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Hora S, Asad M, Jain SK, Katare DP. Identification of potential targets with high centrality indicated by diethylnitrosamine + thioacetamide-induced hepatocellular carcinoma model. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1081-1092. [PMID: 34528568 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_948_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary liver malignancy, represents a continuous challenge to clinicians as it is a leading cause of death due to cancer widely. Early detection is the only hope to cure patients from this deadly disease or possibly increase life expectancy. Mouse models are most acceptable studies as they have ability to manipulate their genome and transcriptome to evaluate mechanistic changes. In addition, system biology can improvise the understanding of molecular mechanism of HCC and also can reveal the protein hub involved in every stage of HCC. Materials and Methods Herein, diethylnitrosamine and thioacetamide (TAA) were used to develop stage-specific HCC in Wistar rats. Histopathological changes, biochemical parameters, and the oxidative stress were measured in hepatocytes. We have reanalyzed the microarray dataset to identify the complex signaling pathways involved in hepatocarcinogenesis induced by TAA. GSE45050 dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the gene expression profile of nontumor, cirrhosis, and HCC was compared. Results The study reveals stage-specific development of chronic HCC rat model and promising stage-specific targets (EHMT2, GMPS, and SPRY2) of HCC. Conclusions EHMT2, GMPS, and SPRY found as high centrality nodes in protein-protein interaction studies using high-throughput microarray data which tend to be present in signaling pathways and co-occur in a biological state of HCC. These genes can be targeted to understand the possible pathology, molecular changes, and target strategy under cirrhosis and HCC condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Hora
- Department of Biotechnology, HIMT Group of Institutions, Greater Noida; Proteomic and Translational Research Laboratory, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India
| | - Swatantra Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences; Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepshikha Pande Katare
- Proteomic and Translational Research Laboratory, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, New Delhi, India
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Huang P, Xu Q, Yan Y, Lu Y, Hu Z, Ou B, Zhang H, Mao K, Zhang J, Wang J, Xiao Z. HBx/ERα complex-mediated LINC01352 downregulation promotes HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via the miR-135b-APC axis. Oncogene 2020; 39:3774-3789. [PMID: 32157216 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1254-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as crucial biomarkers and regulators in many cancers. Novel lncRNAs involved in the initiation and progression of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) need to be investigated. Here, we report that the long non-coding RNA LINC01352 is markedly downregulated by HBV/HBx (HBV X protein) in HCC cells and clinical samples. The LINC01352 expression level in HCC is an independent prognostic factor for survival. We found that HBx suppresses LINC01352 promoter activity by forming a complex with the estrogen receptor (ERα). Furthermore, using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we confirmed that HBx promotes HCC cell growth and metastasis by inhibiting LINC01352 expression. Further investigation revealed that the downregulation of LINC01352, which acts as an endogenous sponge, increases the expression of miR-135b, leading to the reduced production of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), consequently activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling to facilitate tumour progression. These findings strongly suggest that the LINC01352-miR-135b-APC axis regulated by the HBx/ERα complex acts as an important pathogenic factor for tumour progression, which may help provide a theoretical basis for the identification of new therapeutic targets for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinbo Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qiaodong Xu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Minimally Invasive Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yongcong Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yingjuan Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bing Ou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Heyun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianlong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Zhiyu Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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3
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Lee WY, Bachtiar M, Choo CCS, Lee CG. Comprehensive review of Hepatitis B Virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma research through text mining and big data analytics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:353-367. [PMID: 30105774 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PubMed was text mined to glean insights into the role of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from the massive number of publications (9249) available to date. Reports from ∼70 countries identified >1300 human genes associated with either the Core, Surface or X gene in HBV-associated HCC. One hundred and forty-three of these host genes, which can potentially yield 1180 biomolecular interactions, each were reported in at least three different publications to be associated with the same HBV. These 143 genes function in 137 pathways, involved mainly in the cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation and signalling. Fourteen of these molecules, primarily transcriptional regulators or kinases, play roles in several pathways pertinent to the hallmarks of cancers. 'Chronic' was the most frequent word used across the 9249 abstracts. A key event in chronic HBV infection is the integration of HBV into the host genome. The advent of cost-effective, next-generation sequencing technology facilitated the employment of big-data analytics comprehensively to characterize HBV-host integration within HCC patients. A total of 5331 integration events were reported across seven publications, with most of these integrations observed between the Core/X gene and the introns of genes. Nearly one-quarter of the intergenic integrations are within repeats, especially long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE) repeats. Integrations within 13 genes were each reported by at least three different studies. The human gene with the most HBV integrations observed is the TERT gene where a total of 224 integrations, primarily at its promoter and within the tumour tissue, were reported by six of seven publications. This unique review, which employs state-of-the-art text-mining and data-analytics tools, represents the most complete, systematic and comprehensive review of nearly all the publications associated with HBV-associated HCC research. It provides important resources to either focus future research or develop therapeutic strategies to target key molecules reported to play important roles in key pathways of HCC, through the systematic analyses of the commonly reported molecules associated with the various HBV genes in HCC, including information about the interactions amongst these commonly reported molecules, the pathways in which they reside as well as detailed information regarding the viral and host genes associated with HBV integration in HCC patients. Hence this review, which highlights pathways and key human genes associated with HBV in HCC, may facilitate the deeper elucidation of the role of HBV in hepato-carcinogenesis, potentially leading to timely intervention against this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yeow Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Maulana Bachtiar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.,Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Cheryl C S Choo
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.,Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Caroline G Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.,Division of Medical Sciences, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169547, Singapore
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Lee D, Jang MK, Seo JH, Ryu SH, Kim JA, Chung YH. ARD1/NAA10 in hepatocellular carcinoma: pathways and clinical implications. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30054466 PMCID: PMC6063946 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0106-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a representative example of a malignancy with a poor prognosis, is characterized by high mortality because it is typically in an advanced stage at diagnosis and leaves very little hepatic functional reserve. Despite advances in medical and surgical techniques, there is no omnipotent tool that can diagnose HCC early and then cure it medically or surgically. Several recent studies have shown that a variety of pathways are involved in the development, growth, and even metastasis of HCC. Among a variety of cytokines or molecules, some investigators have suggested that arrest-defective 1 (ARD1), an acetyltransferase, plays a key role in the development of malignancies. Although ARD1 is thought to be centrally involved in the cell cycle, cell migration, apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation, the role of ARD1 and its potential mechanistic involvement in HCC remain unclear. Here, we review the present literature on ARD1. First, we provide an overview of the essential structure, functions, and molecular mechanisms or pathways of ARD1 in HCC. Next, we discuss potential clinical implications and perspectives. We hope that, by providing new insights into ARD1, this review will help to guide the next steps in the development of markers for the early detection and prognosis of HCC. A protein that is highly expressed in cancer with extensive blood vessel development may provide a potential biomarker for early-stage liver cancer. Liver cancer is often not diagnosed until it is advanced and is also hard to be cured despite of advances in treatment, meaning patients often die from the disease. No tools for early detection or prognosis prediction exist, and scientists are keen to find useful biomarker molecules. Young-Hwa Chung at the University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, and co-workers in South Korea reviewed recent research into one possible cancer-related protein, arrest-defective 1 (ARD1), known to be highly expressed in certain cancers and possibly associated with poor prognosis. While ARD1 appears to regulate pathways critical to cancer progression and promote cancer cell invasiveness, further in-depth investigations are needed to clarify its specific role in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Kuk Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Hwa Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Siddiqui ZI, Farooqui SR, Azam SA, Afroz M, Wajid S, Parveen S, Kazim SN. A comparative study of hepatitis B virus X protein mutants K130M, V131I and KV130/131MI to investigate their roles in fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:1121-1131. [PMID: 28654219 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic mutations A1762T, G1764A and AG1762/1764TA cause production of HBV X protein (HBx) mutants, namely K130M, V131I and KV130/131MI. These mutations are important biomarkers for the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HBV patients. This study comparatively analyses the impact of intracellular expression of HBx mutants on HCC cell line Huh7. It was found that expression of KV130/131MI induced: cell proliferation, altered expression of cell cycle regulatory genes in favour of cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial depolarization. KV130/131MI may be directly involved in host cell proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis via altering expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. KV130/131MI may also play pivotal roles in fibrosis and cirrhosis via inducing ROS production and mitochondrial depolarization. Furthermore, these might be the possible reasons for higher occurrence of AG1762/1764TA as compared to A1762T and G1764A in cirrhosis and HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z I Siddiqui
- Hepatitis Research Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - S R Farooqui
- Hepatitis Research Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - S A Azam
- Hepatitis Research Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - M Afroz
- Hepatitis Research Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - S Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - S Parveen
- Hepatitis Research Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - S N Kazim
- Hepatitis Research Lab, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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6
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Daud M, Rana MA, Husnain T, Ijaz B. Modulation of Wnt signaling pathway by hepatitis B virus. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2937-2947. [PMID: 28685286 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a global distribution and is one of the leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma. The precise mechanism of pathogenicity of HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not yet fully understood. Viral-related proteins are known to take control of several cellular pathways like Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, Raf/MAPK and ROS for the virus's own replication. This affects cellular persistence, multiplication, migration, alteration and genomic instability. The Wnt/FZD/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a significant role in the pathology and physiology of the liver and has been identified as a main factor in HCC development. The role of β-catenin is linked mainly to the canonical pathway of the signaling system. Progression of liver diseases is known to be accompanied by disturbances in β-catenin expression (mainly overexpression), with its cytoplasmic or nuclear translocation. In recent years, studies have documented that the HBV X protein and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) can act as pathogenic factors that are involved in the modulation and induction of canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the present review we explore the interaction of HBV genome products with components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that results in the enhancement of the pathway and leads to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Daud
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | | | - Tayyab Husnain
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Applied and Functional Genomics Lab, Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, 53700, Pakistan.
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7
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Teng CF, Wu HC, Shyu WC, Jeng LB, Su IJ. Pre-S2 Mutant-Induced Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signal Pathways as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Transplant 2017; 26:429-438. [PMID: 28195035 PMCID: PMC5657708 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x694382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Pre-S2 mutant represents an HBV oncoprotein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and manifests as type II ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs). Pre-S2 mutant can induce ER stress and initiate multiple ER stress-dependent or -independent cellular signal pathways, leading to growth advantage of type II GGH. Importantly, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathways are consistently activated throughout the liver tumorigenesis in pre-S2 mutant transgenic mice and in human HCC tissues, leading to hepatocyte proliferation, metabolic disorders, and HCC tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the pre-S2 mutant-induced mTOR signal pathways and its implications in HBV-related HCC tumorigenesis. Clinically, the presence of pre-S2 mutant exhibits a high resistance to antiviral treatment and carries a high risk of HCC development in patients with chronic HBV infection. Targeting at pre-S2 mutant-induced mTOR signal pathways may thus provide potential strategies for the prevention or therapy of HBV-associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Fang Teng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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8
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Anti-HBV Activities of Three Compounds Extracted and Purified from Herpetospermum Seeds. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010014. [PMID: 28035986 PMCID: PMC6155818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to evaluate the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities of three compounds extracted and purified from Herpetospermum seeds (HS) on HepG2.2.15 cells. Herpetin (HPT), herpetone (HPO), and herpetfluorenone (HPF) were isolated from HS and identified using HR-ESI-MS and NMR. Different concentrations of the drugs were added to the HepG2.2.15 cells. Cell toxicity was observed with an MTT assay, cell culture supernatants were collected, and HBsAg and HBeAg were detected by ELISA. The content of HBV DNA was determined via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with fluorescent probes. The 50% toxicity concentration (TC50) of HPF was 531.48 μg/mL, suggesting that this species is less toxic than HPT and HPO. HPT and HPF showed more potent antiviral activities than HPO. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of HPF on HBsAg and HBeAg were 176.99 and 134.53 μg/mL, respectively, and the corresponding therapeutic index (TI) values were 2.66 and 3.49, respectively. HPT and HPF were shown to significantly reduce the level of HBV DNA in the HepG2.2.15 culture medium compared to the negative control. This initial investigation of the anti-HBV constituents of HS yielded three compounds that revealed a synergistic effect of multiple components in the ethnopharmacological use of HS.
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Lee D, Lyu H, Chung YH, Kim JA, Mathews P, Jaffee E, Zheng L, Yu E, Lee YJ, Ryu SH. Genomic change in hepatitis B virus associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5393-5399. [PMID: 27340355 PMCID: PMC4910660 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i23.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the genomic changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) and evaluate their role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
METHODS: Two hundred and forty chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients were subjected and followed for a median of 105 mo. HCC was diagnosed in accordance with AASLD guidelines. The whole X, S, basal core promoter (BCP), and precore regions of HBV were sequenced using the direct sequencing method.
RESULTS: All of the subjects were infected with genotype C HBV. Out of 240 CHB patients, 25 (10%) had C1653T and 33 (14%) had T1753V mutation in X region; 157 (65%) had A1762T/G1764A mutations in BCP region, 50 (21%) had G1896A mutation in precore region and 67 (28%) had pre-S deletions. HCC occurred in 6 patients (3%). The prevalence of T1753V mutation was significantly higher in patients who developed HCC than in those without HCC. The cumulative occurrence rates of HCC were 5% and 19% at 10 and 15 years, respectively, in patients with T1753V mutant, which were significantly higher than 1% and 1% in those with wild type HBV (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: The presence of T1753V mutation in HBV X-gene significantly increases the risk of HCC development in patients chronically infected with genotype C HBV.
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Karamese M, Aydogdu S, Karamese SA, Altoparlak U, Gundogdu C. Preventive effects of a major component of green tea, epigallocathechin-3-gallate, on hepatitis-B virus DNA replication. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4199-202. [PMID: 26028072 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the major world health problems. Epigallocatechin-3 gallate is the major component of the polyphenolic fraction of green tea and it has an anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, anti- tumorigenic, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, and/or pro-apoptotic effects on mammalian cells. In this study, our aim was to investigate the inhibition of HBV replication by epigallocatechin-3 gallate in the Hep3B2.1-7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS HBV-replicating Hep3B2.1-7 cells were used to investigate the preventive effects of epigallocatechin-3 gallate on HBV DNA replication. The expression levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were determined using ELISA. Quantitative real-time-PCR was applied for the determination of the expression level of HBV DNA. RESULTS Cytotoxicity of epigallocathechin-3-gallate was not observed in the hepatic carcinoma cell line when the dose was lower than 100 μM. The ELISA method demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3 gallate have strong effects on HBsAg and HBeAg levels. Also it was detected by real-time PCR that epigallocatechin-3 gallate could prevent HBV DNA replication. CONCLUSIONS The obtained data pointed out that although the exact mechanism of HBV DNA replication and related diseases remains unclear, epigallocatechin-3 gallate has a potential as an effective anti-HBV agent with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Karamese
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey E-mail :
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11
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Huang YP, Shih HP, Liang YC, Lin HH, Lin MC, Chen CW, Huang TJ, Kuo YC, Han CC, Hsu MH. Advanced generation of paeonol-phenylsufonyl derivatives as potential anti-HBV agents. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06119b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the compounds we presented here, 8a showed the most potent inhibitory effect and highest selectivity index, which exceeds those of lamivudine (3TC) and our previously synthesized compound 6f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. P. Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
- Nuclear Science & Technology Department Center
| | - H. P. Shih
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - Y. C. Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
| | - H. H. Lin
- Division of Radiotherapy
- Department of Oncology
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital
- Taipei 115
- Taiwan
| | - M. C. Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories
- Industrial Technology Research Institute
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - C. W. Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology
- China Medical University Hospital
- Taichung 404
- Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology
| | - T. J. Huang
- School of Medicine
- China Medical University
- Taichung 404
- Taiwan
| | - Y. C. Kuo
- Radiation Oncology
- Show Chwan Memorial Hospital
- Changhua City 50008
- Taiwan
| | - C. C. Han
- Department of Chemistry
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
| | - M. H. Hsu
- Nuclear Science & Technology Department Center
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
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Li HG, Liu FF, Zhu HQ, Zhou X, Lu J, Chang H, Hu JH. Association of PTEN gene polymorphisms with liver cancer risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15198-15203. [PMID: 26823866 PMCID: PMC4713652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out if there are any relationship between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene (rs1234213, rs1234220, and rs2299939) and the susceptibility of liver cancer. METHODS Genotypes of the three SNPs in the PTEN gene were achieved utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Comparison of genotypes and alleles distribution differences between the case and the control subjects was accomplished with χ(2) test. The analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotypes of the three SNPs was performed using SHEsis software. We adopted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to show the relative risk of liver cancer. RESULTS TC genotype and C allele of rs1234220 polymorphism showed much more frequently in cases than in controls, reflecting that the TC genotype and the C allele may be linked to the increased risk of liver cancer (OR=2.225, 95% CI=1.178-4.204; OR=1.941, 95% CI=1.124-3.351). Rs2299939 polymorphism showed an opposite result that the GT genotype probably reduce the risk of liver cancer (OR=0.483, 95% CI=0.259-0.900). Statistical significance was not found in the distribution differences of the genotypes of rs1234213 between two groups. LD and haplotype analysis results of the three SNPs showed that the T-C-G haplotype frequency was much higher in cases than in healthy objects, which proved that the T-C-G haplotype might be a susceptibility haplotype for liver cancer (OR=3.750, 95% CI=1.396-10.077). CONCLUSIONS PTEN gene polymorphisms might relate to liver cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Guang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Fang-Feng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hua-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jin-Hua Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan 250021, Shandong, China
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13
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Pang JY, Zhao KJ, Wang JB, Ma ZJ, Xiao XH. Green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, possesses the antiviral activity necessary to fight against the hepatitis B virus replication in vitro. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:533-9. [PMID: 24903990 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although several antiviral drugs and vaccines are available for use against hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis caused by HBV remains a major public health problem worldwide, which has not yet been resolved, and new anti-HBV drugs are in great demand. The present study was performed to investigate the anti-HBV activity of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural-origin compound, in HepG2 2.2.15 cells. The antiviral activity of EGCG was examined by detecting the levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant and extracellular HBV DNA. EGCG effectively suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg from HepG2 2.2.15 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and it showed stronger effects at the level of 0.11-0.44 μmol/ml (50-200 μg/ml) than lamivudine (3TC) at 0.87 μmol/ml (200 μg/ml). EGCG also suppressed the amount of extracellular HBV DNA. The data indicated that EGCG possessed anti-HBV activity and suggested the potential of EGCG as an effective anti-HBV agent with low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-yao Pang
- Clinical Pharmacy Laboratory, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China; Integrative Medicine Center, 302 Military Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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14
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Synthesis and anti-hepatitis B virus activity of C4 amide-substituted isosteviol derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:720-8. [PMID: 25600408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel isosteviol derivatives having C4-amide substituents were synthesized in order to test for antiviral effects against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in vitro. Among them, IN-4 [N-(propylcarbonyl)-4α-amino-19-nor-ent-16-ketobeyeran] (5) exhibited inhibitory activity against secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg as well as inhibition of HBV DNA replication. Therefore, the mechanism of its antiviral activity was further analyzed using HBV-transfected Huh7 cells. Exposure to IN-4 produced minimal inhibitory effects on viral precore/pregenomic RNA expression. However, expression levels of the 2.4/2.1-kb preS/major S RNA of the viral surface gene significantly decreased, along with intracellular levels of HBV DNA. A promoter activity analysis demonstrated that IN-4 significantly inhibited viral X, S, and preS expression levels but not viral core promoter activities. In particular, IN-4 was observed to significantly inhibit HBV gene regulation by disrupting nuclear factor (NF)-κB-associated promoter activity. In addition, the nuclear expression of p65/p50 NF-κB member proteins was attenuated following IN-4 treatment, while cytoplasmic IκBα protein levels were enhanced. Meanwhile, IN-4 was observed to inhibit the binding activity of NF-κB to putative DNA elements. Furthermore, transfection of a p65 expression plasmid into Huh7 cells significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of IN-4 on HBV DNA levels, providing further evidence of the central role of NF-κB in its antiviral mechanism. It is therefore suggested that IN-4 inhibits HBV by interfering with the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in downregulation of viral gene expression and DNA replication.
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15
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Huang TJ, Chuang H, Liang YC, Lin HH, Horng JC, Kuo YC, Chen CW, Tsai FY, Yen SC, Chou SC, Hsu MH. Design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of paeonol derivatives as potential anti-HBV agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:428-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Ryu SH, Jang MK, Kim WJ, Lee D, Chung YH. Metastatic tumor antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma: golden roads toward personalized medicine. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2014; 33:965-80. [PMID: 25325987 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-014-9522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a prototype of hypervascular tumors, is one of the most common malignancies in the world, especially hyperendemic in the Far East where chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly prevalent. It is characterized by the clinical feature of a poor prognosis or a high mortality due to its already far advanced stages at diagnosis. It is so multifactorial that hepatocarcinogenesis cannot be explained by a single molecular mechanism. To date, a number of pathways have been known to contribute to the development, growth, angiogenesis, and even metastasis of HCC. Among the various factors, metastatic tumor antigens (MTAs) or metastasis-associated proteins have been vigorously investigated as an intriguing target in the field of hepatocarcinogenesis. According to recent studies including ours, MTAs are not only involved in the HCC development and growth (molecular carcinogenesis), but also closely associated with the post-operative recurrence and a poor prognosis or a worse response to post-operative anti-cancer therapy (clinical significance). Herein, we review MTAs in light of their essential structure, functions, and molecular mechanism in hepatocarcinogenesis. We will also focus in detail on the interaction between hepatitis B x protein (HBx) of HBV and MTA in order to clarify the HBV-associated HCC development. Finally, we will discuss the prognostic significance and clinical application of MTA in HCC. We believe that this review will help clinicians to understand the meaning and use of the detection of MTA in order to more effectively manage their HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Qu J, Yu Z, Li Q, Chen Y, Xiang D, Tan L, Lei C, Bai W, Li H, Shang Q, Chen L, Hu X, Lu W, Li Z, Chen D, Wang X, Zhang C, Xiao G, Qi X, Chen J, Zhou L, Chen G, Li Y, Zeng Z, Rong G, Dong Z, Chen Y, Lou M, Wang C, Lu Y, Zhang C, Yang Y. Blocking and reversing hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B treated by traditional Chinese medicine (tablets of biejia ruangan or RGT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:438. [PMID: 25381721 PMCID: PMC4234899 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ultimately liver-related death. Although oral antiviral therapy for patients with CHB reduces the risk of such complications, once cirrhosis is established, the benefits of antiviral therapy are not robustly demonstrated. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), some Chinese herbal medicines promote blood circulation and soften hard masses, and therefore they may block and reverse hepatic fibrosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of TCM tablets of the compound biejia ruangan (RGT) administered for fibrosis, and entecavir (ETV), on the development of HCC in patients with CHB or hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related compensated cirrhosis. METHODS/DESIGN This multicenter, centrally randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study is planned to complete within 5 years. For the study, 1,000 with CHB or HBV-related compensated cirrhosis are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to a treatment group (0.5 mg ETV once daily; 2 g RGT three times daily) or a control group (0.5 mg ETV once daily; 2 g RGT dummy agent three times daily). The primary end points are the development of HCC and liver-related death. Secondary end points include disease progression and overall survival. DISCUSSION Although antiviral therapy can achieve sustained suppression of HBV replication, thereby preventing cirrhosis, patients with CHB treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) retain a higher risk for HCC compared with patients with inactive disease. Although previous clinical trials with RGT have confirmed the efficacy of blocking and reversing hepatic fibrosis in patients with CHB or compensated cirrhosis, the long-term risk for HCC or disease progression in these patients treated with combination of RGT and NUCs compared with NUCs alone is unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effects of the RGT blockade and reversal of hepatic fibrosis on the development of HCC in patients with CHB or HBV-related compensated cirrhosis in large, prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials in China. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01965418. Date registered: 17 October 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Qu
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- />Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052 China
| | - Qin Li
- />Fuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350025 China
| | - Yongping Chen
- />Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000 China
| | - Dedong Xiang
- />Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Lin Tan
- />Liver Disease Department, Fuyang No 2 People’s Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui Province 236015 China
| | - Chunliang Lei
- />Guangzhou No 8 People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060 China
| | - Wenlin Bai
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Hongyan Li
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Qinghua Shang
- />Therapeutic Center for Liver Disease, 88th Hospital of PLA, Taian, Shandong Province 271000 China
| | - Liang Chen
- />Department of Hepatic Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- />National Integrative Medicine Clinical Base for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072 China
| | - Wei Lu
- />Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Zhiqin Li
- />Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052 China
| | - Da Chen
- />Fuzhou Infectious Diseases Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350025 China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- />Department of Infectious and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000 China
| | - Changjiang Zhang
- />Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038 China
| | - Guangming Xiao
- />Guangzhou No 8 People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060 China
| | - Xun Qi
- />Department of Hepatic Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508 China
| | - Jing Chen
- />National Integrative Medicine Clinical Base for Infectious Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610072 China
| | - Li Zhou
- />Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yonggang Li
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Guanghua Rong
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Zheng Dong
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yan Chen
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Min Lou
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Chunping Wang
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yinying Lu
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Yongping Yang
- />Center of Therapeutic Research for Liver Cancer, the 302 hospital of PLA, 100 Xisi Huan Middle Road, Beijing, 100039 China
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18
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Anti-viral effect of a compound isolated from Liriope platyphylla against hepatitis B virus in vitro. Virus Res 2014; 192:16-24. [PMID: 25150190 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The compound LPRP-Et-97543 was isolated from Liriope platyphylla roots and was observed to have potential anti-viral effects in HepG2.2.15 cells against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The antiviral mode was further clarified, and the HBV-transfected Huh7 cells were used as the platform. During viral gene expression, LPRP-Et-97543 treatment had apparent effects on the viral precore/pregenomic and S/preS RNA. Promoter activity analysis demonstrated that LPRP-Et-97543 significantly reduced Core, S, and preS but not X promoter activities. Further examination showed that putative signaling pathways were involved in this inhibitory effect, indicating that NF-κB may serve a putative mediator of HBV gene regulation with LPRP-Et-97543. In addition, the nuclear expression of p65/p50 NF-κB member proteins was attenuated with LPRP-Et-97543 and augmented cytoplasmic IκBα protein levels but without affecting the expression of these proteins in HBV non-transfected cells during treatment. Moreover, LPRP-Et-97543 reduced the binding activity of NF-κB protein to CS1 element of HBV surface gene in a gel retardation analysis and inhibited CS1 containing promoter activity in HBV expressed cells. However, HBV transfection significantly enhances CS1 containing promoter activity without compound treatment in cells. Finally, transfection of the p65 expression plasmid significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of LPRP-Et-97543 on the replicated HBV DNA level in HBV positive cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that the mechanism of HBV inhibition by LPRP-Et-97543 may involve the feedback regulation of viral gene expression and viral DNA replication by HBV viral proteins, which interferes with the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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19
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Huang TJ, Chou BH, Lin CW, Weng JH, Chou CH, Yang LM, Lin SJ. Synthesis and antiviral effects of isosteviol-derived analogues against the hepatitis B virus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 99:107-14. [PMID: 24461778 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among several isosteviol-derived analogues, NC-8 (ent-16-oxobeyeran-19-N-methylureido) showed inhibitory potency against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HepG2 2.2.15 cells. Its anti-HBV mechanism was then next investigated in a human hepatoma cell culture system. Results showed that it specifically inhibited viral gene expression and reduced the level of encapsidated viral DNA intermediates in Huh7 cells that expressed replicating HBV. It also potently attenuated all viral promoter activity in HBV-expressing Huh7 cells, but not in cells lacking HBV expression. By examining its antiviral mechanism in cellular signaling pathways, NC-8 was found to inhibit the activity of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB element-containing promoter, but only slightly enhanced activities of activator protein (AP)-1- and interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE)-containing promoters in HBV-expressing cells. NC-8 also significantly eliminated NF-κB (p65/p50) and Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 proteins, but increased the IκBα protein level in a dose-dependent manner in HBV-transfected Huh7 cells, while these protein levels were apparently unchanged in non-transfected cells. Meanwhile, NC-8-treated nuclear extracts that co-expressed HBV inhibited the binding of NF-κB to the CS1 site of HBV major surface gene and specifically attenuated CS1-containing promoter activity. Taken together, this study suggests that the antiviral mechanism of NC-8 appears to be mediated by disturbing replication and gene expression of HBV and by inhibiting the host TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsurng-Juhn Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hon Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Long Shine Biopharma Co., Tainan 722, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hsien Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Jiuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Wu HC, Tsai HW, Teng CF, Hsieh WC, Lin YJ, Wang LHC, Yuan Q, Su IJ. Ground-glass hepatocytes co-expressing hepatitis B virus X protein and surface antigens exhibit enhanced oncogenic effects and tumorigenesis. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1294-301. [PMID: 24767856 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) and pre-S2 deletion mutant large surface antigens are oncoproteins that induce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The interaction of these two oncoproteins in hepatocytes and its significance in tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated. In this study, we observed the co-expression of HBx with surface antigens in ground-glass hepatocytes in 5 of 20 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive livers. In vitro, hepatocytes co-expressing HBx and a pre-S2 mutant showed enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, phosphorylated Akt 1/2/3, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin signals. Transgenic mice harboring both HBx and pre-S2 mutant construct plasmids developed HCCs at an average of 15.1 months, earlier than animals carrying either HBx (16.9 months) or pre-S2 mutant (24.5 months) alone. The oncogenic signals of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, phosphorylated Akt 1/2/3, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin were sequentially and differentially activated at different stages in tumorigenesis. Phosphorylated mTOR was consistently activated in transgenic and human HCCs. We conclude that ground-glass hepatocytes co-expressing HBx and surface antigens exhibit enhanced oncogenic effects and tumorigenesis in chronic HBV infections. The mTOR signal cascade may be the key regulator in HBV tumorigenesis and may be useful targets in the design of HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Chieh Wu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Fang Teng
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Hsieh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Jyh Lin
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Quan Yuan
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
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21
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Mathew M A, Kurian SC, Varghese AP, Oommen S, G M. HBx Gene Mutations in Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology Res 2014; 7:1-4. [PMID: 27785261 PMCID: PMC5051134 DOI: 10.14740/gr589w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers which are found in many Asian and African countries. There are several risk factors that may develop to HCC. Along with several other factors contributing to HCC, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection also accounts for a major cause. HBV infection represents a major health problem worldwide. Among all of HBV genes, HBx is believed to play a prominent role in carcinogenesis, although the actual mechanism is not yet fully understood. The HBx gene of HBV is the most common open reading frame that may undergo mutations and may develop into HCC. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the most important roles of HBx gene that may lead to the development of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumol Mathew M
- Corporate R&D Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Akkulam, Sreekariyam (PO), Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India
| | - Sumitha C Kurian
- Corporate R&D Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Akkulam, Sreekariyam (PO), Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India
| | - Atul Philip Varghese
- Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - Seema Oommen
- Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj G
- Corporate R&D Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Akkulam, Sreekariyam (PO), Trivandrum 695017, Kerala, India
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22
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Yeh CT, Huang YH, Liang KH, Chang ML, Hsu CW, Chen YC, Chen TC, Yeh TS, Lee WC. Segregation of signaling proteins as prognostic predictors for local recurrence and distant metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:491-504. [PMID: 24297625 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presented as local recurrence (LR) or extrahepatic metastasis (EHM). Recent studies indicated that EHM requires additional cellular alterations. This study aimed to examine the clinical and molecular prognostic predictors of these two events. HCC patients (289) [training cohort (n=160) and verification cohort (n=129)] receiving surgical resection of hepatomas were included. The expression levels of six signaling molecules were quantitatively assessed for prognostic analysis. Clustering analysis revealed similar expression profiles between cancer (T) and non-cancer (N) liver tissues in the same individuals. Univariate analysis showed that phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-T was associated with LR-free survival (P=0.002), whereas extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK2)-T (P=0.005), AKT-T (P=0.001) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-T/N ratio (P=0.008) were associated with EHM-free survival. When clinical predictors were added for multivariate analysis, only prolonged prothrombin time (P=0.003) and tumor number (P=0.031) was independently associated with LR-free survival, whereas age (P=0.019), creatinine levels (P=0.001) and AKT-T (P=0.004) were associated with EHM-free survival. These factors were further examined in the verification cohort. In conclusion, postoperative LR and EHM in HCC were associated with separable sets of clinical and molecular predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ya-Hui Huang
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chao-Wei Hsu
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tse-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Medical Center, Taipei 105, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Antiviral activity of chemical compound isolated from Artemisia morrisonensis against hepatitis B virus in vitro. Antiviral Res 2013; 101:97-104. [PMID: 24269476 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The compound p-hydroxyacetophenone (PHAP) isolated from Artemisia morrisonensis was found to have potential anti-HBV effects in HepG2 2.2.15 cells. We clarified its antiviral mode further and HBV-transfected Huh7 cells were used as the platform. During viral gene expression, treatment with PHAP had no apparent effects on the viral precore/pregenomic RNA. However, the 2.4-kb preS RNA of viral surface gene increased significantly relative to the 2.1-kb S RNA with PHAP. Promoter activity analysis demonstrated that PHAP had a potent effect on augmenting the viral preS promoter activity. The subsequent increase in the large surface protein and induce endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress has been reported previously. Interestingly, PHAP specifically reduced ER stress related GRP78 RNA/protein levels, but not those of GRP94, in treated Huh7 cells while PHAP also led to the significant intracellular accumulation of virus. Moreover, treatment with the ER chaperone inducer thapsigargin relieved the inhibitory effect of PHAP based on the supernatant HBV DNA levels of HBV-expressed cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that the mechanism of HBV inhibition by PHAP might involve the regulation of viral surface gene expression and block virion secretion by interference with the ER stress signaling pathway.
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Rojas MD, Peterson DL, Barboza L, Terán-Ángel G, Labastida-Moreno CA, Berrueta L, Salmen S. Programmed hepatocytes cell death associated with FLIP downregulation in response to extracellular preS1/2. J Med Virol 2013; 86:496-504. [PMID: 24248906 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection involves liver damage resulting in continuous cell injury and death. During HBV infection, hepatocytes exhibit changes in death receptor expression and in their susceptibility to death. These changes are observed not only in infected cells but also in bystander cells. Because excess viral surface protein (HBsAg) is secreted in large amounts as soluble particles containing preS proteins, the role of soluble preS1/2 in hepatocyte (HepG2) death modulation is an important issue to be explored. An increase of cell death induced by preS1/2 was observed. Also, cell death was associated with the down-regulation of FLIP and activation of caspase 8, caspase 9, and BID. Additionally, hepatocytes exhibited a sensitization to death mediated by the Fas receptor. These results, may contribute to understanding the role of envelope proteins (preS1/2) in the pathogenesis of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masyelly D Rojas
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica, Universidad de Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela
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25
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Antiviral activity of methyl helicterate isolated from Helicteres angustifolia (Sterculiaceae) against hepatitis B virus. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:373-81. [PMID: 24055834 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The anti-HBV effect of methyl helicterate (MH), a triterpenoid isolated from the Chinese herb Helicteres angustifolia, was explored both in vitro and in vivo. In the HBV-transfected cell line HepG2.2.15, the secretion of HBsAg/HBeAg, the levels of HBV DNA and cccDNA, and the amount of viral RNA were significantly decreased after treatment with MH for 144h. In addition, MH had no inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial DNA content. In DHBV-infected ducklings, MH significantly reduced the serum DHBV DNA, liver total viral DNA, and cccDNA levels. Furthermore, analysis of the liver pathological changes confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of MH. These results indicate that MH efficiently inhibits HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo and that MH may be a major bioactive ingredient in H. angustifolia.
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26
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Mathai AM, Alexander J, Kuo FY, Torbenson M, Swanson PE, Yeh MM. Type II ground-glass hepatocytes as a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1665-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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27
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Lee D, Chung YH, Kim JA, Lee YS, Lee D, Jang MK, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Lee YS. Transforming growth factor beta 1 overexpression is closely related to invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 2012; 82:11-8. [PMID: 22269311 DOI: 10.1159/000335605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study was aimed to investigate the relationship between plasma transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β(1)) expression and the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Five hundred and seventy-one patients with HCC were subjected. Plasma TGF-β(1) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at diagnosis and compared in accordance with clinical and radiological characteristics. RESULTS Plasma TGF-β(1) levels were significantly higher in the diffuse infiltrative type (n = 159) than in the nodular type of HCC (n = 412; 3.94 ± 0.34 vs. 3.79 ± 0.29 log(10) pg/ml; p < 0.001). They were much higher in patients with portal vein thrombosis or extrahepatic metastasis than in those without (3.88 ± 0.34 vs. 3.81 ± 0.29 log(10) pg/ml, p = 0.008; 3.94 ± 0.35 vs. 3.82 ± 0.30 log(10) pg/ml, p = 0.013, respectively). Also, plasma TGF-β(1) levels showed a positive correlation with the size of HCC (r = 0.014, p < 0.001). Additionally, plasma TGF-β(1) levels were inversely related to the survival periods (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION TGF-β(1) was overexpressed in invasive types of HCC and it may be involved in the rapid progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) represents one of the most rapidly spreading cancers in the world. Most HCC develops in cirrhotic livers after prolonged inflammation, supporting the hypothesis that inflammation contributes to cancer development. Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory cell recruitment and activation is an important contributor to promoting cancerous malformation in hepatocytes. Intracellular signaling pathways involved in classical inflammatory pathway activation can be altered in parenchymal cells, hepatocytes, in the liver to promote HCC development. Inflammation is triggered by pathogen-derived or endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns via pattern recognition receptors. Activation of the pattern recognition receptors triggers downstream signaling cascades to induce proinflammatory cytokine production, release of reactive oxygen species and modulate cellular responses. Many of these inflammatory mediators have adverse effects on DNA repair and induce DNA methylation, both of which are important elements in HCC development. This review summarizes the key points and discusses recent findings related to the role of inflammation in cancer and HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA.
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29
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Teng CF, Wu HC, Tsai HW, Shiah HS, Huang W, Su IJ. Novel feedback inhibition of surface antigen synthesis by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal and its implication for hepatitis B virus tumorigenesis and therapy. Hepatology 2011; 54:1199-207. [PMID: 21735472 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) harboring hepatitis B virus (HBV) pre-S mutants have been recognized as precursor lesions of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previously, we observed the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in GGHs and HCCs, together with a decreased expression of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in HCC tissues. It is, therefore, hypothesized that the activation of mTOR during HBV tumorigenesis may potentially down-regulate HBsAg expression. In this study, we verified an inverse relationship between the expression of HBsAg and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) in 13 of 20 paired nontumorous liver and HCC tissues. In vitro, wild-type or mutant pre-S proteins could activate mTOR in the HuH-7 cell line. Interestingly, the up-regulated mTOR, in turn, suppressed HBsAg synthesis at the transcriptional level via the transcription factor, Yin Yang 1 (YY1), which bound to nucleotide 2812-2816 of the pre-S1 promoter. This inhibitory effect by the mTOR signal could be abolished by the knockdown of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). Furthermore, YY1 was physically associated with HDAC1 in a manner dependent on mTOR activation. Collectively, pre-S protein-induced mTOR activation may recruit the YY1-HDAC1 complex to feedback suppress transcription from the pre-S1 promoter. CONCLUSION The activation of mTOR signal in GGHs may feedback suppress HBsAg synthesis during HBV tumorigenesis and explain the observed decrease or absence of HBsAg in HCC tissues. Therapy using mTOR inhibitors for HCCs may potentially activate HBV replication in patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Fang Teng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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30
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of Matijing-Su derivatives as potent anti-HBV agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:5352-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Loss of E-cadherin is associated with acquisition of metastatic capacity. Numerous studies suggest histone deacetylation and/or hypermethylation of CpG islands in E-cadherin gene (CDH1) are major mechanisms responsible for E-cadherin silencing in different tumors and cancer cell lines. The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded X antigen, HBx, contributes importantly to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using multiple mechanisms. Experiments were designed to test if in addition to CDH1 hypermethylation HBx promotes epigenetic modulation of E-cadherin transcriptional activity through histone deacetylation and miR-373. The relationships between HBx, E-cadherin, mSin3A, Snail-1 and miR-373 were evaluated in HBx expressing (HepG2X) and control (HepG2CAT) cells by western blotting, immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation as well as by immunohistochemical staining of liver and tumor tissue sections from HBV infected patients. In HepG2X cells, decreased levels of E-cadherin and elevated levels of mSin3A and Snail-1 were detected. Reciprocal immunoprecipitation with anti-HBx and anti-mSin3A demonstrated mutual binding. Further, HBx-mSin3A co-localization was detected by immunofluorescent staining. HBx down-regulated E-cadherin expression by the recruitment of the mSin3A/HDAC complex to the Snail-binding sites in human CDH1. Histone deacetylation inhibition by Trichostatin A treatment restored E-cadherin expression. Mir-373, a positive regulator of E-cadherin expression, was down-regulated by HBx in HepG2X cells and tissue sections from HBV infected patients. Thus, histone deacetylation of CDH1 and down-regulation of miR-373, together with the previously demonstrated hyper-methylation of CDH1 by HBx, may be important for the understanding of HBV-related carcinogenesis.
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Pollicino T, Saitta C, Raimondo G. Hepatocellular carcinoma: the point of view of the hepatitis B virus. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:1122-32. [PMID: 21665892 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, Messina, Italy.
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33
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Guo RH, Zhang Q, Ma YB, Huang XY, Luo J, Wang LJ, Geng CA, Zhang XM, Zhou J, Jiang ZY, Chen JJ. Synthesis and biological assay of 4-aryl-6-chloro-quinoline derivatives as novel non-nucleoside anti-HBV agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Pang R, Tao JY, Zhang SL, Chen KL, Zhao L, Yue X, Wang YF, Ye P, Zhu Y, Wu JG. Ethanol Extract from Ampelopsis sinica Root Exerts Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity via Inhibition of p53 Pathway In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:939205. [PMID: 21738555 PMCID: PMC3130517 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ampelopsis sinica root is widely used in Chinese folk medicine for treating liver disorders caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The present study was performed in order to investigate the anti-HBV activity and mechanisms of the ethanol extract from A. sinica root (EASR) in vitro. The antiviral activity of EASR was examined by detecting the levels of HBsAg, HBeAg and extracellular HBV DNAs in stable HBV-producing human hepatoblastoma HepG2 2.2.15 cells. We found that EASR effectively suppressed the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg from HepG2 2.2.15 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and it also suppressed the amount of extracellular HBV DNA. After EASR treatment, the percentage of apoptotic cells was found to be significantly higher than that of control by flow cytometric analysis. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to determine the effects of EASR on the activities of HBV promoters and intracellular signaling pathways. The results showed that EASR selectively inhibited the activities of HBV promoters (Cp, S1p and Fp) and the p53 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells significantly. These data indicate that EASR exerts anti-HBV effects via inhibition of HBV promoters and the p53-associated signaling pathway, which helps to elucidate the mechanism underlying the potential therapeutic value of EASR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Pang
- Department of Hepatology and Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Yeh CT, So M, Ng J, Yang HW, Chang ML, Lai MW, Chen TC, Lin CY, Yeh TS, Lee WC. Hepatitis B virus-DNA level and basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A mutation in liver tissue independently predict postoperative survival in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2010; 52:1922-33. [PMID: 20814897 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major etiological factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the postoperative prognostic value of the virological factors assayed directly from liver tissue has never been investigated. To address this issue, 185 liver samples obtained from the noncancerous part of surgically removed HBV-associated HCC tissues were subjected to virological analysis. Assayed factors included the amount of HBV-DNA in the liver tissues; genotype; and the presence of the HBV precore stop codon G1896A mutation, basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A mutation, and pre-S deletions/stop codon mutation. All virological factors and clinicopathological factors were subjected to Cox proportional hazard model analysis to estimate postoperative survival. It was found that an HBV-DNA level >3.0 × 10(7) copies/g of liver tissue and the presence of the basal core promoter mutation independently predicted disease-free (adjusted hazard ratio 1.641 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.010-2.667] and 2.075 [95% CI 1.203-3.579], respectively) and overall (adjusted hazard ratio 2.807 [95% CI 1.000-7.880] and 5.697 [95% CI 1.678-19.342], respectively) survival. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that in-frame, short stretch (<100 bp) pre-S deletions, but not large fragment (>100 bp) pre-S deletions, were significantly associated with poorer disease-free (P = 0.005) and overall (P = 0.020) survival. A hot deletion region located between codons 107 and 141 of the pre-S sequence was identified for the short stretch pre-S deletion mutants. CONCLUSION The amount of HBV-DNA in liver tissue and the presence of the basal core promoter mutation were two independent predictors for postoperative survival in HCC. A short stretch pre-S deletion located between codons 107 and 141 was strongly associated with a poorer postoperative prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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36
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Guo RH, Zhang Q, Ma YB, Luo J, Geng CA, Wang LJ, Zhang XM, Zhou J, Jiang ZY, Chen JJ. Structure-activity relationships study of 6-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as novel non-nucleoside anti-hepatitis B virus agents. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 46:307-19. [PMID: 21145140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 6-chloro-4-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activities in vitro to explore their structure-activity relationships (SARs). Most of the synthesized compounds possessed potent anti-HBV activity, of which the promising compound 44 exhibited significantly inhibitory potency against the secretion of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) (IC(50) = 0.010 mM, SI > 135), hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) (IC(50) = 0.026 mM, SI > 51) and the replication of HBV DNA (IC(50) = 0.045 mM). Preliminary mechanism study suggested compound 44 could mainly enhance the transcript activity of HBV ENI (enhancer I), EN-II (enhancer II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, PR China
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Wu ZJ, Zhu Y, Huang DR, Wang ZQ. Constructing the HBV-human protein interaction network to understand the relationship between HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:146. [PMID: 21078198 PMCID: PMC2999591 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have clearly validated the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with chronic HBV infection are at increased risk of HCC, in particular those with active liver disease and cirrhosis. Methods We catalogued all published interactions between HBV and human proteins, identifying 250 descriptions of HBV and human protein interactions and 146 unique human proteins that interact with HBV proteins by text mining. Results Integration of this data set into a reconstructed human interactome showed that cellular proteins interacting with HBV are made up of core proteins that are interconnected with many pathways. A global analysis based on functional annotation highlighted the enrichment of cellular pathways targeted by HBV. Conclusions By connecting the cellular proteins targeted by HBV, we have constructed a central network of proteins associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, which might be to regard as the basis of a detailed map for tracking new cellular interactions, and guiding future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
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38
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Pang R, Tao JY, Zhang SL, Zhao L, Yue X, Wang YF, Ye P, Dong JH, Zhu Y, Wu JG. In vitro antiviral activity of lutein against hepatitis B virus. Phytother Res 2010; 24:1627-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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39
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Pang R, Tao J, Zhang S, Zhu J, Yue X, Zhao L, Ye P, Zhu Y. In vitro anti-hepatitis B virus effect of Hypericum perforatum L. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 30:98-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-010-0118-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Zhao G, Yin Z, Dong J. Antiviral efficacy against hepatitis B virus replication of oleuropein isolated from Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 125:265-268. [PMID: 19580857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jasminum officinale L. var. grandiflorum (JOG) is a folk medicine used for the treatment of hepatitis in south of China. Phytochemical studies showed that secoiridoid glycosides are the typical constituents of this plant. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of oleuropein (Ole) derived from the flowers of JOG on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication in HepG2 2.2.15 cell line in vitro and duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication in ducklings in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS The extracellular hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) concentrations in cell culture medium were determined by ELISA. DHBV in duck serum was analyzed by dot blot. RESULTS Ole blocks effectively HBsAg secretion in HepG2 2.2.15 cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC(50)=23.2 microg/ml). Ole (80 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, twice daily) also reduced viremia in DHBV-infected ducks. CONCLUSION Ole therefore warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic agent for HBV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Ducks
- Flowers
- Hepatitis B/drug therapy
- Hepatitis B/virology
- Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/metabolism
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/drug effects
- Hepatitis B Virus, Duck/physiology
- Hepatitis B virus/drug effects
- Hepatitis B virus/physiology
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/blood
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/drug therapy
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/virology
- Humans
- Iridoid Glucosides
- Iridoids
- Jasminum/chemistry
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
- Pyrans/pharmacology
- Pyrans/therapeutic use
- Viremia/blood
- Viremia/drug therapy
- Virus Replication/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqin Zhao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, China
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41
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Li N, Long Y, Fan X, Liu H, Li C, Chen L, Wang Z. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2009; 28:122. [PMID: 19715608 PMCID: PMC2743659 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-28-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major cause of cancer death in China, is preceded by chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (LC). Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been regarded as a clear etiology of human hepatocarcinogenesis, the mechanism is still needs to be further clarified. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify the differential expression protein profiles between HCC and the adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues. METHODS Eighteen cases of HBV-related HCC including 12 cases of LC-developed HCC and 6 cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB)-developed HCC were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and the results were compared to those of paired adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues. RESULTS A total of 17 differentially expressed proteins with diverse biological functions were identified. Among these, 10 proteins were up-regulated, whereas the other 7 proteins were down-regulated in cancerous tissues. Two proteins, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 and ADP/ATP carrier protein were found to be up-regulated only in CHB-developed HCC tissues. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and Rho-GTPase-activating protein 4 were down-regulated in LC-developed and CHB-developed HCC tissues, respectively. Although 11 out of these 17 proteins have been already described by previous studies, or are already known to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis, this study revealed 6 new proteins differentially expressed in HBV-related HCC. CONCLUSION These findings elucidate that there are common features between CHB-developed HCC and LC-developed HCC. The identified proteins are valuable for studying the hepatocarcinogenesis, and may be potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Blood transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China.
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42
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Nguyen VTT, Law MG, Dore GJ. Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiological characteristics and disease burden. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:453-63. [PMID: 19302335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, 350 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) who are at greater risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with uninfected people. The relative risks of HCC among people infected with HBV ranges from 5 to 49 in case-control studies and from 7 to 98 in cohort studies. More than 50% of HCC cases worldwide and 70-80% of HCC cases in highly HBV endemic regions are attributable to HBV. Incidence of HCC (per 100,000 person/year) among people with chronic HBV infection ranges from 400 to 800 in male and from 120 to 180 in female. Factors associated with increased risk of HCC include demographic characteristics (male sex and older age), lifestyles (heavy alcohol consumption and smoking), viral factors (genotype C, D F, high level of HBV DNA, core/precore mutation) and clinical factors (cirrhosis, elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)). HBV-related HCC has extremely poor prognosis with median survival less than 16 months. Survival rates of HBV-related HCC ranged from 36% to 67% after 1 year and from 15% to 26% after 5 year of diagnosis. Older age, liver function impairment, vascular invasion, tumour aggressiveness and elevated AFP are associated with HCC survival. Global burden of HBV-related liver disease is still a major challenge for public health in the 21st century. While decreases in incidence of HBV infection have been observed in birth cohorts following the introduction of universal infant HBV vaccination programme, HBV-related HCC incidence in is projected to increase for at least two decades because of the high prevalence of chronic HBV infection and prolonged latency to HCC development. To reduce HBV-related HCC continued expansion of universal infant HBV vaccination is required along with antiviral therapy targeted to those individuals at highest risk of HCC. Broad public health strategies should include routine testing to identify chronic HBV infection, improved health infrastructures including human resource to provide diagnosis and treatment assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T T Nguyen
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Chattopadhyay D, Sarkar MC, Chatterjee T, Sharma Dey R, Bag P, Chakraborti S, Khan MTH. Recent advancements for the evaluation of anti-viral activities of natural products. N Biotechnol 2009; 25:347-68. [PMID: 19464980 PMCID: PMC7185506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved for the development of novel anti-viral drugs in the recent years. Large numbers of these newly developed drugs belong to three groups of compounds, nucleoside analogues, thymidine kinase-dependent nucleotide analogues and specific viral enzyme inhibitors. It has been found that the natural products, like plant extract, plant-derived compounds (phytochemicals) and so on, as well as traditional medicines, like Ayurvedic, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Chakma medicines and so on, are the potential sources for potential and novel anti-viral drugs based on different in vitro and in vivo approaches. In this chapter some of these important approaches utilised in the drug discovery process of potential candidate(s) for anti-viral agents are being discussed. The key conclusion is that natural products are one of the most important sources of novel anti-viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. & B.G. Hospital, GB-4, First Floor, 57 Dr Suresh C Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
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Leenders MWH, Nijkamp MW, Rinkes IHMB. Mouse models in liver cancer research: A review of current literature. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:6915-23. [PMID: 19058325 PMCID: PMC2773853 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.6915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. Due to differences in prevalence of etiological factors the incidence of primary liver cancer varies among the world, with a peak in East-Asia. As this disease is still lethal in most of the cases, research has to be done to improve our understanding of the disease, offering insights for possible treatment options. For this purpose, animal models are widely used, especially mouse models. In this review, we describe the different types of mouse models used in liver cancer research, with emphasis on genetically engineered mice used in this field. We focus on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as this is by far the most common type of primary liver cancer, accounting for 70%-85% of cases.
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Park NH, Chung YH. [Molecular mechanisms of hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2008; 13:320-40. [PMID: 17898549 DOI: 10.3350/kjhep.2007.13.3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases in the world. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates non-cytopathically in hepatocytes, and most of the liver injury associated with this infection reflects the immune response. Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that a chronic HBV infection is a major etiological factor in the development of HCC. The pathogenesis of HBV-associated HCC has been studied extensively, and the molecular changes during the malignant transformation have been identified. The main carcinogenic mechanism of HBV-associated HCC is related to the long term-inflammatory changes caused by a chronic hepatitis B infection, which might involve the integration of the HBV. Integration of the HBV DNA into the host genome occurs at the early steps of clonal tumorous expansion. The hepatitis B x protein (HBx) is a multifunctional regulatory protein that communicates directly or indirectly with a variety of host targets, and mediates many opposing cellular functions, including its function in cell cycle regulation, transcriptional regulation, signaling, encoding of the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules, as well as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Continued study of the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis will refine our current understanding of the molecular and cellular basis for neoplastic transformations in the liver. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in HBV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neung Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea
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Zhou F, Ren JL, Lu YP, Chen MY, Xu HZ, Pan JS, Cai JY, Dong J. Interaction between fibrinogen alpha chain and the whole S protein of hepatitis B virus. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:2581-2586. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i23.2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To screen the proteins interacting with the whole S protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from hepatocyte cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid system, and to validate interacting behavior between fibrinogen alpha chain and the whole S protein by reverse yeast two-hybrid.
METHODS: The whole S gene of HBV was cloned into yeast expression vector pDEST32 to construct a bait plasmid, which was verified by Western blot. The bait plasmid and prey plasmids inserted liver cDNA fragments were cotransformed into yeast cells MaV203 by Liac-mediated transformation. Diploid yeasts were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium to screen positive colonies. After extracting and sequencing of prey plasmids from positive colonies, the inserted sequences were bioinformatically analyzed. For reverse yeast two-hybrid, the bait plasmid expressing partial fibrinogen alpha chain and four prey plasmids expressing the whole S protein mutants were re-combined. The reconstituted bait plasmid was cotransformed into yeast cells MaV203 with the four prey plasmids, respectively. Diploid yeasts were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium and X-gal assay was performed to validate the interacting behavior.
RESULTS: By yeast two-hybrid technique, prey plasmids that were inserted partial gene coding 266-644 amino acid of fibrinogen alpha chain had a positive reaction with bait plasmid coding the whole S protein of HBV. By reverse yeast two-hybrid, fibrinogen alpha chain protein interacted with the four whole S protein mutants. The protein binding domain of the whole S protein might be the leading 268 amino acids.
CONCLUSION: Fibrinogen alpha chain protein may bind the whole S protein of HBV. The interacting domain is in the 266-644 amino acids of fibrinogen alpha chain and the frontal 268 amino acids of the whole S protein, respectively.
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Zhang Q, Jiang ZY, Luo J, Cheng P, Ma YB, Zhang XM, Zhang FX, Zhou J, Chen JJ. Anti-HBV agents. Part 1: Synthesis of alisol A derivatives: A new class of hepatitis B virus inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4647-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhou F, Ren JL, Lu YP, Chen MY, Chen JM, Liu M, Shi HX, Zhang B, Dong J. Screening of hepatocyte proteins interacting with the small surface protein of hepatitis B virus using yeast-two hybrid technique. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:1378-1382. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i13.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To screen candidate hepatocyte binding proteins interacting with the surface antigen protein (SHBs) of hepatitis B virus.
METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify SHBs gene. The target gene of SHBs was cloned into the yeast expression plasmid pDEST32 to construct bait plasmid pDEST32-SHBs. Western blot was employed to test SHBs expression after pDEST32-SHBs was transformed into the yeast cell MaV203 by Liac-mediated method. Both pDEST32-SHBs and pDEST22-cDNA were contemporarily transformed into MaV203 cells to screen the binding protein of SHBs. MaV203 cells were plated on synthetic dropout nutrient media (SC/-Trp-Leu-His-Ura) and X-gal containing media for selection and screening. After that, the prey plasmids from true positive colonies were extracted and sequenced. The partial cDNA sequences in prey plasmids were analyzed by bioinformatics software.
RESULTS: The yeast expression vector pDEST32-SHBs was successfully constructed. After screening, 3 pieces of cDNA in prey plasmids from true positive blue colonies were sequenced. The cDNA sequences were alpha-2-macroglobulin, tubulin alpha 1a and ribosomal protein L3.
CONCLUSION: Yeast-two hybrid method is successfully used for screening out alpha-2-macroglobulin, tubulin alpha 1a and ribosomal protein L3 as candidate binding proteins of SHBs.
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Significant prevalence of histologic disease in patients with chronic hepatitis B and mildly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase levels. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 6:569-74. [PMID: 18455697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2008.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Serum ALT remains the most accessible test available to clinicians for monitoring chronic hepatitis B virus infection, but appropriate action when ALT levels are only mildly elevated is ambiguous in standard guidelines. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of significant histology in a patient population with mildly elevated serum ALT levels. A total of 193 consecutive patients were selected and divided into 2 groups according to HBeAg status. Patients were further divided into cohorts on the basis of their highest ALT elevation during follow-up and whether it was 1-1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN), 1.5-2 times the ULN, or greater than twice the ULN. The ULN that was used is 30 U/L for men and 19 U/L for women. RESULTS In all cohorts there was a substantial fraction of patients with histologic disease as evaluated by liver biopsy. HBeAg-negative patients were older, had lower viral load, and had a higher prevalence of disease. After adjustments for age, HBeAg status and HBV DNA viral load were not predictors of significant histology. Age >35 years, male gender, and increasing ALT levels were predictors for significant histology on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of patients with mildly elevated ALT levels have significant histologic disease. The prevalence increased with the higher ALT levels and age.
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Li J, Huang H, Feng M, Zhou W, Shi X, Zhou P. In vitro and in vivo anti-hepatitis B virus activities of a plant extract from Geranium carolinianum L. Antiviral Res 2008; 79:114-20. [PMID: 18423640 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products provide a large reservoir of potentially active agents with anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. We examined the effect of the polyphenolic extract from Geranium carolinianum L. (PPGC) on HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo. In the human HBV-transfected liver cell line HepG(2) 2.2.15, PPGC effectively suppressed the secretion of the HBV antigens in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 46.85 microg/ml for HBsAg and 65.60 microg/ml for HBeAg at day 9. Consistent with the HBV antigen reduction, PPGC (100 microg/ml) also reduced HBV DNA level by 35.9%. In the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) infected ducks, after PPGC was dosed intragastricly (i.g.) once a day for 10 days, the plasma DHBV DNA level was reduced, with an ED(50) value of 47.54 mg/kg. In addition, Southern blot analysis confirmed the in vivo anti-HBV effect of PPGC in ducks and PPGC also reduced the plasma and the liver DHBV DNA level in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, significant improvement of the liver was observed after PPGC treatment, as evaluated by the histopathological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Li
- Department of Biosynthetic Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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