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Moore GJ, Ridway H, Gadanec LK, Apostolopoulos V, Zulli A, Swiderski J, Kelaidonis K, Vidali VP, Matsoukas MT, Chasapis CT, Matsoukas JM. Structural Features Influencing the Bioactive Conformation of Angiotensin II and Angiotensin A: Relationship between Receptor Desensitization, Addiction, and the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5779. [PMID: 38891966 PMCID: PMC11171751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal portion of the octapeptide angiotensin II (DRVYIHPF; AngII), a vasopressor peptide that favorably binds to, and activates, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), has an important role in maintaining bioactive conformation. It involves all three charged groups, namely (i) the N-terminal amino group cation, (ii) the Asp sidechain anion and (iii) the Arg guanidino cation. Neutralization of any one of these three charged groups results in a substantial reduction (<5%) in bioactivity, implicating a specialized function for this cluster. In contrast, angiotensin A (ARVYIHPF; AngA) has reduced bioactivity at AT1R; however, replacement of Asp in AngII with sarcosine (N-methyl-glycine) not only restores bioactivity but increases the activity of agonist, antagonist, and inverse agonist analogues. A bend produced at the N-terminus by the introduction of the secondary amino acid sarcosine is thought to realign the functional groups that chaperone the C-terminal portion of AngII, allowing transfer of the negative charge originating at the C-terminus to be transferred to the Tyr hydroxyl-forming tyrosinate anion, which is required to activate the receptor and desensitizes the receptor (tachyphylaxis). Peptide (sarilesin) and nonpeptide (sartans) moieties, which are long-acting inverse agonists, appear to desensitize the receptor by a mechanism analogous to tachyphylaxis. Sartans/bisartans were found to bind to alpha adrenergic receptors resulting in structure-dependent desensitization or resensitization. These considerations have provided information on the mechanisms of receptor desensitization/tolerance and insights into possible avenues for treating addiction. In this regard sartans, which appear to cross the blood-brain barrier more readily than bisartans, are the preferred drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J. Moore
- Pepmetics Inc., 772 Murphy Place, Victoria, BC V8Y 3H4, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Harry Ridway
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
| | - Laura Kate Gadanec
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (V.A.); (A.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (V.A.); (A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (V.A.); (A.Z.); (J.S.)
| | - Jordan Swiderski
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (V.A.); (A.Z.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Veroniki P. Vidali
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Christos T. Chasapis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece;
| | - John M. Matsoukas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Institute for Health and Sport, Immunology and Translational Research, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (L.K.G.); (V.A.); (A.Z.); (J.S.)
- NewDrug/NeoFar PC, Patras Science Park, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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Malik JR, Podany AT, Khan P, Shaffer CL, Siddiqui JA, Baranowska‐Kortylewicz J, Le J, Fletcher CV, Ether SA, Avedissian SN. Chemotherapy in pediatric brain tumor and the challenge of the blood-brain barrier. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21075-21096. [PMID: 37997517 PMCID: PMC10726873 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric brain tumors (PBT) stand as the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. Chemoradiation protocols have improved survival rates, even for non-resectable tumors. Nonetheless, radiation therapy carries the risk of numerous adverse effects that can have long-lasting, detrimental effects on the quality of life for survivors. The pursuit of chemotherapeutics that could obviate the need for radiotherapy remains ongoing. Several anti-tumor agents, including sunitinib, valproic acid, carboplatin, and panobinostat, have shown effectiveness in various malignancies but have not proven effective in treating PBT. The presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in maintaining suboptimal concentrations of anti-cancer drugs in the central nervous system (CNS). Ongoing research aims to modulate the integrity of the BBB to attain clinically effective drug concentrations in the CNS. However, current findings on the interaction of exogenous chemical agents with the BBB remain limited and do not provide a comprehensive explanation for the ineffectiveness of established anti-cancer drugs in PBT. METHODS We conducted our search for chemotherapeutic agents associated with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using the following keywords: Chemotherapy in Cancer, Chemotherapy in Brain Cancer, Chemotherapy in PBT, BBB Inhibition of Drugs into CNS, Suboptimal Concentration of CNS Drugs, PBT Drugs and BBB, and Potential PBT Drugs. We reviewed each relevant article before compiling the information in our manuscript. For the generation of figures, we utilized BioRender software. FOCUS We focused our article search on chemical agents for PBT and subsequently investigated the role of the BBB in this context. Our search criteria included clinical trials, both randomized and non-randomized studies, preclinical research, review articles, and research papers. FINDING Our research suggests that, despite the availability of potent chemotherapeutic agents for several types of cancer, the effectiveness of these chemical agents in treating PBT has not been comprehensively explored. Additionally, there is a scarcity of studies examining the role of the BBB in the suboptimal outcomes of PBT treatment, despite the effectiveness of these drugs for other types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johid Reza Malik
- Antiviral Pharmacology LaboratoryCollege of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Anthony T. Podany
- Antiviral Pharmacology LaboratoryCollege of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology ProgramChild Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Christopher L. Shaffer
- Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology ProgramChild Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Jawed A. Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Jennifer Le
- University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Courtney V. Fletcher
- Antiviral Pharmacology LaboratoryCollege of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Sadia Afruz Ether
- Antiviral Pharmacology LaboratoryCollege of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Sean N. Avedissian
- Antiviral Pharmacology LaboratoryCollege of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology ProgramChild Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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3
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Berezin CT, Bergum N, Torres Lopez GM, Vigh J. Morphine pharmacokinetics and opioid transporter expression at the blood-retina barrier of male and female mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1206104. [PMID: 37388441 PMCID: PMC10301758 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1206104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioids are effective analgesics for treating moderate to severe pain, however, their use must be weighed against their dangerous side effects. Investigations into opioid pharmacokinetics provide crucial information regarding both on- and off-target drug effects. Our recent work showed that morphine deposits and accumulates in the mouse retina at higher concentrations than in the brain upon chronic systemic exposure. We also found reduced retinal expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a major opioid extruder at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we systematically interrogated the expression of three putative opioid transporters at the blood-retina barrier (BRB): P-gp, breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (Mrp2). Using immunohistochemistry, we found robust expression of P-gp and Bcrp, but not Mrp2, at the inner BRB of the mouse retina. Previous studies have suggested that P-gp expression may be regulated by sex hormones. However, upon acute morphine treatment we found no sex differences in morphine deposition levels in the retina or brain, nor on transporter expression in the retinas of males and females with a high or low estrogen:progesterone ratio. Importantly, we found that P-gp, but not Bcrp, expression significantly correlated with morphine concentration in the retina, suggesting P-gp is the predominant opioid transporter at the BRB. In addition, fluorescence extravasation studies revealed that chronic morphine treatment did not alter the permeability of either the BBB or BRB. Together, these data suggest that reduced P-gp expression mediates retinal morphine accumulation upon systemic delivery, and in turn, potential effects on circadian photoentrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey-Tyler Berezin
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nikolas Bergum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Glenda M. Torres Lopez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jozsef Vigh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Jepkes S, Josee-Lemoy M, Knych H, de Lucena T, Ardeshir A, Stockinger DE. The Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Methylnaltrexone Bromide in Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca mulatta). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:260-266. [PMID: 37080736 PMCID: PMC10230534 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are an integral component of pain management for nonhuman primates. These potent analgesics also adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects that include constipation, bloating, and delayed gastric emptying. Methylnaltrexone bromide (MNTX) is a selective, peripherally acting μ- and κ-opioid receptor antagonist that can be used to mitigate the GI effects associated with opioid administration. Unlike naltrexone, a similar drug in this class, MNTX possesses an N-methyl-quaternary amine group that prevents it from crossing the blood brain barrier. This blockage allows inhibition of peripheral GI opioid receptors without affecting opioid-mediated analgesia in the central nervous system. We conducted a pharmacokinetic analysis of MNTX in serum and CSF of 6 healthy juvenile male rhesus macaques after subcutaneous administration of a 0.15-mg/kg dose. We hypothesized that the macaques would demonstrate a Tmax of 0.5 h, similar to that of humans, and that no MNTX would be detected in the CSF. This treatment resulted in a peak serum concentration of 114 ± 44 ng/mL at 0.25 ± 0.00 h; peak CSF at concentrations were 0.34 ± 0.07 ng/mL at the Tmax. These data show that subcutaneous administration of MNTX to rhesus macaques may block peripheral adverse effects of opioids without interfering with their central analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jepkes
- Primate Medicine Services, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Marie Josee-Lemoy
- Primate Medicine Services, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Heather Knych
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Thiago de Lucena
- Division of Economics, San Diego State University, San Diego, California; and
| | - Amir Ardeshir
- Infectious Disease Unit, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Diane E Stockinger
- Primate Medicine Services, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
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Helmy WA, Ragab TIM, Salama BM, Basha M, Shamma R, Abd El-Rahman SS, Shawky H. Novel naringin tablet formulations of agro-resides based nano/micro crystalline cellulose with neuroprotective and Alzheimer ameliorative potentials. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123060. [PMID: 36632961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to prepare micro/nanocrystalline cellulose-loaded naringin (NAR) tablets and evaluate their neuro-protective/therapeutic potentials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model. Micro/nanocellulose was prepared from different agro-wastes, and the different cellulose preparations were then used to formulate eight oral tablets of naringin micro/nanoparticles by direct compression. AD-like symptoms were induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by co-administration of 150 mg/kg AlCl3 and 300 mg/kg D-galactose (oral administration/one week), and NAR tablets were assessed for neuroprotective/therapeutic potentials in terms of behavioral changes, levels of neurodegenerative and inflammatory markers, brain redox status, neurotransmitter tones, and cortex/hippocampus histopathological alterations. NAR treatments have significantly reversed the neurotoxic effect of AlCl3 as demonstrated by improved spatial and cognitive memory functions and promoted antioxidant defense mechanisms in treated AD animals. Also, the neurodegeneration was markedly restrained as reflected by marked histopathological enhancement, and prevention/amelioration of neuropsychiatric disorders, besides the restorative effect on dysregulated neurotransmitters tone. Both NAR tablet forms showed an overall higher ameliorative effect compared to the DPZ reference drug. The formulated tablets represent promising neuroprotective/therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Helmy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer I M Ragab
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Bassem M Salama
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Basha
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Eleni St., Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba Shawky
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
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Ma H, Pagare PP, Li M, Neel LT, Mendez RE, Gillespie JC, Stevens DL, Dewey WL, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Structural Alterations of the "Address" Moiety of NAN Leading to the Discovery of a Novel Opioid Receptor Modulator with Reduced hERG Toxicity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:577-595. [PMID: 36538027 PMCID: PMC10546487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for selective opioid ligands with desired pharmacological potency and improved safety profile has always been an area of interest. Our previous effort yielded a potent opioid modulator, NAN, a 6α-N-7'-indolyl-substituted naltrexamine derivative, which exhibited promising pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. However, significant human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) liability limited its further development. Therefore, a systematic structural modification on NAN was conducted in order to alleviate hERG toxicity while preserving pharmacological properties, which led to the discovery of 2'-methylindolyl derivative compound 21. Compared to NAN, compound 21 manifested overall improved pharmacological profiles. Follow-up hERG channel inhibition evaluation revealed a seven-fold decreased potency of compound 21 compared to NAN. Furthermore, several fundamental drug-like property evaluations suggested a reasonable ADME profile of 21. Collectively, compound 21 appeared to be a promising opioid modulator for further development as a novel therapeutic agent toward opioid use disorder treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - Mengchu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - Logan T Neel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - Rolando E Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - James C Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 E Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia23298, United States
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, Virginia23298-0059, United States
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7
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Ruczaj A, Brzóska MM. Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: A critical review of current data. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:66-88. [PMID: 35304765 PMCID: PMC10084305 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more attention has been focused on the risk of the neurotoxic action of cadmium (Cd) under environmental exposure. Due to the growing incidence of nervous system diseases, including neurodegenerative changes, and suggested involvement of Cd in their aetiopathogenesis, this review aimed to discuss critically this element neurotoxicity. Attempts have been made to recognize at which concentrations in the blood and urine Cd may increase the risk of damage to the nervous system and compare it to the risk of injury of other organs and systems. The performed overview of the available literature shows that Cd may have an unfavourable impact on the human's nervous system at the concentration >0.8 μg Cd/L in the urine and >0.6 μg Cd/L in the blood. Because such concentrations are currently noted in the general population of industrialized countries, it can be concluded that environmental exposure to this xenobiotic may create a risk of damage to the nervous system and be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as worsening cognitive and behavioural functions. The potential mechanism of Cd neurotoxicity consists in inducing oxidative stress, disrupting the activity of enzymes essential to the proper functioning of the nervous system and destroying the homoeostasis of bioelements in the brain. Thus, further studies are necessary to recognize accurately both the risk of nervous system damage in the general population due to environmental exposure to Cd and the mechanism of this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ruczaj
- Department of ToxicologyMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
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Mazzitelli M, Presto P, Antenucci N, Meltan S, Neugebauer V. Recent Advances in the Modulation of Pain by the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Cells 2022; 11:2608. [PMID: 36010684 PMCID: PMC9406805 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR or mGlu) are G-protein coupled receptors activated by the binding of glutamate, the main classical neurotransmitter of the nervous system. Eight different mGluR subtypes (mGluR1-8) have been cloned and are classified in three groups based on their molecular, pharmacological and signaling properties. mGluRs mediate several physiological functions such as neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, but they have also been implicated in numerous pathological conditions including pain. The availability of new and more selective allosteric modulators together with the canonical orthosteric ligands and transgenic technologies has led to significant advances in our knowledge about the role of the specific mGluR subtypes in the pathophysiological mechanisms of various diseases. Although development of successful compounds acting on mGluRs for clinical use has been scarce, the subtype-specific-pharmacological manipulation might be a compelling approach for the treatment of several disorders in humans, including pain; this review aims to summarize and update on preclinical evidence for the roles of different mGluRs in the pain system and discusses knowledge gaps regarding mGluR-related sex differences and neuroimmune signaling in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Mazzitelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Peyton Presto
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Nico Antenucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Shakira Meltan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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Schreiner TG, Creangă-Murariu I, Tamba BI, Lucanu N, Popescu BO. In Vitro Modeling of the Blood–Brain Barrier for the Study of Physiological Conditions and Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081136. [PMID: 36009030 PMCID: PMC9405874 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an essential structure for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Alterations to the BBB are linked with a myriad of pathological conditions and play a significant role in the onset and evolution of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, a deeper understanding of the BBB’s structure and function is mandatory for a better knowledge of neurodegenerative disorders and the development of effective therapies. Because studying the BBB in vivo imposes overwhelming difficulties, the in vitro approach remains the main possible way of research. With many in vitro BBB models having been developed over the last years, the main aim of this review is to systematically present the most relevant designs used in neurological research. In the first part of the article, the physiological and structural–functional parameters of the human BBB are detailed. Subsequently, available BBB models are presented in a comparative approach, highlighting their advantages and limitations. Finally, the new perspectives related to the study of Alzheimer’s disease with the help of novel devices that mimic the in vivo human BBB milieu gives the paper significant originality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Professor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ioana Creangă-Murariu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str., No. 16, 700155 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Str., No. 16, 700155 Iasi, Romania
| | - Nicolae Lucanu
- Department of Applied Electronics and Intelligent Systems, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 21-23 Professor Dimitrie Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Neurology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Neurosciences and Experimental Myology, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Power EA, Rechberger JS, Gupta S, Schwartz JD, Daniels DJ, Khatua S. Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors - An update. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114303. [PMID: 35460714 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Even though the last decade has seen a surge in the identification of molecular targets and targeted therapies in pediatric brain tumors, the blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant challenge in systemic drug delivery. This continues to undermine therapeutic efficacy. Recent efforts have identified several strategies that can facilitate enhanced drug delivery into pediatric brain tumors. These include invasive methods such as intra-arterial, intrathecal, and convection enhanced delivery and non-invasive technologies that allow for transient access across the BBB, including focused ultrasound and nanotechnology. This review discusses current strategies that are being used to enhance delivery of different therapies across the BBB to the tumor site - a major unmet need in pediatric neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica A Power
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Julian S Rechberger
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Sumit Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Las Vegas, NV 89118, United States
| | - Jonathan D Schwartz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States.
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Morphine Accumulates in the Retina Following Chronic Systemic Administration. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050527. [PMID: 35631353 PMCID: PMC9146690 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid transport into the central nervous system is crucial for the analgesic efficacy of opioid drugs. Thus, the pharmacokinetics of opioid analgesics such as morphine have been extensively studied in systemic circulation and the brain. While opioid metabolites are routinely detected in the vitreous fluid of the eye during postmortem toxicological analyses, the pharmacokinetics of morphine within the retina of the eye remains largely unexplored. In this study, we measured morphine in mouse retina following systemic exposure. We showed that morphine deposits and persists in the retina long after levels have dropped in the serum. Moreover, we found that morphine concentrations (ng/mg tissue) in the retina exceeded brain morphine concentrations at all time points tested. Perhaps most intriguingly, these data indicate that following chronic systemic exposure, morphine accumulates in the retina, but not in the brain or serum. These results suggest that morphine can accumulate in the retina following chronic use, which could contribute to the deleterious effects of chronic opioid use on both image-forming and non-image-forming visual functions.
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12
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Huang B, Li M, Klongkumnuankarn P, Mendez RE, Gillespie JC, Stevens DL, Dewey WL, Selley DE, Zhang Y. Rational Design, Chemical Syntheses, and Biological Evaluations of Peripherally Selective Mu Opioid Receptor Ligands as Potential Opioid Induced Constipation Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4991-5003. [PMID: 35255683 PMCID: PMC10546485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common adverse effect of opioid analgesics. Peripherally acting μ opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) can be applied in the treatment of OIC without compromising the analgesic effects. NAP, a 6β-N-4-pyridyl-substituted naltrexamine derivative, was previously identified as a potent and selective MOR antagonist mainly acting peripherally but with some CNS effects. Herein, we introduced a highly polar aromatic moiety, for example, a pyrazolyl or imidazolyl ring to decrease CNS MPO scores in order to reduce passive BBB permeability. Four compounds 2, 5, 17, and 19, when administered orally, were able to increase intestinal motility during morphine-induced constipation in the carmine red dye assays. Among them, compound 19 (p.o.) improved GI tract motility by 75% while orally administered NAP and methylnaltrexone showed no significant effects at the same dose. Thus, this compound seemed a promising agent to be further developed as an oral treatment for OIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boshi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Mengchu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Pornprom Klongkumnuankarn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Rolando E Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - James C Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - David L Stevens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - William L Dewey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Dana E Selley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 North 12th Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
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13
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Post-marketing surveillance of the safety and effectiveness of naldemedine in the management of opioid-induced constipation in patients with cancer pain in Japan. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3943-3954. [PMID: 35044484 PMCID: PMC8942924 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-06807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This prospective post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was designed to collect data on the safety and effectiveness of naldemedine in routine clinical practice in patients with opioid-induced constipation (OIC) and cancer pain in Japan and explore the characteristics of patients prone to diarrhea. Methods The enrolled patients received naldemedine (0.2 mg, once a day) orally for up to 12 weeks. In the safety analysis, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including diarrhea as a special interest, were assessed. Effectiveness was evaluated, especially regarding the frequency and condition of bowel movement. Results In the safety analysis set (n = 1177), 145 ADRs occurred in 133 (11.30%) patients, and diarrhea was the most frequent event (n = 107, 9.09%). Most cases of diarrhea were non-serious (98.1%). Most ADRs were non-serious (93.8%), and they resolved within 2 weeks (75.9%). No patient characteristics influenced the risk of diarrhea development or aggravation. Both the frequency (75.0% and 83.2%) and condition of bowel movement (80.0% and 88.0%) were improved at 2 and 12 weeks, respectively in the effectiveness analysis set (n = 953). Frequency and condition of bowel movement were also improved in patients excluded (e.g., Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was ≥ 3) or with very small numbers (e.g., received weak opioid) in the clinical trials. Conclusions This PMS indicates that naldemedine is well tolerated and effective in patients of various backgrounds in routine clinical practice who have OIC and cancer pain. Trial registration UMIN000042851. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-022-06807-y.
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14
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Rodieux F, Ivanyuk A, Besson M, Desmeules J, Samer CF. Hydromorphone Prescription for Pain in Children-What Place in Clinical Practice? Front Pediatr 2022; 10:842454. [PMID: 35547539 PMCID: PMC9083226 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.842454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While morphine is the gold standard treatment for severe nociceptive pain in children, hydromorphone is increasingly prescribed in this population. This review aims to assess available knowledge about hydromorphone and explore the evidence for its safe and effective prescription in children. Hydromorphone is an opioid analgesic similar to morphine structurally and in its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties but 5-7 times more potent. Pediatric pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data on hydromorphone are sorely lacking; they are non-existent in children younger than 6 months of age and for oral administration. The current data do not support any advantage of hydromorphone over morphine, both in terms of efficacy and safety in children. Morphine should remain the treatment of choice for moderate and severe nociceptive pain in children and hydromorphone should be reserved as alternative treatment. Because of the important difference in potency, all strategies should be taken to avoid inadvertent administration of hydromorphone when morphine is intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Rodieux
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anton Ivanyuk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Besson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jules Desmeules
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland (ISPSO), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Caroline F Samer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Atallah MN, Badawy GM, El-Garawani IM, Abdallah FS, El-Borm HT. Neurotoxic effect of nalufin on the histology, ultrastructure, cell cycle and apoptosis of the developing chick embryo and its amelioration by selenium. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112693. [PMID: 34801652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of opioids during pregnancy has recently dramatically increased presenting major health problems, especially on the developing neonatal nervous system development. Nalufin is considered one of the most used opioid analgesics for treatment of moderate to severe pain, especially during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was firstly to assess the possible neurotoxic effects of nalufin injection during the organogenesis period of chick embryos, and second to investigate the ameliorative effects of selenium as a supplement. Fertilized chicken eggs were in ovo injected with 0.2ml of either nalufin (20 mg/kg egg) or selenium (0.1 mg/kg egg) or both. Nalufin injection resulted in cerebral cortical layer disruption, increase of Caspase-3 immunoexpression and chromatolytic nuclei, degenerated organelles, rarefied cytoplasm and hemorrhage. On the molecular levels, nalufin induced DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and increased the percentage of apoptosis of the neuronal cells. Selenium combined treatment restored the three-layered structure of the cerebral cortex, decreased caspase-3 immuno-expression, improved ultrastructure and recovered cell cycle arrest, decreased apoptosis, and DNA degradation. In conclusion, nalufin treatment during pregnancy imposes great concerns and should not be used during embryonic development, on the other hands, selenium appears to be a promising neuroprotective agent against nalufin-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa N Atallah
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Gamal M Badawy
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Islam M El-Garawani
- Molecular Biology- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Fatma S Abdallah
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Hend T El-Borm
- Vertebrates, Comparative Anatomy and Embryology- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt
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16
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Mhambi S, Fisher D, Tchokonte MBT, Dube A. Permeation Challenges of Drugs for Treatment of Neurological Tuberculosis and HIV and the Application of Magneto-Electric Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1479. [PMID: 34575555 PMCID: PMC8466684 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The anatomical structure of the brain at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) creates a limitation for the movement of drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). Drug delivery facilitated by magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) is a relatively new non-invasive approach for the delivery of drugs into the CNS. These nanoparticles (NPs) can create localized transient changes in the permeability of the cells of the BBB by inducing electroporation. MENs can be applied to deliver antiretrovirals and antibiotics towards the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections in the CNS. This review focuses on the drug permeation challenges and reviews the application of MENs for drug delivery for these diseases. We conclude that MENs are promising systems for effective CNS drug delivery and treatment for these diseases, however, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to achieve translation of this approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinaye Mhambi
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | - David Fisher
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
| | | | - Admire Dube
- Discipline of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa;
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