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Recurrence of perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta in sibships: Parsing the risk between parental mosaicism for dominant mutations and autosomal recessive inheritance. Genet Med 2011; 13:125-30. [DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e318202e0f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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2
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CRTAP mutations in lethal and severe osteogenesis imperfecta: the importance of combining biochemical and molecular genetic analysis. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1560-9. [PMID: 19550437 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive lethal and severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is caused by the deficiency of cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP) and prolyl-3-hydroxylase 1 (P3H1) because of CRTAP and LEPRE1 mutations. We analyzed five families in which 10 individuals had a clinical diagnosis of lethal and severe OI with an overmodification of collagen type I on biochemical testing and without a mutation in the collagen type I genes. CRTAP mutations not described earlier were identified in the affected individuals. Although it seems that one important feature of autosomal recessive OI due to CRTAP mutations is the higher consistency of radiological features with OI type II-B/III, differentiation between autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive OI on the basis of clinical, radiological and biochemical investigations proves difficult in the affected individuals reported here. These observations confirm that once a clinical diagnosis of OI has been made in an affected individual, biochemical testing for overmodification of collagen type I should always be combined with molecular genetic analysis of the collagen type I genes. If no mutations in the collagen type I genes are found, additional molecular genetic analysis of the CRTAP and LEPRE1 genes should follow. This approach will allow proper identification of the genetic cause of lethal or severe OI, which is important in providing prenatal diagnosis, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and estimating recurrence risk.
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3
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Prasad R, Basu B, Singh UK, Mishra OP. Osteogenesis imperfecta with partial trisomy 15. BMJ Case Rep 2009; 2009:bcr09.2008.1020. [PMID: 21686500 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.09.2008.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is the most common genetic cause of osteoporosis, which presents as multiple fractures of bone. Mutations in the loci COL1A1 on band 17q21 and COL1A2 on band 7q22 have been reported as the cause in most cases of OI, but partial trisomy 15 has not been reported previously as a possible cause. A 3-month-old child with OI with an unusual association of partial trisomy 15 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajniti Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, 7FF, Kabir Colony, BHU, Varanasi-221005, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Malaspina D, Corcoran C, Fahim C, Berman A, Harkavy-Friedman J, Yale S, Goetz D, Goetz R, Harlap S, Gorman J. Paternal age and sporadic schizophrenia: evidence for de novo mutations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2002; 114:299-303. [PMID: 11920852 PMCID: PMC2982144 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is an etiologically heterogeneous syndrome. It has a strong genetic component and exists in clinically indistinguishable familial and nonfamilial (sporadic) forms. A significant role for de novo genetic mutations in genetic schizophrenia vulnerability is suggested by a strong monotonic increase in schizophrenia risk with advancing paternal age. However, an alternative explanation for the paternal age effect in schizophrenia is that childbearing is delayed in fathers who themselves have genetic schizophrenia vulnerability. In this study, we compared paternal birth ages between patient groups with familial (n = 35) and sporadic (n = 68) patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia from an inpatient schizophrenia research unit. If later age of fathering children is related to having some genetic schizophrenia vulnerability, then paternal birth age should be later in familial schizophrenia cases than in sporadic cases, and any association of father's age and schizophrenia risk in offspring would be a spurious finding, unrelated to etiology. However, if de novo mutations cause sporadic schizophrenia, then patients without a family history of schizophrenia would have older fathers than familial patients. We found that patients without a family history of schizophrenia had significantly older fathers (4.7 years) than familial patients; so later childbirth was not attributable to parental psychiatric illness. These findings support the hypothesis that de novo mutations contribute to the risk for sporadic schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Malaspina
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
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5
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Blumsohn A, McAllion SJ, Paterson CR. Excess paternal age in apparently sporadic osteogenesis imperfecta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 2001; 100:280-6. [PMID: 11343319 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine whether parental age is associated with the occurrence of apparently sporadic osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). We compared parental age and the joint distribution of maternal and paternal age with expected distributions based on statutory birth records for each year and location of birth. The study included patients with OI based in the United Kingdom. The study was restricted to cases born in England, Wales, and Scotland between 1961 and 1998. Subgroup analysis was by clinical type [Sillence et al., 1979: J Med Genet 16:101-116] and apparent mode of inheritance based on pedigree analysis. Of 730 eligible cases, 357 were apparently sporadic. The mean age of fathers at birth of children with apparently sporadic OI was 0.87 years greater than expected (P = 0.010; 95% confidence interval = 0.21 to 1.54 years). The relative risk was 1.62 for fathers in the highest quintile of paternal age compared with fathers in the lowest quintile. The magnitude of the paternal age excess did not differ significantly between Sillence types (analysis of variance P = 0.534). In sporadic cases, paternal age was 0.51 years greater than expected, given maternal age, year, and location of birth (P = 0.033). In contrast, in familial cases, there was no significant paternal age excess, and paternal age was not significantly different from that expected given maternal age. Increased paternal age is a significant risk factor for sporadic OI. This effect is not accounted for by increasing maternal age. The magnitude of the paternal age excess is small in comparison with that in some other autosomal dominant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blumsohn
- Department of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
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6
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Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. Epidemiology of Human Longevity: The Search for Appropriate Methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1089/109454501750225659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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7
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Galera MF, Patrício FRDS, Cernach MCSP, Lederman HM, Brunoni D. Clinical, genetical, radiological, and anatomopathological survey of 17 patients with lethal osteochondrodysplasias. Genet Mol Biol 1998. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47571998000200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seventeen patients thought to have lethal osteochondrodysplasias were evaluated. Diagnosis was established through clinical evaluation, radiological studies and necropsy. Genetic counseling was provided to the affected patient's families. Specific diagnosis was confirmed in 16 cases. Nosologic diagnosis was done through clinical evaluation. However, the most efficient method for verifying the diagnosis was a skeletal radiological study. This fact corroborates the orientation of the International Classification of Osteochondrodysplasias (International Working Group on Constitutional Disease of Bone, 1992) in which a radiological criterion was adopted as the most relevant for classification of osteochondrodysplasias. An anatomopathological study was also done to detect internal anomalies, and was effective in identifying abnormalities in epiphyseal growth plate in a bone fragment study. This method had low specificity, but in two cases it was especially decisive for diagnostic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Decio Brunoni
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina
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8
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PEPIN MELANIE, ATKINSON MARY, STARMAN BARBRAJ, BYERS PETERH. STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES OF PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS FOR OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA: A REVIEW OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR STUDIES COMPLETED IN 129 PREGNANCIES. Prenat Diagn 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199706)17:6<559::aid-pd111>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Thompson EM. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1993; 45:201-6. [PMID: 8456803 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320450210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The main mode of non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is fetal imaging, either by radiography or detailed ultrasonography. Radiography is more of historical interest and ultrasonography is in practice virtually exclusively used for non-invasive second trimester diagnosis of OI. Both methods have also been reported later in pregnancy when diagnosis allows the most appropriate method of delivery to be planned. For example, a caesarean section can be avoided if the fetus is shown to have a form of OI associated with limited survival. Ultrasonography is useful mainly for prenatal diagnosis of the severe forms of OI, especially the perinatally lethal forms (Sillence type II) and to a lesser extent for the severe progressively deforming forms (Sillence types III and III/IV). For the milder varieties of OI (Sillence types I and IV), many cases will be missed by scans. Invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis of OI (principally chorion villous sampling) are used for families with the milder dominant forms of OI and in severe forms of OI in which the actual biochemical or molecular defect in type I collagen is known. Many cases of type II OI and a few of type III have now been reported which were detected by scans before 20 weeks gestation, the earliest being at 15 weeks, for type IIA OI. These include cases not only at genetic risk but also sporadic cases in which scans were done either routinely or for obstetric indications. The ultrasonic abnormalities which are found include reduced echogenicity, multiple fractures, and deformity of the long bones, ribs and skull.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Thompson
- Kennedy-Galton Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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Prockop DJ. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Mutations in collagen genes as a cause of connective-tissue diseases. N Engl J Med 1992; 326:540-6. [PMID: 1732793 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199202203260807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Prockop
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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12
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Cohen-Solal L, Bonaventure J, Maroteaux P. Dominant mutations in familial lethal and severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Hum Genet 1991; 87:297-301. [PMID: 1864604 DOI: 10.1007/bf00200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Four families presenting with familial osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have been studied: 2 with the lethal type II and 2 with the severe type III form. Fibroblasts of the patients, all issue from non-consanguineous parents, produced normal and abnormal alpha(I) chains. These heterozygous mutations differentiate the recurrent forms from homozygous mutations characteristic of autosomal recessive forms. Although the identity of the mutations could not be determined, such recurrence of autosomal dominant OI is probably the result of germinal mosaicism in one of the parents. Biochemical results were consistent with a somatic mosaicism in the father's fibroblasts in one family. Moreover, our studies show that not only OI type II but also severe OI type III can arise from gonadal mosaicism. We discuss the importance of such a phenomenon for genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cohen-Solal
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie, URA 584 CNRS, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
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Lynch JR, Ogilvie D, Priestley L, Baigrie C, Smith R, Farndon P, Sykes B. Prenatal diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta by identification of the concordant collagen 1 allele. J Med Genet 1991; 28:145-50. [PMID: 2051450 PMCID: PMC1016794 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.28.3.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dominantly inherited osteogenesis imperfecta is consistently linked to the two loci encoding the alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits of collagen 1, the predominant bone collagen. We have performed several prenatal diagnoses based on identification of the segregating allele at the concordant locus in chorionic villus samples both in families where the linkage can be independently shown and in those where it cannot. Especially in the latter category, calculation of the final risk must incorporate an estimate of genetic heterogeneity within the OI population to give a prior probability of linkage. This figure can then be modified for each family by additional information from concordant meioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lynch
- University of Oxford, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington
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Constantine G, McCormack J, McHugo J, Fowlie A. Prenatal diagnosis of severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Prenat Diagn 1991; 11:103-10. [PMID: 2062815 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1970110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ultrasound findings in a series of 15 prenatally diagnosed cases of severe osteogenesis imperfecta types IIA, IIB, IIC, and III are described, eleven being detected on routine scans of women with no relevant history. As most cases of osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA are dominant sporadic mutations, the importance of prenatal diagnosis during routine scanning at a local level is emphasized. In addition to characteristic broad, shortened and fractured long bones, striking features of the chest and head are highlighted which may be encountered during a routine scan, prompting further assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Constantine
- Birmingham Maternity Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham, U.K
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15
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Herman TE, McAlister WH. Inherited Diseases of Bone Density in Children. Radiol Clin North Am 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0033-8389(22)02684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Mottes M, Cugola L, Cappello N, Pignatti PF. Segregation analysis of dominant osteogenesis imperfecta in Italy. J Med Genet 1990; 27:367-70. [PMID: 1972760 PMCID: PMC1017133 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.27.6.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have performed linkage analysis in seven Italian families, in which mild osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) segregated as a dominant trait, by means of six DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of type I collagen genes. OI type I was linked to the alpha 1(I) gene (COL1A1) in two families, and to the alpha 2(I) gene (COL1A2) in one family. OI type IV segregated with COL1A2 in two families. In two OI type I families, the molecular genetic data were insufficient for exclusion of one gene. Four DNA polymorphisms were particularly informative for cosegregation analysis of OI in Italian kindreds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mottes
- Istituto di Scienze Biologische, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Verona, Italy
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Grange DK, Lewis MB, Marini JC. Analysis of cultured chorionic villi in a case of osteogenesis imperfecta type II: implications for prenatal diagnosis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1990; 36:258-64. [PMID: 2368816 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320360223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We examined collagens produced by cultured cells from skin, chorionic villi, and placental membranes of a 32 week fetus with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) type II. We observed that skin fibroblasts synthesized two populations of pro alpha 1(I) chains of type I procollagen; one population was normal, while the other population had excessive post-translational modification. The thermal stability of helices containing the overmodified chains was reduced 1-2 degrees C. Most significantly, the cells cultured from chorionic villi produced type I collagen chains with the same electrophoretic abnormalities as the skin collagen. This suggests that chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a means of prenatal diagnosis for families with a previous type II or type IV OI infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Grange
- Unit on Connective Tissue Disorders, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892
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18
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Cohn DH, Starman BJ, Blumberg B, Byers PH. Recurrence of lethal osteogenesis imperfecta due to parental mosaicism for a dominant mutation in a human type I collagen gene (COL1A1). Am J Hum Genet 1990; 46:591-601. [PMID: 2309707 PMCID: PMC1683617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have determined that two infants with perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta in one family had the same new dominant point mutation. Although not detected in his dermal fibroblast DNA, the mutation was detected in somatic DNA from the father's hair root bulbs and lymphocytes. The mutation was also detected in the father's sperm, demonstrating that mosaicism in the father's germ line explains recurrence. The presence of both germ-line and somatic mosaicism indicates that the mutation occurred prior to segregation of the germ-line and somatic cell progenitors. About one in eight sperm carry the mutation, which implies that at least four progenitor cells populate the germ line in human males. The observation that the mosaic individual is clinically normal suggests that genetic diseases can have both qualitative and quantitative components.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Cohn
- Division of Medical Genetics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
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Byers PH, Bonadio JF, Cohn DH, Starman BJ, Wenstrup RJ, Willing MC. Osteogenesis imperfecta: the molecular basis of clinical heterogeneity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 543:117-28. [PMID: 3063158 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb55324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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20
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Beighton P, Wallis G, Viljoen D, Versfeld G. Osteogenesis imperfecta in Southern Africa. Diagnostic categorisation and biomolecular findings. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 543:40-6. [PMID: 3214052 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb55314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Beighton
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Cape Town Medical School, South Africa
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21
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Thompson EM, Young ID, Hall CM, Pembrey ME. Genetic counselling in perinatally lethal and severe progressively deforming osteogenesis imperfecta. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 543:142-56. [PMID: 3214049 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb55327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Thompson
- Department of Paediatric Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Steinmann B, Superti-Furga A, Royce PM. Imperfect collagenesis in osteogenesis imperfecta. The consequences of cysteine-glycine substitutions upon collagen structure and metabolism. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 543:47-61. [PMID: 3063164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb55315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Steinmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Royce PM, Blumberg A, Zurbrügg RP, Zimmermann A, Colombo JP, Steinmann B. Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta: abnormal collagen metabolism and biochemical characteristics of hypophosphatasia. Eur J Pediatr 1988; 147:626-31. [PMID: 3181205 DOI: 10.1007/bf00442478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have examined collagen from a patient with the rare type IIC form of perinatally lethal osteogenesis imperfecta, in whom biochemical characteristics of hypophosphatasia were also apparent. In addition to normal alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains, there were chains overmodified along their lengths. Unexpectedly, the thermal stability of molecules containing these chains was normal. This suggests the existence of a structural mutation causing delayed triple helix formation, situated in either the alpha 1(I) or alpha 2(I) C-terminal propeptide. Since collagen synthesised by fibroblasts from each of the patient's parents was normal, the mutation was probably newly arising and dominant. In contrast to other reported cases of lethal osteogenesis imperfecta, not only was the secretion of collagen by cultured fibroblasts considerably retarded, but that of non-collagenous proteins was also severely impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Royce
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Abstract
Major advances have occurred in the classification of OI and in the definition of underlying molecular defects. A clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of OI and of the relationships between the phenotypes and genotypes should emerge. The study of induced mutations in selected regions of the collagen genes with expression in cultured cells or transgenic mice should hasten this process. These advances will also provide a basis for studies into the large number of other genetically determined connective tissue disorders that are grouped together as the skeletal dysplasias. The results of recent studies in OI are providing a unique insight into many aspects of collagen and connective tissue biochemistry, physiology and pathology.
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Byers PH, Tsipouras P, Bonadio JF, Starman BJ, Schwartz RC. Perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI type II): a biochemically heterogeneous disorder usually due to new mutations in the genes for type I collagen. Am J Hum Genet 1988; 42:237-48. [PMID: 3341380 PMCID: PMC1715253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To resolve uncertainty concerning the inheritance of the perinatal lethal form of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI type II), we collected family data and radiographs for 71 probands and analyzed the collagens synthesized by dermal fibroblastic cells cultured from 43 of the probands, 19 parental pairs, and single parents of each of four additional probands. In 65 families for which there were complete data on sibship size, there was recurrence of the OI type II phenotype in five families such that six (8.6%) of 70 sibs were affected. In two families with recurrence, the radiographic phenotype was milder than that for the remainder; and one of those families was consanguinous, suggesting autosomal recessive inheritance. In the remaining three families there was no evidence of consanguinity, but in one of them the structure was compatible with gonadal mosaicism in the mother. In studies of collagens synthesized by cells from 43 infants, we identified two probands with separate rearrangements in an allele of one of the genes of type I collagen; but in the rest there were subtle mutations that disrupted the normal triple-helix structure of type I collagen molecules. In two probands we identified de novo mutations; in 16 additional families cells from the parents made only normal collagens, compatible with new mutations in their offsprings. These findings indicate that the OI type II phenotype is biochemically heterogeneous, that the majority result from new dominant mutations in the genes encoding type I collagen, and that some recurrences can be accounted for by gonadal mosaicism in one of the parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Byers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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van der Harten HJ, Brons JT, Dijkstra PF, Meijer CJ, van Geijn HP, Arts NF, Niermeijer MF. Perinatal lethal osteogenesis imperfecta: radiologic and pathologic evaluation of seven prenatally diagnosed cases. PEDIATRIC PATHOLOGY 1988; 8:233-52. [PMID: 3050913 DOI: 10.3109/15513818809042968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The radiologic and pathologic characteristics of 7 cases of lethal osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound in the 15th to 34th week, are described. They include four variants of the Sillence classification: types IIA, IIB, IIC, and type III. The radiologic criteria that differentiate these types of OI are described. The histopathology of the bones differed only slightly in types IIA, IIB, and III; OI type IIC, however, differed markedly from the other types.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J van der Harten
- Department of Pathology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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