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Calderón-Garcidueñas L, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Rodríguez-López JL, Silva-Pereyra HG, Labrada-Delgado GJ, Pérez-Guillé B, Soriano-Rosales RE, Jiménez-Bravo Luna MA, Brito-Aguilar R, Mukherjee PS, Gayosso-Chávez C, Delgado-Chávez R. Environmental Fe, Ti, Al, Cu, Hg, Bi, and Si Nanoparticles in the Atrioventricular Conduction Axis and the Associated Ultrastructural Damage in Young Urbanites: Cardiac Arrhythmias Caused by Anthropogenic, Industrial, E-Waste, and Indoor Nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8203-8214. [PMID: 34081443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is a risk factor for arrhythmia. The atrioventricular (AV) conduction axis is key for the passage of electrical signals to ventricles. We investigated whether environmental nanoparticles (NPs) reach the AV axis and whether they are associated with ultrastructural cell damage. Here, we demonstrate the detection of the shape, size, and composition of NPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) in 10 subjects from Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) with a mean age of 25.3 ± 5.9 and a 71-year-old subject without cardiac pathology. We found that in every case, Fe, Ti, Al, Hg, Cu, Bi, and/or Si spherical or acicular NPs with a mean size of 36 ± 17 nm were present in the AV axis in situ, freely and as conglomerates, within the mitochondria, sarcomeres, lysosomes, lipofuscin, and/or intercalated disks and gap junctions of Purkinje and transitional cells, telocytes, macrophages, endothelium, and adjacent atrial and ventricular fibers. Erythrocytes were found to transfer NPs to the endothelium. Purkinje fibers with increased lysosomal activity and totally disordered myofilaments and fragmented Z-disks exhibited NP conglomerates in association with gap junctions and intercalated disks. AV conduction axis pathology caused by environmental NPs is a plausible and modifiable risk factor for understanding common arrhythmias and reentrant tachycardia. Anthropogenic, industrial, e-waste, and indoor NPs reach pacemaker regions, thereby increasing potential mechanisms that disrupt the electrical impulse pathways of the heart. The cardiotoxic, oxidative, and abnormal electric performance effects of NPs in pacemaker locations warrant extensive research. Cardiac arrhythmias associated with nanoparticle effects could be preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas
- The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, 287 Skaggs Building, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
- Universidad del Valle de México, Ciudad de México 14370, México
| | | | | | | | - Hector G Silva-Pereyra
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí 78216, México
| | - Gladis J Labrada-Delgado
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A. C., San Luis Potosí 78216, México
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Sampaio SMV, Craveiro NM, Darrieux F, de Oliveira ÍM, Scanavacca M, Hachul D. Accuracy of the pacemaker event recorder versus Holter-ECG to detect both symptomatic and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 29:154-159. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francisco Darrieux
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Mauricio Scanavacca
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Denise Hachul
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo SP Brazil
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