathways that synergistically govern protein quality control through the action of (1) protein synthesis machinery; (2) maintenance mechanisms including molecular chaperones involved in protein folding; and (3) degradative pathways (e.g., Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), endolysosomal pathway, and autophagy. Perturbations in any of the three arms of proteostasis can have dramatic effects on neurons, especially on their dendrites, which require tightly controlled homeostasis for proper development and maintenance. Moreover, the critical importance of the PN as a cell surveillance system against protein dyshomeostasis has been highlighted by extensive work demonstrating that the aggregation and/or failure to clear aggregated proteins figures centrally in many neurological disorders. While these studies demonstrate the relevance of derangements in proteostasis to human neurological disease, here we mainly review recent literature on homeostatic developmental roles the PN machinery plays in the establishment, maintenance, and plasticity of stable and dynamic dendritic arbors. Beyond basic housekeeping functions, we consider roles of PN machinery in protein quality control mechanisms linked to dendritic plasticity (e.g., dendritic spine remodeling during LTP); cell-type specificity; dendritic morphogenesis; and dendritic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Lottes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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20
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Rodriguez A, Von Salzen D, Holguin BA, Bernal RA. Complex Destabilization in the Mitochondrial Chaperonin Hsp60 Leads to Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:159. [PMID: 32766281 PMCID: PMC7381220 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Several neurological disorders have been linked to mutations in chaperonin genes and more specifically to the HSPD1 gene. In humans, HSPD1 encodes the mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein 60 (mtHsp60) chaperonin, which carries out essential protein folding reactions that help maintain mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis. It functions as a macromolecular complex that provides client proteins an environment that favors proper folding in an ATP-dependent manner. It has been established that mtHsp60 plays a crucial role in the proper folding of mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP producing pathways. Recently, various single-point mutations in the mtHsp60 encoding gene have been directly linked to neuropathies and paraplegias. Individuals who harbor mtHsp60 mutations that negatively impact its folding ability display phenotypes with highly compromised muscle and neuron cells. Carriers of these mutations usually develop neuropathies and paraplegias at different stages of their lives mainly characterized by leg stiffness and weakness as well as degeneration of spinal cord nerves. These phenotypes are likely due to hindered energy producing pathways involved in cellular respiration resulting in ATP deprived cells. Although the complete protein folding mechanism of mtHsp60 is not well understood, recent work suggests that several of these mutations act by destabilizing the oligomeric stability of mtHsp60. Here, we discuss recent studies that highlight key aspects of the mtHsp60 mechanism with a focus on some of the known disease-causing point mutations, D29G and V98I, and their effect on the protein folding reaction cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo A. Bernal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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21
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Hallal S, Azimi A, Wei H, Ho N, Lee MYT, Sim HW, Sy J, Shivalingam B, Buckland ME, Alexander-Kaufman KL. A Comprehensive Proteomic SWATH-MS Workflow for Profiling Blood Extracellular Vesicles: A New Avenue for Glioma Tumour Surveillance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134754. [PMID: 32635403 PMCID: PMC7369771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving outcomes for diffuse glioma patients requires methods that can accurately and sensitively monitor tumour activity and treatment response. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membranous nanoparticles that can traverse the blood-brain-barrier, carrying oncogenic molecules into the circulation. Measuring clinically relevant glioma biomarkers cargoed in circulating EVs could revolutionise how glioma patients are managed. Despite their suitability for biomarker discovery, the co-isolation of highly abundant complex blood proteins has hindered comprehensive proteomic studies of circulating-EVs. Plasma-EVs isolated from pre-operative glioma grade II-IV patients (n = 41) and controls (n = 11) were sequenced by Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) and data extraction was performed by aligning against a custom 8662-protein library. Overall, 4054 proteins were measured in plasma-EVs. Differentially expressed proteins and putative circulating-EV markers were identified (adj. p-value < 0.05), including those reported in previous in-vitro and ex-vivo glioma-EV studies. Principal component analysis showed that plasma-EV protein profiles clustered according to glioma histological-subtype and grade, and plasma-EVs resampled from patients with recurrent tumour progression grouped with more aggressive glioma samples. The extensive plasma-EV proteome profiles achieved here highlight the potential for SWATH-MS to define circulating-EV biomarkers for objective blood-based measurements of glioma activity that could serve as ideal surrogate endpoints to assess tumour progression and allow more dynamic, patient-centred treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hallal
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Ali Azimi
- Dermatology Department, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Heng Wei
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Nicholas Ho
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Maggie Yuk Ting Lee
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Hao-Wen Sim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent’s Hospital, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Joanne Sy
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Brindha Shivalingam
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
| | - Michael Edward Buckland
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
| | - Kimberley Louise Alexander-Kaufman
- Neurosurgery Department, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (S.H.); (B.S.)
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, Australia; (H.W.); (N.H.); (M.Y.T.L.); (M.E.B.)
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Neuropathology Department, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown 2050, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8514-0675
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22
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Corrêa T, Poswar F, Feltes BC, Riegel M. Candidate Genes Associated With Neurological Findings in a Patient With Trisomy 4p16.3 and Monosomy 5p15.2. Front Genet 2020; 11:561. [PMID: 32625234 PMCID: PMC7311770 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we present a patient with brain alterations and dysmorphic features associated with chromosome duplication seen in 4p16.3 region and chromosomal deletion in a critical region responsible for Cri-du-chat syndrome (CdCS). Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) revealed a 41.1 Mb duplication encompassing the band region 4p16.3-p13, and a 14.7 Mb deletion located between the bands 5p15.33 and p15.1. The patient's clinical findings overlap with previously reported cases of chromosome 4p duplication syndrome and CdCS. The patient's symptoms are notably similar to those of CdCS patients as she presented with a weak, high-pitched voice and showed a similar pathogenicity observed in the brain MRI. These contiguous gene syndromes present with distinct clinical manifestations. However, the phenotypic and cytogenetic variability in affected individuals, such as the low frequency and the large genomic regions that can be altered, make it challenging to identify candidate genes that contribute to the pathogenesis of these syndromes. Therefore, systems biology and CMA techniques were used to investigate the extent of chromosome rearrangement on critical regions in our patient's phenotype. We identified the candidate genes PPARGC1A, CTBP1, TRIO, TERT, and CCT5 that are associated with the neuropsychomotor delay, microcephaly, and neurological alterations found in our patient. Through investigating pathways that associate with essential nodes in the protein interaction network, we discovered proteins involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation, as well as proteins involved in the formation and disposition of the cytoskeleton. The combination of our cytogenomic and bioinformatic analysis provided these possible explanations for the unique clinical phenotype, which has not yet been described in scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Corrêa
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Poswar
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno César Feltes
- Department of Theoritical Informatics, Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Riegel
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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23
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Grantham J. The Molecular Chaperone CCT/TRiC: An Essential Component of Proteostasis and a Potential Modulator of Protein Aggregation. Front Genet 2020; 11:172. [PMID: 32265978 PMCID: PMC7096549 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 (CCT) or tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring complex (TRiC) is an essential eukaryotic molecular chaperone. It is a multi-subunit oligomer of two rings of eight individual protein subunits. When assembled, each of the eight CCT subunits occupies a specific position within each chaperonin ring. Thus a geometrically defined binding interface is formed from the divergent sequences within the CCT subunit substrate binding domains. CCT is required for the folding of the abundant cytoskeletal proteins actin and tubulin, which in turn form assemblies of microfilaments and microtubules. CCT is also involved in the folding of some additional protein substrates and some CCT subunits have been shown to have functions when monomeric. Since observations were made in worms over a decade ago using an RNAi screen, which connected CCT subunits to the aggregation of polyglutamine tracts, a role for CCT as a potential modulator of protein aggregation has started to emerge. Here there will be a focus on how mechanistically CCT may be able to achieve this and if this potential function of CCT provides any insights and directions for developing future treatments for protein aggregation driven neurodegenerative diseases generally, many of which are associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Grantham
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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24
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Hallal S, Russell BP, Wei H, Lee MYT, Toon CW, Sy J, Shivalingam B, Buckland ME, Kaufman KL. Extracellular Vesicles from Neurosurgical Aspirates Identifies Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 6A as a Potential Glioblastoma Biomarker with Prognostic Significance. Proteomics 2020; 19:e1800157. [PMID: 30451371 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, WHO-grade IV glioma, carries a dismal prognosis owing to its infiltrative growth and limited treatment options. Glioblastoma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs; 30-1000 nm membranous particles) influence the microenvironment to mediate tumor aggressiveness and carry oncogenic cargo across the blood-brain barrier into the circulation. As such, EVs are biomarker reservoirs with enormous potential for assessing glioblastoma tumors in situ. Neurosurgical aspirates are rich sources of EVs, isolated directly from glioma microenvironments. EV proteomes enriched from glioblastoma (n = 15) and glioma grade II-III (n = 7) aspirates are compared and 298 differentially-abundant proteins (p-value < 0.00496) are identified using quantitative LC-MS/MS. Along with previously reported glioblastoma-associated biomarkers, levels of all eight subunits of the key molecular chaperone, T-complex protein 1 Ring complex (TRiC), are higher in glioblastoma-EVs, including CCT2, CCT3, CCT5, CCT6A, CCT7, and TCP1 (p < 0.00496). Analogous increases in TRiC transcript levels and DNA copy numbers are detected in silico; CCT6A has the greatest induction of expression and amplification in glioblastoma and shows a negative association with survival (p = 0.006). CCT6A is co-localized with EGFR at 7p11.2, with a strong tendency for co-amplification (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry corroborates the CCT6A proteomics measurements and indicated a potential link between EGFR and CCT6A tissue expression. Putative EV-biomarkers described here should be further assessed in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Hallal
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Heng Wei
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Maggie Yuk T Lee
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Joanne Sy
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brindha Shivalingam
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael E Buckland
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberley L Kaufman
- Brainstorm Brain Cancer Research, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Neuropathology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Zatyka M, Sarkar S, Barrett T. Autophagy in Rare (NonLysosomal) Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2735-2753. [PMID: 32087199 PMCID: PMC7232014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) comprise conditions with impaired neuronal function and loss and may be associated with a build-up of aggregated proteins with altered physicochemical properties (misfolded proteins). There are many disorders, and causes include gene mutations, infections, or exposure to toxins. The autophagy pathway is involved in the removal of unwanted proteins and organelles through lysosomes. While lysosomal storage disorders have been described for many years, it is now recognised that perturbations of the autophagy pathway itself can also lead to neurodegenerative disease. These include monogenic disorders of key proteins involved in the autophagy pathway, and disorders within pathways that critically control autophagy through monitoring of the supply of nutrients (mTORC1 pathway) or of energy supply in cells (AMPK pathway). This review focuses on childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorders with perturbed autophagy, due to defects in the autophagy pathway, or in upstream signalling via mTORC1 and AMPK. The review first provides a short description of autophagy, as related to neurons. It then examines the extended role of autophagy in neuronal function, plasticity, and memory. There follows a description of each step of the autophagy pathway in greater detail, illustrated with examples of diseases grouped by the stage of their perturbation of the pathway. Each disease is accompanied by a short clinical description, to illustrate the diversity but also the overlap of symptoms caused by perturbation of key proteins necessary for the proper functioning of autophagy. Finally, there is a consideration of current challenges that need addressing for future therapeutic advances. Autophagy is an important pathway for the removal of misfolded proteins from terminally differentiated neurons. Monogenic defects in autophagy cause childhood-onset neurodegeneration. Defects in different stages of the pathway may present with overlapping clinical features. Increasing autophagic flux may be a therapeutic strategy to treat many autophagic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Zatyka
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Timothy Barrett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Endocrinology, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK.
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26
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Macario AJ, de Macario EC. Molecular mechanisms in chaperonopathies: clues to understanding the histopathological abnormalities and developing novel therapies. J Pathol 2019; 250:9-18. [PMID: 31579936 DOI: 10.1002/path.5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins (Hsps), are components of the chaperoning system and when defective can cause disease, the chaperonopathies. Chaperone-gene variants cause genetic chaperonopathies, whereas in the acquired chaperonopathies the genes are normal, but their protein products are not, due to aberrant post-transcriptional mechanisms, e.g. post-translational modifications (PTMs). Since the chaperoning system is widespread in the body, chaperonopathies affect various tissues and organs, making these diseases of interest to a wide range of medical specialties. Genetic chaperonopathies are uncommon but the acquired ones are frequent, encompassing various types of cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The clinical picture of chaperonopathies is known. Much less is known on the impact that pathogenic mutations and PTMs have on the properties and functions of chaperone molecules. Elucidation of these molecular alterations is necessary for understanding the mechanisms underpinning the tissue and organ abnormalities occurring in patients. To illustrate this issue, we discuss structural-functional alterations caused by mutation in the chaperones CCT5 and HSPA9, and PTM effects on Hsp60. The data provide insights into what may happen when CCT5 and HSPA9 malfunction in patients, e.g. accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates with tissue destruction; or for Hsp60 with aberrant PTM, degradation and/or secretion of the chaperonin with mitochondrial damage. These and other possibilities are now open for investigation. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Jl Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
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27
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Scalia F, Marino Gammazza A, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL, Cappello F. Myelin Pathology: Involvement of Molecular Chaperones and the Promise of Chaperonotherapy. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110297. [PMID: 31671529 PMCID: PMC6896170 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of axon myelination involves various proteins including molecular chaperones. Myelin alteration is a common feature in neurological diseases due to structural and functional abnormalities of one or more myelin proteins. Genetic proteinopathies may occur either in the presence of a normal chaperoning system, which is unable to assist the defective myelin protein in its folding and migration, or due to mutations in chaperone genes, leading to functional defects in assisting myelin maturation/migration. The latter are a subgroup of genetic chaperonopathies causing demyelination. In this brief review, we describe some paradigmatic examples pertaining to the chaperonins Hsp60 (HSPD1, or HSP60, or Cpn60) and CCT (chaperonin-containing TCP-1). Our aim is to make scientists and physicians aware of the possibility and advantages of classifying patients depending on the presence or absence of a chaperonopathy. In turn, this subclassification will allow the development of novel therapeutic strategies (chaperonotherapy) by using molecular chaperones as agents or targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scalia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy.
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28
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Hannich JT, Haribowo AG, Gentina S, Paillard M, Gomez L, Pillot B, Thibault H, Abegg D, Guex N, Zumbuehl A, Adibekian A, Ovize M, Martinou JC, Riezman H. 1-Deoxydihydroceramide causes anoxic death by impairing chaperonin-mediated protein folding. Nat Metab 2019; 1:996-1008. [PMID: 32694842 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease and stroke are the most common causes of death worldwide. Anoxia, defined as the lack of oxygen, is commonly seen in both these pathologies and triggers profound metabolic and cellular changes. Sphingolipids have been implicated in anoxia injury, but the pathomechanism is unknown. Here we show that anoxia-associated injury causes accumulation of the non-canonical sphingolipid 1-deoxydihydroceramide (DoxDHCer). Anoxia causes an imbalance between serine and alanine resulting in a switch from normal serine-derived sphinganine biosynthesis to non-canonical alanine-derived 1-deoxysphinganine. 1-Deoxysphinganine is incorporated into DoxDHCer, which impairs actin folding via the cytosolic chaperonin TRiC, leading to growth arrest in yeast, increased cell death upon anoxia-reoxygenation in worms and ischaemia-reperfusion injury in mouse hearts. Prevention of DoxDHCer accumulation in worms and in mouse hearts resulted in decreased anoxia-induced injury. These findings unravel key metabolic changes during oxygen deprivation and point to novel strategies to avoid tissue damage and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thomas Hannich
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology", Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Galih Haribowo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology", Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Gentina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Paillard
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Ludovic Gomez
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Bruno Pillot
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Hélène Thibault
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Nicolas Guex
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Zumbuehl
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology", Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Ovize
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron, France
| | | | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Chemical Biology", Geneva, Switzerland.
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29
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Berger J, Berger S, Li M, Jacoby AS, Arner A, Bavi N, Stewart AG, Currie PD. In Vivo Function of the Chaperonin TRiC in α-Actin Folding during Sarcomere Assembly. Cell Rep 2019; 22:313-322. [PMID: 29320728 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TCP-1 ring complex (TRiC) is a multi-subunit group II chaperonin that assists nascent or misfolded proteins to attain their native conformation in an ATP-dependent manner. Functional studies in yeast have suggested that TRiC is an essential and generalized component of the protein-folding machinery of eukaryotic cells. However, TRiC's involvement in specific cellular processes within multicellular organisms is largely unknown because little validation of TRiC function exists in animals. Our in vivo analysis reveals a surprisingly specific role of TRiC in the biogenesis of skeletal muscle α-actin during sarcomere assembly in myofibers. TRiC acts at the sarcomere's Z-disk, where it is required for efficient assembly of actin thin filaments. Binding of ATP specifically by the TRiC subunit Cct5 is required for efficient actin folding in vivo. Furthermore, mutant α-actin isoforms that result in nemaline myopathy in patients obtain their pathogenic conformation via this function of TRiC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Victoria Node, EMBL Australia, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Silke Berger
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Victoria Node, EMBL Australia, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mei Li
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Victoria Node, EMBL Australia, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arie S Jacoby
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Victoria Node, EMBL Australia, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Navid Bavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Peter D Currie
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Victoria Node, EMBL Australia, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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30
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Zhu Y, Runwal G, Obrocki P, Rubinsztein DC. Autophagy in childhood neurological disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:639-645. [PMID: 30417343 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a tightly modulated lysosomal degradation pathway. Genetic disorders of autophagy during nervous system development may lead to developmental delay, neurodegeneration, and other neurological signs in children. Here we aimed to summarize single gene disorders that perturb various steps of autophagy pathway and their roles in the causation of childhood neurological diseases. Numerous childhood-onset disorders are caused by mutations that impact the autophagy pathway. These can manifest with a range of features including ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and intellectual disability. Defective proteins causing such diseases can interfere with autophagy flux at different stages of the itinerary. Defective autophagy may be an important contributor to the pathological features of various childhood neurodegenerative diseases and lead to the accumulation of aberrant protein and dysfunctional organelles. Insights into the relevant cell biological processes may help understand pathophysiological mechanisms and inspire autophagy-restoring therapeutic approaches. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Numerous childhood-onset disorders are caused by mutations that impact the autophagy pathway. Defective autophagy is a feature of some mutations that cause ataxia, spastic paraplegia, and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gautam Runwal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pawel Obrocki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Wellcome Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Corrêa T, Feltes BC, Riegel M. Integrated analysis of the critical region 5p15.3-p15.2 associated with cri-du-chat syndrome. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 42:186-196. [PMID: 30985858 PMCID: PMC6687350 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cri-du-chat syndrome (CdCs) is one of the most common contiguous gene syndromes, with an incidence of 1:15,000 to 1:50,000 live births. To better understand the etiology of CdCs at the molecular level, we investigated theprotein-protein interaction (PPI) network within the critical chromosomal region 5p15.3-p15.2 associated with CdCs using systemsbiology. Data were extracted from cytogenomic findings from patients with CdCs. Based on clinical findings, molecular characterization of chromosomal rearrangements, and systems biology data, we explored possible genotype-phenotype correlations involving biological processes connected with CdCs candidate genes. We identified biological processes involving genes previously found to be associated with CdCs, such as TERT, SLC6A3, and CTDNND2, as well as novel candidate proteins with potential contributions to CdCs phenotypes, including CCT5, TPPP, MED10, ADCY2, MTRR, CEP72, NDUFS6, and MRPL36. Although further functional analyses of these proteins are required, we identified candidate proteins for the development of new multi-target genetic editing tools to study CdCs. Further research may confirm those that are directly involved in the development of CdCs phenotypes and improve our understanding of CdCs-associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Corrêa
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno César Feltes
- Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande
do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariluce Riegel
- Post-Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto
Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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32
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Canine neuropathies: powerful spontaneous models for human hereditary sensory neuropathies. Hum Genet 2019; 138:455-466. [PMID: 30955094 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans, hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN), constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive sensory loss, often accompanied by chronic skin ulcerations and nail dystrophic changes. To date, although around 20 genes have already been discovered, they do not explain the genetic causes of all patients. In dogs, similar neuropathies are also diagnosed, several breeds being predisposed to specific forms of the disease. Indeed, the breed specificity of most canine genetic diseases is due to the small numbers of founders and high levels of inbreeding. Recent knowledge and tools developed to study the canine genome efficiently allows deciphering the genetic bases of such diseases. To date, a dozen breeds are recognized to develop specific HSN. For the Border collie and hunting dog breeds, the genes involved have recently been discovered. Other affected breeds thus constitute potential genetic models, with new genes to be found in dogs that can be considered as candidate genes for human HSAN/HSN. Here, we review the different forms of human and canine HSAN/HSN and we present a novel form in Fox terrier cases, highlighting the advantages of the dog model for such rare human diseases.
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33
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Conway de Macario E, Yohda M, Macario AJL, Robb FT. Bridging human chaperonopathies and microbial chaperonins. Commun Biol 2019; 2:103. [PMID: 30911678 PMCID: PMC6420498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperonins are molecular chaperones that play critical physiological roles, but they can be pathogenic. Malfunctional chaperonins cause chaperonopathies of great interest within various medical specialties. Although the clinical-genetic aspects of many chaperonopathies are known, the molecular mechanisms causing chaperonin failure and tissue lesions are poorly understood. Progress is necessary to improve treatment, and experimental models that mimic the human situation provide a promising solution. We present two models: one prokaryotic (the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus) with eukaryotic-like chaperonins and one eukaryotic (Chaetomium thermophilum), both convenient for isolation-study of chaperonins, and report illustrative results pertaining to a pathogenic mutation of CCT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Masafumi Yohda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei, Tokyo Japan
| | - Alberto J. L. Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Frank T. Robb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD USA
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34
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Young RM, Hawkins TA, Cavodeassi F, Stickney HL, Schwarz Q, Lawrence LM, Wierzbicki C, Cheng BYL, Luo J, Ambrosio EM, Klosner A, Sealy IM, Rowell J, Trivedi CA, Bianco IH, Allende ML, Busch-Nentwich EM, Gestri G, Wilson SW. Compensatory growth renders Tcf7l1a dispensable for eye formation despite its requirement in eye field specification. eLife 2019; 8:e40093. [PMID: 30777146 PMCID: PMC6380838 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate eye originates from the eye field, a domain of cells specified by a small number of transcription factors. In this study, we show that Tcf7l1a is one such transcription factor that acts cell-autonomously to specify the eye field in zebrafish. Despite the much-reduced eye field in tcf7l1a mutants, these fish develop normal eyes revealing a striking ability of the eye to recover from a severe early phenotype. This robustness is not mediated through genetic compensation at neural plate stage; instead, the smaller optic vesicle of tcf7l1a mutants shows delayed neurogenesis and continues to grow until it achieves approximately normal size. Although the developing eye is robust to the lack of Tcf7l1a function, it is sensitised to the effects of additional mutations. In support of this, a forward genetic screen identified mutations in hesx1, cct5 and gdf6a, which give synthetically enhanced eye specification or growth phenotypes when in combination with the tcf7l1a mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Heather L Stickney
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Claudia Wierzbicki
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Bowie YL Cheng
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jingyuan Luo
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Allison Klosner
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian M Sealy
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Chintan A Trivedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Isaac H Bianco
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome RegulationFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Sanger InstituteWellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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35
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Bulone D, San Biagio PL, Quiñones-Ruiz T, Rosario-Alomar M, Lednev IK, Robb FT, Conway de Macario E, Macario AJL. A Multipronged Method for Unveiling Subtle Structural-Functional Defects of Mutant Chaperone Molecules Causing Human Chaperonopathies. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1873:69-92. [PMID: 30341604 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8820-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chaperonopathies are diseases in which abnormal chaperones play an etiopathogenic role. A chaperone is mutated or otherwise abnormal (e.g., modified by an aberrant posttranslational modification) in structure/function. To understand the pathogenic mechanisms of chaperonopathies, it is necessary to elucidate the impact of the pathogenic mutation or posttranslational modification on the chaperone molecule's properties and functions. This impact is usually subtle because if it were more than subtle the overall effect on the cell and organism would be catastrophic, lethal. This is because most chaperones are essential for life and, if damaged in structure/function too strongly, there would be death of the cell/organism, and no phenotype, i.e., there would be no patients with chaperonopathies. Consequently, diagnostic procedures and analysis of defects of the abnormal chaperones require a multipronged method for assessing the chaperone molecule from various angles. Here, we present such a method that includes assessing the intrinsic properties and the chaperoning functions of chaperone molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Bulone
- Institute of Biophysics, SL Palermo, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Igor K Lednev
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Frank T Robb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, USA
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore-Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.
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36
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Abstract
The eukaryotic group II chaperonin TRiC/CCT assists the folding of 10% of cytosolic proteins including many key structural and regulatory proteins. TRiC plays an essential role in maintaining protein homeostasis, and dysfunction of TRiC is closely related to human diseases including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. TRiC consists of eight paralogous subunits, each of which plays a specific role in the assembly, allosteric cooperativity, and substrate recognition and folding of this complex macromolecular machine. TRiC-mediated substrate folding is regulated through its ATP-driven conformational changes. In recent years, progresses have been made on the structure, subunit arrangement, conformational cycle, and substrate folding of TRiC. Additionally, accumulating evidences also demonstrate the linkage between TRiC oligomer or monomer and diseases. In this review, we focus on the TRiC structure itself, TRiC assisted substrate folding, TRiC and disease, and the potential therapeutic application of TRiC in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Jin
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixuan Liu
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Han
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Cong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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37
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Exome Sequencing: Mutilating Sensory Neuropathy with Spastic Paraplegia due to a Mutation in FAM134B Gene. Case Rep Genet 2018; 2018:9468049. [PMID: 30643655 PMCID: PMC6311306 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9468049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders involving various sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. The most common symptoms of HSANs include loss of sensations of pain and temperature that frequently lead to chronic ulcerations in the feet and hands of the patient. In this case study, we present the clinical features and genetic characteristics of two affected individuals from two unrelated Saudi families presenting mutilating sensory loss and spastic paraplegia. We employed homozygosity mapping and exome sequencing which is an efficient strategy to characterize the recessive genes, thus obtaining a rapid molecular diagnosis for genetically heterogeneous disorders like HSAN. Subsequently, a nonsense mutation (c.926 C>G; p.S309⁎) in FAM134B was identified. In addition, we confirmed that the mutant FAM134B transcripts were reduced in these patients presumably disrupting the receptors of the degradative endoplasmic reticulum pathways that facilitate the autophagy processes.
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38
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Osinalde N, Duarri A, Ramirez J, Barrio R, Perez de Nanclares G, Mayor U. Impaired proteostasis in rare neurological diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 93:164-177. [PMID: 30355526 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rare diseases are classified as such when their prevalence is 1:2000 or lower, but even if each of them is so infrequent, altogether more than 300 million people in the world suffer one of the ∼7000 diseases considered as rare. Over 1200 of these disorders are known to affect the brain or other parts of our nervous system, and their symptoms can affect cognition, motor function and/or social interaction of the patients; we refer collectively to them as rare neurological disorders or RNDs. We have focused this review on RNDs known to have compromised protein homeostasis pathways. Proteostasis can be regulated and/or altered by a chain of cellular mechanisms, from protein synthesis and folding, to aggregation and degradation. Overall, we provide a list comprised of above 215 genes responsible for causing more than 170 distinct RNDs, deepening on some representative diseases, including as well a clinical view of how those diseases are diagnosed and dealt with. Additionally, we review existing methodologies for diagnosis and treatment, discussing the potential of specific deubiquitinating enzyme inhibition as a future therapeutic avenue for RNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Osinalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Anna Duarri
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juanma Ramirez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Functional Genomics Unit, CIC bioGUNE, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, BioAraba National Health Institute, Hospital Universitario Araba-Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain
| | - Ugo Mayor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
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39
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Chen XQ, Fang F, Florio JB, Rockenstein E, Masliah E, Mobley WC, Rissman RA, Wu C. T-complex protein 1-ring complex enhances retrograde axonal transport by modulating tau phosphorylation. Traffic 2018; 19:840-853. [PMID: 30120810 PMCID: PMC6191364 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic chaperonin T-complex protein (TCP) 1-ring complex (TRiC) has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects on axonal transport through clearance of mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) in Huntington's disease. However, it is presently unknown if TRiC also has any effect on axonal transport in wild-type neurons. Here, we examined how TRiC impacted the retrograde axonal transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We found that expression of a single TRiC subunit significantly enhanced axonal transport of BDNF, leading to an increase in instantaneous velocity with a concomitant decrease in pauses for retrograde BDNF transport. The transport enhancing effect by TRiC was dependent on endogenous tau expression because no effect was seen in neurons from tau knockout mice. We showed that TRiC regulated the level of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)/p35 positively, contributing to TRiC-mediated tau phosphorylation (ptau). Expression of a single TRiC subunit increased the level of ptau while downregulation of the TRiC complex decreased ptau. We further demonstrated that TRiC-mediated increase in ptau induced detachment of tau from microtubules. Our study has thus revealed that TRiC-mediated increase in tau phosphorylation impacts retrograde axonal transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qiao Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jazmin B. Florio
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Chengbiao Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
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40
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The structure and evolution of eukaryotic chaperonin-containing TCP-1 and its mechanism that folds actin into a protein spring. Biochem J 2018; 475:3009-3034. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Actin is folded to its native state in eukaryotic cytosol by the sequential allosteric mechanism of the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT). The CCT machine is a double-ring ATPase built from eight related subunits, CCT1–CCT8. Non-native actin interacts with specific subunits and is annealed slowly through sequential binding and hydrolysis of ATP around and across the ring system. CCT releases a folded but soft ATP-G-actin monomer which is trapped 80 kJ/mol uphill on the folding energy surface by its ATP-Mg2+/Ca2+ clasp. The energy landscape can be re-explored in the actin filament, F-actin, because ATP hydrolysis produces dehydrated and more compact ADP-actin monomers which, upon application of force and strain, are opened and closed like the elements of a spring. Actin-based myosin motor systems underpin a multitude of force generation processes in cells and muscles. We propose that the water surface of F-actin acts as a low-binding energy, directional waveguide which is recognized specifically by the myosin lever-arm domain before the system engages to form the tight-binding actomyosin complex. Such a water-mediated recognition process between actin and myosin would enable symmetry breaking through fast, low energy initial binding events. The origin of chaperonins and the subsequent emergence of the CCT–actin system in LECA (last eukaryotic common ancestor) point to the critical role of CCT in facilitating phagocytosis during early eukaryotic evolution and the transition from the bacterial world. The coupling of CCT-folding fluxes to the cell cycle, cell size control networks and cancer are discussed together with directions for further research.
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Rossor AM, Carr AS, Devine H, Chandrashekar H, Pelayo-Negro AL, Pareyson D, Shy ME, Scherer SS, Reilly MM. Peripheral neuropathy in complex inherited diseases: an approach to diagnosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:846-863. [PMID: 28794150 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-313960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common finding in patients with complex inherited neurological diseases and may be subclinical or a major component of the phenotype. This review aims to provide a clinical approach to the diagnosis of this complex group of patients by addressing key questions including the predominant neurological syndrome associated with the neuropathy, for example, spasticity, the type of neuropathy and the other neurological and non-neurological features of the syndrome. Priority is given to the diagnosis of treatable conditions. Using this approach, we associated neuropathy with one of three major syndromic categories: (1) ataxia, (2) spasticity and (3) global neurodevelopmental impairment. Syndromes that do not fall easily into one of these three categories can be grouped according to the predominant system involved in addition to the neuropathy, for example, cardiomyopathy and neuropathy. We also include a separate category of complex inherited relapsing neuropathy syndromes, some of which may mimic Guillain-Barré syndrome, as many will have a metabolic aetiology and be potentially treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Rossor
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Aisling S Carr
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Helen Devine
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Hoskote Chandrashekar
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Ana Lara Pelayo-Negro
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Neurological Rare Diseases of Adulthood, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegia comprises a wide and heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from primary retrograde dysfunction of the long descending fibers of the corticospinal tract. Although spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction represent the most common clinical presentation, a complex group of different neurological and systemic compromise has been recognized recently and a growing number of new genetic subtypes were described in the last decade. Clinical characterization of individual and familial history represents the main step during diagnostic workup; however, frequently, few and unspecific data allows a low rate of definite diagnosis based solely in clinical and neuroimaging basis. Likewise, a wide group of neurological acquired and inherited disorders should be included in the differential diagnosis and properly excluded after a complete laboratorial, neuroimaging, and genetic evaluation. The aim of this review article is to provide an extensive overview regarding the main clinical and genetic features of the classical and recently described subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP).
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43
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Spigolon D, Gallagher DT, Velazquez-Campoy A, Bulone D, Narang J, San Biagio PL, Cappello F, Macario AJL, Conway de Macario E, Robb FT. Quantitative analysis of the impact of a human pathogenic mutation on the CCT5 chaperonin subunit using a proxy archaeal ortholog. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:66-71. [PMID: 29552646 PMCID: PMC5851525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human chaperonin complex is a ~ 1 MDa nanomachine composed of two octameric rings formed from eight similar but non-identical subunits called CCT. Here, we are elucidating the mechanism of a heritable CCT5 subunit mutation that causes profound neuropathy in humans. In previous work, we introduced an equivalent mutation in an archaeal chaperonin that assembles into two octameric rings like in humans but in which all subunits are identical. We reported that the hexadecamer formed by the mutant subunit is unstable with impaired chaperoning functions. This study quantifies the loss of structural stability in the hexadecamer due to the pathogenic mutation, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The disassembly of the wild type complex, which is tightly coupled with subunit denaturation, was decoupled by the mutation without affecting the stability of individual subunits. Our results verify the effectiveness of the homo-hexadecameric archaeal chaperonin as a proxy to assess the impact of subtle defects in heterologous systems with mutations in a single subunit. A crippling hereditary neuropathy was addressed at the molecular level. The archaeal/CCT5 model represents a promising testbed for subtle defects. The homomeric archaeal model amplifies the effect of the mutation. The mutation decouples assembly without destabilizing individual subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Spigolon
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA.,Institute of Biophysics, UOS Palermo, National Research Council, Italy.,Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - D Travis Gallagher
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Adrian Velazquez-Campoy
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR and GBsC-CSIC,Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundacion ARAID, Government of Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Donatella Bulone
- Institute of Biophysics, UOS Palermo, National Research Council, Italy
| | - Jatin Narang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Human Anatomy Section, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Everly Conway de Macario
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Frank T Robb
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Baltimore, USA.,Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology (IMET), Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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44
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Nizon M, Küry S, Péréon Y, Besnard T, Quinquis D, Boisseau P, Marsaud T, Magot A, Mussini JM, Mayrargue E, Barbarot S, Bézieau S, Isidor B. ARL6IP1
mutation causes congenital insensitivity to pain, acromutilation and spastic paraplegia. Clin Genet 2017; 93:169-172. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Nizon
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - S. Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - Y. Péréon
- Centre de de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - T. Besnard
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - D. Quinquis
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - P. Boisseau
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - T. Marsaud
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - A. Magot
- Centre de de Référence Maladies Neuromusculaires Nantes-Angers; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - J.-M. Mussini
- Service d'Anatomopathologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - E. Mayrargue
- Service de Chirurgie Infantile; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - S. Barbarot
- Service de Dermatologie; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - S. Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
| | - B. Isidor
- Service de Génétique Médicale; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes; Nantes France
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Abstract
The human chaperonin TRiC consists of eight non-identical subunits, and its protein-folding activity is critical for cellular health. Misfolded proteins are associated with many human diseases, such as amyloid diseases, cancer, and neuropathies, making TRiC a potential therapeutic target. A detailed structural understanding of its ATP-dependent folding mechanism and substrate recognition is therefore of great importance. Of particular health-related interest is the mutation Histidine 147 to Arginine (H147R) in human TRiC subunit 5 (CCT5), which has been associated with hereditary sensory neuropathy. In this paper, we describe the crystal structures of CCT5 and the CCT5-H147R mutant, which provide important structural information for this vital protein-folding machine in humans. This first X-ray crystallographic study of a single human CCT subunit in the context of a hexadecameric complex can be expanded in the future to the other 7 subunits that form the TRiC complex.
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Haidar M, Timmerman V. Autophagy as an Emerging Common Pathomechanism in Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:143. [PMID: 28553203 PMCID: PMC5425483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) comprise a growing list of genetically heterogeneous diseases. With mutations in more than 80 genes being reported to cause IPNs, a wide spectrum of functional consequences is expected to follow this genotypic diversity. Hence, the search for a common pathomechanism among the different phenotypes has become the holy grail of functional research into IPNs. During the last decade, studies on several affected genes have shown a direct and/or indirect correlation with autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process, is required for the removal of cell aggregates, long-lived proteins and dead organelles from the cell in double-membraned vesicles destined for the lysosomes. As an evolutionarily highly conserved process, autophagy is essential for the survival and proper functioning of the cell. Recently, neuronal cells have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to disruption of the autophagic pathway. Furthermore, autophagy has been shown to be affected in various common neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and the peripheral nervous system including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review we provide an overview of the genes involved in hereditary neuropathies which are linked to autophagy and we propose the disruption of the autophagic flux as an emerging common pathomechanism. We also shed light on the different steps of the autophagy pathway linked to these genes. Finally, we review the concept of autophagy being a therapeutic target in IPNs, and the possibilities and challenges of this pathway-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Haidar
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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47
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Xu L, Wang L, Liu J, Ye J, Qiu P, Liu Q. Apoptosis of rat hepatic stellate cells induced by diallyl trisulfide and proteomics profiling in vitro. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:463-473. [PMID: 28177695 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a major garlic derivative, inhibits cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines. However, the effects of DATS on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) remain unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of DATS on cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as the protein expression profile in rat HSCs. Rat HSCs were treated with or without 12 and 24 μg/mL DATS for various time intervals. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assay, bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine; BrdU) assay, Hoechst 33342 staining, electroscopy, and flow cytometry. Protein expression patterns in HSCs were systematically studied using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. DATS inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of HSCs in a time-dependent manner. We observed clear morphological changes in apoptotic HSCs and dramatically increased annexin V-positive - propidium iodide negative apoptosis compared with the untreated control group. Twenty-one significant differentially expressed proteins, including 9 downregulated proteins and 12 upregulated proteins, were identified after DATS administration, and most of them were involved in apoptosis. Our results suggest that DATS is an inducer of apoptosis in HSCs, and several key proteins may be involved in the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by DATS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhang
- a Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- a Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lipeng Xu
- b Institute of New Drug Research and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- c Center of Community Health Services, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- d Department of Digestive System Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Ye
- d Department of Digestive System Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Pengxin Qiu
- e Department of Pharmacology, Zhong-Shan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- f Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang Province, China
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48
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Conway de Macario E, Robb FT, Macario AJL. Prokaryotic Chaperonins as Experimental Models for Elucidating Structure-Function Abnormalities of Human Pathogenic Mutant Counterparts. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 3:84. [PMID: 28119916 PMCID: PMC5220055 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
All archaea have a chaperonin of Group II (thermosome) in their cytoplasm and some have also a chaperonin of Group I (GroEL; Cpn60; Hsp60). Conversely, all bacteria have GroEL, some in various copies, but only a few have, in addition, a chaperonin (tentatively designated Group III chaperonin) very similar to that occurring in all archaea, i.e., the thermosome subunit, and in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells, named CCT. Thus, nature offers a range of prokaryotic organisms that are potentially useful as experimental models to study the human CCT and its abnormalities. This is important because many diseases, the chaperonopathies, have been identified in which abnormal chaperones, including mutant CCT, are determinant etiologic-pathogenic factors and, therefore, research is needed to elucidate their pathologic features at the molecular level. Such research should lead to the clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathologic lesions observed in the tissues and organs of patients with chaperonopathies. Information on these key issues is necessary to make progress in diagnosis and treatment. Some of the archaeal organisms as well as some of the bacterial models suitable for studying molecular aspects pertinent to human mutant chaperones are discussed here, focusing on CCT. Results obtained with the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus model to investigate the impact of a pathogenic CCT5 mutation on molecular properties and chaperoning functions are reviewed. The pathogenic mutation examined weakens the ability of the chaperonin subunit to form stable hexadecamers and as a consequence, the chaperoning functions of the complex are impaired. The future prospect is to find means for stabilizing the hexadecamer, which should lead to a recovering of chaperone function and the improving of lesions and clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everly Conway de Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
| | - Frank T Robb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College ParkRockville, MD, USA
| | - Alberto J L Macario
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, Columbus Center; Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyBaltimore, MD, USA; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and TechnologyPalermo, Italy
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49
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Lyu Z, Whitman WB. Evolution of the archaeal and mammalian information processing systems: towards an archaeal model for human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:183-212. [PMID: 27261368 PMCID: PMC11107668 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current evolutionary models suggest that Eukaryotes originated from within Archaea instead of being a sister lineage. To test this model of ancient evolution, we review recent studies and compare the three major information processing subsystems of replication, transcription and translation in the Archaea and Eukaryotes. Our hypothesis is that if the Eukaryotes arose within the archaeal radiation, their information processing systems will appear to be one of kind and not wholly original. Within the Eukaryotes, the mammalian or human systems are emphasized because of their importance in understanding health. Biochemical as well as genetic studies provide strong evidence for the functional similarity of archaeal homologs to the mammalian information processing system and their dissimilarity to the bacterial systems. In many independent instances, a simple archaeal system is functionally equivalent to more elaborate eukaryotic homologs, suggesting that evolution of complexity is likely an central feature of the eukaryotic information processing system. Because fewer components are often involved, biochemical characterizations of the archaeal systems are often easier to interpret. Similarly, the archaeal cell provides a genetically and metabolically simpler background, enabling convenient studies on the complex information processing system. Therefore, Archaea could serve as a parsimonious and tractable host for studying human diseases that arise in the information processing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lyu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - William B Whitman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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50
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CCT complex restricts neuropathogenic protein aggregation via autophagy. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13821. [PMID: 27929117 PMCID: PMC5155164 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant protein aggregation is controlled by various chaperones, including CCT (chaperonin containing TCP-1)/TCP-1/TRiC. Mutated CCT4/5 subunits cause sensory neuropathy and CCT5 expression is decreased in Alzheimer's disease. Here, we show that CCT integrity is essential for autophagosome degradation in cells or Drosophila and this phenomenon is orchestrated by the actin cytoskeleton. When autophagic flux is reduced by compromise of individual CCT subunits, various disease-relevant autophagy substrates accumulate and aggregate. The aggregation of proteins like mutant huntingtin, ATXN3 or p62 after CCT2/5/7 depletion is predominantly autophagy dependent, and does not further increase with CCT knockdown in autophagy-defective cells/organisms, implying surprisingly that the effect of loss-of-CCT activity on mutant ATXN3 or huntingtin oligomerization/aggregation is primarily a consequence of autophagy inhibition rather than loss of physiological anti-aggregation activity for these proteins. Thus, our findings reveal an essential partnership between two key components of the proteostasis network and implicate autophagy defects in diseases with compromised CCT complex activity.
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