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Wang G, Hou G, Tian Q, Liu C, Guo Y, Wei H, Zhang Z, Li M. Inhibition of S100A9 alleviates neurogenic pulmonary edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115905. [PMID: 37949322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) frequently arises as a complication subsequent to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Heterodimers of S100A8 and S100A9 are commonly formed, thereby initiating an inflammatory reaction through receptor binding on the cell surface. Paquinimod serves as a specific inhibitor of S100A9. The objective of this investigation is to assess the impact of Paquinimod administration and S100A9 knockout on NPE following SAH. METHODS In this study, SAH models of C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and S100A9 knockout mice were established through intravascular perforation. These models were then divided into several groups, including the WT-sham group, S100A9-KO-sham group, WT-SAH group, WT-SAH + Paquinimod group, and S100A9-KO-SAH group. After 24 h of SAH induction, pulmonary edema was assessed using the lung wet-dry weight method and Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Additionally, the expression levels of various proteins, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), occludin, claudin-3, Bax, Bcl-2, TLR4, MYD88, and pNF-κB, in lung tissue were analyzed using western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Lung tissue apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. RESULTS Firstly, our findings indicate that the knockout of S100A9 has a protective effect on early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Additionally, the reduction of brain injury after SAH can also alleviate neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). Immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis revealed that compared to SAH mice with wild-type S100A9 expression (WT-SAH), the lungs of S100A9 knockout SAH mice (S100A9-KO-SAH) and mice treated with Paquinimod exhibited decreased levels of inflammatory molecules (IL-1β and TNF-α) and increased levels of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, the knockout of S100A9 resulted in upregulated expression of the apoptotic-associated protein Bax and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2. Furthermore, a decrease in TLR4, MYD88, and phosphorylated pNF-κB was noted in S100A9-KO-SAH and Paquinimod treated mice, indicating the potential involvement of the TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the inhibition of the protective effect of S100A9 on NPE following SAH. CONCLUSION The knockout of S100A9 not only ameliorated initial cerebral injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but also mitigated SAH-associated neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE). Additionally, Paquinimod was found to diminish NPE. These findings imply a correlation between the central nervous system and peripheral organs, highlighting the potential of safeguarding the brain to mitigate harm to peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guo Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chengli Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Heng Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Ostermann L, Seeliger B, David S, Flasche C, Maus R, Reinboth MS, Christmann M, Neumann K, Brand K, Seltmann S, Bühling F, Paton JC, Roth J, Vogl T, Viemann D, Welte T, Maus UA. S100A9 is indispensable for survival of pneumococcal pneumonia in mice. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011493. [PMID: 37467233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A8/A9 has important immunomodulatory roles in antibacterial defense, but its relevance in focal pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is understudied. We show that S100A9 was significantly increased in BAL fluids of patients with bacterial but not viral pneumonia and correlated with procalcitonin and sequential organ failure assessment scores. Mice deficient in S100A9 exhibited drastically elevated Zn2+ levels in lungs, which led to bacterial outgrowth and significantly reduced survival. In addition, reduced survival of S100A9 KO mice was characterized by excessive release of neutrophil elastase, which resulted in degradation of opsonophagocytically important collectins surfactant proteins A and D. All of these features were attenuated in S. pneumoniae-challenged chimeric WT→S100A9 KO mice. Similarly, therapy of S. pneumoniae-infected S100A9 KO mice with a mutant S100A8/A9 protein showing increased half-life significantly decreased lung bacterial loads and lung injury. Collectively, S100A9 controls central antibacterial immune mechanisms of the lung with essential relevance to survival of pneumococcal pneumonia. Moreover, S100A9 appears to be a promising biomarker to distinguish patients with bacterial from those with viral pneumonia. Trial registration: Clinical Trials register (DRKS00000620).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ostermann
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Seeliger
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha David
- Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Flasche
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marieke S Reinboth
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstantin Neumann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Frank Bühling
- Labopart Medical Laboratories, Dresden and Chemnitz, Germany
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Translational Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Infection Research, University Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Clinic for Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich A Maus
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
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Cerón JJ, Ortín-Bustillo A, López-Martínez MJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Eckersall PD, Tecles F, Tvarijonaviciute A, Muñoz-Prieto A. S-100 Proteins: Basics and Applications as Biomarkers in Animals with Special Focus on Calgranulins (S100A8, A9, and A12). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:881. [PMID: 37372165 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
S100 proteins are a group of calcium-binding proteins which received this name because of their solubility in a 100% saturated solution of ammonium sulphate. They have a similar molecular mass of 10-12 KDa and share 25-65% similarity in their amino acid sequence. They are expressed in many tissues, and to date 25 different types of S100 proteins have been identified. This review aims to provide updated information about S100 proteins and their use as biomarkers in veterinary science, with special emphasis on the family of calgranulins that includes S100A8 (calgranulin A; myeloid-related protein 8, MRP8), S100A9 (calgranulin B; MRP14), and S100A12 (calgranulin C). The proteins SA100A8 and S100A9 can be linked, forming a heterodimer which is known as calprotectin. Calgranulins are related to the activation of inflammation and the immune system and increase in gastrointestinal diseases, inflammation and sepsis, immunomediated diseases, and obesity and endocrine disorders in different animal species. This review reflects the current knowledge about calgranulins in veterinary science, which should increase in the future to clarify their role in different diseases and potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as the practical use of their measurement in non-invasive samples such as saliva or feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alba Ortín-Bustillo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María José López-Martínez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Peter David Eckersall
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Xie S, Wang J, Tuo W, Zhuang S, Cai Q, Yao C, Han F, Zhu H, Xiang Y, Yuan C. Serum level of S100A8/A9 as a biomarker for establishing the diagnosis and severity of community-acquired pneumonia in children. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139556. [PMID: 37180431 PMCID: PMC10172663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background S100A8/A9, which is a member of S100 proteins, may be involved in the pathophysiology of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) that seriously threatens children's health. However, circulating markers to assess the severity of pneumonia in children are yet to be explored. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum S100A8/A9 level in determining the severity of CAP in children. Methods In this prospective and observational study, we recruited 195 in-hospital children diagnosed with CAP. In comparison, 63 healthy children (HC) and 58 children with non-infectious pneumonia (pneumonitis) were included as control groups. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Serum S100A8/A9 levels, serum pro-calcitonin concentrations, and blood leucocyte counts were quantified. Results The serum S100A8/A9 levels in patients with CAP was 1.59 ± 1.32 ng/mL, which was approximately five and two times higher than those in healthy controls and those in children with pneumonitis, respectively. Serum S100A8/A9 was elevated parallelly with the clinical pulmonary infection score. The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index of S100A8/A9 ≥1.25 ng/mL for predicting the severity of CAP in children was optimal. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of S100A8/A9 was the highest among the indices used to evaluate severity. Conclusions S100A8/A9 may serve as a biomarker for predicting the severity of the condition in children with CAP and establishing treatment grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbin Tuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihao Zhuang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qinzhen Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Yao
- Health Care Department, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongmin Zhu, ; Yun Xiang, ; Chunhui Yuan,
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongmin Zhu, ; Yun Xiang, ; Chunhui Yuan,
| | - Chunhui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Hongmin Zhu, ; Yun Xiang, ; Chunhui Yuan,
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5
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Liu Y, Kong X, You Y, Xiang L, Zhang Y, Wu R, Zhou L, Duan L. S100A8-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis in Macrophages Facilitates Liver Fibrosis Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223579. [PMID: 36429008 PMCID: PMC9688473 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis has been implicated in liver fibrosis progression. However, the definite intrahepatic cell types that undergo pyroptosis and the underlying mechanism as well as the clinical importance remain unclear. Here, augmented levels of pyroptosis-related indicators GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 were verified in both liver fibrosis patients and CCl4-induced fibrotic mouse model. Confocal imaging of NLRP3 with albumin, F4/80 or α-SMA revealed that enhanced NLRP3 was mainly localized to kupffer cells (KCs), indicating that KCs are major cell types that undergo pyroptosis. Targeting pyroptosis by inhibitor MCC950 attenuated the severity and ameliorated liver function in fibrosis models. In addition, elevated S100A8 in liver fibrosis patients was correlated with pyroptosis-related indicators. S100A8 stimulated pyroptotic death of macrophages, which resulted in activation of human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 cells and increased collagen deposition. Mechanistically, S100A8 activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling and upregulated its target genes NLRP3, pro-IL-1β, and pro-IL-18 expression, and induced reactive oxygen (ROS) abundance to activate NLRP3 inflammasome, finally leading to pyroptotic cell death in macrophages. More importantly, circulating GSDMD had the optimal predicting value for liver fibrosis progression. In conclusion, S100A8-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis by TLR4/NF-κB activation and ROS production in macrophages facilitates liver fibrosis progression. The identified GSDMD has the potential to be a biomarker for liver fibrosis evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuehua Kong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Linwei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +23-68485388 (L.Z.); +23-63693193 (L.D.)
| | - Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (L.D.); Tel.: +23-68485388 (L.Z.); +23-63693193 (L.D.)
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Rosen T, Nolan EM. S100A12 promotes Mn(II) binding to pneumococcal PsaA and staphylococcal MntC by Zn(II) sequestration. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 233:111862. [PMID: 35660119 PMCID: PMC9254665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Human S100A12 (calgranulin C, EN-RAGE) is a Zn(II)-sequestering host-defense protein that contributes to the metal-withholding innate immune response against microbial pathogens. S100A12 coordinates Zn(II) ions at two His3Asp sites with high affinity. A similar His3Asp site found in calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9, calgranulin A/B), a closely related human S100 protein, can sequester divalent metal ions from the solute-binding proteins (SBPs) pneumococcal PsaA (pneumococcal surface protein A) and staphylococcal MntC (manganese transport protein C). Both SBPs are components of Mn(II) transporters and capture extracellular Mn(II) ions for subsequent delivery into the bacterial cytosol. Nevertheless, PsaA and MntC exhibit a thermodynamic preference for Zn(II) over Mn(II), and Zn(II) binding can interfere with Mn(II) acquisition. In this work, we have used a biotinylated variant of S100A12 to show that S100A12 can sequester Zn(II) ions from PsaA and MntC. Moreover, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy indicates that by sequestering Zn(II) from Zn(II)-bound PsaA and MntC, S100A12 promotes Mn(II) binding to the SBPs. These results inform the function of S100A12 in Zn(II) sequestration, and further suggest that Zn(II)-sequestering S100 proteins may inadvertently protect bacterial pathogens during infection.
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Rosen T, Hadley RC, Bozzi AT, Ocampo D, Shearer J, Nolan EM. Zinc sequestration by human calprotectin facilitates manganese binding to the bacterial solute-binding proteins PsaA and MntC. Metallomics 2022; 14:6516941. [PMID: 35090019 PMCID: PMC8908208 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential transition metal nutrient for bacterial survival and growth but may become toxic when present at elevated levels. The Gram-positive bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae is sensitive to zinc poisoning, which results in growth inhibition and lower resistance to oxidative stress. Streptococcus pneumoniae has a relatively high manganese requirement, and zinc toxicity in this pathogen has been attributed to the coordination of Zn(II) at the Mn(II) site of the solute-binding protein (SBP) PsaA, which prevents Mn(II) uptake by the PsaABC transport system. In this work, we investigate the Zn(II)-binding properties of pneumococcal PsaA and staphylococcal MntC, a related SBP expressed by another Gram-positive bacterial pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, which contributes to Mn(II) uptake. X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies demonstrate that both SBPs harbor Zn(II) sites best described as five-coordinate, and metal-binding studies in solution show that both SBPs bind Zn(II) reversibly with sub-nanomolar affinities. Moreover, both SBPs exhibit a strong thermodynamic preference for Zn(II) ions, which readily displace bound Mn(II) ions from these proteins. We also evaluate the Zn(II) competition between these SBPs and the human S100 protein calprotectin (CP, S100A8/S100A9 oligomer), an abundant host-defense protein that is involved in the metal-withholding innate immune response. CP can sequester Zn(II) from PsaA and MntC, which facilitates Mn(II) binding to the SBPs. These results demonstrate that CP can inhibit Zn(II) poisoning of the SBPs and provide molecular insight into how S100 proteins may inadvertently benefit bacterial pathogens rather than the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Rosen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 16-573, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rose C Hadley
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 16-573, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aaron T Bozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 16-573, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel Ocampo
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
| | - Jason Shearer
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Nolan
- Correspondence: Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 16-573, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Tel: +1-617-452-2495; E-mail:
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de Porto AP, Liu Z, de Beer R, Florquin S, Roelofs JJTH, de Boer OJ, den Haan JMM, Hendriks RW, van 't Veer C, van der Poll T, de Vos AF. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase-Mediated Signaling in Myeloid Cells Is Required for Protective Innate Immunity During Pneumococcal Pneumonia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:723967. [PMID: 34552589 PMCID: PMC8450579 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.723967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic kinase expressed in B cells and myeloid cells. It is essential for B cell development and natural antibody-mediated host defense against bacteria in humans and mice, but little is known about the role of Btk in innate host defense in vivo. Previous studies have indicated that lack of (natural) antibodies is paramount for impaired host defense against Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae in patients and mice with a deficiency in functional Btk. In the present study, we re-examined the role of Btk in B cells and myeloid cells during pneumococcal pneumonia and sepsis in mice. The antibacterial defense of Btk-/- mice was severely impaired during pneumococcal pneumosepsis and restoration of natural antibody production in Btk-/- mice by transgenic expression of Btk specifically in B cells did not suffice to protect against infection. Btk-/- mice with reinforced Btk expression in MhcII+ cells, including B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, showed improved antibacterial defense as compared to Btk-/- mice. Bacterial outgrowth in Lysmcre-Btkfl/Y mice was unaltered despite a reduced capacity of Btk-deficient alveolar macrophages to respond to pneumococci. Mrp8cre-Btkfl/Y mice with a neutrophil specific paucity in Btk expression, however, demonstrated impaired antibacterial defense. Neutrophils of Mrp8cre-Btkfl/Y mice displayed reduced release of granule content after pulmonary installation of lipoteichoic acid, a gram-positive bacterial cell wall component relevant for pneumococci. Moreover, Btk deficient neutrophils showed impaired degranulation and phagocytosis upon incubation with pneumococci ex vivo. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that besides regulating B cell-mediated immunity, Btk is critical for regulation of myeloid cell-mediated, and particularly neutrophil-mediated, innate host defense against S. pneumoniae in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P de Porto
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhe Liu
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Regina de Beer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute (AI&II), Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Kotsiou OS, Papagiannis D, Papadopoulou R, Gourgoulianis KI. Calprotectin in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041706. [PMID: 33567747 PMCID: PMC7915440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calprotectin (CLP) is a heterodimer formed by two S-100 calcium-binding cytosolic proteins, S100A8 and S100A9. It is a multifunctional protein expressed mainly by neutrophils and released extracellularly by activated or damaged cells mediating a broad range of physiological and pathological responses. It has been more than 20 years since the implication of S100A8/A9 in the inflammatory process was shown; however, the evaluation of its role in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases or its usefulness as a biomarker for the appropriate diagnosis and prognosis of lung diseases have only gained attention in recent years. This review aimed to provide current knowledge regarding the potential role of CLP in the pathophysiology of lung diseases and describe how this knowledge is, up until now, translated into daily clinical practice. CLP is involved in numerous cellular processes in lung health and disease. In addition to its anti-microbial functions, CLP also serves as a molecule with pro- and anti-tumor properties related to cell survival and growth, angiogenesis, DNA damage response, and the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The findings of this review potentially introduce CLP in daily clinical practice within the spectrum of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Rodanthi Papadopoulou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK;
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10
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Makthal N, Do H, Wendel BM, Olsen RJ, Helmann JD, Musser JM, Kumaraswami M. Group A Streptococcus AdcR Regulon Participates in Bacterial Defense against Host-Mediated Zinc Sequestration and Contributes to Virulence. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00097-20. [PMID: 32393509 PMCID: PMC7375770 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00097-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonization by pathogenic bacteria depends on their ability to overcome host nutritional defenses and acquire nutrients. The human pathogen group A streptococcus (GAS) encounters the host defense factor calprotectin (CP) during infection. CP inhibits GAS growth in vitro by imposing zinc (Zn) limitation. However, GAS counterstrategies to combat CP-mediated Zn limitation and the in vivo relevance of CP-GAS interactions to bacterial pathogenesis remain unknown. Here, we report that GAS upregulates the AdcR regulon in response to CP-mediated Zn limitation. The AdcR regulon includes genes encoding Zn import (adcABC), Zn sparing (rpsN.2), and Zn scavenging systems (adcAII, phtD, and phtY). Each gene in the AdcR regulon contributes to GAS Zn acquisition and CP resistance. The ΔadcC and ΔrpsN.2 mutant strains were the most susceptible to CP, whereas the ΔadcA, ΔadcAII, and ΔphtD mutant strains displayed less CP sensitivity during growth in vitro However, the ΔphtY mutant strain did not display an increased CP sensitivity. The varied sensitivity of the mutant strains to CP-mediated Zn limitation suggests distinct roles for individual AdcR regulon genes in GAS Zn acquisition. GAS upregulates the AdcR regulon during necrotizing fasciitis infection in WT mice but not in S100a9-/- mice lacking CP. This suggests that CP induces Zn deficiency in the host. Finally, consistent with the in vitro results, several of the AdcR regulon genes are critical for GAS virulence in WT mice, whereas they are dispensable for virulence in S100a9-/- mice, indicating the direct competition for Zn between CP and proteins encoded by the GAS AdcR regulon during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Makthal
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hackwon Do
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian M Wendel
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Randall J Olsen
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - James M Musser
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Muthiah Kumaraswami
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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11
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Eijkelkamp BA, Morey JR, Neville SL, Tan A, Pederick VG, Cole N, Singh PP, Ong CLY, Gonzalez de Vega R, Clases D, Cunningham BA, Hughes CE, Comerford I, Brazel EB, Whittall JJ, Plumptre CD, McColl SR, Paton JC, McEwan AG, Doble PA, McDevitt CA. Dietary zinc and the control of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007957. [PMID: 31437249 PMCID: PMC6705770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human zinc deficiency increases susceptibility to bacterial infection. Although zinc supplementation therapies can reduce the impact of disease, the molecular basis for protection remains unclear. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of bacterial pneumonia, which is prevalent in regions of zinc deficiency. We report that dietary zinc levels dictate the outcome of S. pneumoniae infection in a murine model. Dietary zinc restriction impacts murine tissue zinc levels with distribution post-infection altered, and S. pneumoniae virulence and infection enhanced. Although the activation and infiltration of murine phagocytic cells was not affected by zinc restriction, their efficacy of bacterial control was compromised. S. pneumoniae was shown to be highly sensitive to zinc intoxication, with this process impaired in zinc restricted mice and isolated phagocytic cells. Collectively, these data show how dietary zinc deficiency increases sensitivity to S. pneumoniae infection while revealing a role for zinc as a component of host antimicrobial defences. Zinc deficiency affects one-third of the world’s population and is associated with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Despite this, the molecular basis for how zinc deficiency compromises host control of infection remains to be understood. We show that dietary zinc deficiency impacts host tissue zinc abundances and its mobilization during infection by the major respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Zinc acts as a direct antimicrobial against the pathogen, mobilized by phagocytic cells as a component of the innate immune response. Although immune activation and infiltration of phagocytic cells is unaffected by host zinc status, the lack of antimicrobial zinc compromises bacterial control in zinc deficient hosts. These findings highlight the importance of zinc sufficiency in resisting bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A Eijkelkamp
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jacqueline R Morey
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Neville
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aimee Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria G Pederick
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nerida Cole
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Training Centre in Biodevices, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prashina P Singh
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cheryl-Lynn Y Ong
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raquel Gonzalez de Vega
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Clases
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bliss A Cunningham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine E Hughes
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Iain Comerford
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Erin B Brazel
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan J Whittall
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Charles D Plumptre
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shaun R McColl
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alastair G McEwan
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip A Doble
- The Atomic Medicine Initiative, University of Technology, Broadway, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Kawano T, Shimamura M, Nakagami H, Iso T, Koriyama H, Takeda S, Baba K, Sasaki T, Sakaguchi M, Morishita R, Mochizuki H. Therapeutic Vaccine Against S100A9 (S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A9) Inhibits Thrombosis Without Increasing the Risk of Bleeding in Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Hypertension 2019; 72:1355-1364. [PMID: 30571223 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decreased adherence to daily ingestion of antiplatelet drugs is a critical issue, increasing mortality and morbidity in poststroke patients. As vaccination could be a promising approach to solving this, we designed an antiplatelet vaccine that inhibited S100A9 (S100 calcium-binding protein A9)/CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36) signaling in platelets, which was reported to be a key signal in arterial thrombosis, but not hemostasis. Immunization with this vaccine induced a sustainable increase in the anti-S100A9 antibody titer for >2 months and an additional booster immunization enhanced the antibody production further. The middle cerebral artery occlusion time was successfully prolonged in the vaccinated mice, which was comparable to that in mice treated with clopidogrel. The antithrombotic effect lasted for 84 days after the last vaccination, as well as after the booster immunization. Importantly, the bleeding time was not affected in the immunized mice. The antithrombotic effect was also observed in the common carotid artery, which was similar to that found in CD36-/- mice. Vascular injury increased the expression of S100A9 in the serum and phosphorylation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and VAV1 in the platelets, but these increases were inhibited in the immunized mice. Moreover, the S100A9 vaccine did not induce cell-mediated autoimmunity, as demonstrated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. Thus, immunization with the S100A9 vaccine resulted in long-term inhibition of thrombus formation through inhibition of increased S100A9/CD36 signaling without risk of bleeding or adverse autoimmune responses. Vaccination against S100A9 might be a novel therapy to prevent recurrent ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kawano
- From the Department of Neurology (T.K., M.S., K.B., T.S., M.S., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Health Development and Medicine (T.K., M.S., H.N., H.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shimamura
- From the Department of Neurology (T.K., M.S., K.B., T.S., M.S., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Health Development and Medicine (T.K., M.S., H.N., H.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine (T.K., M.S., H.N., H.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Education and Research Support Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Koriyama
- Department of Health Development and Medicine (T.K., M.S., H.N., H.K.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shuko Takeda
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (S.T., R.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kosuke Baba
- From the Department of Neurology (T.K., M.S., K.B., T.S., M.S., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sasaki
- From the Department of Neurology (T.K., M.S., K.B., T.S., M.S., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Manabu Sakaguchi
- From the Department of Neurology (T.K., M.S., K.B., T.S., M.S., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy (S.T., R.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- From the Department of Neurology (T.K., M.S., K.B., T.S., M.S., H.M.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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13
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Myeloid-Related Protein 8/14 Participates in the Progression of Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis by Augmentation of Inflammation. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:631-639. [PMID: 31049785 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that myeloid-related protein 8/14 (MRP8/14) participates in the progression of inflammation after release from neutrophils and monocytes. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism(s) of the MRP8/14-augmented inflammatory response in mice with pneumococcal meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) meningitis was established by intracerebral injection of SP suspension. Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups and received the following injections: phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), MRP8/14 alone, SP alone, and SP plus MRP8/14. At 6 h, 24 h and 48 h postinfection, the clinical disease status was measured by the modified neurological severity score test, body weight loss and degree of cerebral edema; mice were anaesthetized, blood samples and brain samples were collected and brain inflammation was detected by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in serum and brain homogenates were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA levels of the above cytokines in brain homogenates were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in brain tissues was determined by immunohistochemical assay. In this study, we identified that MRP8/14 substantially augmented the SP-stimulated inflammatory response, aggravated clinical disease status and exacerbated SP-induced brain edema in a murine model of pneumococcal meningitis. Exogenous administration of MRP8/14 significantly enhanced mRNA and protein expression of the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines TNF-α, CRP, IL-6 and MCP-1 in brain homogenates and serum from mice with pneumococcal meningitis, which may be related to the NF-κB signalling pathway. We further found that MRP8/14 strongly augmented SP-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in brain tissue slices from the same model. In conclusion, our results indicated that MRP8/14 augmented the inflammatory response in mice with pneumococcal meningitis and contributed to the development of disease, which was probably through NF-κB signalling pathway activation.
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14
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Ma KC, Schenck EJ, Pabon MA, Choi AMK. The Role of Danger Signals in the Pathogenesis and Perpetuation of Critical Illness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 197:300-309. [PMID: 28977759 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201612-2460pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Ma
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Edward J Schenck
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Maria A Pabon
- 3 Division of General Internal Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York; and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and.,2 New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
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15
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Siljan WW, Holter JC, Michelsen AE, Nymo SH, Lauritzen T, Oppen K, Husebye E, Ueland T, Mollnes TE, Aukrust P, Heggelund L. Inflammatory biomarkers are associated with aetiology and predict outcomes in community-acquired pneumonia: results of a 5-year follow-up cohort study. ERJ Open Res 2019; 5:00014-2019. [PMID: 30863773 PMCID: PMC6409082 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00014-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers may facilitate clinical decisions in order to guide antimicrobial treatment and prediction of prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We measured serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin (PCT) and calprotectin levels, and plasma pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and presepsin levels, along with whole-blood white cell counts, at three time-points, and examined their association with microbial aetiology and adverse clinical outcomes in CAP. Methods Blood samples were obtained at hospital admission, clinical stabilisation and 6-week follow-up from 267 hospitalised adults with CAP. Adverse short-term outcome was defined as intensive care unit admission and 30-day mortality. Long-term outcome was evaluated as 5-year all-cause mortality. Results Peak levels of all biomarkers were seen at hospital admission. Increased admission levels of C-reactive protein, PCT and calprotectin were associated with bacterial aetiology of CAP, while increased admission levels of PCT, PTX3 and presepsin were associated with adverse short-term outcome. In univariate and multivariate regression models, white blood cells and calprotectin at 6-week follow-up were predictors of 5-year all-cause mortality. Conclusions Calprotectin emerges as both a potential early marker of bacterial aetiology and a predictor for 5-year all-cause mortality in CAP, whereas PCT, PTX3 and presepsin may predict short-term outcome. In 267 adults with community-acquired pneumonia, systemic calprotectin emerges as an early marker of bacterial aetiology and a predictor of 5-year mortality, whereas systemic procalcitonin, pentraxin 3 and presepsin are predictors of short-term outcomehttp://ow.ly/dz6S30nAFvn
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Siljan
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan C Holter
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle H Nymo
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Lauritzen
- Dept of Medical Biochemistry, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Kjersti Oppen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Dept of Medical Biochemistry, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Einar Husebye
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom E Mollnes
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.,Dept of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammatory Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Heggelund
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Drammen Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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A Non-Peptidic S100A9 Specific Ligand for Optical Imaging of Phagocyte Activity In Vivo. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:407-416. [PMID: 29185197 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-invasive assessment of inflammatory activity in the course of various diseases is a largely unmet clinical challenge. An early feature of inflammation is local secretion of the alarmin S100A8/A9 by activated phagocytes. We here evaluate a novel S100A9-targeted small molecule tracer Cy5.5-CES271 for in vivo optical imaging of inflammatory activity in exemplary disease models. PROCEDURES Dynamics of Cy5.5-CES271 was characterized in a model of irritant contact dermatitis by sequential fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) up to 24 h postinjection (p.i.). Specificity of Cy5.5-CES271 binding to S100A9 in vivo was examined by blocking studies and by employing S100A9-/- mice. Finally, S100A9 secretion in acute lung inflammation was assessed by Cy5.5-CES271 and FRI of explanted lungs. RESULTS In ear inflammation, we were able to non-invasively follow the time course of S100A9 expression using Cy5.5-CES271 and FRI over 24 h p.i. (peak activity at 3 h p.i.). Specificity of imaging could be shown by a significant signal reduction after predosing and using S100A9-/- mice. In acute lung injury, local and systemic S100A8/A9 levels increased over time and correlated significantly with FRI signal levels in explanted lungs. CONCLUSIONS Cy5.5-CES271 shows significant accumulation in models of inflammatory diseases and specific binding to S100A9 in vivo. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the potential of a small molecule non-peptidic tracer enabling imaging of S100A9 as a marker of local phagocyte activity in inflammatory scenarios suggesting this compound class for translational attempts.
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17
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Mason LMK, Coumou J, Ersöz JI, Oei A, Roelofs JJTH, Vogl T, van der Poll T, Hovius JWR. MRP8/14 does not contribute to dissemination or inflammation in a murine model of Lyme borreliosis. Immunobiology 2018; 223:694-698. [PMID: 30056999 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein (MRP)8 and MRP14 form a complex (MRP8/14) that is released by activated neutrophils and monocytes during infection. MRP8/14 has been shown to have bacteriostatic activity in vitro against Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme borreliosis. Furthermore, levels of MRP8/14 have been shown to be elevated in the joints of patients with Lyme arthritis. We hypothesized that MRP8/14 has a protective effect during B. burgdorferi infection. To determine the role of MRP8/14 in the immune response to B. burgdorferi, we studied the course of B. burgdorferi infection in wildtype (wt) and mrp14-/- mice. In addition, we studied the response of leukocytes from mice lacking MRP8/14 to B. burgdorferi ex vivo. We demonstrated similar levels of B. burgdorferi dissemination, cytokine and immunoglobulin production in infected wt and mrp14-/- mice after 21 days. Neutrophils and monocytes lacking MRP8/14 were undiminished in their ability to become activated or phagocytose B. burgdorferi. In conclusion, we did not find a central role of MRP8/14 in the immune response against B. burgdorferi. As the levels of MRP8/14 in the serum of infected mice were low, we speculate that MRP8/14 is not released in levels great enough to influence the course of B. burgdorferi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M K Mason
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Coumou
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin I Ersöz
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Oei
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J T H Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joppe W R Hovius
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Hadley RC, Gu Y, Nolan EM. Initial Biochemical and Functional Evaluation of Murine Calprotectin Reveals Ca(II)-Dependence and Its Ability to Chelate Multiple Nutrient Transition Metal Ions. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2846-2856. [PMID: 29659256 PMCID: PMC5953840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Calprotectin (CP) is an abundant host-defense protein that contributes to the metal-withholding innate immune response by sequestering nutrient metal ions from microbial pathogens in the extracellular space. Over the past decade, murine models of infectious disease have advanced understanding of the physiological functions of CP and its ability to compete with microbes for essential metal nutrients. Despite this extensive work, murine CP (mCP) has not been biochemically evaluated, and structural and biophysical understanding of CP is currently limited to the human orthologue. We present the reconstitution, purification, and characterization of mCP as well as the cysteine-null variant mCP-Ser. Apo mCP is a mS100A8/mS100A9 heterodimer, and Ca(II) binding causes two heterodimers to self-associate and form a heterotetramer. Initial metal-depletion studies demonstrate that mCP depletes multiple first-row transition metal ions, including Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn, from complex microbial growth medium, indicating that mCP binds multiple nutrient metals with high affinity. Moreover, antibacterial activity assays show that mCP inhibits the growth of a variety of bacterial species. The metal-depletion and antibacterial activity studies also provide evidence that Ca(II) ions enhance these functional properties of mCP. This contribution provides the groundwork for understanding the similarities and differences between the human and murine orthologues of CP and for further elucidation of its biological coordination chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose C. Hadley
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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19
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Mizobuchi H, Fujii W, Ishizuka K, Wang Y, Watanabe S, Sanjoba C, Matsumoto Y, Goto Y. MRP14 is dispensable for LPS-induced shock in BALB/c mice. Immunol Lett 2017; 194:13-20. [PMID: 29253495 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein (MRP) 14 and MRP8 are abundantly expressed by myeloid cells and are involved in various inflammatory disorders. Although accumulating evidence revealed the roles of MRP14 and MRP8 in inflammatory responses by using MRP14-knockout (KO) mice, the KO mice were only available in the C57BL/6 background. We established BALB/c-background MRP14-KO mice to examine if its biological functions are conserved in mice with a different genetic background. MRP14-KO BALB/c mice showed different phenotypes from the reported MRP14-KO C57BL/6 mice in terms of bone marrow cell response to LPS and peripheral leukocyte population. When an acute lethal dose of LPS was injected, the survival rate was not different between MRP14-KO and WT mice, which was also different from results previously reported on C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that immunological functions of MRP14, and possibly also the associated molecule MRP8, are different between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, at least in the response to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yihan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Pirr S, Richter M, Fehlhaber B, Pagel J, Härtel C, Roth J, Vogl T, Viemann D. High Amounts of S100-Alarmins Confer Antimicrobial Activity on Human Breast Milk Targeting Pathogens Relevant in Neonatal Sepsis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1822. [PMID: 29326708 PMCID: PMC5733341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of perinatal mortality worldwide. Breast milk (BM) feeding is protective against neonatal sepsis, but the molecular mechanisms remain unexplained. Despite various supplementations with potential bioactive components from BM formula feeding cannot protect from sepsis. S100-alarmins are important immunoregulators in newborns preventing excessive inflammation. At high concentrations, the S100A8/A9 protein complex also has antimicrobial properties due to its metal ion chelation capacity. To assess whether BM contains S100-alarmins that might mediate the sepsis-protective effect of BM 97 human BM samples stratified for gestational age, mode of delivery and sampling after birth were collected and analyzed. S100A8/A9 levels were massively elevated after birth (p < 0.0005). They slowly decreased during the first month of life, then reaching levels comparable to normal values in adult serum. The concentration of S100A8/A9 in BM was significantly higher after term compared with preterm birth (extremely preterm, p < 0.005; moderate preterm, p < 0.05) and after vaginal delivery compared with cesarean section (p < 0.0005). In newborn s100a9−/− mice, enterally supplied S100-alarmins could be retrieved systemically in the plasma. To explore the antimicrobial activity against common causal pathogens of neonatal sepsis, purified S100-alarmins and unmodified as well as S100A8/A9-depleted BM were used in growth inhibition tests. The high amount of S100A8/A9 proved to be an important mediator of the antimicrobial activity of BM, especially inhibiting the growth of manganese (Mn) sensitive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (p < 0.00005) and group B streptococci (p < 0.005). Depletion of S100A8/A9 significantly reduced this effect (p < 0.05, respectively). The growth of Escherichia coli was also inhibited by BM (p < 0.00005) as well as by S100A8/A9 in culture assays (p < 0.05). But its growth in BM remained unaffected by the removal of S100A8/A9 and was neither dependent on Mn suggesting that the antimicrobial effects of S100A8/A9 in BM are primarily mediated by its Mn chelating capacity. In summary, the enteral supply of bioavailable, antimicrobially active amounts of S100-alarmins might be a promising option to protect newborns at high risk from infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pirr
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manuela Richter
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Children's Hospital "Auf der Bult", Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Fehlhaber
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Pagel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothee Viemann
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergy and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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21
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Chakraborty D, Zenker S, Rossaint J, Hölscher A, Pohlen M, Zarbock A, Roth J, Vogl T. Alarmin S100A8 Activates Alveolar Epithelial Cells in the Context of Acute Lung Injury in a TLR4-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1493. [PMID: 29180999 PMCID: PMC5693860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) are an essential part of the respiratory barrier in lungs for gas exchange and protection against pathogens. Damage to AECs occurs during lung injury and PAMPs/DAMPs have been shown to activate AECs. However, their interplay as well as the mechanism of AECs’ activation especially by the alarmin S100A8/A9 is unknown. Thus, our aim was to study the mechanism of activation of AECs (type I and type II) by S100A8 and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to understand the role of endogenous S100A8/A9 in neutrophil recruitment in the lung. For our studies, we modified a previous protocol for isolation and culturing of murine AECs. Next, we stimulated the cells with S100A8 and/or LPS and analyzed cytokine/chemokine release. We also analyzed the contribution of the known S100-receptors TLR4 and RAGE in AEC activation. In a murine model of lung injury, we investigated the role of S100A8/A9 in neutrophil recruitment to lungs. S100A8 activates type I and type II cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner which could be quantified by the release of IL-6, KC, and MCP-1. We here clearly demonstrate that AEC s are activated by S100A8 via a TLR4-dependent pathway. Surprisingly, RAGE, albeit mainly expressed in lung tissue, plays no role. Additionally, we show that S100A8/A9 is an essential factor for neutrophil recruitment to lungs. We, therefore, conclude that S100A8 promotes acute lung injury via Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie Zenker
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Hölscher
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michele Pohlen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Makthal N, Kumaraswami M. Zinc'ing it out: zinc homeostasis mechanisms and their impact on the pathogenesis of human pathogen group A streptococcus. Metallomics 2017; 9:1693-1702. [PMID: 29043347 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00240h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Group A Streptococccus (GAS) is a major human pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality. Zinc is an essential trace element required for GAS growth, however, zinc can be toxic at excess concentrations. The bacterial strategies to maintain zinc sufficiency without incurring zinc toxicity play a crucial role in host-GAS interactions and have a significant impact on GAS pathogenesis. The host deploys nutritional immune mechanisms to retard GAS growth by causing either zinc deprivation or zinc poisoning. However, GAS overcomes the zinc-dependent host defenses and survives in the hostile environment by employing complex adaptive strategies. In this review, we describe the different host immune strategies that employ either zinc limitation or zinc toxicity in different host environments to control GAS infection. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms and machineries used by GAS to evade host nutritional defenses and establish successful infection. Emerging evidence suggests that the metal transporters are major GAS virulence factors as they compete against host nutritional immune mechanisms to acquire or expel metals and promote bacterial survival in the host. Thus, identification of GAS molecules and elucidation of the mechanisms by which GAS combats host-mediated alterations in zinc availability may lead to novel interference strategies targeting GAS metal acquisition systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Makthal
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Muthiah Kumaraswami
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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23
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Zou S, Luo Q, Song Z, Zhang L, Xia Y, Xu H, Xiang Y, Yin Y, Cao J. Contribution of Progranulin to Protective Lung Immunity During Bacterial Pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2017; 215:1764-1773. [PMID: 28595330 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progranulin (PGRN) is an important immunomodulatory factor in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, its role in pulmonary immunity against bacterial infection remains unknown. Methods Pneumonia was induced in PGRN-deficient and normal wild-type mice using Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus, and we assessed the effects of PGRN on survival, bacterial burden, cytokine and chemokine production, and pulmonary leukocyte recruitment after bacterial pneumonia. Results Patients with community-acquired pneumonia displayed elevated PGRN levels. Likewise, mice with Gram-negative and Gram-positive pneumonia had increased PGRN production in the lung and circulation. Progranulin deficiency led to increased bacterial growth and dissemination accompanied by enhanced lung injury and mortality in bacterial pneumonia, which was associated with impaired recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils in the lung. The reduced number of pulmonary macrophages and neutrophils observed in PGRN-deficient mice was related to a reduction of CCL2 and CXCL1 in the lungs after bacterial pneumonia. Importantly, therapeutic administration of PGRN improved mortality in severe bacterial pneumonia. Conclusions This study supports a novel role for PGRN in pulmonary immunity and suggests that treatment with PGRN may be a viable therapy for bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zhixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Huajian Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
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24
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Abstract
Patients with pneumonia and parapneumonic effusion (PPE) have elevated mortality and a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to discover novel biomarkers to help distinguish between uncomplicated PPE (UPPE) and complicated PPE (CPPE). Using an iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics, we identified 766 proteins in pleural effusions from PPE patients. In total, 45 of these proteins were quantified as upregulated proteins in CPPE. Four novel upregulated candidates (BPI, NGAL, AZU1, and calprotectin) were selected and further verified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) on 220 patients with pleural effusions due to different causes. The pleural fluid levels of BPI, NGAL, AZU1, and calprotectin were significantly elevated in patients with CPPE. Among these four biomarkers, BPI had the best diagnostic value for CPPE, with an AUC value of 0.966, a sensitivity of 97%, and a specificity of 91.4%. A logistic regression analysis demonstrated a strong association between BPI levels > 10 ng/ml and CPPE (odds ratio = 341.3). Furthermore, the combination of pleural fluid BPI levels with LDH levels improved the sensitivity and specificity to 100% and 91.4%, respectively. Thus, our findings provided a comprehensive effusion proteome data set for PPE biomarker discovery and revealed novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of CPPE.
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25
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Makthal N, Nguyen K, Do H, Gavagan M, Chandrangsu P, Helmann JD, Olsen RJ, Kumaraswami M. A Critical Role of Zinc Importer AdcABC in Group A Streptococcus-Host Interactions During Infection and Its Implications for Vaccine Development. EBioMedicine 2017; 21:131-141. [PMID: 28596134 PMCID: PMC5514391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens must overcome host immune mechanisms to acquire micronutrients for successful replication and infection. Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A streptococcus (GAS), is a human pathogen that causes a variety of clinical manifestations, and disease prevention is hampered by lack of a human GAS vaccine. Herein, we report that the mammalian host recruits calprotectin (CP) to GAS infection sites and retards bacterial growth by zinc limitation. However, a GAS-encoded zinc importer and a nuanced zinc sensor aid bacterial defense against CP-mediated growth inhibition and contribute to GAS virulence. Immunization of mice with the extracellular component of the zinc importer confers protection against systemic GAS challenge. Together, we identified a key early stage host-GAS interaction and translated that knowledge into a novel vaccine strategy against GAS infection. Furthermore, we provided evidence that a similar struggle for zinc may occur during other streptococcal infections, which raises the possibility of a broad-spectrum prophylactic strategy against multiple streptococcal pathogens. Host employs calprotectin to impose zinc (Zn) limitation on the human pathogen group A streptococcus (GAS) during infection. As a defense, GAS uses a sensor, AdcR, to monitor Zn availability, and a high-affinity transporter, AdcABC, to acquire Zn. Finally, we characterized the extracellular subunit of AdcA as a vaccine candidate to protect mice from GAS infections.
There is an urgent need for a human vaccine to protect against diseases caused by human pathogen, group A streptococcus (GAS). Herein, we identified the key molecular players involved in the battle between the host and invading bacteria for the critical nutrient zinc. The host recruits calprotectin at GAS infection sites to limit zinc availability to the pathogen. The pathogen senses the alterations in zinc availability using a sensor, AdcR, and outcompetes calprotectin by employing a high-affinity zinc uptake system, AdcABC. Using this knowledge, we developed a successful vaccination strategy by immunization with AdcA and demonstrated protection against GAS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishanth Makthal
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Kimberly Nguyen
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Hackwon Do
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Maire Gavagan
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Pete Chandrangsu
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-8101, United States
| | - John D Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-8101, United States
| | - Randall J Olsen
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Muthiah Kumaraswami
- Center for Molecular and Translational Human Infectious Diseases Research, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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26
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S100-alarmin-induced innate immune programming protects newborn infants from sepsis. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:622-632. [PMID: 28459433 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The high risk of neonatal death from sepsis is thought to result from impaired responses by innate immune cells; however, the clinical observation of hyperinflammatory courses of neonatal sepsis contradicts this concept. Using transcriptomic, epigenetic and immunological approaches, we demonstrated that high amounts of the perinatal alarmins S100A8 and S100A9 specifically altered MyD88-dependent proinflammatory gene programs. S100 programming prevented hyperinflammatory responses without impairing pathogen defense. TRIF-adaptor-dependent regulatory genes remained unaffected by perinatal S100 programming and responded strongly to lipopolysaccharide, but were barely expressed. Steady-state expression of TRIF-dependent genes increased only gradually during the first year of life in human neonates, shifting immune regulation toward the adult phenotype. Disruption of this critical sequence of transient alarmin programming and subsequent reprogramming of regulatory pathways increased the risk of hyperinflammation and sepsis. Collectively these data suggest that neonates are characterized by a selective, transient microbial unresponsiveness that prevents harmful hyperinflammation in the delicate neonate while allowing for sufficient immunological protection.
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27
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Abstract
Transition metals are required trace elements for all forms of life. Due to their unique inorganic and redox properties, transition metals serve as cofactors for enzymes and other proteins. In bacterial pathogenesis, the vertebrate host represents a rich source of nutrient metals, and bacteria have evolved diverse metal acquisition strategies. Host metal homeostasis changes dramatically in response to bacterial infections, including production of metal sequestering proteins and the bombardment of bacteria with toxic levels of metals. In response, bacteria have evolved systems to subvert metal sequestration and toxicity. The coevolution of hosts and their bacterial pathogens in the battle for metals has uncovered emerging paradigms in social microbiology, rapid evolution, host specificity, and metal homeostasis across domains. This review focuses on recent advances and open questions in our understanding of the complex role of transition metals at the host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212;
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37212;
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee 37212
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28
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Pruenster M, Vogl T, Roth J, Sperandio M. S100A8/A9: From basic science to clinical application. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 167:120-131. [PMID: 27492899 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and monocytes belong to the first line of immune defence cells and are recruited to sites of inflammation during infection or sterile injury. Both cells contain huge amounts of the heterodimeric protein S100A8/A9 in their cytoplasm. S100A8/A9 belongs to the Ca2+ binding S100 protein family and has recently gained a lot of interest as a critical alarmin modulating the inflammatory response after its release (extracellular S100A8/A9) from neutrophils and monocytes. Extracellular S100A8/A9 interacts with the pattern recognition receptors Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) promoting cell activation and recruitment. Besides its biological function, S100A8/A9 (also known as myeloid related protein 8/14, MRP8/14) was identified as interesting biomarker to monitor disease activity in chronic inflammatory disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, S100A8/A9 has been tested successfully in pre-clinical imaging studies to localize sites of infection or sterile injury. Finally, recent evidence using small molecule inhibitors for S100A8/A9 also suggests that blocking S100A8/A9 activity exerts beneficial effects on disease activity in animal models of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This review will provide a comprehensive and detailed overview into the structure and biological function of S100A8/A9 and also will give an outlook in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic applications targeting S100A8/A9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany.
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29
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Su Y, Yao H, Wang H, Xu F, Li D, Li D, Zhang X, Yin Y, Cao J. IL-27 enhances innate immunity of human pulmonary fibroblasts and epithelial cells through upregulation of TLR4 expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L133-41. [PMID: 26608531 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00307.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung tissue cells play an active role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammatory diseases by releasing a variety of cytokines and chemokines. However, how lung tissue cells respond to microbial stimuli during pulmonary infections remains unclear. In this study, we found that patients with community-acquired pneumonia displayed increased IL-27 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. We subsequently examined the immunopathological mechanisms for the activation of primary human lung fibroblasts and bronchial epithelial cells by IL-27. We demonstrated that IL-27 priming enhanced LPS-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 from lung fibroblasts and bronchial epithelia cells via upregulating Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) expression. IL-27 upregulated TLR4 expression in lung fibroblasts through activation of Janus-activated kinase (JAK) and Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways, and inhibition of the JAK pathway could partially decrease IL-27-induced TLR4 expression, while inhibition of JNK pathway could completely suppress IL-27-induced TLR4 expression. Our data suggest that IL-27 modulates innate immunity of lung tissue cells through upregulating TLR4 expression during pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Dagen Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dairong Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China;
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Lloyd
- Imperial College (National Heart and Lung Institute), London, UK
| | - Paul Cullinan
- Imperial College (National Heart and Lung Institute), London, UK
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31
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Juttukonda LJ, Skaar EP. Manganese homeostasis and utilization in pathogenic bacteria. Mol Microbiol 2015; 97:216-28. [PMID: 25898914 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is a required cofactor for all forms of life. Given the importance of Mn to bacteria, the host has devised strategies to sequester Mn from invaders. In the macrophage phagosome, NRAMP1 removes Mn and other essential metals to starve intracellular pathogens; in the extracellular space, calprotectin chelates Mn and Zn. Calprotectin-mediated Mn sequestration is a newly appreciated host defense mechanism, and recent findings are highlighted herein. In order to acquire Mn when extracellular concentrations are low, bacteria have evolved efficient Mn acquisition systems that are under elegant transcriptional control. To counteract Mn overload, some bacteria possess Mn-specific export systems that are important in vivo, presumably for control of intracellular Mn levels. Mn transporters, their transcriptional regulators and some Mn-requiring enzymes are necessary for virulence of certain bacterial pathogens, as revealed by animal models of infection. Furthermore, Mn is an important facet of the cellular response to oxidative stress, a host antibacterial strategy. The battle for Mn between host and pathogen is now appreciated to be a major determinant of the outcome of infection. In this MicroReview, the contribution of Mn to the host-pathogen interaction is reviewed, and key questions are proposed for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J Juttukonda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Brophy MB, Nolan EM. Manganese and microbial pathogenesis: sequestration by the Mammalian immune system and utilization by microorganisms. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:641-51. [PMID: 25594606 PMCID: PMC4372095 DOI: 10.1021/cb500792b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal pathogens cause a variety of infectious diseases and constitute a significant threat to public health. The human innate immune system represents the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes and employs a range of chemical artillery to combat these invaders. One important mechanism of innate immunity is the sequestration of metal ions that are essential nutrients. Manganese is one nutrient that is required for many pathogens to establish an infective lifestyle. This review summarizes recent advances in the role of manganese in the host-pathogen interaction and highlights Mn(II) sequestration by neutrophil calprotectin as well as how bacterial acquisition and utilization of manganese enables pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Brunjes Brophy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Achouiti A, Vogl T, Van der Meer AJ, Stroo I, Florquin S, de Boer OJ, Roth J, Zeerleder S, van 't Veer C, de Vos AF, van der Poll T. Myeloid-related protein-14 deficiency promotes inflammation in staphylococcal pneumonia. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:464-73. [PMID: 25792636 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00183814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has evolved as an important cause of pneumonia in both hospital and community settings. Staphylococcal lung infection can lead to overwhelming pulmonary inflammation. During infection, neutrophils release complexes of myeloid-related protein (MRP)8 and MRP14 (MRP8/14). MRP8/14 has been shown to exert pro-inflammatory and chemotactic activity, and to assist in the killing of S. aureus. In the current study we sought to determine the role of MRP8/14 in the host response during S. aureus pneumonia.Pneumonia was induced in wildtype and MRP14-deficient mice (mice unable to form MRP8/14) by intranasal inoculation of 1×10(7) CFU of S. aureus USA300. Mice were sacrificed at 6, 24, 48 or 72 h after infection for analyses.S. aureus pneumonia was associated with a strong rise in MRP8/14 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. Surprisingly, MRP14 deficiency had a limited effect on bacterial clearance and was associated with increased cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and aggravated lung histopathology. MRP14 deficiency in addition was associated with a diminished transmigration of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at late time-points after infection together with reduced release of nucleosomes.MRP8/14 serves in an unexpected protective role for the lung in staphylococcal pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Achouiti
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Anne J Van der Meer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Stroo
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Dept of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Dept of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Dept of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van 't Veer
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Division of Infectious Diseases, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Wache C, Klein M, Ostergaard C, Angele B, Häcker H, Pfister HW, Pruenster M, Sperandio M, Leanderson T, Roth J, Vogl T, Koedel U. Myeloid-related protein 14 promotes inflammation and injury in meningitis. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:247-57. [PMID: 25605866 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophilic inflammation often persists for days despite effective antibiotic treatment and contributes to brain damage in bacterial meningitis. We propose here that myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP14), an abundant cytosolic protein in myeloid cells, acts as an endogenous danger signal, driving inflammation and aggravating tissue injury. METHODS The release pattern of MRP14 was analyzed in human and murine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as in isolated neutrophils. Its functional role was assessed in a mouse meningitis model, using MRP14-deficient mice. RESULTS We detected large quantities of MRP14 in CSF specimens from patients and mice with pneumococcal meningitis. Immunohistochemical analyses and a cell-depletion approach indicated neutrophils as the major source of MRP14. In a meningitis model, MRP14-deficient mice showed a better resolution of inflammation during antibiotic therapy, which was accompanied by reduced disease severity. Intrathecal administration of MRP14 before infection reverted the phenotype of MRP14-deficient mice back to wild type. Moreover, intrathecal injection of MRP14 alone was sufficient to induce meningitis in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-CXCL2-dependent manner. Finally, treatment with the MRP14 antagonist paquinimod reduced inflammation and disease severity significantly, reaching levels comparable to those achieved after genetic depletion of MRP14. CONCLUSIONS The present study implicates MRP14 as an essential propagator of inflammation and potential therapeutic target in pneumococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wache
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern of the Ludwig Maximilians University
| | - Matthias Klein
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern of the Ludwig Maximilians University
| | - Christian Ostergaard
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Barbara Angele
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern of the Ludwig Maximilians University
| | - Hans Häcker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hans-Walter Pfister
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern of the Ludwig Maximilians University
| | - Monika Pruenster
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, München
| | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University, München
| | | | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Koedel
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern of the Ludwig Maximilians University
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