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Krishnan S V, Katyal A, Nair SS, Nayak KR. Comparing online and onsite simulation modules for improving knowledge and confidence in disaster preparedness among undergraduate medical students. Int J Emerg Med 2024; 17:93. [PMID: 39026156 PMCID: PMC11256551 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-024-00667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster preparedness is one of the critical strategies for effectively managing disasters and has been an area of high focus in the healthcare sector over the past few decades. The current Indian medical undergraduate curriculum does not describe any novel methods for disaster preparedness training. There is a need for a better understanding of novel teaching-learning methods and modes for administering disaster preparedness training among Indian medical students. OBJECTIVES Describe the undergraduate medical students' baseline knowledge and confidence level of disaster preparedness. Compare undergraduate medical students' knowledge scores and confidence levels on disaster preparedness after online and onsite delivery of the disaster preparedness module. METHODS In this educational interventional study, 103 medical students were divided into two groups and subjected to an online or onsite session of the validated disaster preparedness module (based on the COVID-19 pandemic), encompassing a simulation-based tabletop exercise. Baseline testing was done for 52 participants in the online group and 51 in the onsite group of the study. Post-intervention, they were assessed with single-response type MCQs for knowledge and Likert scale-based questions for confidence scores. The pretest and posttest scores were collected, and the data were analysed using two-tailed t-tests for paired analysis of within-group (online group or onsite group) and heteroscedastic analysis of between-group datasets. RESULTS One hundred and three participants completed the exercise-52 participants were from the online group, and 51 were from the onsite group. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant increase in knowledge and confidence in both online and onsite groups. There is, however, no significant difference in the 'percentage change' in 'knowledge' or 'confidence' between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the disaster preparedness module, delivered online and onsite, improves knowledge and confidence among undergraduate medical students. However, there is no superiority between one mode of delivery and the other. We conclude that online training can facilitate disaster preparedness training as a corollary to the prescribed traditional training methods for undergraduate medical students in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Krishnan S
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
- Centre for Resuscitation, Acute care and Simulation Training (CReST)), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.
| | - Aaditya Katyal
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Soumya S Nair
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India
| | - Kirtana Raghurama Nayak
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka, India
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Offenbacher J, Via D, Oren N, Assaf J, Nama A, Alpert EA. Integrating medical students into the emergency department during a protracted period of military conflict: Enhancing surge capacity and augmenting education. AEM EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2024; 8:e11006. [PMID: 38868167 PMCID: PMC11164710 DOI: 10.1002/aet2.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Offenbacher
- Department of Emergency MedicineNew York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Dror Via
- School of Medicine, Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Emergency MedicineHadassah University Medical Center–Ein KeremJerusalemIsrael
| | - Noa Oren
- School of Medicine, Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of Emergency MedicineHadassah University Medical Center–Ein KeremJerusalemIsrael
| | - Jacob Assaf
- Department of Emergency MedicineHadassah University Medical Center–Ein KeremJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ahmad Nama
- Department of Emergency MedicineHadassah University Medical Center–Ein KeremJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Evan Avraham Alpert
- Department of Emergency MedicineHadassah University Medical Center–Ein KeremJerusalemIsrael
- Faculty of MedicineHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
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Sebong PH, Pardosi J, Goldman RE, Suryo AP, Susianto IA, Meliala A. Identifying Physician Public Health Competencies to Address Healthcare Needs in Underserved, Border, and Outer Island Areas of Indonesia: A Rapid Assessment. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38743583 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2024.2353573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Most medical schools in Indonesia have developed innovations to integrate public health content into the curricula. However, ensuring that all schools meet appropriate standards regarding the quality of subjects, content relevancy, and course delivery takes time and effort. Approach: This study employed a rapid assessment procedure to identify the current knowledge and competencies required to practice medicine effectively in underserved, border, and outer island areas of Indonesia. Ninety-three participants from six remote districts were involved in 12 focus group discussions. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis using the social determinants of health as a guiding framework. Findings: Under decentralized health system governance, the local socio-geographical context is critical to understanding the current public health landscape. Medical education with respect to public health must emphasize physicians' ability to advocate and encourage the coordination of healthcare services in responding to disasters, as well as community-based surveillance and other relevant data for synergistic disease control. As part of a healthcare facility management team, prospective doctors should be able to apply systems thinking and provide critical input to improve service delivery at local health facilities. Also, recognizing underlying factors is essential to realizing effective interprofessional collaboration practices and aligning them with leadership skills. Insights: This study outlines recommendations for medical schools and relevant colleges in formulating compulsory block or integrated public health curricula. It also provides a public health learning topic that may aid medical schools in training their students to be competent for practice in underserved, border, and outer island areas. Medical schools should offer initiatives for students to acquire the necessary public health competencies merited by the population's health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perigrinus Hermin Sebong
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jerico Pardosi
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Roberta Ellen Goldman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Family Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Indra Adi Susianto
- Faculty of Medicine, Soegijapranata Catholic University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Andreasta Meliala
- Center for Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Su Z, McDonnell D, Bentley BL, Cheshmehzangi A, Ahmad J, Šegalo S, da Veiga CP, Xiang YT. Pandemic Volunteers: The Imperative for Regulations and Training. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e36. [PMID: 38410072 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Human Rights, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Barry L Bentley
- Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Collaboration for the Advancement of Sustainable Medical Innovation, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Center of Innovation for Education and Research (CIER), Qingdao City University, Qingdao, Zhejiang, China
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sabina Šegalo
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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Schilly K, Huhn M, Visker JD, Cox C. Evaluation of a Disaster Preparedness Curriculum and Medical Students' Views on Preparedness Education Requirements for Health Professionals. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2024; 18:e8. [PMID: 38282524 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In general, medical students perceive themselves as inadequately prepared to assist in disasters. This study evaluated the impact of a disaster preparedness curriculum and medical students' views toward required preparedness education for health care professionals. METHODS A comprehensive disaster preparedness curriculum was evaluated on its effect on medical students' views on preparedness education requirements, preparedness, and prior disaster training using self-report survey methodology. RESULTS Results provide evidence to support curricular effectiveness in significantly increasing initial participant views of health professionals' education requirements, perceived preparedness for integrating professional roles into the emergency response system, and confidence in exposure risk assessment and triage skills. Most participants possessed limited recent prior disaster training and drill experience. Most interestingly, the majority consistently believed throughout the study that disaster preparedness training should be a medical license mandate. CONCLUSIONS For those instructing current medical students in disaster preparedness, it is suggested that a curriculum be chosen that can create participant initial anticipation, awareness, and belief in the importance of and need for disaster preparedness training. Further investigation is recommended into the relationship between students' perceived training importance and any future curriculum delivery efforts on behalf of required or mandatory preparedness offerings in continuing professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Schilly
- Truman State University, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Madelyn Huhn
- Truman State University, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Kirksville, MO, USA
| | - Joseph D Visker
- Minnesota State University-Mankato, Department of Health Science, Mankato, MN, USA
| | - Carol Cox
- Truman State University, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Kirksville, MO, USA
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Ali A, Abodunrin A, Al Khayyat S, Novakovic D, O’Connor N, Hussein G. Medical School Curriculum Relating to Clinical Ethical Decision Making During a Pandemic: A Scoping Review. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2024; 11:23821205241240610. [PMID: 38510930 PMCID: PMC10953083 DOI: 10.1177/23821205241240610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for medical students to be prepared to make adequate decisions during unique challenges presented during pandemics. Objective This review aims to provide a comprehensive look into the current global literature that discusses medical curricula on clinical ethical issues during a pandemic. Methods The scoping review methodology was divided into three stages. Phase 1, planning, involved identifying key terms, selecting databases, creating a search criterion, and deciding on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Phase 2, study selection and data extraction, included screening the title and abstract, reviewing the complete text, and extracting data. Phase 3, analysis and write-up, comprised analyzing the extracted information and composing the review. Results 10 studies were included and underwent data extraction as part of the review. The studies varied by country, study design, institution, education setting, and course titles. Ethical issues identified while reviewing the curriculums were resource allocation, healthcare worker obligations, personal protective equipment, disease control, communication, management protocols, and patient care. Conclusion This review revealed a lack of literature regarding the curriculum for medical students on ethical issues during a pandemic. This indicates a need for reform in medical education to cover pandemic preparedness and ethical concerns during a pandemic. If medical schools do not address this gap, future physicians may encounter the same issues healthcare workers faced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Ali
- Trinity College, School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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Chen L, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Shan J, Zeng L. Exploration and practice of humanistic education for medical students based on volunteerism. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2023; 28:2182691. [PMID: 36840966 PMCID: PMC9970200 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2182691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humanistic education aims to promote educated people's practical and conscious activities to enhance their humanity, cultivate ideal personalities, and realize personal and social values, to develop a humanistic spirit. The advancement of higher education in China has led to the proposal to strengthen scientific and humanistic education integration. Medicine is between science and humanities, shouldering the important task of training senior medical personnel, the quality of medical students will affect the quality of future medical and health work; thus, medical students must explore and practice humanistic education. Promoting and practicing volunteerism is a specific act of constructing spiritual civilization in the whole society, and it is also considered beneficial for improving citizens' sense of responsibility and dedication. Medical students' practice of volunteerism and help in society is a precise manifestation of humanistic care. This review summarizes medical students' exploration and practice of humanistic education in volunteering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yingjun Zhu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Shan
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Luxian Zeng
- Unions of Trade, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Bughrara MS, Swanberg SM, Lucia VC, Schmitz K, Jung D, Wunderlich-Barillas T. Beyond COVID-19: the impact of recent pandemics on medical students and their education: a scoping review. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2023; 28:2139657. [PMID: 36331873 PMCID: PMC9639463 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2139657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past two years, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has greatly altered medical student education as well as daily life. Medical schools across the world were disrupted and had to immediately adapt the educational experience to the online environment in order to continue the delivery of quality medical education. However, COVID-19 was not the only recent pandemic. This posed the question, were similar disruptions and adaptations also seen in recent past pandemics such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) or Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that could have prepared medical educators for COVID-19? This scoping review investigated the educational and personal impact of recent pandemics on medical students. METHODS This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews. Nine databases including PubMed, ERIC, and EMBASE were systematically searched using keywords and subject headings related to medical students and SARS, H1N1, MERS, Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19. Studies were limited to research studies published between 2000 and 2020 and in English. Based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, all studies were independently screened by two reviewers first by the title/abstract and then via full text. Data were extracted from the included studies and analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis. RESULTS A total of 174 studies fit the criteria. Seven major themes emerged from those studies: educational adaptations and online modifications, knowledge and attitudes of students, mental wellness of students, student involvement and use of telehealth, student vaccination, physical wellness of students, and stigma. CONCLUSION This review provided insights into how medical students were affected by recent pandemics and their perceptions of pivoting to online education, mental health, and knowledge of the diseases. Additionally, this review showcases the various educational adaptations that emerged uniquely during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as telehealth services or video conferencing tools, that can be utilized in a post-pandemic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneb S. Bughrara
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Swanberg
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Moustakas Johnson Library, Michigan School of Psychology, Farmington Hills, MI, USA
| | - Victoria C. Lucia
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Keaton Schmitz
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Dawn Jung
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas
- Department of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
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Maggio LA, Byington CL, Toner ES, Kanter SL. A Chief Health Security Officer for Every Academic Health Center: Improving Readiness, Response, Recovery, and Resilience. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:1247-1250. [PMID: 37556815 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000005435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Academic health centers (AHCs) require expertise to ensure readiness for health security events, such as cyberattacks, natural disasters, and pandemics, as well as the ability to respond to and recover from these events. However, most AHCs lack an individual to coordinate efforts at an enterprise level across academic and operational units during an emergency; elevate the coordination of individual AHCs with local and state public health entities; and through professional organizations, coordinate the work of AHCs across national and international public health entities. Informed by AHCs' responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and a series of focused meetings in 2021 of the Association of Academic Health Centers President's Council on Health Security, the authors propose creating a new C-suite role to meet these critical needs: the chief health security officer (CHSO). The CHSO would be responsible for the AHC's overall health security and would report to the AHC's chief executive officer or president. The authors describe the role of CHSO in relation to the preparation, response, and recovery phases of public health events necessary for health security. They also propose key duties for this position and encourage institutions to offer training and credentials to facilitate the creation and define the portfolios of CHSO positions at AHCs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Maggio
- L.A. Maggio is professor of medicine and health professions education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-6133
| | - Carrie L Byington
- C.L. Byington is executive vice president, University of California Health, Oakland, California; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7350-9495
| | - Eric S Toner
- E.S. Toner is senior associate, Center for Health Security, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5292-9450
| | - Steven L Kanter
- S.L. Kanter is special advisor to the president and CEO, Association of American Medical Colleges, Washington, DC; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-1503
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Oon JEL, Mok SF, Samarasekera DD, Teunissen P. Training infectious diseases senior residents during COVID-19: The impact and the lessons learnt. MEDICAL TEACHER 2023; 45:1005-1011. [PMID: 36688916 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2168182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had major impact on the training of Infectious Diseases (ID) residents across the globe. They were part of the frontline staff, while at the same time training to be ID physicians. This study focused on identifying their capability, i.e. the ability to adapt existing competencies to new situations, which is now recognised as an essential element of professional practice. AIM This study explored what ID residents learnt and how they learnt as they adapted to working in this unpredictable and challenging COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This qualitative explorative study was based in the Infectious Diseases Senior Residency Programme across three training institutions in Singapore. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using a template analysis technique. RESULTS Nine ID residents participated in this study. They learnt to engage with uncertainty in a meaningful way by relying on prior training and rapidly learning how to most effectively learn (metacognition). Learning was enhanced by collaboration between multidisciplinary health professionals, strong leadership and intrinsic motivation from personal interest in ID. They learnt through observing how senior faculty approached and managed the COVID-19 situation. CONCLUSION When learning for future capability in a rapidly evolving situation, role-modelling and mentoring are essential as available information resources may still not provide the learning from skilled doctors with actual experiences managing complex, uncertain situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Ee Ling Oon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shao Feng Mok
- Department of Endocrinology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Pim Teunissen
- School of Health Professions Education, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Byrne MHV, Ashcroft J, Wan JCM, Alexander L, Harvey A, Arora A, Schindler N, Brown MEL, Brassett C. Examining medical student volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic as a prosocial behaviour during an emergency. Postgrad Med J 2023; 99:883-893. [PMID: 37002858 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the factors that influence prosocial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic is essential due to the disruption to healthcare provision. METHODS We conducted an in-depth, mixed-methods cross-sectional survey, from 2 May 2020 to 15 June 2020, of medical students at medical schools in the United Kingdom. Data analysis was informed by Latané and Darley's theory of prosocial behaviour during an emergency. RESULTS A total of 1145 medical students from 36 medical schools responded. Although 947 (82.7%) of students were willing to volunteer, only 391 (34.3%) had volunteered. Of the students, 92.7% understood they may be asked to volunteer; however, we found deciding one's responsibility to volunteer was mitigated by a complex interaction between the interests of others and self-interest. Further, concerns revolving around professional role boundaries influenced students' decisions over whether they had the required skills and knowledge. CONCLUSION We propose two additional domains to Latané and Darley's theory that medical students consider before making their final decision to volunteer: 'logistics' and 'safety'. We highlight modifiable barriers to prosocial behaviour and provide suggestions regarding how the conceptual framework can be operationalized within educational strategies to address these barriers. Optimizing the process of volunteering can aid healthcare provision and may facilitate a safer volunteering process. Key messages What is already known on this topic: There is a discrepancy between the number of students willing to volunteer during pandemics and disasters, and those who actually volunteer. Understanding the factors that influence prosocial behaviour during the current COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics and disasters is essential. What this study adds: We expanded on Latané and Darley's theory of prosocial behaviour in an emergency and used this to conceptualize students' motivations to volunteer, highlighting a number of modifiable barriers to prosocial behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy: We provide suggestions regarding how the conceptual framework can be operationalized to support prosocial behaviours during emergencies for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H V Byrne
- Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, United Kingdom
| | - James Ashcroft
- Department of Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laith Alexander
- Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Harvey
- King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Anmol Arora
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Schindler
- Paediatric Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Norwich, NR4 7UY, United Kingdom
- Institute of Continuing Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB23 8AQ, United Kingdom
| | - Megan E L Brown
- Health Professions Education Unit, Hull York Medical School, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Cecilia Brassett
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EL, United Kingdom
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Qattan M, Alwashali D, Alshinawi M, Sulimani OA, Alluqmani L, AlQurashi M, Alfahmi N, Althubaiti R, Aboalshamat K. Perceptions of volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical and dental professionals in Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1197-1201. [PMID: 37636197 PMCID: PMC10451581 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2422_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Volunteering can be defined as any action where time is freely donated to help another individual, organization, or cause. During pandemics, volunteers in the healthcare industry are essential. There were different perspectives on volunteering around the world. This study evaluated Saudi Arabia's clinical medical and dentistry students' attitudes and perspectives on volunteering during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study of medical and dental students completing the clinical experience in Saudi Arabia. A web-based survey gathered data, and SPSS, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis. Results The majority of participants had positive attitudes and perceptions of volunteering during COVID-19 on most items. A total of 93.80% said they would volunteer given the opportunity, and 86.25% would respond to governmental calls during health crises. However, 62.26% would volunteer only if compensated, 66.58% needed parental approval before volunteering, and 74.93% had fears about infecting family members. Nearly all items were not significantly different by specialty (medicine/dentistry), gender, nationality, region, or education level. Conclusions Medical and dentistry professionals had good attitudes about volunteering during health disasters, especially when provided proper protection and training. The majority of participants were likely to respond to governmental calls if needed. Future studies should investigate compensation methods and types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Qattan
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Alwashali
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Alshinawi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Luran Alluqmani
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Najwa Alfahmi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehaf Althubaiti
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Aboalshamat
- Department of Preventative Dentistry, Dental Public Health Division, College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Adam S, Haile-Redai A, Harrow S. Strategies to improve healthcare students' intention to care for COVID-19 patients: A medical student perspective. J Clin Nurs 2023; 32:1512-1513. [PMID: 34661329 PMCID: PMC8661848 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhaylah Adam
- Final year medical student, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ayda Haile-Redai
- Final year medical student, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simeon Harrow
- Final year medical student, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bieri J, Tuor C, Nendaz M, L Savoldelli G, Blondon K, Schiffer E, Zamberg I. Implementation of a Student-Teacher-Based Blended Curriculum for the Training of Medical Students for Nasopharyngeal Swab and Intramuscular Injection: Mixed Methods Pre-Post and Satisfaction Surveys. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 9:e38870. [PMID: 36862500 PMCID: PMC10020911 DOI: 10.2196/38870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic caused a major disruption in the health care sector with increased workload and the need for new staff to assist with screening and vaccination tasks. Within this context, teaching medical students to perform intramuscular injections and nasal swabs could help address workforce needs. Although several recent studies discuss medical students' role and integration in clinical activities during the pandemic, knowledge gaps exist concerning their role and potential benefit in designing and leading teaching activities during this period. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to prospectively assess the impact in terms of confidence, cognitive knowledge, and perceived satisfaction of a student-teacher-designed educational activity consisting of nasopharyngeal swabs and intramuscular injections for the training of second-year medical students in the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. METHODS This was a mixed methods pre-post surveys and satisfaction survey study. Activities were designed using evidence-based teaching methodologies based on the SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely) criteria. All second-year medical students who did not participate in the activity's old format were recruited unless they explicitly stated that they wanted to opt out. Pre-post activity surveys were designed to assess perception of confidence and cognitive knowledge. An additional survey was designed to assess satisfaction in the mentioned activities. Instructional design was blended with a presession e-learning activity and a 2-hour practice session with simulators. RESULTS Between December 13, 2021, and January 25, 2022, a total of 108 second-year medical students were recruited; 82 (75.9%) students participated in the preactivity survey and 73 (67.6%) in the postactivity survey. Students' confidence in performing intramuscular injections and nasal swabs significantly increased on a 5-point Likert scale for both procedures-from 3.31 (SD 1.23) and 3.59 (SD 1.13) before the activity to 4.45 (SD 0.62) and 4.32 (SD 0.76) after the activity (P<.001), respectively. Perceptions of cognitive knowledge acquisition also significantly increased for both activities. For the nasopharyngeal swab, knowledge acquisition concerning indications increased from 2.7 (SD 1.24) to 4.15 (SD 0.83), and for the intramuscular injection, knowledge acquisition concerning indications increased from 2.64 (SD 1.1) to 4.34 (SD 0.65) (P<.001). Knowledge of contraindications for both activities increased from 2.43 (SD 1.1) to 3.71 (SD 1.12) and from 2.49 (SD 1.13) to 4.19 (SD 0.63), respectively (P<.001). High satisfaction rates were reported for both activities. CONCLUSIONS Student-teacher-based blended activities for training novice medical students in commonly performed procedural skills seem effective for increasing their confidence and cognitive knowledge and should be further integrated within a medical school curriculum. Blended learning instructional design increases students' satisfaction about clinical competency activities. Future research should elucidate the impact of student-teacher-designed and student-teacher-led educational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bieri
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tuor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Nendaz
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Georges L Savoldelli
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Blondon
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Schiffer
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ido Zamberg
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Education, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Pang NTP, Tio VCS, Singh ASB, Tseu MWL, Shoesmith WD, Abd Rahim MA, Mohd Kassim MA. Efficacy of a single-session online ACT-based mindfulness intervention among undergraduates in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2023; 44:e20200172. [PMID: 34392668 PMCID: PMC10039730 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has trickle-down psychological effects on multiple strata of society, particularly university students. Apart from the worry of contracting or spreading COVID-19, Malaysian university students were also locked down on their campuses, suffering significant psychological distress. Hence, an online mindfulness intervention was proposed to alleviate psychological distress and improve psychological flexibility and mindfulness. METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study with university students as participants. Intervention group participants were instructed to complete online questionnaires which covered basic demographics and instruments assessing depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and fear of COVID-19 before and after the one-hour intervention. The control group also completed before and after questionnaires and were subsequently crossed over to the intervention group. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to assess time*group effects. RESULTS 118 participants were involved in this study. There were significant differences in anxiety (F(1,116) = 34.361, p < 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.229) and psychological flexibility between the two groups (F(1,116) = 11.010, p = 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.087), while there were no differences in depression, stress, mindfulness, or fear of COVID-19. CONCLUSION The results of this study corroborate the efficacy of online single-session mindfulness therapy as a viable short-term psychological intervention under financial and time constraints. Since university students are in the age group with the highest incidence of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is crucial to utilize resources to address as many students as possible to ensure maximum benefit.
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Kao CL, Chien LC, Wang MC, Tang JS, Huang PC, Chuang CC, Shih CL. The development of new remote technologies in disaster medicine education: A scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1029558. [PMID: 37033011 PMCID: PMC10080133 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1029558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Remote teaching and online learning have significantly changed the responsiveness and accessibility after the COVID-19 pandemic. Disaster medicine (DM) has recently gained prominence as a critical issue due to the high frequency of worldwide disasters, especially in 2021. The new artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced technologies and concepts have recently progressed in DM education. Objectives The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with the remote technologies that have been developed and used in DM education over the past 20 years. Literature scoping reviews Mobile edge computing (MEC), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/drones, deep learning (DL), and visual reality stimulation, e.g., head-mounted display (HMD), are selected as promising and inspiring designs in DM education. Methods We performed a comprehensive review of the literature on the remote technologies applied in DM pedagogy for medical, nursing, and social work, as well as other health discipline students, e.g., paramedics. Databases including PubMed (MEDLINE), ISI Web of Science (WOS), EBSCO (EBSCO Essentials), Embase (EMB), and Scopus were used. The sourced results were recorded in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart and followed in accordance with the PRISMA extension Scoping Review checklist. We included peer-reviewed articles, Epubs (electronic publications such as databases), and proceedings written in English. VOSviewer for related keywords extracted from review articles presented as a tabular summary to demonstrate their occurrence and connections among these DM education articles from 2000 to 2022. Results A total of 1,080 research articles on remote technologies in DM were initially reviewed. After exclusion, 64 articles were included in our review. Emergency remote teaching/learning education, remote learning, online learning/teaching, and blended learning are the most frequently used keywords. As new remote technologies used in emergencies become more advanced, DM pedagogy is facing more complex problems. Discussions Artificial intelligence-enhanced remote technologies promote learning incentives for medical undergraduate students or graduate professionals, but the efficacy of learning quality remains uncertain. More blended AI-modulating pedagogies in DM education could be increasingly important in the future. More sophisticated evaluation and assessment are needed to implement carefully considered designs for effective DM education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Kao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Regional Emergency Medical Operations Center-Tainan Branch, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chien Chien
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Regional Emergency Medical Operations Center-Tainan Branch, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Wang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shia Tang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chang Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Regional Emergency Medical Operations Center-Tainan Branch, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Chang Chuang
| | - Chung-Liang Shih
- Department of Medical Affairs, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Chung-Liang Shih
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Hsu CC, Tsai SH, Tsai PJ, Chang YC, Tsai YD, Chen YC, Lai KC, Wang JC, Yang TC, Liao WI, Chen SJ. An Adapted Hybrid Model for Hands-On Practice on Disaster and Military Medicine Education in Undergraduate Medical Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Acute Med 2022; 12:145-157. [PMID: 36761853 PMCID: PMC9815997 DOI: 10.6705/j.jacme.202212_12(4).0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in substantial impacts on all aspects of medical education. Modern health systems must prepare for a wide variety of catastrophic scenarios, including emerging infectious disease outbreaks and human and natural disasters. During the COVID-19 pandemic, while the use of traditional teaching methods has decreased, the use of online-based teaching methods has increased. COVID-19 itself and the accompanying infection control measures have restricted full-scale practice. Therefore, we developed an adapted hybrid model that retained adequate hands-on practice and educational equality, and we applied it with a group of undergraduate medical students participating in a mandatory disaster education course in a military medical school. Methods The course covered the acquisition of skills used in emergency and trauma scenarios through designated interdisciplinary modules on disaster responses. Several asynchronous and synchronous online webinars were used in this one-credit mandatory disaster and military medicine education course. To allow opportunities for hands-on practice and ensure education equality, the students were divided into 15 groups, with 12 students in each group. The hands-on practice exercises were also recorded and disseminated to the students in the designated area for online learning. Results A total of 164 3rd-year medical students participated in this mandatory disaster and military medicine course during the COVID-19 pandemic. The satisfaction survey response rate was 96.5%. The students were satisfied with the whole curriculum (3.8/5). Most of the free-text comments regarding the course represented a high level of appreciation. The students felt more confident in the knowledge and skills they gained in hands-on exercises than they did in the knowledge and skills they gained in online exercises. The students showed significant improvements in knowledge after the course. Conclusions We demonstrated that this adapted hybrid arrangement provided an enhanced learning experience, but we also found that medical students were more confident in their knowledge and skills when they had real hands-on practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Hsu
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Tsai
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jan Tsai
- National Defense Medical Center School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chi Chang
- National Defense Medical Center School of Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi-Da Tsai
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yin-Chung Chen
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Lai
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chun Wang
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tse-Chun Yang
- National Defense Medical Center Health Service Training Center Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen-I Liao
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sy-Jou Chen
- Tri-Service General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Taipei Taiwan
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The Involvement of the European Master in Disaster Medicine (EMDM) Alumni in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response: An Example of the Perceived Relevance of Disaster Medicine Education during Disasters. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022; 37:765-771. [PMID: 36106581 PMCID: PMC9530386 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x22001340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed a gap in disaster preparedness of health workers globally. Disaster medicine education is a key element to fill this gap. Objectives: This study evaluated the involvement of the European Master in Disaster Medicine (EMDM) Alumni in the current COVID-19 pandemic response and their self-perceived value of the EMDM educational program in accomplishing their tasks during the disaster. Methods: An online survey targeting the EMDM Alumni was conducted from January through March 2021. Quantitative data were described using percentages or means, as appropriate, while qualitative data were categorized using deductive thematic analysis. Results: In total, 259 Alumni completed the survey. Most of the Alumni (88.03%; standard error of the proportion [SEp] = 0.02) participated directly in the COVID-19 pandemic response – nationally or internationally – with different roles and responsibilities at different levels and sectors. Around 25% of the Alumni reported an increase in their tasks and responsibilities due to COVID-19 response, but few worked beyond their main specialization (5.26%) or expertise (2.19%). Moreover, Alumni shifted their role from clinical practice to managerial, public health, education and training, and policymaking roles during COVID-19 (P <.001). Participants believed that the EMDM study program and the competencies acquired during the course were relevant and useful to perform their tasks during the COVID-19 pandemic response (mean = 5.26; 5.17 standard error of the mean [SEM] = 0.108, 0.107), respectively. Around 36% (SEp = 0.03) of the participants deemed that some contents were not sufficient for COVID-19 response. Conclusion: Most of the EMDM Alumni were involved in the COVID-19 pandemic response, playing diverse roles with an increased level of responsibility compared to those played before the pandemic. Moreover, the Alumni perceived the EMDM curriculum as relevant for accomplishing their tasks. However, they also reported gaps within the curriculum, especially topics related to outbreak and pandemic response. The findings of the study stress the value of investing in disaster medicine education world-wide and of pushing to update and standardize post-graduate disaster medicine curricula.
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Response to Mass-Casualty Incidents and Outbreaks: A Prehospital Disaster Training Package Developed for the National Emergency Medical Service in Sierra Leone. Prehosp Disaster Med 2022; 37:701-705. [PMID: 35861110 PMCID: PMC9470523 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x22001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sierra Leone is a country highly prone to disasters, still recovering from the catastrophic 2014 Ebola epidemic. In 2018, the country launched its first National Emergency Medical Service (NEMS) aiming to strengthen the provision of essential health services to the population with the long-term goal of creating a resilient health system able to effectively respond to and recover from emergencies. The Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid, and Global Health (CRIMEDIM), together with the Italian NGO Doctors with Africa (CUAMM), under the direct supervision of the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS), developed a prehospital Disaster Training Package (DTP) to be delivered to all NEMS personnel to boost the prehospital management of mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) and outbreaks. The DTP included a first phase in which NEMS local trainers underwent a training-of-trainers (ToT) course, enabling them to deliver cascade trainings to 16 district ambulance supervisors, 441 paramedics, 441 ambulance drivers, and 36 operators working in the NEMS operation center. This on-going training package represents the first Disaster Medicine training course for prehospital health professionals in Sierra Leone.
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Knowledge of Human Monkeypox and Its Relation to Conspiracy Beliefs among Students in Jordanian Health Schools: Filling the Knowledge Gap on Emerging Zoonotic Viruses. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58070924. [PMID: 35888642 PMCID: PMC9317638 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: The recent multi-country outbreak of human monkeypox (HMPX) in non-endemic regions poses an emerging public health concern. University students in health schools/faculties represent a core knowledgeable group that can be helpful to study from a public health point of view. As future healthcare workers, assessment of their knowledge and attitude towards emerging zoonotic viral infections can be helpful to assess their taught material and courses with potential improvement if gaps in knowledge were identified. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the level of HMPX knowledge, conspiracy beliefs regarding emerging virus infections, as well as their associated determinants among university students studying Medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Medical Laboratory Sciences, and Rehabilitation in Jordanian health schools/faculties. In addition, we sought to evaluate the correlation between HMPX knowledge and the extent of holding conspiracy beliefs regarding emerging viral infection. Materials and Methods: A convenient sample of university students was obtained through an electronic survey distributed in late May 2022 using the chain-referral approach. Assessment of HMPX knowledge and general attitude towards emerging virus infections was based on survey items adopted from previously published literature. Results: The study sample comprised 615 students with a mean age of 20 years and a majority of females (432, 70.2%) and medical students (n = 351, 57.1%). Out of eleven monkeypox knowledge items, three were identified correctly by >70% of the respondents. Only 26.2% of the respondents (n = 161) knew that vaccination to prevent monkeypox is available. Age was significantly associated with better HMPX knowledge for a majority of items. Older age, females, and affiliation to non-medical schools/faculties were associated with harboring higher levels of conspiracy beliefs regarding emerging virus infections. Our data also indicate that lower levels of HMPX knowledge were associated with higher levels of conspiracy beliefs. Conclusion: The current study pointed to generally unsatisfactory levels of knowledge regarding the emerging HMPX among university students in Jordanian health schools/faculties. Conspiracy beliefs regarding emerging virus infections were widely prevalent, and its potential detrimental impact on health behavior should be evaluated in future studies.
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Holzmann-Littig C, Zerban NL, Storm C, Ulhaas L, Pfeiffer M, Kotz A, Wijnen-Meijer M, Keil S, Huber J. One academic year under COVID-19 conditions: two multicenter cross-sectional evaluation studies among medical students in Bavarian medical schools, Germany students' needs, difficulties, and concerns about digital teaching and learning. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:450. [PMID: 35681177 PMCID: PMC9183753 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since March 2020, COVID-19 has created a need for adaptation in many areas of life. This study explores medical students' perspectives on digital teaching under conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on expectations and concerns about digital teaching, the evaluation of specific aspects of teaching, and requests for future teaching. METHODS Six German faculties have joined forces within the Bavarian network for medical education to develop and deploy a common core questionnaire. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted at the end of the summer semester 2020 and winter semester 2020/21. Medical students from different semesters participated in the online survey. Data was analyzed descriptively and/or inferentially. Item differences across semesters were examined using contingency tables and Chi2 tests. Mean values were compared using the independent samples t-test; answer frequencies in retrospective and prospective concerns were compared using contingency tables and Chi2 tests with Yates' correction. RESULTS In the summer semester 2020, 1565 students and in winter semester 2020/21, 1727 students took part in the survey. Students' main prospective concern was lack of social exchange between fellow students (70%), but also with teachers. Second and third most often concerns were a lack of practical training (68%) and lack of integration of on-site digital teaching (50%). Approximately 7% of the students lacked sufficient access to technical equipment.. Approximately 39% of the students lacked a sufficient internet connection for synchronous digital teaching, 17% for asynchronous digital teaching. On-site teaching was the preferred form of teaching (60%), and there was a preference for asynchronous (24%) over synchronous (15%) digital teaching. Teaching recordings (79%) were particularly popular to complement future on-site teaching. CONCLUSIONS The following areas of education under COVID-19 conditions are highly important to medical students: adequacy of information sharing, integration of opportunities for exchange with fellow students and teachers, possibility to perform practical trainings. After the normalization of the pandemic situation, on-site teaching should be supplemented with blended learning concepts such as the inverted classroom model. Percentages of results are rounded averages from summer and winter semesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Holzmann-Littig
- TUM Medical Education Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Nina L Zerban
- Institute of Medical Teaching and Medical Education Research, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Simulated Patient Program, Faculty of Medicine, Julius-Maximilians-Universität of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clara Storm
- Institute for Medical Education, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lilian Ulhaas
- Faculty of Medicine, Dean's Office and Department of Medical Education Augsburg DEMEDA, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mona Pfeiffer
- Institute for Medical Education, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kotz
- Faculty of Medicine, Office of the Dean for Student Affairs, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marjo Wijnen-Meijer
- TUM Medical Education Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Keil
- Faculty of Medicine, Dean's Office, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Huber
- Institute for Medical Education, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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Taylor R, Khazanchi R, Medcalf S, Figy SC, Lyden ER, High R, Talmon G, Nelson KL. Design and Evaluation of a Novel Health Security, Infectious Diseases, Health Systems Science, and Service Learning Course During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Secur 2022; 20:238-245. [PMID: 35675667 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2021.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, academic health centers suspended clinical clerkships for students. A need emerged for innovative virtual curricula to continue fostering professional competencies. In March 2020, a multidisciplinary team from the University of Nebraska Medical Center had 2 weeks to create a course on the impact of infectious diseases that addressed the COVID-19 pandemic in real time for upper-level medical and physician assistant students. Content addressing social determinants of health, medical ethics, population health, service learning, health security, and emergency preparedness were interwoven throughout the course to emphasize critical roles during a pandemic. In total, 320 students were invited to complete the survey on knowledge gained and attitudes about the course objectives and materials and 139 responded (response rate 43%). Students documented over 8,000 total hours of service learning; many created nonprofit organizations, aligned their initiatives with health systems efforts, and partnered with community-based organizations. Thematic analysis of qualitative evaluations revealed that learners found the greatest value in the emphasis on social determinants of health, bioethics, and service learning. The use of predeveloped, asynchronous e-modules were widely noted as the least effective aspect of the course. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced substantial challenges in medical education but also provided trainees with an unprecedented opportunity to learn from real-world emergency preparedness and public health responses. The University of Nebraska Medical Center plans to create a health security elective that includes traditional competencies for emergency preparedness and interrogates the social and structural vulnerabilities that drive disproportionately worse outcomes among marginalized communities. With further evaluation, many components of the curriculum could be broadly scaled to meet the increasing need for more public health and health security medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Taylor
- Regan Taylor, MD, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Rohan Khazanchi
- Rohan Khazanchi, MPH, is a Medical Student, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Sharon Medcalf
- Sharon Medcalf, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Sean C Figy
- Sean C. Figy, MD, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Elizabeth R Lyden
- Elizabeth R. Lyden, MS, is an Instructor, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Robin High
- Robin High, MA, is a Statistician, Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Geoffrey Talmon
- Geoffrey Talmon, MD, is a Professor, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Kari L Nelson
- Kari L. Nelson, PhD, is an Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Kim EA, Kim HR, Kim B. Factors influencing medical and nursing students' willingness to care for COVID-19 patients in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:161. [PMID: 35260153 PMCID: PMC8902902 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the stability and adequacy of the global healthcare system. In this situation, authorities have considered engaging medical and nursing students to address the shortage of frontline healthcare workers. This study investigated the effect of COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors on medical and nursing students' willingness to care for COVID-19 patients. METHODS Medical and nursing students from universities in two regions of South Korea participated in this cross-sectional study. A total of 330 questionnaires were distributed; of them, 99.3% were collected, and 315 questionnaires were analyzed. Data were collected on participants' general characteristics, COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive behaviors, and willingness to care for COVID-19 patients. RESULTS In total, 66.3% of the participants were willing to care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students in higher grades and those with more clinical practice experience showed higher levels of willingness to care. Specifically, willingness to care was correlated with the senior year (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.24 - 10.37, p = .019), a high level of COVID-19-related knowledge (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00 - 1.05, p = .041), an optimistic attitude that COVID-19 can be overcome (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.24 - 2.14, p < .001), and increased engagement in infection prevention behaviors (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.16 - 1.71, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that a high level of knowledge regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, having an optimistic attitude, and engaging in preventive behaviors affected students' willingness to care for COVID-19 patients. Integrating disaster preparedness courses in the early years of their curriculum could increase future healthcare providers' willingness to care for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun A Kim
- Department of Nursing, Honam University, 417 Eodeung-daero, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju, 62399, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ran Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Boyoung Kim
- College of Nursing, Chonnam National University, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Bahdila D, Ticku S, Nath S, Aflatooni N, Dolce MC, Hackley DM, Barrow JR. Pandemic Preparedness in Dental Education: A U.S-Based National Survey. J Dent Educ 2022; 86:839-845. [PMID: 35084742 PMCID: PMC9015501 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The Coronavirus Disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic highlighted the need for pandemic preparedness (PP) in health professions training. We aimed to (1) establish a current profile on curricular content of PP in US dental schools and (2) examine how schools were adapting their curricula in response to COVID‐19. Methods An online survey was developed and sent to senior leadership to all 66 Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA)‐accredited US dental schools including Deans of Academic or Clinical Affairs from November 2020–February 2021. Questions addressed PP curricular content, teaching methods, and evaluation. Participants were asked about the barriers and facilitators for the inclusion of this content. The survey also included questions on redeployment of the clinical workforce in response to the pandemic. Results The response rate was 31.8% (n = 21) with representation from every US Census Bureau‐designated division. While all responding dental schools agreed that dental professionals can play an important role during pandemics, 38.1% reported including content on PP into their pre‐ or postdoctoral curriculum. In response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, approximately 47.6% indicated redeployment of their clinical workforce to participate in disaster life support, assisting physicians in COVID‐19 cases, and assisting hospitals with personal protective equipment (PPE). Conclusion There was general agreement that dental professionals can play an important role during pandemics. The participating US dental schools responded to the COVID‐19 pandemic by integrating novel clinical activities. More efforts are required to include PP in dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Bahdila
- Department of Oral Health Policy and EpidemiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Preventive Dental SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Shenam Ticku
- Department of Oral Health Policy and EpidemiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sapna Nath
- Harvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Maria C. Dolce
- Department of Comprehensive CareTufts University School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Donna M. Hackley
- Department of Oral Health Policy and EpidemiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jane R. Barrow
- Department of Oral Health Policy and EpidemiologyHarvard School of Dental MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Adli I, Widyahening IS, Lazarus G, Phowira J, Baihaqi LA, Ariffandi B, Putera AM, Nugraha D, Gamalliel N, Findyartini A. Knowledge, attitude, and practice related to the COVID-19 pandemic among undergraduate medical students in Indonesia: A nationwide cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262827. [PMID: 35061848 PMCID: PMC8782366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The potential role of medical students in raising awareness during public health emergencies has been acknowledged. To further explore their potentials as public educators and role models for the communities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, this study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of these students toward COVID-19. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey was conducted among undergraduate medical students in Indonesia. Socio-demographics characteristics, social interaction history, information-seeking behavior, as well as knowledge, attitude, and practice toward COVID-19 were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. A p-value of <0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS Out of 4870 respondents, 64.9% had positive attitude and 51.5% had positive practice toward COVID-19, while only 29.8% had adequate knowledge. Knowledge was slightly positively correlated with attitude and practice (ρ = 0.074 and ρ = 0.054, respectively; both p<0.001), while attitude was weakly correlated with practice (ρ = 0.234, p<0.001). Several factors including age, sex, place of residence, institution type, academic level, family income, history of chronic illness, prior volunteering experience, and perceptual awareness on COVID-19 were significantly associated with either knowledge, attitude, and/or practice toward COVID-19. Furthermore, health institution's and the government's press releases, as well as health expert opinions were deemed as the most reliable sources of COVID-19-related information-yet trivially none of these sources were associated with knowledge, attitude, and practice in the study population. CONCLUSION Many undergraduate medical students in Indonesia had positive attitude and practice against COVID-19, yet only a few had adequate knowledge. This warrants further interventions to keep them updated with COVID-19 evidence to maximize their potentials in raising public awareness on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imam Adli
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Suci Widyahening
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gilbert Lazarus
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jason Phowira
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Bagas Ariffandi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - David Nugraha
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Nico Gamalliel
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ardi Findyartini
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Medical Education Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Noorali AA, Inam M, Shahbaz H, Rauf H, Aamir FB, Khalid F, Abbas S, Saeed A, Musharraf MD, Merchant AAH, Hasan BS, Rasheed MA, Jehan F, Tariq M, Haider AH. A Nationwide Virtual Research Education Program for Medical Students in Pakistan: Methodological Framework, Feasibility Testing, and Outcomes. Front Public Health 2022; 9:812130. [PMID: 35083193 PMCID: PMC8784886 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.812130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Equipping young medical trainees with fundamental research skills can be a promising strategy to address the need for professionals who can understand and responsibly communicate evolving scientific evidence during a pandemic. Despite an ardent interest to partake in research, most educational institutions in Pakistan and other low-middle income countries have not yet adopted a comprehensive strategy for research skills education. The authors aimed to design and assess the feasibility of implementing the first nation-wide virtual research workshop for medical students in Pakistan. Methods: The course “Beginners Guide to Research,” designed as a nation-wide virtual research workshop series, was conducted for medical students across Pakistan in June 2020. Four interactive live workshops took place online on alternate days from June 22nd, 2020, to June 27th, 2020, each lasting 1–2 h. Outcomes included: (i) reach, (ii) efficacy as indexed by pre-post change in score pertaining to knowledge and application of research and (iii) self-rated perceptions about understanding of research on a Likert scale. Results: 3,862 participants enrolled from 41 cities and 123 institutions. Enrolled participants belonged to the following provinces: Sindh (n = 1,852, 48.0%), Punjab (n = 1,767, 45.8%), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (n = 109, 2.8%), Azad Jammu and Kashmir (n = 84, 2.2%) Balochistan (n = 42, 1.1%). We also saw a few registrations from international students (n = 8, 0.2%). Mean (SD) age of enrolled medical students was 21.1 (2.1) years, 2,453 (63.5%) participants were female and 2,394 (62.0%) were from private-sector medical colleges. Two thousand ninety-three participants participants filled out all four pre-test and post-test forms. The total median knowledge score improved from 39.7 to 60.3% with the highest improvements in concepts of research bioethics and literature search (p < 0.001) with greater change for females compared to males (+20.6 vs. +16.2%, p < 0.001) and private institutions compared to public ones (+16.2 vs. +22.1%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The overwhelming enrollment and significant improvement in learning outcomes (>50% of baseline) indicate feasibility of a medical student-led research course during a pandemic, highlighting its role in catering to the research needs in the LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aahil Noorali
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Health Data Science Center, Clinical and Translational Research Incubator, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dean's Office, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Ali Aahil Noorali
| | - Maha Inam
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Shahbaz
- Dean's Office, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hareem Rauf
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Farah Khalid
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Abbas
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Babar S. Hasan
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muneera A. Rasheed
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fyezah Jehan
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department for Educational Development, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Adil Hussain Haider
- Dean's Office, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Surgery and Community Health Sciences, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Sudario G, Wiechmann W, Youm J, Le-Bucklin KV. An Effective COVID-19 Medical Student Elective. West J Emerg Med 2022; 23:40-46. [PMID: 35060859 PMCID: PMC8782135 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2021.11.53656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the importance of teaching medical students pandemic preparedness and COVID-19 related clinical knowledge. To fill the gap of COVID-19 instruction backed by evaluation data, we present a comprehensive COVID-19 pilot curriculum with multiple levels of evaluation data. Methods In the spring of 2020, the University of California, Irvine (UCI) School of Medicine piloted a two-week, primarily asynchronous COVID-19 elective course for medical students. The goal of the course is to provide a foundation in clinical care for COVID-19 while introducing students to emerging issues of a modern pandemic. Objectives align with institutional objectives, and instruction is delivered in thematic modules. Our curriculum utilizes numerous instructional strategies effective in distance learning including independent learning modules (ILM), reading, video lectures, discussion board debates, simulation and evidence-based argument writing. We designed a three-level, blended evaluation plan grounded in the Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick evaluation model that assessed student satisfaction, relevance, confidence, knowledge and behavior. Results Our end of course survey revealed that students had high levels of satisfaction with the curriculum, and felt the course was relevant to their clinical education. Various assessment tools showed excellent levels of knowledge attainment. All respondents rated themselves as highly confident with the use of personal protective equipment, though fewer were confident with ventilator management. Conclusion Overall our pilot showed that we were able to deliver relevant, satisfying COVID-19 instruction while allowing students to demonstrate knowledge and desired behaviors in COVID-19 patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Sudario
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Warren Wiechmann
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Irvine, California
| | - Julie Youm
- University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Medical Education, Irvine, California
| | - Khanh-Van Le-Bucklin
- University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Medical Education, Irvine, California
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Hermann S, Gerstner J, Weiss F, Aichele S, Stricker E, Gorgati E, Rosenberger P, Wunderlich R. Presentation and evaluation of a modern course in disaster medicine and humanitarian assistance for medical students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:610. [PMID: 34893083 PMCID: PMC8661312 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaster medicine is a component of the German medical education since 2003. Nevertheless, studies have shown some inconsistencies within the implementation of the national curriculum, and limits in the number of students trained over the years. Recently, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and other disasters have called attention to the importance of training medical students in disaster medicine on a coordinated basis. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate the disaster medicine and humanitarian assistance course, which was developed in the University of Tübingen, Germany. METHODS The University Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine in Tübingen expanded the existing curriculum of undergraduate disaster medicine training with fundamentals of humanitarian medicine, integrating distance learning, interactive teaching and simulation sessions in a 40 h course for third-, fourth- and fifth- year medical students. This prospective and cross-sectional study evaluates the Disaster Medicine and Humanitarian Assistance course carried out over five semesters during the period between 2018 and 2020. Three survey tools were used to assess participants' previous experiences and interest in the field of disaster medicine, to compare the subjective and objective level of knowledge before and after training, and to evaluate the course quality. RESULTS The total number of medical students attending the five courses was n = 102 of which n = 60 females (59%) and n = 42 males (41%). One hundred two students entered the mandatory knowledge assessment, with the rate of correct answers passing from 73.27% in the pre-test to 95.23% in the post-test (t [101] = 18.939, p < .001, d = 1.88). To determine the subjective perception of knowledge data were collected from 107 observations. Twenty-five did not complete the both questionnaires. Out of a remaining sample of 82 observations, the subjective perception of knowledge increased after the course (t [81] = 24.426, p < .001, d = 2.69), alongside with the interest in engaging in the field of disaster medicine (t [81] = 7.031, p < .001, d = .78). The 93.46% of the medical students (n = 100) graded the training received with an excellent overall score (1.01 out of 6). CONCLUSION The study indicates a significant increase in students' understanding of disaster medicine using both subjective and objective measurements, as well as an increase interest in the field of disaster medicine and humanitarian assistance. Whereas former studies showed insufficient objective knowledge regarding disaster medical practices as well as subjective insecurities about their skills and knowledge to deal with disaster scenarios, the presented course seems to overcome these deficiencies preparing future physicians with the fundamentals of analysis and response to disasters. The development and successful implementation of this course is a first step towards fulfilling disaster medicine education requirements, appearing to address the deficiencies documented in previous studies. A possible adaptation with virtual reality approaches could expand access to a larger audience. Further effort must be made to develop also international training programs, which should be a mandatory component of medical schools' curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hermann
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessica Gerstner
- Psychological Institute, Department of Biological and Personality Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weiss
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Aichele
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eric Stricker
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Gorgati
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Wunderlich
- University Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine of Tübingen, Hoppe- Seyler- Straße 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Salehi AM, Khazaei S, Masumi M, Shavandi F, Kavand M, Jenabi E, Khatiban M. Reinforcement and Maintenance of Human Resources for Health Systems during Long-Term Crises: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews. Emerg Med Int 2021; 2021:9613443. [PMID: 34754519 PMCID: PMC8572622 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9613443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human resources are one of the most critical organizational resources, the reinforcement and maintenance of whom require much energy in health organizations, particularly in long-term crises. Many methods have been suggested in this regard; however, there is a need for their integration and clarification. METHODS We systematically searched the international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, from 2003 to April 2021by using some relevant keywords. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR checklist. RESULTS The search resulted in 1613 papers, among which there were 16 systematic reviews. The studies addressed a wide range of problems and solutions. Twelve items and four items were classified with moderate quality (AMSTER score 5-8) and high quality (AMSTER score 9-11), respectively. Half of the studies (n = 8) dealt with mental and psychological problems resulting from crises as the most important factor in the decline of health system staff's durability in organizations. They also provided different solutions such as mental health counselling during and after the crisis, flexible work schedule, promoted trust in the organization, support of staff's family, and enhanced awareness to support employees. And the other articles addressed managerial problems as the most critical factor in the decline of health system staff's durability in organizations and proposed solutions such as suitable planning before, during, and after the crisis and the use of material and spiritual incentives to increase the employees' motivation and organizational resilience to maintain the staff. CONCLUSION In the present review study, three dimensions (namely, resilience, motivation-hygiene measures, and development of manager's soft skills) are considered as the main factors reinforcing and maintaining human resources in the health systems in long-term crises and disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohammad Salehi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Salman Khazaei
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Motahareh Masumi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farnaz Shavandi
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Kavand
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ensiyeh Jenabi
- Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khatiban
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Department of Ethics Education in Medical Sciences, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Häikiö K, Andersen JV, Bakkerud M, Christiansen CR, Rand K, Staff T. A retrospective survey study of paramedic students' exposure to SARS-CoV-2, participation in the COVID-19 pandemic response, and health-related quality of life. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2021; 29:153. [PMID: 34663422 PMCID: PMC8522862 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-021-00967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare workers have reported increased anxiety while working in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of healthcare students in a health crisis has been discussed among clinicians and researchers. The simultaneous international shortage of personal protection equipment (PPE) during the first wave of the pandemic potentially exposed healthcare workers and students to the virus during their work and clinical training. Our aim was therefore to evaluate the extent to which paramedic students in Oslo, Norway, were exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and were involved in voluntary and/or paid healthcare-related work. An evaluation was also made of the students’ COVID-19-related symptoms and of their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the first wave of the pandemic. Methods Paramedic students (n = 155) at Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway, were invited to complete an online survey five months after the first cases of COVID-19 were detected. The university was situated in the epicenter of the pandemic in Norway. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, and linear regression analysis. Results Of the 109 respondents (70.3%), 40 worked in patient-related healthcare work. Of those, seven (17.5%) students experienced insufficient supplies of PPE, six (15.0%) participated in aerosol-generating procedures without adequate PPE, and nine (22.5%) experienced insufficient time to don PPE. Seventy-five (70.1%) students experienced no COVID-19-related symptoms, and no students tested positive for COVID-19. HRQoL was scored 0.92 (sd 0.12), which was significantly higher than for the general population before the pandemic (p = 0.002). Students continued with their education and participated in a variety of pandemic-related emergency tasks during the first wave of the pandemic. Conclusions Paramedic students were valuable contributors to the national pandemic response. Despite potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in unpredictable emergency settings with limited supplies of personal protection equipment, no students tested positive for COVID-19. Their health-related quality of life remained high. Students’ participation and utilization in similar health crises should be considered in future health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Häikiö
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jeanette V Andersen
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Bakkerud
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carl R Christiansen
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Rand
- HØKH - Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, P.O. Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Trine Staff
- Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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Byrne MHV, Ashcroft J, Alexander L, Wan JCM, Harvey A. Systematic review of medical student willingness to volunteer and preparedness for pandemics and disasters. Emerg Med J 2021; 39:emermed-2020-211052. [PMID: 34620625 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-211052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to estimate the willingness of students to volunteer during a disaster, and how well-prepared medical students are for volunteering by assessing their knowledge and medical school curriculum of disaster and pandemic medicine. RESULTS A total of 37 studies met inclusion criteria including 11 168 medical students and 91 medical schools. 24 studies evaluated knowledge (64.9%), 16 evaluated volunteering (43.2%) and 5 evaluated medical school curricula (13.5%). Weighted mean willingness to volunteer during a disaster was 68.4% (SD=21.7%, range=26.7%-87.8%, n=2911), and there was a significant difference between those planning to volunteer and those who actually volunteered (p<0.0001). We identified a number of modifiable barriers which may contribute to this heterogeneity. Overall, knowledge of disasters was poor with a weighted mean of 48.9% (SD=15.1%, range=37.1%-87.0%, n=2985). 36.8% of 76 medical schools curricula included teaching on disasters. However, students only received minimal teaching (2-6 hours). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that there is a large number of students who are willing to volunteer during pandemics. However, they are unlikely to be prepared for these roles as overall knowledge is poor, and this is likely due to minimal teaching on disasters at medical school. During the current COVID-19 pandemic and in future disasters, medical students may be required to volunteer as auxiliary staff. There is a need to develop infrastructure to facilitate this process as well as providing education and training to ensure students are adequately prepared to perform these roles safely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Ashcroft
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Stachteas P, Vlachopoulos N, Smyrnakis E. Medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Considerations and arguments on their clinical engagement. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & PROFESSIONALISM 2021; 9:238-242. [PMID: 34692862 PMCID: PMC8521214 DOI: 10.30476/jamp.2021.89092.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical exposure of medical students has been hindered while the impact on medical education is under investigation. The potential negative impact of medical students on transmission rates, along with the shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), their lack of proper training, and their limited ability to work independently, give rise to reasonable concerns regarding their involvement in pandemic management. Nevertheless, the heavy workload could soon provoke severe deficiencies in the frontline medical workforce. Hence, the possibility of covering gaps in human resources by effectively deploying students should not be rejected in advance. Additionally, a pandemic poses a valuable learning opportunity for high-quality medical education. The aim of this commentary is to present a discussion with supporters and opponents of medical student engagement in the pandemic management and their involvement in placements requiring physical contact with patients. We also attempt to elucidate the necessary conditions for the students' possible involvement in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Stachteas
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Smyrnakis
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, General Practice and Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ponampalam R, Pong JZ, Wong XY. Medical students as disaster volunteers: A strategy for improving emergency department surge response in times of crisis. World J Crit Care Med 2021; 10:163-169. [PMID: 34616653 PMCID: PMC8462026 DOI: 10.5492/wjccm.v10.i5.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disasters resulting in mass casualty incidents can rapidly overwhelm the Emergency Department (ED). To address critical manpower needs in the ED’s disaster response, medical student involvement has been advocated. Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School is in proximity to Singapore General Hospital and represents an untapped manpower resource. With appropriate training and integration into ED disaster workflows, medical students can be leveraged upon as qualified manpower. This review provides a snapshot of the conceptualization and setting up of the Disaster Volunteer Corps – a programme where medical students were recruited to receive regular training and assessment from emergency physicians on disaster response principles to fulfil specific roles during a crisis, while working as part of a team under supervision. We discuss overall strategy and benefits to stakeholders, emphasizing the close symbiotic relationship between academia and healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ponampalam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Zhenwen Pong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Xiang-Yi Wong
- Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Cowling L, Swartzberg K, Groenewald A. Knowledge retention and usefulness of simulation exercises for disaster medicine - what do specialty trainees know and think? Afr J Emerg Med 2021; 11:356-360. [PMID: 34367896 PMCID: PMC8327495 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Disaster medicine education is an important but often neglected part of Emergency Medicine (EM) specialty trainees' curriculum. It is especially neglected in limited resource environments (1), which, owing to poor infrastructure generally, are more likely to be affected by disasters than better resourced environments. Disaster medicine cannot be taught solely in a classroom and various methods are required to teach practical concepts. This study aims to look at Emergency specialty trainees' perception of high-fidelity simulation and their needs with regards to Disaster Medicine Education. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional cohort study involving 27 EM specialty trainees from the University of the Witwatersrand, who, participated in a high-fidelity simulation and were given a questionnaire before and after the exercise. The questionnaire consisted of theory questions relating to disaster medicine as well as Emergency Specialty trainee's perception and needs towards disaster medicine education. Results High fidelity simulation does not increase theoretical knowledge of Disaster Medicine but it does increase perceived confidence. EM specialty trainees seek yearly training, beginning in their first year and choose high fidelity simulation as their preferred method of training. Conclusion High fidelity simulation is crucial to increasing the confidence of EM specialty trainees during their training. More research is needed to develop core competencies and methods of evaluating training.
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Żółtowska B, Barańska I, Szczerbińska K, Różańska A, Mydel K, Sydor W, Heczko PB, Jachowicz E, Wójkowska-Mach J. Preparedness of Health Care Workers and Medical Students in University Hospital in Krakow for COVID-19 Pandemic within the CRACoV Project. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3487. [PMID: 34441784 PMCID: PMC8396826 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Health care workers' (HCWs) knowledge of and compliance with personal protective procedures is a key for patients' and personnel safety. The aim of this study was to assess which factors are associated with higher self-evaluations of training on infection prevention and control (IPC) and higher self-assessment of IPC practices used by HCWs regarding COVID-19 in University Hospital in Krakow, Poland, in January 2021. Material and methods This was an online survey on the preparedness for COVID-19 epidemic of medical/non-medical staff and medical students. Questions included in the survey concerned participants' socio-demographic characteristics, hospital staff involvement in the training, knowledge about the hand hygiene, and adherence to IPC measures. Knowledge and Performance Index (K&PI) based on selected questions was constructed for to reflect both subjective (self-evaluation) of preparedness and objective IPC knowledge and skills of HCWs participated in the IPC training. Results A total of 1412 health care workers, including 129 medical students, participated in the study. The largest group, 53.6%, was made up of nurses and paramedics. Age of respondents significantly correlated with knowledge of IPC and with K&PI. The mean age of workers with high K&PI was 42.39 ± 12.53, and among those with low, 39.71 ± 13.10, p < 0.001. 51% UHK workers participated in IPC training, but 11.3% of physicians, 28.8% of other HCWs, and 55.8% of students did not know the IPC standard precaution. Most participants, 72.3%, felt that they had received sufficient training; however, 45.8% of students declined this. There was no correlation between self-reported preparedness and the K&PI, indicating that self-reported preparedness was inadequate for knowledge and skills. Nurses and paramedics assessed their knowledge most accurately. Participants with low K&PI and high subjective evaluation constituted a substantial group in all categories. Students least often overestimated (23.8%) and most often (9.6%) underestimated their knowledge and skills. Conclusions Our study revealed inadequate IPC practice, especially as it refers to the training programme. We confirmed the urgent need of including theory and practice of IPC in curricula of health professions' training in order to provide students with knowledge and skills necessary not only for future pandemic situations but also for everyday work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Żółtowska
- Center for Innovative Therapy, Clinical Research Coordination Center, University Hospital in Krakow, Poland 2-st, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ilona Barańska
- Laboratory for Research on Aging Society, Department of Sociology of Medicine, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (I.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Szczerbińska
- Laboratory for Research on Aging Society, Department of Sociology of Medicine, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland; (I.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Anna Różańska
- Chair of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (A.R.); (P.B.H.); (E.J.); (J.W.-M.)
| | - Krzysztof Mydel
- Deputy Director for Coordination and Development, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow Poland;
| | - Wojciech Sydor
- Center for Innovative Therapy, Clinical Research Coordination Center, University Hospital in Krakow, Poland 2-st, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr B. Heczko
- Chair of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (A.R.); (P.B.H.); (E.J.); (J.W.-M.)
| | - Estera Jachowicz
- Chair of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (A.R.); (P.B.H.); (E.J.); (J.W.-M.)
| | - Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach
- Chair of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland; (A.R.); (P.B.H.); (E.J.); (J.W.-M.)
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Brodar C, Muller C, Brodar KE, Brosco JP, Goodman KW. Ethics Education in COVID-19: Preclinical Medical Students' Approach to Ventilator Allocation. Cureus 2021; 13:e16976. [PMID: 34540386 PMCID: PMC8423326 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has confronted clinicians with a potential need to ration ventilators. There is little guidance for training medical students to make such decisions in future practice. How students would make ventilator triage decisions remains unknown. Methods One hundred fifty-three medical students in 18 problem-based learning groups participated in a ventilator-rationing exercise in April 2020 as part of an ethics curriculum adapted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Students were provided with a prompt requiring fictional patients to be prioritized for ventilators in the face of scarce resources. The authors reviewed group responses, tallied triage criteria, and identified approaches to triage decisions. Results The most common triage criteria were patient comorbidities, clinical status, age/life stage, prognosis, life expectancy, and an individual's role in pandemic response. Additional criteria included quality of life, ventilator availability, public perception, and patient need. Students approached triage decisions by developing systems for triage, appealing to empirical evidence and academic literature, making value judgments, and identifying adjuncts and alternatives to triage. Discussion With minimal input from educators, students learned key ethical principles in triage medicine, recapitulated approaches to triage described in the clinical and bioethics literature, and suggested methods for tolerating distress of complex ethical decisions. Medical education should equip students to critically consider bioethical concerns in triage and prepare for possible moral distress during public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaitlyn E Brodar
- Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
- Psychology, Mailman Center for Child Development, Miami, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Brosco
- Clinical Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Clinical Pediatrics, Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, Miami, USA
| | - Kenneth W Goodman
- Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
- Bioethics & Health Policy, Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, Miami, USA
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Barriers and Facilitators of Nurses' and Physicians' Willingness to Work during a Respiratory Disease Outbreak: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136841. [PMID: 34202234 PMCID: PMC8296986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review was undertaken to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators of nurses’ and physicians’ willingness to work during a respiratory disease outbreak. This mixed-methods systematic review involved the extraction of data from the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO and from a manual search of articles published between 2003 and April 2021. The quality of the included studies was assessed using a mixed-method appraisal tool. A total of 29 studies were eligible for inclusion: 21 quantitative and 8 qualitative. Using the Integrated Behavioral Model, perceived barriers and facilitators were identified under seven categories: demographics, attitude, perceived norm, personal agency, knowledge and skills to perform the behavior, environmental constraints, and habit. The results of this study broaden the understanding of various factors that affect nurses’ and physicians’ willingness to work during a respiratory disease outbreak. These findings will facilitate the modification of current pandemic workplace staffing strategies and practices and will inform preparedness planning for similar situations in the future.
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Koh TJW, Ling AHZ, Chiang CLL, Lee GSJ, Tay HSE, Yi H. Attitudes towards COVID-19 precautionary measures and willingness to work during an outbreak among medical students in Singapore: a mixed-methods study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:317. [PMID: 34088316 PMCID: PMC8176668 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed challenges that medical students face when healthcare systems are under intense pressure. There is a need to assess medical students' education needs in pandemic preparedness. The objective of this mixed-methods study was threefold: (1) to assess COVID-19 perceived efficacy, susceptibility, and anxiety in relation to health literacy; (2) to describe attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures against COVID-19 and willingness to work during an outbreak; and (3) to examine multilevel factors associated with willingness to work. METHODS An online survey was conducted among 263 medical students in Singapore during the lockdown period in July 2020. Participants were surveyed on COVID-19 related literacy, perceptions, anxiety, attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures, and willingness to work during an outbreak. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the factors associated with the key outcome variable of willingness to work. In addition, open-ended questions were used to assess medical education needs, which were reported using thematic analysis. RESULTS Perceived adequacy of COVID-19 information was associated with higher perceived efficacy, lower perceived susceptibility, and lower anxiety levels among the students. Medical students were mostly supportive of COVID-19 precautionary measures except for relatively intrusive measures like in-home surveillance. The degree of willingness to work during an outbreak varied based on certain conditions, in particular family's health and safety, and was associated with self-efficacy, perceived susceptibility, and hospital capacity of outbreak management. CONCLUSIONS Medical students' attitudes towards a policy of precautionary measures varied depending on legality, financial and psychological support, and privacy concerns. Health literacy played an important role in increasing the efficacy of protection against COVID-19 and reducing pandemic-related anxiety among medical students. Their willingness to work during an outbreak was increased by an effective policy of precautionary measures, hospital capacity to manage a pandemic, and assurance of family safety. Medical education should include pandemic preparedness to better prepare students to aid in pandemics, with emphasis on public health policy and ethics coupled with clinical training targeted to managing outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Jia Wen Koh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abel Ho Zhi Ling
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Gabriel Sheng Jie Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannah Si En Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huso Yi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.
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Kuman Tunçel Ö, Taşbakan SE, Gökengin D, Erdem HA, Yamazhan T, Sipahi OR, Pullukçu H, Önen Sertöz Ö, Işıkgöz Taşbakan M. The deep impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students: An online cross-sectional study evaluating Turkish students' anxiety. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14139. [PMID: 33683775 PMCID: PMC8250332 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed the delivery of medical education in Turkey by moving to an emergency remote teaching system and led to many challenges for future doctors. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical students, to assess their anxiety level and their main anxiety sources related to this pandemic. METHODS A Google Form was distributed to medical students using the virtual snowball sampling method. The form included the Beck Anxiety Inventory and additional 19 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, perceived level of knowledge about the epidemic, self-risk perceptions of COVID-19 and their anxiety levels about some other topics related to COVID-19. RESULTS Overall, 3105 medical students with a mean age of 22.37 ± 2.46, took the survey. Amongst the participants, only 32% of the students defined their knowledge about the precautions that should be taken during an epidemic disease as acceptable. Students reported highest anxiety level for the continuing spread of COVID-19 in Turkey and transmitting coronavirus to another person. Clinically significant anxiety prevalence was 23.2%. Regression analysis revealed that factors that increased the risk of being anxious included being female, being other than a 5th-year student, thinking that being a medical student would increase the risk of coronavirus transmission or being uncertain about it, being exposed to a patient with COVID-19 or being uncertain about it, being anxious about the continuing spread of COVID-19 in Turkey, being anxious about acquiring COVID-19, being anxious for graduating and being on active duty, being anxious about a medical training interruption. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that anxiety is prevalent amongst Turkish medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic and they have a weak preparedness for a pandemic such as COVID-19. Based on our results, new strategies should be implemented for medical education and for alleviating students' anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deniz Gökengin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey
| | - Hüseyin Aytaç Erdem
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey
| | - Tansu Yamazhan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey
| | - Oğuz Reşat Sipahi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey
| | - Hüsnü Pullukçu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey
| | - Özen Önen Sertöz
- Psychiatry DepartmentFaculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey
| | - Meltem Işıkgöz Taşbakan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical MicrobiologyFaculty of MedicineEge UniversityİzmirTurkey
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Tay YX, Kothan S, Kada S, Cai S, Lai CWK. Challenges and optimization strategies in medical imaging service delivery during COVID-19. World J Radiol 2021; 13:102-121. [PMID: 34141091 PMCID: PMC8188837 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v13.i5.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medical imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis, management and disease progression surveillance. Chest radiography and computed tomography are commonly used imaging techniques globally during this pandemic. As the pandemic continues to unfold, many healthcare systems worldwide struggle to balance the heavy strain due to overwhelming demand for healthcare resources. Changes are required across the entire healthcare system and medical imaging departments are no exception. The COVID-19 pandemic had a devastating impact on medical imaging practices. It is now time to pay further attention to the profound challenges of COVID-19 on medical imaging services and develop effective strategies to get ahead of the crisis. Additionally, preparation for operations and survival in the post-pandemic future are necessary considerations. This review aims to comprehensively examine the challenges and optimization of delivering medical imaging services in relation to the current COVID-19 global pandemic, including the role of medical imaging during these challenging times and potential future directions post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiang Tay
- Radiography Department, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Suchart Kothan
- Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Sundaran Kada
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen Postbox 7030, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sihui Cai
- Radiography Department, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Christopher Wai Keung Lai
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore 138683, Singapore
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Winakor J, Janatpour ZC, West J. Medical Student Involvement in Disasters: How Can We Effectively Serve? Mil Med 2021; 186:297-299. [PMID: 33993269 PMCID: PMC8194527 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usab181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During disasters, the roles of physicians, nurses, and ancillary medical staff are defined by their individual certifications, whereas the roles of medical students remain less clear. Medical students are unlicensed physicians-in-training, with variable degrees of skill and knowledge, and thus, their involvement in disaster response has historically varied. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, many junior students were asked to remove themselves from the hospital setting, whereas some senior students graduated early to join the physician workforce. In this article, the authors will examine the psychosocial benefits and consequences of medical student involvement in prior disasters and developing attitudes in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We conclude by offering our thoughts on medical student involvement in future disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Winakor
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Zachary C Janatpour
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - James West
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Tavolacci MP, Wouters E, Van de Velde S, Buffel V, Déchelotte P, Van Hal G, Ladner J. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Health Behaviors among Students of a French University. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084346. [PMID: 33923943 PMCID: PMC8072635 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the changes in health behaviors among students of a French university during the COVID-19 lockdown. An online retrospective survey was distributed to Rouen-Normandy University students at the end of the COVID-19 lockdown (13th March-11th May 2020). Voluntary university students were included. Data collected were on socio-demographics, academic environment, COVID19 concerns, tobacco smoking, binge drinking, cannabis use, and physical activity in the periods before and during COVID-19 lockdown. The survey was completed by 3671 university students (mean age 20.9 ± 2.47 years, 72.9% female). Significantly favorable changes between the periods before and during COVID-19 were reported for tobacco smoking (18.5% vs. 14.8%), binge drinking (35.9% vs. 9.3%) and cannabis use (5.6% vs. 3.2%) and unfavorable changes for moderate (79.4% vs. 67.9%) and vigorous physical activity (62.5% vs. 59.1%). After logistic regression, factors associated with unfavorable changes in tobacco smoking and with favorable changes in vigorous physical activity were the worry of not validating the academic year and stress related to changes in the mode of teaching, respectively. For each health behavior, unfavorable changes were associated with higher depression levels, and male gender. Then as a decrease, mainly in binge drinking was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown, care must be taken to prevent university students from resuming binge drinking after the end of the lockdown. Health-promotion strategies directed at adopting or maintaining positive mental health and promoting physical activity should be developed for university students to better manage future lockdown periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierre Tavolacci
- Clinical Investigation Center, CHU Rouen, U 1073, Normandie University, F 76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology Centre for Population, Family & Health, University of Antwerpen, 2180 Antwerpen, Belgium; (E.W.); (S.V.d.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Sarah Van de Velde
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology Centre for Population, Family & Health, University of Antwerpen, 2180 Antwerpen, Belgium; (E.W.); (S.V.d.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Veerle Buffel
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology Centre for Population, Family & Health, University of Antwerpen, 2180 Antwerpen, Belgium; (E.W.); (S.V.d.V.); (V.B.)
| | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Department of Nutrition CHU Rouen, U 1073, Normandie University, F 76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine University of Antwerpen, 2180 Antwerpen, Belgium; (G.V.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Joel Ladner
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine University of Antwerpen, 2180 Antwerpen, Belgium; (G.V.H.); (J.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, CHU Rouen, U 1073, Normandie University, F 76000 Rouen, France
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Havers N, Seebacher-Tomas A, Ashcroft J. A foundation interim year 1 sequential simulation experience and analysis of preparedness to practice early. Future Healthc J 2021; 8:e137-e141. [PMID: 33791493 DOI: 10.7861/fhj.2020-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This project involved the implementation of a simulation session followed by interviews to assess and improve foundation interim year 1 (FiY1) preparedness. The session focused on the interpretation of investigations, clinical examinations, the implementation of management plans and appropriate escalation. Preparedness was measured quantitatively using Likert-type scales and qualitatively using interviews. Following the simulation, there was a significant increase in median preparedness for giving treatment (3 vs 4; p=0.04), paperwork (2 vs 4; p=0.03) and independent, responsible working (3 vs 4.5; p=0.03), before and after, respectively. Following the FiY1 period, participants demonstrated significant improvement in median preparedness for giving treatment (3 vs 4.5; p=0.01), paperwork (2 vs 5; p=0.01), independent, responsible working (3 vs 4.5; p=0.02), and communication and teamworking (4 vs 5; p=0.01), before and after, respectively. This simulation and the FiY1 period increased preparedness. This study suggests that future medical apprenticeships should provide the same opportunities and responsibilities as the FiY1 programme.
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Papapanou M, Routsi E, Tsamakis K, Fotis L, Marinos G, Lidoriki I, Karamanou M, Papaioannou TG, Tsiptsios D, Smyrnis N, Rizos E, Schizas D. Medical education challenges and innovations during COVID-19 pandemic. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:321-327. [PMID: 33782202 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly disrupted the well-established, traditional structure of medical education. Τhe new limitations of physical presence have accelerated the development of an online learning environment, comprising both of asynchronous and synchronous distance education, and the introduction of novel ways of student assessment. At the same time, this prolonged crisis had serious implications on the lives of medical students including their psychological well-being and the impact on their academic trajectories. The new reality has, on many occasions, triggered the 'acting up' of medical students as frontline healthcare staff, which has been perceived by many of them as a positive learning and contributing experience, and has led to a variety of responses from the educational institutions. All things considered, the urgency for rapid and novel adaptations to the new circumstances has functioned as a springboard for remarkable innovations in medical education,including the promotion of a more "evidence-based" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Papapanou
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Routsi
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lampros Fotis
- Third Department of Paediatrics, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Marinos
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Lidoriki
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Karamanou
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore G Papaioannou
- Department of History of Medicine and Medical Ethics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Second Department of Psychiatry, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Lazarus G, Findyartini A, Putera AM, Gamalliel N, Nugraha D, Adli I, Phowira J, Azzahra L, Ariffandi B, Widyahening IS. Willingness to volunteer and readiness to practice of undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey in Indonesia. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:138. [PMID: 33648516 PMCID: PMC7919987 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The question to involve or restrict medical students' involvement in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response remains contentious. As their state of preparation and perceptions in volunteering during this pandemic have yet to be investigated, this study aims to evaluate Indonesian medical students' willingness to volunteer and readiness to practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted among undergraduate medical students throughout Indonesia. Socio-demographic and social interaction information, in addition to willingness to volunteer and readiness to practice, were obtained using a self-reported questionnaire. The significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS Among 4870 participants, 2374 (48.7%) expressed their willingness to volunteer, while only 906 (18.6%) had adequate readiness to practice. Male students, students with prior volunteering experience in health or non-health sectors, and students from public universities or living in Central Indonesia (vs Java) had higher scores of willingness and readiness to volunteer. Students from Sumatra also had better preparedness (odds ratio [OR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-2.12, p = 0.004), while the opposite occurred for students from Eastern Indonesia (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.89, p = 0.002)-when compared to students from Java. In addition, compared to students with high family income, students from lower-middle income families were less willing to volunteer (OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.98, p = 0.034), though those with low family income had better readiness (OR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.08, p = 0.011). Shortage of medical personnel, sense of duty, and solicitation by stakeholders were the main reasons increasing the students' willingness to volunteer; whereas contrarily fear for own's health, absence of a cure, and fear of harming patients were the primary factors diminishing their willingness to volunteer. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that many Indonesian medical students are willing to volunteer, yet only few of them were ready to practice, indicating that further preparations are required to maximize their potentials and minimize their exposure to hazards. We suggest that their potentials as a firm support system during the pandemic should not be overlooked, and that the integration of relevant courses to the medical curricula are imperative to prepare for future public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Lazarus
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ardi Findyartini
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba 6, Central, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
- Medical Education Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | | | - Nico Gamalliel
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - David Nugraha
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Imam Adli
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jason Phowira
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lyanna Azzahra
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bagas Ariffandi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Indah Suci Widyahening
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract
The availability of resources and their concentration in the place of greatest need, will not allow us to successfully overcome a medical surge without the energy required to activate these resources and activities, and increase their quantities if necessary, that is why the staff and management of healthcare institutions are forced to making ethical crisis decisions about who wins and who loses. This study highlights the versatility of the concept of ‘energy’ by attributing it to money or financial resources, which are highly essential in dealing with surges as the healthcare system adopts the appropriate capacity level. This study considers the means (space, staff, supplies, and specific resources) at the disposal of healthcare institutions for the control of diseases as economic resources to identify ways for enhancing their capacity, especially during periods of medical surges such as that caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The medical resources are dependent on ‘energy’, albeit not in the strictest sense of the term. The article, thus, points out that while limited resources are the norm in economic theory, a medical surge provides an opportunity to sufficiently extend the resources within the health system capacity through increased funding.
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Nachane H, Subramanyam A. The predicament of the medical postgraduate residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. ANNALS OF INDIAN PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_85_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sharma D, Bhaskar S. Addressing the Covid-19 Burden on Medical Education and Training: The Role of Telemedicine and Tele-Education During and Beyond the Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:589669. [PMID: 33330333 PMCID: PMC7728659 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.589669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical students are the future of sustainable health systems that are severely under pressure during COVID-19. The disruption in medical education and training has adversely impacted traditional medical education and medical students and is likely to have long-term implications beyond COVID-19. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of the existing structural and systemic challenges applicable to medical students and teaching/training programs and the impact of COVID-19 on medical students and education. Use of technologies such as telemedicine or remote education platforms can minimize increased mental health risks to this population. An overview of challenges during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed, and targeted recommendations to address acute and systemic issues in medical education and training are presented. During the transition from conventional in-person or classroom teaching to tele-delivery of educational programs, medical students have to navigate various social, economic and cultural factors which interfere with their personal and academic lives. This is especially relevant for those from vulnerable, underprivileged or minority backgrounds. Students from vulnerable backgrounds are influenced by environmental factors such as unemployment of themselves and family members, lack of or inequity in provision and access to educational technologies and remote delivery-platforms, and increased levels of mental health stressors due to prolonged isolation and self-quarantine measures. Technologies for remote education and training delivery as well as sustenance and increased delivery of general well-being and mental health services to medical students, especially to those at high-risk, are pivotal to our response to COVID-19 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh Sharma
- Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Global, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonu Bhaskar
- Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Global, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South West Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Statewide Biobank and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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de Andres Crespo M, Claireaux H, Handa AI. Medical students and COVID-19: lessons learnt from the 2020 pandemic. Postgrad Med J 2020; 97:209-210. [PMID: 32788316 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Claireaux
- University of Oxford Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford, UK
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