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Westhoff M, Neumann P, Geiseler J, Bickenbach J, Arzt M, Bachmann M, Braune S, Delis S, Dellweg D, Dreher M, Dubb R, Fuchs H, Hämäläinen N, Heppner H, Kluge S, Kochanek M, Lepper PM, Meyer FJ, Neumann B, Putensen C, Schimandl D, Schönhofer B, Schreiter D, Walterspacher S, Windisch W. [Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure. Clinical Practice Guidelines - on behalf of the German Society of Pneumology and Ventilatory Medicine]. Pneumologie 2024; 78:453-514. [PMID: 37832578 DOI: 10.1055/a-2148-3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The guideline update outlines the advantages as well as the limitations of NIV in the treatment of acute respiratory failure in daily clinical practice and in different indications.Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has a high value in therapy of hypercapnic acute respiratory failure, as it significantly reduces the length of ICU stay and hospitalization as well as mortality.Patients with cardiopulmonary edema and acute respiratory failure should be treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and oxygen in addition to necessary cardiological interventions. This should be done already prehospital and in the emergency department.In case of other forms of acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure with only mild or moderately disturbed gas exchange (PaO2/FiO2 > 150 mmHg) there is no significant advantage or disadvantage compared to high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO). In severe forms of ARDS NIV is associated with high rates of treatment failure and mortality, especially in cases with NIV-failure and delayed intubation.NIV should be used for preoxygenation before intubation. In patients at risk, NIV is recommended to reduce extubation failure. In the weaning process from invasive ventilation NIV essentially reduces the risk of reintubation in hypercapnic patients. NIV is regarded useful within palliative care for reduction of dyspnea and improving quality of life, but here in concurrence to HFNO, which is regarded as more comfortable. Meanwhile NIV is also recommended in prehospital setting, especially in hypercapnic respiratory failure and pulmonary edema.With appropriate monitoring in an intensive care unit NIV can also be successfully applied in pediatric patients with acute respiratory insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Westhoff
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Hemer - Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Hemer
| | - Peter Neumann
- Abteilung für Klinische Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Göttingen-Weende gGmbH
| | - Jens Geiseler
- Medizinische Klinik IV - Pneumologie, Beatmungs- und Schlafmedizin, Paracelsus-Klinik Marl, Marl
| | - Johannes Bickenbach
- Klinik für Operative Intensivmedizin und Intermediate Care, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Michael Arzt
- Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Martin Bachmann
- Klinik für Atemwegs-, Lungen- und Thoraxmedizin, Beatmungszentrum Hamburg-Harburg, Asklepios Klinikum Harburg, Hamburg
| | - Stephan Braune
- IV. Medizinische Klinik: Akut-, Notfall- und Intensivmedizin, St. Franziskus-Hospital, Münster
| | - Sandra Delis
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Palliativmedizin und Geriatrie, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring GmbH, Berlin
| | - Dominic Dellweg
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Pneumologie und Gastroenterologie, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Universitätsmedizin Oldenburg
| | - Michael Dreher
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen
| | - Rolf Dubb
- Akademie der Kreiskliniken Reutlingen GmbH, Reutlingen
| | - Hans Fuchs
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Neonatologie und pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg
| | | | - Hans Heppner
- Klinik für Geriatrie und Geriatrische Tagesklinik Klinikum Bayreuth, Medizincampus Oberfranken Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bayreuth
| | - Stefan Kluge
- Klinik für Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Matthias Kochanek
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Köln, Köln
| | - Philipp M Lepper
- Klinik für Innere Medizin V - Pneumologie, Allergologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - F Joachim Meyer
- Lungenzentrum München - Bogenhausen-Harlaching) München Klinik gGmbH, München
| | - Bernhard Neumann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Donauisar Klinikum Deggendorf, und Klinik für Neurologie der Universitätsklinik Regensburg am BKH Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Christian Putensen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn
| | - Dorit Schimandl
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Beatmungszentrum, Zentralklinik Bad Berka GmbH, Bad Berka
| | - Bernd Schönhofer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Pneumologie und Intensivmedizin, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Universitätsklinikum Ost Westphalen-Lippe, Bielefeld
| | | | - Stephan Walterspacher
- Medizinische Klinik - Sektion Pneumologie, Klinikum Konstanz und Lehrstuhl für Pneumologie, Universität Witten-Herdecke, Witten
| | - Wolfram Windisch
- Lungenklinik, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Lehrstuhl für Pneumologie Universität Witten/Herdecke, Köln
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Chen S, Liao SF, Lin YJ, Huang CY, Ho SC, Chang JH. Outcomes of different pulmonary rehabilitation protocols in patients under mechanical ventilation with difficult weaning: a retrospective cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:243. [PMID: 38879514 PMCID: PMC11180404 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endeavor of liberating patients from ventilator dependence within respiratory care centers (RCCs) poses considerable challenges. Multiple factors contribute to this process, yet establishing an effective regimen for pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) remains uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate existing rehabilitation protocols, ascertain associations between clinical factors and patient outcomes, and explore the influence of these protocols on the outcomes of the patients to shape suitable rehabilitation programs. METHODS Conducted at a medical center in northern Taiwan, the retrospective study examined 320 newly admitted RCC patients between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017. Each patient received a tailored PR protocol, following which researchers evaluated weaning rates, RCC survival, and 3-month survival as outcome variables. Analyses scrutinized differences in baseline characteristics and prognoses among three PR protocols: protocol 1 (routine care), protocol 2 (routine care plus breathing training), and protocol 3 (routine care plus breathing and limb muscle training). RESULTS Among the patients, 28.75% followed protocol 1, 59.37% protocol 2, and 11.88% protocol 3. Variances in age, body-mass index, pneumonia diagnosis, do-not-resuscitate orders, Glasgow Coma Scale scores (≤ 14), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE) scores were notable across these protocols. Age, APACHE scores, and abnormal blood urea nitrogen levels (> 20 mg/dL) significantly correlated with outcomes-such as weaning, RCC survival, and 3-month survival. Elevated mean hemoglobin levels linked to increased weaning rates (p = 0.0065) and 3-month survival (p = 0.0102). Four adjusted models clarified the impact of rehabilitation protocols. Notably, the PR protocol 3 group exhibited significantly higher 3-month survival rates compared to protocol 1, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 3.87 to 3.97 across models. This association persisted when comparing with protocol 2, with ORs between 3.92 and 4.22. CONCLUSION Our study showed that distinct PR protocols significantly affected the outcomes of ventilator-dependent patients within RCCs. The study underlines the importance of tailored rehabilitation programs and identifies key clinical factors influencing patient outcomes. Recommendations advocate prospective studies with larger cohorts to comprehensively assess PR effects on RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiauyee Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jou Lin
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ying Huang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Ho
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Dolinay T, Hsu L, Maller A, Walsh BC, Szűcs A, Jerng JS, Jun D. Ventilator Weaning in Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1909. [PMID: 38610674 PMCID: PMC11012923 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) beyond 21 days, usually referred to as prolonged MV, represent a unique group with significant medical needs and a generally poor prognosis. Research suggests that approximately 10% of all MV patients will need prolonged ventilatory care, and that number will continue to rise. Although we have extensive knowledge of MV in the acute care setting, less is known about care in the post-ICU setting. More than 50% of patients who were deemed unweanable in the ICU will be liberated from MV in the post-acute setting. Prolonged MV also presents a challenge in care for medically complex, elderly, socioeconomically disadvantaged and marginalized individuals, usually at the end of their life. Patients and their families often rely on ventilator weaning facilities and skilled nursing homes for the continuation of care, but home ventilation is becoming more common. The focus of this review is to discuss recent advances in the weaning strategies in prolonged MV, present their outcomes and provide insight into the complexity of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Dolinay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.H.); (A.M.); (B.C.W.); (D.J.)
- Barlow Respiratory Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90026, USA
| | - Lillian Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.H.); (A.M.); (B.C.W.); (D.J.)
- Barlow Respiratory Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90026, USA
| | - Abigail Maller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.H.); (A.M.); (B.C.W.); (D.J.)
- Barlow Respiratory Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90026, USA
| | - Brandon Corbett Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.H.); (A.M.); (B.C.W.); (D.J.)
- Barlow Respiratory Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90026, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Attila Szűcs
- Department of Anesthesiology, András Jósa County Hospital, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary;
| | - Jih-Shuin Jerng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Dale Jun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (L.H.); (A.M.); (B.C.W.); (D.J.)
- Barlow Respiratory Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90026, USA
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, West Los Angeles VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
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Huang C. The Age of Older Patients Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Is Not the Sole Determinant of Their Long-Term Survival. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:211. [PMID: 38399499 PMCID: PMC10890100 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: There are few data on the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on elderly patients. Our objective is to investigate the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation on older patients' successful weaning and long-term survival. Methods: We examined how aging affected the course and results of elderly patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation by contrasting five age groups. Age, sex, cause of acute respiratory failure, comorbidities, discharge status, weaning status, and long-term survival outcomes were among the information we gathered. Results: Patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation who had undergone tracheostomy and had been successfully weaned had a greater one-year survival rate. The 1-year survival rate was poorer for older patients with four or more comorbidities. Regarding the 5-year survival rate, the risk of death was 45% lower in the successfully weaned patients than in the unsuccessfully weaned patients. The risk of death was 46% lower in patients undergoing tracheostomy than in those not undergoing tracheostomy. Older prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) patients with four or more comorbidities had an increased risk of death. Conclusions: When it comes to elderly patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation, there are other factors in addition to age that influence long-term survival. Long-term survival is likewise linked to successful weaning and undergoing tracheostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienhsiu Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
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Oh J, Lim H, Jeong CW, Kim MS, Lee J, Kang WS, An UR, Park JU, Ahn Y, Kim YR, Park C. Clinical implication of thoracic skeletal muscle volume as a predictor of ventilation-weaning failure in brain-injured patients: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35847. [PMID: 37904365 PMCID: PMC10615541 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass that is primarily evident in the respiratory musculature, is associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. However, the relationship between sarcopenia and ventilation-weaning outcomes has not yet been fully studied in patients with brain injuries. In this study, we examined the effect of reduced respiratory muscle mass on ventilation weaning in patients with brain injury. This observational study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 73 patients with brain injury between January 2017 and December 2019. Thoracic skeletal muscle volumes were measured from thoracic CT images using the institute's three-dimensional modeling software program of our institute. The thoracic skeletal muscle volumes index (TSMVI) was normalized by dividing muscle volume by the square of patient height. Sarcopenia was defined as a TSMVI of less than the 50th sex-specific percentile. Among 73 patients with brain injury, 12 (16.5%) failed to wean from mechanical ventilation. The patients in the weaning-failure group had significantly higher sequential organ failure assessment scores [7.8 ± 2.7 vs 6.1 ± 2.2, P = .022] and lower thoracic skeletal muscle volume indexes [652.5 ± 252.4 vs 1000.4 ± 347.3, P = .002] compared with those in the weaning-success group. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenia was significantly associated with an increased risk of weaning failure (odds ratio 12.72, 95% confidence interval 2.87-70.48, P = .001). Our study showed a significant association between the TSMVI and ventilation weaning outcomes in patients with brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Oh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Chang Won Jeong
- Smart Health IT Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Min Su Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, College of Medicine, Cheonan-si, South Korea
| | - Jinseok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Wu Seong Kang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju-si, South Korea
| | - Ui Ri An
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Joo Un Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Youngick Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youe Ree Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan-si, South Korea
| | - Chul Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan-si, South Korea
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Michels JD, Meis J, Sturm N, Bornitz F, von Schumann S, Weis A, Neetz B, Bentner M, Forstner J, Litke N, Wensing M, Erdmann S, Grobe T, Frerk T, Kempa A, Neurohr C, Schneider A, Müller M, Herth FJF, Szecsenyi J, Trudzinski FC. Prevention of invasive ventilation (PRiVENT)-a prospective, mixed-methods interventional, multicentre study with a parallel comparison group: study protocol. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:305. [PMID: 36998047 PMCID: PMC10061400 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is a standard therapy for intensive care patients with respiratory failure. With increasing population age and multimorbidity, the number of patients who cannot be weaned from IMV increases, resulting in impaired quality of life and high costs. In addition, human resources are tied up in the care of these patients. METHODS The PRiVENT intervention is a prospective, mixed-methods interventional, multicentre study with a parallel comparison group selected from insurance claims data of the health insurer Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Baden-Württemberg (AOK-BW) conducted in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, over 24 months. Four weaning centres supervise 40 intensive care units (ICUs), that are responsible for patient recruitment. The primary outcome, successful weaning from IMV, will be evaluated using a mixed logistic regression model. Secondary outcomes will be evaluated using mixed regression models. DISCUSSION The overall objective of the PRiVENT project is the evaluation of strategies to prevent long-term IMV. Additional objectives aim to improve weaning expertise in and cooperation with the adjacent Intensive Care Units. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05260853).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Michels
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik University of Heidelberg, Röntgenstrasse 1, Heidelberg, D-69126, Germany.
| | - Jan Meis
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Noemi Sturm
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Bornitz
- Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Pneumology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Selina von Schumann
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aline Weis
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Neetz
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Bentner
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Forstner
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicola Litke
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michel Wensing
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stella Erdmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Grobe
- aQua Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timm Frerk
- aQua Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Kempa
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, SLK-Klinik Löwenstein, Löwenstein, Germany
| | - Claus Neurohr
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus Klinik Schillerhöhe, Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Armin Schneider
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Waldburg-Zeil Kliniken, Wangen Im Allgäu, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Szecsenyi
- Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- aQua Institute for Applied Quality Improvement and Research in Health Care, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska C Trudzinski
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care, Heidelberg, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Thoraxklinik Heidelberg gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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The Survival Outcomes of Patients Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030614. [PMID: 36984615 PMCID: PMC10057588 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation typically experience poor long-term survival outcomes. However, there have been few studies conducted to investigate the five-year survival rate of these patients. This study aims to determine the factors that affect the five-year survival rate of patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation, with the goal of improving their survival outcomes. Materials and Methods: The current retrospective, single-center study included all patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation over a period of six years. We collected data on their age, sex, causes of acute respiratory failure leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, receipt of a tracheostomy or not, weaning status, discharge conditions, and long-term outcomes. Results: The study examined the long-term outcomes of 403 patients who required prolonged mechanical ventilation until December 2018. Of the study population, 157 patients were successfully weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation and discharged, 186 patients passed away in the hospital, and 60 patients remained ventilator-dependent. For all 403 patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation, the one-year and five-year survival rates were 24.3% and 14.6%, respectively. Among the 243 patients who were successfully weaned from prolonged mechanical ventilation, the corresponding rates were 32.6% and 21.0%. For the 157 discharged prolonged mechanical ventilation patients, the one-year and five-year survival rates were 50.3% and 32.6%, respectively. For the 60 ventilator-dependent patients, the one-year and five-year survival rates were 31.7% and 13.2%, respectively. The study revealed that successfully weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation and the receipt of a tracheostomy were influential factors in the five-year survival rate of patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Conclusions: Patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation may experience poor survival outcomes. Nevertheless, two key factors that can improve their long-term survival are successfully weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation and receipt of a tracheostomy.
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8
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Shojaei S, Ebrahimi A, Miri MM, Kouchek M, Salarian S, Sistanizad M, Arabzadeh B, Hajizadeh N, Ansar P. Effect of Oral Caffeine on Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation in Intubated ICU Patients. TANAFFOS 2023; 22:230-235. [PMID: 38628882 PMCID: PMC11016928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Background The role of caffeine as a brain stimulant in improving the respiratory characteristics of patients under mechanical ventilation is unclear. This study aimed at determining the effect of oral caffeine in helping to release (Liberation) from the ventilator in intubated patients under mechanical ventilation admitted to the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods General ICU patients with more than 48 hours of dependency on a ventilator were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received 200mg caffeine tablets twice a day through a gastric tube, while the control group received a placebo of the same amount. Every day, patients were assessed for the likelihood of being disconnected from the device. If their clinical condition was deemed suitable, the device mode was switched to spontaneous, and their Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (RSBI) was calculated. Based on this information, a decision was made regarding whether to proceed with weaning. Results Caffeine use in ICU patients significantly reduced the airway resistance index of patients (P <0.05). However, although this drug reduced the length of hospital stay in the ICU and the duration of intubation of patients, these changes were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion Caffeine may improve respiratory status and reduce the duration of intubation and hospitalization in the ICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedpouzhia Shojaei
- Department of Anesthesiology And Critical Care, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ebrahimi
- Department of Anesthesiology And Critical Care, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Mohammad Miri
- Department of Anesthesiology And Critical Care, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Kouchek
- Department of Anesthesiology And Critical Care, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Salarian
- Department of Anesthesiology And Critical Care, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sistanizad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Arabzadeh
- Department of Anesthesiology And Critical Care, Critical Care Quality Improvement Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Hajizadeh
- Preventative Gynecology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Padideh Ansar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Huang C. Five years follow up of patient receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation: Data for a single center in Taiwan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1038915. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1038915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care recommended tracking 1-year survival rates (the most relevant outcome) in patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. However, patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation had higher mortality rates within the first 2 years after weaning. More knowledge regarding long-term mortality would help patients, families, and clinicians choose appropriate interventions and make end-of-life decisions. In this investigation, we attempted to determine the rates of long-term mortality for all patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation over a period of 10 years.ObjectiveThe purpose of this investigation was to enhance the overall survival outcomes for patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation by identifying the factors affecting the 5-year mortality rates for these patients.DesignRetrospective observational study.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study, we explored the influential factors related to the overall survival outcomes of all patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation. We enrolled every individual admitted to the weaning unit between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2016. The length of survival for each patient was estimated from admission to the weaning unit until death or December 31, 2021, whichever came first. We analyzed the data to investigate the survival time, mortality rates, and survival curves in these patients.ResultsLong-term follow-up information was gathered for 296 patients who received prolonged mechanical ventilation. There was better mean survival times in patients treated with prolonged mechanical ventilation with the following characteristics (in order): no comorbidities, tracheostomies, and intracranial hemorrhage. Successful weaning, receipt of tracheostomy, an age less than 75 years, and no comorbidities were associated with better long-term overall survival outcomes.ConclusionProlonged mechanical ventilation patients had abysmal overall survival outcomes. Even though prolonged mechanical ventilation patients’ long-term survival outcomes are tragic, medical professionals should never give up on the dream of enhancing long-term outcomes.
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Costi S, Brogneri A, Bagni C, Pennacchi G, Beneventi C, Tabbì L, Dell’Orso D, Fantini R, Tonelli R, Beghi GM, Clini E. Rehabilitation of Difficult-to-Wean, Tracheostomized Patients Admitted to Specialized Unit: Retrospective Analyses over 10-Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052982. [PMID: 35270675 PMCID: PMC8910258 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rehabilitation outcomes of difficult-to-wean tracheostomized patients have been reported in relatively small case studies and described for a limited time span. This study describes the characteristics and clinical outcomes of a large cohort of tracheostomized patients admitted to a specialized weaning unit over 10 years. We retrospectively analyzed data collected from January 2010 to December 2019 on difficult-to-wean tracheostomized patients who underwent comprehensive rehabilitation. Clinical characteristics collected at admission were the level of comorbidity (by the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale—CIRS) and the clinical severity (by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score—SAPS II). The proportions of patients weaned, decannulated, and able to walk; the change in autonomy level according to the Bristol Activities of Daily Living (BADL) Scale; and the setting of hospital discharge was assessed and compared in a consecutive 5-year time period (2010−2014 and 2015−2019) subgroup analysis. A total of 180 patients were included in the analysis. Patient anthropometry and preadmission clinical management in acute care hospitals were similar across years, but the categories of underlying diagnosis changed (p < 0.001) (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—COPD—decreased), while the level of comorbidities increased (p = 0.003). The decannulation rate was 45.6%. CIRS and SAPS II at admission were both significant predictors of clinical outcomes. The proportion of patients whose gain in BADL score increased ≥ 2 points decreased over time. This study confirms the importance of rehabilitation in weaning units for the severely disabled subset of tracheostomized patients. Comorbidities and severity at admission are significantly associated with rehabilitation outcomes at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Costi
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine CHIMOMO, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonio Brogneri
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of Ospedale Villa Pineta-KOS Group, 41026 Pavullo nel Frignano (MO), Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Chiara Bagni
- School of Physiotherapy, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine CHIMOMO, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Pennacchi
- School of Physiotherapy, Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine CHIMOMO, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Claudio Beneventi
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of Ospedale Villa Pineta-KOS Group, 41026 Pavullo nel Frignano (MO), Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Luca Tabbì
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.T.); (R.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Daniela Dell’Orso
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of Ospedale Villa Pineta-KOS Group, 41026 Pavullo nel Frignano (MO), Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.T.); (R.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.T.); (R.F.); (R.T.)
| | - Gianfranco Maria Beghi
- Respiratory Rehabilitation of Ospedale Villa Pineta-KOS Group, 41026 Pavullo nel Frignano (MO), Italy; (A.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences SMECHIMAI, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy; (L.T.); (R.F.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-422-5922; Fax: +39-059-422-4429
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11
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Lai HH, Tseng PY, Wang CY, Wang JY. Long-Term Survival and Medical Costs of Patients with Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation and Tracheostomy: A Nationwide Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910272. [PMID: 34639575 PMCID: PMC8507749 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Few large-scale studies have focused on tracheostomy in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. This retrospective population-based study extracted data from the longitudinal National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan to compare long-term mortality between patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation with and without tracheostomy and their related medical expenditures. Data on newly developed respiratory failure in patients on ventilator support were extracted from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2008. Of 10,705 patients included, 1372 underwent tracheostomy (n = 563) or translaryngeal intubation (n = 779). Overall survival of the patients with tracheostomy was followed for 5 years. Average survival was 4.98 years for the patients with tracheostomy and 5.48 years for the patients with translaryngeal intubation (not significant). Sex, age, premium-based monthly salary difference, occupation, urbanization level, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, chronic renal disease, and cerebrovascular diseases were significantly associated with mortality for endotracheal intubation. Male sex, chronic heart failure, chronic renal disease, age ≥45 years, and low income were associated with significantly higher mortality. Although total medical expenditures were higher for the patients with tracheostomy, annual medical expenditures were not significantly different. There were no differences in long-term mortality between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Nursing, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404332, Taiwan;
| | - Pei-Ying Tseng
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical, Lee’s General Hospital, Yuanli Town, Miaoli 358011, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407752, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433304, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Yi Wang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2296-7979 (ext. 6313)
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12
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Huang C. The Long-Term Survival of Successfully Weaned Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3981-3988. [PMID: 34349547 PMCID: PMC8326220 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s287529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are rare articles in the literature that addressed long-term survival in successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients. How are the long-term outcomes of these successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients? Our objective is to explore this issue in depth in this study and serve as the basis for us to provide suggestions for patients in long-term care of the successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients. Methods We investigated the clinical variables, long-term survival, cause of death, receipt or not of tracheostomy and analyzed the factors association with survival in successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients. Results We can further gather long-term follow-up data on successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients, 243 patients. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates of successfully weaned PMV patients were 32.5%, 28.0%, 24.9%, 23.9%, and 21.3%, respectively. The factors between successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients who died in the ward and those who were discharged from the hospital revealed the poorer survival of patients who died in the ward was due to a higher percentage of end-stage renal disease comorbidity, a higher percentage of ≥4 comorbidities and a lower percentage of undergoing tracheostomy. The factors between successfully weaned discharged prolonged mechanical ventilation patients who survived <1 year and those who survived ≥1 year revealed the poorer survival of patients who survived <1 year was due to older age, a higher percentage of ≥4 comorbidities, and a lower percentage of undergoing tracheostomy. Conclusion The receipt or not of tracheostomy is the key influential factor of long-term survival of successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients. Tracheostomy should be attempted in suitable patients for improving long-term outcomes in successfully weaned prolonged mechanical ventilation patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienhsiu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Dalin, Chiayi County, Taiwan
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13
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Huang HY, Lee CS, Chiu TH, Chen HH, Chan LY, Chang CJ, Chang SC, Hu HC, Kao KC, Chen NH, Lin SM, Li LF. Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with acute stroke and brain trauma. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:162-169. [PMID: 33750622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Neurological dysfunction is a common condition necessitating prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). We investigated the clinical features and outcomes of patients with acute neurological diseases requiring PMV. METHODS This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Respiratory Care Center (RCC) of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, between January 2011 and January 2014. The main outcome was weaning success, defined as successful withdrawal from mechanical ventilator support for more than 5 days. RESULTS The study included 103 patients with acute stroke and brain trauma receiving PMV. Weaning success was reported in 63 (61%) patients and weaning failure was reported in 40 (39%) patients. Patients in the weaning failure group were older and had a lower RCC Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (6.0 vs 7.9, p = 0.005), lower albumin level (2.8 vs 3.1, p = 0.015), longer RCC stay (28.7 vs 21.3 days, p = 0.017), and higher in-hospital mortality rate (47% vs 9%, p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that reduced RCC GCS score is an independent prognostic factor for weaning failure (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-1.46, p = 0.016) and that per unit increase of RCC GCS score is associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70-0.96, p = 0.019). CONCLUSION Reduced RCC GCS score is an independent prognostic factor for weaning failure, and is associated with increased in-hospital mortality rates in patients with acute stroke and brain trauma requiring PMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Paul's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shu Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chiu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang Hsuan Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yi Chan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Jen Chang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Services Center for Health Information, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chang
- Research Services Center for Health Information, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Hu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Kao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Hung Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fu Li
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
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14
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Sison SM, Sivakumar GK, Caufield-Noll C, Greenough WB, Oh ES, Galiatsatos P. Mortality outcomes of patients on chronic mechanical ventilation in different care settings: A systematic review. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06230. [PMID: 33615014 PMCID: PMC7880845 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the outcomes of chronically ventilated patients outside the setting of intensive care units. Design Systematic review. Setting and participants Studies evaluating patients on chronic invasive mechanical ventilation in different care settings. Methods A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (EBSCOhost), LILACS and Scopus databases from inception to March 27, 2020. Studies reporting mortality outcomes of patients ≥18 years of age on chronic invasive mechanical ventilation in intensive care units and other care settings were eligible for inclusion. Results Sixty studies were included in the systematic review. Mortality rates ranged from 13.7% to 77.8% in ICUs (n = 17 studies), 7.8%-51.0% in non-ICUs including step-down units and inpatient wards (n = 26 studies), and 12.0%-91.8% in home or nursing home settings (n = 19 studies). Age was associated with mortality in all care settings. Weaning rates ranged from 10.0% to 78.2% across non-ICU studies. Studies reporting weaning as their primary outcome demonstrated higher success rates in weaning. Home care studies reported low incidences of ventilator failure. None of the studies reported ventilator malfunction as the primary cause of death. Conclusions and implications Mortality outcomes across various settings were disparate due to methodological and clinical heterogeneity among studies. However, there is evidence to suggest non-ICU venues of care as a comparable alternative to ICUs for stable, chronically ventilated patients, with the additional benefit of providing specialized weaning programs. By synthesizing the global data on managing chronically ventilated patients in various care settings, this study provides health care systems and providers alternative venue options for the delivery of prolonged ventilatory care in the context of limited ICU resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Sison
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Gayathri K Sivakumar
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - William B Greenough
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Esther S Oh
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Panagis Galiatsatos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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15
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Schönhofer B, Geiseler J, Dellweg D, Fuchs H, Moerer O, Weber-Carstens S, Westhoff M, Windisch W. Prolonged Weaning: S2k Guideline Published by the German Respiratory Society. Respiration 2020; 99:1-102. [PMID: 33302267 DOI: 10.1159/000510085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is an essential part of modern intensive care medicine. MV is performed in patients with severe respiratory failure caused by respiratory muscle insufficiency and/or lung parenchymal disease; that is, when other treatments such as medication, oxygen administration, secretion management, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), or nasal high-flow therapy have failed. MV is required for maintaining gas exchange and allows more time to curatively treat the underlying cause of respiratory failure. In the majority of ventilated patients, liberation or "weaning" from MV is routine, without the occurrence of any major problems. However, approximately 20% of patients require ongoing MV, despite amelioration of the conditions that precipitated the need for it in the first place. Approximately 40-50% of the time spent on MV is required to liberate the patient from the ventilator, a process called "weaning". In addition to acute respiratory failure, numerous factors can influence the duration and success rate of the weaning process; these include age, comorbidities, and conditions and complications acquired during the ICU stay. According to international consensus, "prolonged weaning" is defined as the weaning process in patients who have failed at least 3 weaning attempts, or require more than 7 days of weaning after the first spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Given that prolonged weaning is a complex process, an interdisciplinary approach is essential for it to be successful. In specialised weaning centres, approximately 50% of patients with initial weaning failure can be liberated from MV after prolonged weaning. However, the heterogeneity of patients undergoing prolonged weaning precludes the direct comparison of individual centres. Patients with persistent weaning failure either die during the weaning process, or are discharged back to their home or to a long-term care facility with ongoing MV. Urged by the growing importance of prolonged weaning, this Sk2 Guideline was first published in 2014 as an initiative of the German Respiratory Society (DGP), in conjunction with other scientific societies involved in prolonged weaning. The emergence of new research, clinical study findings and registry data, as well as the accumulation of experience in daily practice, have made the revision of this guideline necessary. The following topics are dealt with in the present guideline: Definitions, epidemiology, weaning categories, underlying pathophysiology, prevention of prolonged weaning, treatment strategies in prolonged weaning, the weaning unit, discharge from hospital on MV, and recommendations for end-of-life decisions. Special emphasis was placed on the following themes: (1) A new classification of patient sub-groups in prolonged weaning. (2) Important aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation and neurorehabilitation in prolonged weaning. (3) Infrastructure and process organisation in the care of patients in prolonged weaning based on a continuous treatment concept. (4) Changes in therapeutic goals and communication with relatives. Aspects of paediatric weaning are addressed separately within individual chapters. The main aim of the revised guideline was to summarize both current evidence and expert-based knowledge on the topic of "prolonged weaning", and to use this information as a foundation for formulating recommendations related to "prolonged weaning", not only in acute medicine but also in the field of chronic intensive care medicine. The following professionals served as important addressees for this guideline: intensivists, pulmonary medicine specialists, anaesthesiologists, internists, cardiologists, surgeons, neurologists, paediatricians, geriatricians, palliative care clinicians, rehabilitation physicians, intensive/chronic care nurses, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists, speech therapists, medical service of health insurance, and associated ventilator manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schönhofer
- Klinikum Agnes Karll Krankenhaus, Klinikum Region Hannover, Laatzen, Germany,
| | - Jens Geiseler
- Klinikum Vest, Medizinische Klinik IV: Pneumologie, Beatmungs- und Schlafmedizin, Marl, Germany
| | - Dominic Dellweg
- Fachkrankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft GmbH, Abteilung Pneumologie II, Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Hans Fuchs
- Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Onnen Moerer
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Weber-Carstens
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Westhoff
- Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer, Germany
- Universität Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Wolfram Windisch
- Lungenklinik, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
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16
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Khan I, Maredza M, Dritsaki M, Mistry D, Lall R, Lamb SE, Couper K, Gates S, Perkins GD, Petrou S. Is Protocolised Weaning that Includes Early Extubation Onto Non-Invasive Ventilation More Cost Effective Than Protocolised Weaning Without Non-Invasive Ventilation? Findings from the Breathe Study. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2020; 4:697-710. [PMID: 32240532 PMCID: PMC7223248 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-020-00210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimising techniques to wean patients from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains a key goal of intensive care practice. The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) as a weaning strategy (transitioning patients who are difficult to wean to early NIV) may reduce mortality, ventilator-associated pneumonia and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine the cost effectiveness of protocolised weaning, including early extubation onto NIV, compared with weaning without NIV in a UK National Health Service setting. METHODS We conducted an economic evaluation alongside a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Patients were randomised to either protocol-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation or ongoing IMV with daily spontaneous breathing trials. The primary efficacy outcome was time to liberation from ventilation. Bivariate regression of costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) provided estimates of the incremental cost per QALY and incremental net monetary benefit (INMB) overall and for subgroups [presence/absence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and operative status]. Long-term cost effectiveness was determined through extrapolation of survival curves using flexible parametric modelling. RESULTS NIV was associated with a mean INMB of £620 ($US885) (cost-effectiveness threshold of £20,000 per QALY) with a corresponding probability of 58% that NIV is cost effective. The probability that NIV is cost effective was higher for those with COPD (84%). NIV was cost effective over 5 years, with an estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £4618 ($US6594 per QALY gained). CONCLUSIONS The probability of NIV being cost effective relative to weaning without NIV ranged between 57 and 59% overall and between 82 and 87% for the COPD subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Khan
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Mandy Maredza
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Melina Dritsaki
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Dipesh Mistry
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Ranjit Lall
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Sarah E. Lamb
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Keith Couper
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Simon Gates
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Gavin D. Perkins
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - Stavros Petrou
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG UK
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Warnke C, Heine A, Müller-Heinrich A, Knaak C, Friesecke S, Obst A, Bollmann T, Desole S, Boesche M, Stubbe B, Ewert R. Predictors of survival after prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation. J Crit Care 2020; 60:212-217. [PMID: 32871419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Weaning from mechanical ventilation is a key component of intensive care treatment; however, this process may be prolonged as some patients require care at specialised centres. Current data indicate that weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation is successful in approximately 65% of patients; however, data on long-term survival after discharge from a weaning centre are limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed predictors of survival among 597 patients (392 men, mean age 68 ± 11) post-discharge from a specialised German weaning centre. RESULTS Complete weaning from mechanical ventilation was achieved in 407 (57.8%) patients, and 106 patients (15.1%) were discharged with non-invasive ventilation; thus, prolonged weaning was successful in 72.9% of the patients. The one-year and five-year survival rates post-discharge were 66.5% and 37.1%, respectively. Age, duration of mechanical ventilation, certain clusters of comorbidities, and discharged with mechanical ventilation significantly influenced survival (p < .001). Completely weaned patients who were discharged with a tracheostomy had a significantly reduced survival rate than did those who were completely weaned and discharged with a closed tracheostomy (p = .004). CONCLUSIONS The identified predictors of survival after prolonged weaning could support therapeutic strategies during patients' intensive care unit stay. Patients should be closely monitored after discharge from a weaning centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Warnke
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Heine
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annegret Müller-Heinrich
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Knaak
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sigrun Friesecke
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anne Obst
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tom Bollmann
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Susanna Desole
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Boesche
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Beate Stubbe
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Ralf Ewert
- University Hospital Greifswald, Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, F.-Sauerbruchstr, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
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Bornitz F, Ewert R, Knaak C, Magnet FS, Windisch W, Herth F. Weaning from Invasive Ventilation in Specialist Centers Following Primary Weaning Failure. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 117:205-210. [PMID: 32343654 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2020.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever more patients are being treated with invasive ventilation in the outpatient setting. Most have no access to a structured weaning process in a specialized weaning center. The personal burden on the patients is heavy, and the costs for the health care system are high. METHODS 61 patients who had been considered unfit for weaning were admitted to a weaning center. The primary endpoint was the number of patients who had been successfully weaned from the ventilator at six months. The comparison group consisted of health-insurance datasets derived from patients who were discharged from an acute hospital stay to receive invasive ventilation in the outpatient setting. RESULTS 50 patients (82%; 95% confidence interval [70.5; 89.6]) were successfully weaned off of invasive ventilation in the weaning centers, 21 of them (34% [23.8; 47]) with the aid of non-invasive ventilation. The survival rate at 1 year was higher than in the group without invasive ventilation (45/50, or 90%, versus 6/11,or 55%); non-invasive ventilation was comparable in this respect to no ventilation at all. The identified risk factors for weaning failure included the presence of more than five comorbidities and a longer duration of invasive ventilation before transfer to a weaning center. CONCLUSION If patients with prolonged weaning are cared for in a certified weaning center before being discharged to receive invasive ventilation in the outpatient setting, the number of persons being invasively ventilated outside the hospital will be reduced and the affected persons will enjoy a higher survival rate. This would also spare nursing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Bornitz
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, German Center for Lung Research; Department of Pneumology, University of Witten/Herdecke, Kliniken der Stadt Köln gGmbH; Clinic for Internal Medicine B, Department of Pneumology/Infectiology, Greifswald University Hospital
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El-Gazzar AG, El-Salahy MM, Essway TS, Mohammed SN, Elnaggar ME. Effect of acute kidney injury on weaning from mechanical ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients with respiratory failure. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2020. [PMCID: PMC7371816 DOI: 10.1186/s43168-020-00013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) worsens the outcome in mechanically ventilated patients. The occurrence of AKI may have an effect on weaning from mechanical ventilation (MV). The purpose of this work is to study the effect of AKI on weaning from MV for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with respiratory failure (RF). The study included 100 mechanically ventilated COPD patients with RF. Patients were classified into group 1, mechanically ventilated COPD patients with type 2 RF who developed AKI, and group 2, mechanically ventilated COPD patients with type 2 RF, who did not develop AKI. Results The age of the studied group ranged between 46 and 80 years, and serum creatinine on admission was within normal. There is a significant difference in a serum creatinine level after 2 days and after 1 week of MV in an intensive care unit (ICU) among AKI cases. There is a significant difference in weaning success between AKI and non-AKI patients with much higher weaning success in non-AKI group. Also, there is a significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in AKI patients after 48 h of admission. Conclusions AKI is frequent in COPD patients within 48 h of ICU admission and MV increases the risk of AKI in COPD patients.
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Huang C. How prolonged mechanical ventilation is a neglected disease in chest medicine: a study of prolonged mechanical ventilation based on 6 years of experience in Taiwan. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 13:1753466619878552. [PMID: 31566093 PMCID: PMC6769206 DOI: 10.1177/1753466619878552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An increasing number of patients require prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) to survive recovery from critical care. It should be emphasized that PMV is a neglected disease in chest medicine. We investigated 6 years of clinical outcomes and long-term survival rates of patients who required PMV. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively data from patients in respiratory care center (RCC) to investigate the main causes of respiratory failure leading patients to require PMV. We also studied the factors that influence the ventilator weaned rate, factors that influence the long-term ventilator dependence of patients who require PMV, as well as patients’ hospital mortality and long-term survival rates. Results: A total of 574 patients were admitted to RCC during the 6 years. Of these, 428 patients (74.6%) were older than 65 years. A total of 391 patients (68.1%) were successfully weaned from the ventilator while 83 patients (14.4%) were unsuccessfully weaned. A total of 95 patients (16.6%) died during RCC hospitalization. The most common cause of acute respiratory failure leading to patients requiring PMV was pneumonia. The factor that affected whether patients were successfully weaned from the ventilator was the cause of the respiratory failure that lead patients to require PMV. Our hospital mortality rate was 32.4%; the 1-year survival rate was 24.3%. There was a strong correlation between higher patient age and higher hospital mortality rate and poor 1-year survival rate. Patients with no comorbidity demonstrated good 1-year survival rates. Patients with four comorbidities and patients with end-stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis comorbidity showed poor 1-year survival rates. Conclusions: The factor that affected whether patients were successfully weaned from the ventilator was the cause of the respiratory failure that lead patients to require PMV. Older patients, patients with renal failure requiring hemodialysis, and those with numerous comorbidities demonstrated poor long-term survival. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chienhsiu Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Chest Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, NO. 2, Min-Sheng Road, Dalin Town, Chiayi County, 62247, Taiwan
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Ghiani A, Paderewska J, Sainis A, Crispin A, Walcher S, Neurohr C. Variables predicting weaning outcome in prolonged mechanically ventilated tracheotomized patients: a retrospective study. J Intensive Care 2020; 8:19. [PMID: 32123565 PMCID: PMC7035768 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have assessed predictors of weaning and extubation outcome in short-term mechanically ventilated patients, but there are only few studies on predictors of weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Methods Retrospective, single-center, observational study at a specialized national weaning center in Germany. Patients’ medical records were reviewed to obtain data on demographics, comorbidities, respiratory indices, and the result of a prospectively documented, standardized spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) upon admission to the weaning center. Respiratory indices assessed were the ventilatory ratio (VR) and parameters derived from calculated mechanical power (MP). Predictors associated with failure of prolonged weaning and failure of the SBT were assessed using a binary logistic regression model. Results A total of 263 prolonged mechanically ventilated, tracheotomized patients, treated over a 5-year period were analyzed. After 3 weeks of mechanical ventilation, patients with unsuccessful weaning failed a SBT more frequently and showed significantly increased values for inspiratory positive airway pressure, driving pressure, VR, absolute MP, and MP normalized to predicted body weight and dynamic lung-thorax compliance (LTC-MP). In the logistic regression analyses, variables independently correlated with weaning failure were female gender (adjusted odds ratio 0.532 [95% CI 0.291–0.973]; p = 0.040), obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) (2.595 [1.210–5.562]; p = 0.014), COPD (3.209 [1.563–6.589]; p = 0.002), LTC-MP (3.470 [1.067–11.284]; p = 0.039), PaCO2 on mechanical ventilation (1.101 [95% CI 1.034–1.173]; p = 0.003), and failure of the SBT (4.702 [2.250–9.825]; p < 0.001). In addition, female gender (0.401 [0.216–0.745]; p = 0.004), LTC-MP (3.017 [1.027–8.862]; p = 0.046), and PaCO2 on mechanical ventilation (1.157 [1.083–1.235]; p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for an unsuccessful SBT. Conclusions In the present study, the derived predictors of weaning point to a crucial role of the workload imposed on respiratory muscles during spontaneous breathing. Mechanical power normalized to lung-thorax compliance was independently correlated with weaning outcome and may identify patients at high risk for weaning failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ghiani
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH), Solitudestr. 18, 70839 Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Paderewska
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH), Solitudestr. 18, 70839 Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Alexandros Sainis
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH), Solitudestr. 18, 70839 Gerlingen, Germany.,Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Crispin
- 3IBE - Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Swenja Walcher
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH), Solitudestr. 18, 70839 Gerlingen, Germany
| | - Claus Neurohr
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH), Solitudestr. 18, 70839 Gerlingen, Germany
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Ghiani A, Sainis A, Sainis G, Neurohr C. Anemia and red blood cell transfusion practice in prolonged mechanically ventilated patients admitted to a specialized weaning center: an observational study. BMC Pulm Med 2019; 19:250. [PMID: 31852456 PMCID: PMC6921402 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-019-1009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of anemia and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on weaning from mechanical ventilation is not known. In theory, transfusions could facilitate liberation from the ventilator by improving oxygen transport capacity. In contrast, retrospective studies of critically ill patients showed a positive correlation of transfusions with prolonged mechanical ventilation, increased mortality rates, and increased risk of nosocomial infections, which in turn could adversely affect weaning outcome. Methods Retrospective, observational study on prolonged mechanically ventilated, tracheotomized patients (n = 378), admitted to a national weaning center over a 5 year period. Medical records were reviewed to obtain data on patients’ demographics, comorbidities, blood counts, transfusions, weaning outcome, and nosocomial infections, defined according to the criteria of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The impact of RBC transfusion on outcome measures was assessed using regression models. Results Ninety-eight percent of all patients showed anemia on admission to the weaning center. Transfused and non-transfused patients differed significantly regarding disease severity and comorbidities. In multivariate analyses, RBC transfusion, but not mean hemoglobin concentration in the course of weaning, was independently correlated with weaning duration (adjusted β 12.386, 95% CI 9.335–15.436; p < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (adjusted β 16.116, 95% CI 8.925–23.306; p < 0.001); there was also a trend toward increased hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.050, 95% CI 0.995–4.224; p = 0.052), but there was no independent correlation with weaning outcome or nosocomial infections. In contrast, hemoglobin level on the day of admission to the weaning center was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted OR 0.956, 95% CI 0.924–0.989; p = 0.010), appearing significantly elevated at values below 8.5 g/dl (AUC 0.670, 95% CI 0.593–0.747; p < 0.001). Conclusions A high percentage of prolonged mechanically ventilated patients showed anemia on admission to the weaning center. RBC transfusion was independently correlated with worse outcomes. Since transfused patients differed significantly regarding their clinical characteristics and comorbidities, RBC transfusion might be an indicator of disease severity rather than directly impacting patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ghiani
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH, Stuttgart), Solitudestr. 18, 70839, Gerlingen, Germany.
| | - Alexandros Sainis
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH, Stuttgart), Solitudestr. 18, 70839, Gerlingen, Germany.,, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Claus Neurohr
- Department of Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine, Schillerhoehe Lung Clinic (Robert Bosch Hospital GmbH, Stuttgart), Solitudestr. 18, 70839, Gerlingen, Germany.,, Munich, Germany
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Nagata I, Takei T, Hatakeyama J, Toh M, Yamada H, Fujisawa M. Clinical features and outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation: a single-center retrospective observational study. JA Clin Rep 2019; 5:73. [PMID: 32026077 PMCID: PMC6966730 DOI: 10.1186/s40981-019-0284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information on epidemiology of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) patients in the acute care setting in Japan is totally lacking. We aimed to investigate clinical features, impact, and long-term outcomes of PMV patients. Methods This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Adult patients who were admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) from April 2009 to March 2014 and required mechanical ventilation (MV) for ≥ 2 days were included. PMV was defined as having MV for ≥ 21 consecutive days. Results Among 1282 MV patients, 93 (7.3%) required PMV, and median duration of MV was 37.0 days. Compared with the non-PMV patients, PMV patients had longer total ICU and high care unit (HCU) stay (34.0 vs. 7.0 days, p < 0.001), longer hospital stay (74.0 vs. 35.0 days, p < 0.001), and higher hospital mortality (54.8 vs. 21.4%, p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, emergency ICU admission and steroid use during MV were associated with PMV. The Kaplan–Meier curves for MV withdrawal and ICU/HCU discharge were almost identical. Among PMV patients, 52 (55.9%) died, 29 (31.2%) were successfully liberated from MV during hospitalization, and 12 (12.9%) still required MV at discharge. Conclusion In this investigation, 7.3% of the patients with MV required PMV. Most PMV patients were liberated from MV during hospitalization, while occupying critical care beds for an extended period. A nationwide survey is required to further elucidate the overall picture of PMV patients and to discuss whether specialized weaning centers to treat PMV patients are required in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Nagata
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1, Shinyamashita, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-8682, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhiro Takei
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1, Shinyamashita, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-8682, Japan
| | - Junji Hatakeyama
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1, Shinyamashita, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-8682, Japan
| | - Masafumi Toh
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1, Shinyamashita, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-8682, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1, Shinyamashita, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-8682, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujisawa
- Intensive Care Unit, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1, Shinyamashita, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 231-8682, Japan
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Schmidt SB, Boltzmann M, Bertram M, Bucka C, Hartwich M, Jöbges M, Ketter G, Leineweber B, Mertl-Rötzer M, Nowak DA, Platz T, Scheidtmann K, Thomas R, Rosen FV, Wallesch CW, Woldag H, Peschel P, Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Rollnik JD. Factors influencing weaning from mechanical ventilation in neurological and neurosurgical early rehabilitation patients. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2019. [DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05100-6 epub 2018 jun 11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Duan J, Bai L, Zhou L, Han X, Jiang L, Huang S. Resource use, characteristics and outcomes of prolonged non-invasive ventilation: a single-centre observational study in China. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019271. [PMID: 30518577 PMCID: PMC6286472 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the resource use, characteristics and outcomes of patients with prolonged non-invasive ventilation (NIV). DESIGN A single-centre observational study. SETTING An intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients who only received NIV because of acute respiratory failure were enrolled. Prolonged NIV was defined as subjects who received NIV ≥14 days. A total of 1539 subjects were enrolled in this study; 69 (4.5%) underwent prolonged NIV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Predictors of prolonged NIV and hospital mortality. RESULTS The rate of do-not-intubate (DNI) orders was 9.1% (140/1539). At the beginning of NIV, a DNI order (OR 3.95, 95% CI 2.25 to 6.95) and pH ≥7.35 (2.20, 1.27 to 3.82) were independently associated with prolonged NIV. At days 1 and 7 of NIV, heart rate (1.01 (1.00 to 1.03) and 1.02 (1.00 to 1.03], respectively) and PaO2/FiO2<150 (2.19 (1.25 to 3.85) and 2.05 (1.04 to 4.04], respectively) were other independent risk factors for prolonged NIV. When patients who died after starting NIV but prior to 14 days were excluded, the association was strengthened. Regarding resource use, 77.1% of subjects received NIV<7 days and only accounted for 47.0% of NIV-days. However, 18.4% of subjects received NIV 7-13.9 days and accounted for 33.4% of NIV-days, 2.9% of subjects received NIV 14-20.9 days and accounted for 9.5% of NIV-days, and 1.6% of subjects received NIV≥21 days and accounted for 10.1% of NIV-days. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate the resource use, characteristics and outcomes of a prolonged NIV population with a relatively high proportion of DNI orders. Subjects with prolonged NIV make up a high proportion of NIV-days and are at high risk for in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Linfu Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lintong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shicong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Frengley JD, Sansone GR, Kaner RJ. Chronic Comorbid Illnesses Predict the Clinical Course of 866 Patients Requiring Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in a Long-Term, Acute-Care Hospital. J Intensive Care Med 2018; 35:745-754. [PMID: 30270713 DOI: 10.1177/0885066618783175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether burdens of chronic comorbid illnesses can predict the clinical course of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV)patients in a long-term, acute-care hospital (LTACH). METHODS Retrospective study of 866 consecutive PMV patients whose burdens of chronic comorbid illnesses were quantified using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Based on increasing CIRS scores, 6 groups were formed and compared: group A (≤25; n = 97), group B (26-28; n = 105), group C (29-31; n = 181), group D (32-34; n = 208), group E (35-37; n = 173), and group F (>37; n = 102). RESULTS As CIRS scores increased from group A to group F, rates of weaning success, home discharges, and LTACH survival declined progressively from 74% to 17%, 48% to 0%, and 79% to 21%, respectively (all P < .001). Negative correlations between the mean score of each CIRS group and correspondent outcomes also supported patients' group allocation and an accurate prediction of their clinical course (all P < .01). Long-term survival progressively declined from a median survival time of 38.9 months in group A to 3.2 months in group F (P < .001). Compared to group A, risk of death was 75% greater in group F (P = .03). Noteworthy, PMV patients with CIRS score <25 showed greater ability to recover and a low likelihood of becoming chronically critically ill. Diagnostic accuracy of CIRS to predict likelihood of weaning success, home discharges, both LTACH and long-term survival was good (area under the curves ≥0.71; all P <.001). CONCLUSIONS The burden of chronic comorbid illnesses was a strong prognostic indicator of the clinical course of PMV patients. Patients with lower CIRS values showed greater ability to recover and were less likely to become chronically critically ill. Thus, CIRS can be used to help guide clinicians caring for PMV patients in transfer decisions to and from postacute care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dermot Frengley
- Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, Roosevelt Island, NY, USA.,Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York city, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio R Sansone
- Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, Roosevelt Island, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY, USA
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Propensity score-matching analyses on the effectiveness of integrated prospective payment program for patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Health Policy 2018; 122:970-976. [PMID: 30097352 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An integrated delivery system with a prospective payment program (IPP) for prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) was launched by Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) due to the costly and limited ICU resources. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of IPP and evaluate the factors associated with successful weaning and survival among patients with PMV. METHODS Taiwan's NHI Research Database was searched to obtain the data of patients aged ≥17 years who had PMV from 2006 to 2010 (N=50,570). A 1:1 propensity score matching approach was used to compare patients with and without IPP (N=30,576). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to examine the factors related to successful weaning and survival. RESULTS The related factors of lower weaning rate in IPP participants (hazard ratio [HR]=0.84), were older age, higher income, catastrophic illness (HR=0.87), and higher comorbidity. The effectiveness of IPP intervention for the PMV patients showed longer days of hospitalization, longer ventilation days, higher survival rate, and higher medical costs (in respiratory care center, respiratory care ward). The 6-month mortality rate was lower (34.0% vs. 32.9%). The death risk of IPP patients compared to those non-IPP patients was lower (HR=0.91, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The policy of IPP for PMV patients showed higher survival rate although it was costly and related to lower weaning rate.
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Schmidt SB, Boltzmann M, Bertram M, Bucka C, Hartwich M, Jöbges M, Ketter G, Leineweber B, Mertl-Rötzer M, Nowak DA, Platz T, Scheidtmann K, Thomas R, Rosen FV, Wallesch CW, Woldag H, Peschel P, Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Rollnik JD. Factors influencing weaning from mechanical ventilation in neurological and neurosurgical early rehabilitation patients. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2018; 54:939-946. [PMID: 29898584 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.18.05100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies analyzing risk factors of weaning failure in neurological and neurosurgical early rehabilitation (NNER) patients are rare. AIM The aim of this study was to identify clinical factors influencing the weaning of NNER patients. DESIGN An observational, retrospective data analysis of a German multicenter study was performed. SETTING German neurological early rehabilitation centers. POPULATION Inpatient ventilated NNER patients (N.=192) were enrolled in the study. METHODS Demographical data, main diagnosis, medical devices, special medical care and assessment instruments of functional abilities, consciousness and independence in activities of daily living were accrued and compared between patients with and without successful weaning. The prognostic power of factors associated with weaning success/failure was analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 75% of the patients were successfully weaned. Colonization with multi-drug resistant bacteria and the need for dialysis were independent predictors of weaning failure. Successfully weaned patients had a shorter length of stay, better functional outcome, and lower mortality than non-successfully weaned patients. CONCLUSIONS Successfully weaned patients differ from patients with weaning failure in several clinical variables. All these variables are associated with the morbidity of the patient, indicating that the weaning process is strongly influenced by disease burden. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT Functional abilities, level of consciousness, independence in activities of daily living, colonization with multi-drug resistant bacteria, need for dialysis and disease duration might help to predict the weaning process of NNER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone B Schmidt
- Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research (InFo), BDH-Klinik Hessisch Oldendorf, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany -
| | - Melanie Boltzmann
- Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research (InFo), BDH-Klinik Hessisch Oldendorf, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Guido Ketter
- Neurological Rehabilitation Centre "Godeshöhe", Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hartwig Woldag
- Neurologisches Rehabilitationszentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Peschel
- Department of Public Health, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Jens D Rollnik
- Institute for Neurorehabilitation Research (InFo), BDH-Klinik Hessisch Oldendorf, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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[Prolonged weaning during early neurological and neurosurgical rehabilitation : S2k guideline published by the Weaning Committee of the German Neurorehabilitation Society (DGNR)]. DER NERVENARZT 2018; 88:652-674. [PMID: 28484823 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-017-0332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged weaning of patients with neurological or neurosurgery disorders is associated with specific characteristics, which are taken into account by the German Society for Neurorehabilitation (DGNR) in its own guideline. The current S2k guideline of the German Society for Pneumology and Respiratory Medicine is referred to explicitly with regard to definitions (e.g., weaning and weaning failure), weaning categories, pathophysiology of weaning failure, and general weaning strategies. In early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation, patients with central of respiratory regulation disturbances (e.g., cerebral stem lesions), swallowing disturbances (neurogenic dysphagia), neuromuscular problems (e.g., critical illness polyneuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, paraplegia, Myasthenia gravis) and/or cognitive disturbances (e.g., disturbed consciousness and vigilance disorders, severe communication disorders), whose care during the weaning of ventilation requires, in addition to intensive medical competence, neurological or neurosurgical and neurorehabilitation expertise. In Germany, this competence is present in centers of early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation, as a hospital treatment. The guideline is based on a systematic search of guideline databases and MEDLINE. Consensus was established by means of a nominal group process and Delphi procedure moderated by the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF). In the present guideline of the DGNR, the special structural and substantive characteristics of early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation and existing studies on weaning in early rehabilitation facilities are examined.Addressees of the guideline are neurologists, neurosurgeons, anesthesiologists, palliative physicians, speech therapists, intensive care staff, ergotherapists, physiotherapists, and neuropsychologists. In addition, this guideline is intended to provide information to specialists for physical medicine and rehabilitation (PMR), pneumologists, internists, respiratory therapists, the German Medical Service of Health Insurance Funds (MDK) and the German Association of Health Insurance Funds (MDS). The main goal of this guideline is to convey the current knowledge on the subject of "Prolonged weaning in early neurological and neurosurgery rehabilitation".
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Discontinuous ventilator weaning of patients with acute SCI. Spinal Cord 2018; 56:461-468. [PMID: 29335475 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-017-0055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective, single centre cohort study. OBJECTIVES To determine factors associated with ventilator weaning success and failure in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI); determine length of time and attempts required to wean from the ventilator successfully and determine the incidence of pneumonia. SETTING BG Klinikum Hamburg, Level 1 trauma centre, SCI Department, Germany. METHODS From 2010 until 2017, 165 consecutive patients with cervical SCI, initially dependent on a ventilator, were included and weaned discontinuously via tracheal cannula. Data related to anthropometric details, neurological injury, respiratory outcomes, and weaning parameters were prospectively recorded in a database and retrospectively analysed. RESULTS Seventy-nine percent of all patients were successfully weaned from ventilation. Average duration of the complete weaning process was 37 days. Ninety-one percent of the successfully weaned patients completed this on first attempt. Age (>56 years), level of injury (C4 and/or above), vital capacity (<1500 ml), obesity (>25 kg/m2), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) significantly decreased the chance of successful weaning. These factors also correlated with a higher number of weaning attempts. High level of injury, older age, and reduced vital capacity also increased the duration of the weaning process. Patients with low vital capacity and concurrent therapy with Baclofen and Dantrolene showed higher rates of pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that mentioned factors are associated with weaning outcome and useful for clinical recommendations and patient counselling. These data further support the complexity of ventilator weaning in the SCI population due to associated complications, therefore we recommend conducting weaning of patients with SCI on intensive or intermediate care units (ICU/IMCU) in specialised centres.
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Pai SC, Kung PT, Chou WY, Kuo T, Tsai WC. Survival and medical utilization of children and adolescents with prolonged ventilator-dependent and associated factors. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28628663 PMCID: PMC5476277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the course of a year, more than 20,000 patients in Taiwan require prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). Data from the National Health Insurance Research Database for patients between 2005 and 2011 were used to conduct a retrospective analysis on ventilator dependence. The study subjects were PMV patients aged <17 years in Taiwan. A multiple regression model employing general estimating equations was applied to investigate the factors affecting the use of medical resources by children and adolescent PMV patients. A Cox proportional hazard model was incorporated to explore the factors affecting the survival of these patients. Data were collected for a total of 1,019 children and adolescent PMV patients in Taiwan. The results revealed that the average number of outpatient visits per subject was 32.1 times per year, whereas emergency treatments averaged 1.56 times per year per subject and hospitalizations averaged 160.8 days per year per subject. Regarding average annual medical costs, hospitalizations accounted for the largest portion at NT$821,703 per year per subject, followed by outpatient care at NT$123,136 per year per subject and emergency care at NT$3,806 per year per subject. The demographic results indicated that the patients were predominately male (61.24%), with those under 1 year of age accounting for the highest percentage (36.38%). According to the Kaplan—Meier curve, the 1-year and 5-year mortality rates of the patients were approximately 32% and 47%, respectively. The following factors affecting the survival rate were considered: age, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), diagnosis type necessitating ventilator use, and whether an invasive ventilator was used. This study investigated the use of medical resources and the survival rates of children and adolescent PMV patients. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the National Health Insurance Administration in promoting its future integrated pilot projects on ventilator dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chi Pai
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Tseng Kung
- Department of Health Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chou
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsunghuai Kuo
- Department of Chest Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Tsai
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Girault C, Gacouin A. [Tracheotomy and high-flow oxygen therapy for mechanical ventilation weaning]. Rev Mal Respir 2017; 34:465-476. [PMID: 28502365 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Girault
- Service de réanimation médicale, hôpital Charles-Nicolle, groupe de recherche sur le handicap ventilatoire (GRHV), UPRES EA 3830-institut de recherche et d'innovation biomédicale (IRIB), faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, université de Rouen, centre hospitalier universitaire-hôpitaux de Rouen, 76031 Rouen cedex, France
| | - A Gacouin
- Inserm-CIC, service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale, hôpital Pontchaillou, centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France.
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Davies M, Quinnell T, Oscroft N, Clutterbuck S, Shneerson J, Smith I. Hospital outcomes and long-term survival after referral to a specialized weaning unit. Br J Anaesth 2017; 118:563-569. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aex031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rojek-Jarmuła A, Hombach R, Krzych ŁJ. APACHE II score cannot predict successful weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Chron Respir Dis 2017; 14:270-275. [PMID: 28774204 PMCID: PMC5720231 DOI: 10.1177/1479972316687100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
At least 5% of all intensive care unit patients require prolonged respiratory support. Multiple factors have been suggested as possible predictors of successful respiratory weaning so far. We sought to verify whether the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) can predict freedom from prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in patients treated in a regional weaning centre. The study group comprised 130 consecutive patients (age; median (interquartile range): 71 (62–77) years), hospitalized between 1 January 2012, and 31 December 2013. APACHE II score was assessed based on the worst values taken during the first 24 hours after admission. Glasgow coma scale was excluded from calculations due to the likely influence of sedative agents. The outcome was defined as freedom from mechanical ventilation, with or without tracheostomy on discharge. Among survivors (n = 115), 88.2% were successfully liberated from mechanical ventilation and 60.9% from tracheostomy. APACHE II failed to predict freedom from mechanical ventilation (area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.534; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.439–0.628; p = 0.65) and tracheostomy tube removal (AUROC = 0.527; 95% CI: 0.431–0.621; p = 0.63). Weaning outcome was unrelated to the aetiology of respiratory failure on admission (p = 0.41). APACHE II cannot predict weaning outcome in patients requiring PMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rojek-Jarmuła
- 1 Weaning Station, Marienhaus Klinikum Eifel, Neuerburg, Germany.,2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Marienhaus Klinikum Eifel St. Elizabeth, Gerolstein, Germany
| | - Rainer Hombach
- 1 Weaning Station, Marienhaus Klinikum Eifel, Neuerburg, Germany
| | - Łukasz J Krzych
- 3 Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Sansone GR, Frengley JD, Horland A, Vecchione JJ, Kaner RJ. Effects of Reinstitution of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation on the Outcomes of 370 Patients in a Long-Term Acute Care Hospital. J Intensive Care Med 2016; 33:527-535. [PMID: 30095035 DOI: 10.1177/0885066616683669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of the reinstitution of continuous mechanical ventilator support of >21 days in 370 prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) patients, all free from ventilator support for ≥5 days. METHODS Four groups were formed based on the time and number of PMV reinstitutions and compared (group A: reinstitutions within 28 days, n = 51; group B: a single reinstitution after 28 days, n = 53; group C: multiple reinstitutions after 28 days, n = 52; and group D: no known reinstitutions, n = 214). RESULTS Of the 370 patients, 156 (42%) required PMV reinstitutions. Most reinstitutions occurred within 7 months: 51 (33%) of the 156 patients within 28 days and 49 (31%) within the next 6 months. Group comparisons revealed a progression of outcomes from group A, the worst, to group D, the best, with groups B and C having intermediate but significantly different values. Decannulation was associated with an 88% decreased risk of PMV reinstitution and a 43% lower risk of death (all P < .001). CONCLUSION Prolonged mechanical ventilation reinstitution rates were high, with most occurring within 7 months of freedom from MV. In general, the longer the period of ventilator freedom, the less the likelihood of a PMV reinstitution. The identification of 4 distinct PMV groups of patients by time and number of reinstitutions added useful prognostic information. Since PMV reinstitutions within 28 days lead to permanent MV support, >28 days of ventilator freedom provided an optimal cut point for assessing the likelihood of again requiring PMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio R Sansone
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Dermot Frengley
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allan Horland
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John J Vecchione
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,4 Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Sancho J, Servera E, Jara-Palomares L, Barrot E, Sanchez-Oro-Gómez R, Gómez de Terreros FJ, Martín-Vicente MJ, Utrabo I, Núñez MB, Binimelis A, Sala E, Zamora E, Segrelles G, Ortega-Gonzalez A, Masa F. Noninvasive ventilation during the weaning process in chronically critically ill patients. ERJ Open Res 2016; 2:00061-2016. [PMID: 28053973 PMCID: PMC5152849 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00061-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronically critically ill patients often undergo prolonged mechanical ventilation. The role of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during weaning of these patients remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the value of NIV and whether a parameter can predict the need for NIV in chronically critically ill patients during the weaning process. We conducted a prospective study that included chronically critically ill patients admitted to Spanish respiratory care units. The weaning method used consisted of progressive periods of spontaneous breathing trials. Patients were transferred to NIV when it proved impossible to increase the duration of spontaneous breathing trials beyond 18 h. 231 chronically critically ill patients were included in the study. 198 (85.71%) patients achieved weaning success (mean weaning time 25.45±16.71 days), of whom 40 (21.4%) needed NIV during the weaning process. The variable which predicted the need for NIV was arterial carbon dioxide tension at respiratory care unit admission (OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.01–1.15), p=0.013), with a cut-off point of 45.5 mmHg (sensitivity 0.76, specificity 0.67, positive predictive value 0.76, negative predictive value 0.97). NIV is a useful tool during weaning in chronically critically ill patients. Hypercapnia despite mechanical ventilation at respiratory care unit admission is the main predictor of the need for NIV during weaning. NIV is a useful tool during weaning in chronic critically ill patients independent of their premorbid conditionhttp://ow.ly/j4Av304sEoJ
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Sancho
- Respiratory Care Unit, Respiratory Medicine Dept, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Servera
- Respiratory Care Unit, Respiratory Medicine Dept, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain; INCLIVA Institute of Health Research, Valencia, Spain; Dept of Physical Therapy, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Jara-Palomares
- Unidad Médico-Quirurgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Emilia Barrot
- Unidad Médico-Quirurgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Oro-Gómez
- Unidad Médico-Quirurgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
| | - F Javier Gómez de Terreros
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Pedro Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Jesús Martín-Vicente
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Pedro Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Utrabo
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Pedro Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Belen Núñez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alicia Binimelis
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ernest Sala
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Enrique Zamora
- Intermediate Care Unit, Pulmonology Dept, La Princesa Institute for Health Research, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Segrelles
- Intermediate Care Unit, Pulmonology Dept, La Princesa Institute for Health Research, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Ortega-Gonzalez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Nuestra Señora del Prado, Talavera de la Reina, Spain
| | - Fernando Masa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Pedro Alcántara, Cáceres, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Although precise numbers are difficult to obtain, the population of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased over the last 20 years, and includes patients with chronic lung diseases, neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury, and children with complex disorders. This article reviews the equipment and logistics involved with ventilation outside of the hospital. Discussed are common locations for long-term ventilation, airway and secretion management, and many of the potential challenges faced by individuals on long-term ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Sahetya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Allgood
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C Gay
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, The Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Noah Lechtzin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Huang CT, Lin JW, Ruan SY, Chen CY, Yu CJ. Preadmission tracheostomy is associated with better outcomes in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation in the postintensive care respiratory care setting. J Formos Med Assoc 2016; 116:169-176. [PMID: 27401698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is the most common situation where tracheostomy is indicated for intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, it is unknown if this procedure confers survival benefits on PMV patients in a post-ICU setting. METHODS Patients who were admitted to the specialized weaning unit from 2005 to 2008 and received PMV were included in this study. On admission, data pertaining to patient characteristics, physiologic status, and type of artificial airway (tracheostomy vs. no tracheostomy) were obtained. Outcomes of tracheostomized and nontracheostomized patients were evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards and propensity score-matching models. The primary outcome of interest was 1-year survival. RESULTS A total of 401 patients (mean age 74.4 years, 204 male) were identified. In multivariate analyses, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.061, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.016-1.107] and presence of comorbidities, including congestive heart failure (HR = 1.562, 95% CI = 1.119-2.181), malignancy (HR = 1.942, 95% CI = 1.306-2.885), and liver cirrhosis (HR = 2.373, 95% CI = 1.015-5.544), were independently associated with 1-year mortality. An association between having tracheostomy and a better 1-year outcome was observed (HR = 0.625, 95% CI = 0.453-0.863). The matched cohort study also demonstrated a favorable 1-year survival for tracheostomized patients, and these patients had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (24% vs. 36%, p = 0.049) and risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (10% vs. 20%, p = 0.030) than nontracheostomized ones. CONCLUSION Preadmission tracheostomy may be associated with better outcomes of PMV patients in a post-ICU respiratory care setting. The findings suggest that this procedure should be recommended before PMV patients are transferred to specialized weaning units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ta Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yuan Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Care Practices and Health-related Quality of Life for Individuals Receiving Assisted Ventilation. A Cross-National Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13:894-903. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201509-590oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mifsud Bonnici D, Sanctuary T, Warren A, Murphy PB, Steier J, Marino P, Pattani H, Creagh-Brown BC, Hart N. Prospective observational cohort study of patients with weaning failure admitted to a specialist weaning, rehabilitation and home mechanical ventilation centre. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010025. [PMID: 26956162 PMCID: PMC4785284 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES According to National Health Service England (NHSE) specialist respiratory commissioning specification for complex home ventilation, patients with weaning failure should be referred to a specialist centre. However, there are limited data reporting the clinical outcomes from such centres. SETTING Prospective observational cohort study of patients admitted to a UK specialist weaning, rehabilitation and home mechanical ventilation centre between February 2005 and July 2013. PARTICIPANTS 262 patients admitted with a median age of 64.2 years (IQR 52.6-73.2 years). 59.9% were male. RESULTS 39.7% of patients had neuromuscular and/or chest wall disease, 21% were postsurgical, 19.5% had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 5.3% had obesity-related respiratory failure and 14.5% had other diagnoses. 64.1% of patients were successfully weaned, with 38.2% weaned fully from ventilation, 24% weaned to nocturnal non-invasive ventilation (NIV), 1.9% weaned to nocturnal NIV with intermittent NIV during the daytime. 21.4% of patients were discharged on long-term tracheostomy ventilation. The obesity-related respiratory failure group were most likely to wean (relative risk (RR) for weaning success=1.48, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.77; p<0.001), but otherwise weaning success rates did not significantly vary by diagnostic group. The median time-to-wean was 19 days (IQR 9-33) and the median duration of stay was 31 days (IQR 16-50), with no difference observed between the groups. Weaning centre mortality was 14.5%, highest in the COPD group (RR=2.15, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.91, p=0.012) and lowest in the neuromuscular and/or chest wall disease group (RR=0.34, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.75, p=0.007). Of all patients discharged alive, survival was 71.7% at 6 months and 61.8% at 12 months postdischarge. CONCLUSIONS Following NHSE guidance, patients with weaning delay and failure should be considered for transfer to a specialist centre where available, which can demonstrate favourable short-term and long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Sanctuary
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Warren
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joerg Steier
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Marino
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hina Pattani
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ben C Creagh-Brown
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, Surrey, UK
- Surrey Perioperative Anaesthesia and Critical care collaborative research group (SPACeR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Sansone GR, Frengley JD, Vecchione JJ, Manogaram MG, Kaner RJ. Relationship of the Duration of Ventilator Support to Successful Weaning and Other Clinical Outcomes in 437 Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Patients. J Intensive Care Med 2016; 32:283-291. [PMID: 26792815 DOI: 10.1177/0885066615626897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between durations of ventilator support and weaning outcomes of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) patients. METHODS Cohort study of 957 PMV patients sequentially admitted to a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH). The study population was 437 PMV patients who underwent weaning, having achieved ≥4 hours of sustained spontaneous breathing. They were divided into tertiles of mechanical ventilation (MV) durations and compared for differences (tertile A: 21-58 days, n = 146; tertile B: 59-103 days, n = 147; and tertile C: ≥104 days, n = 144). RESULTS Tertiles showed comparable weaning success rates and survival. As MV durations increased, LTACH postweaning days became progressively greater, whereas decannulations and discharge physical function diminished, and home discharges decreased while nursing facility discharges increased (all P < .001). Patients with lower physical function before critical illness or greater burdens of comorbidities were least likely to be weaned (all P < .001). Younger ages, lower comorbidity burdens, neurological diagnoses, higher admission prealbumin levels, and successful weaning, each independently reduced the risk of death (all P < .01). CONCLUSION Durations of MV did not affect weaning success or survival, although deleterious effects were found in discharges, decannulations, LTACH postweaning days, and discharge physical function. Durations of MV alone should not guide transfer decisions for subsequent continuing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio R Sansone
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Dermot Frengley
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA.,2 Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - John J Vecchione
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Merlin G Manogaram
- 1 Clinical Outcomes Research Group, Coler Rehabilitation and Nursing Care Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,4 Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Kahn JM, Barnato AE, Lave JR, Pike F, Weissfeld LA, Le TQ, Angus DC. A Comparison of Free-Standing versus Co-Located Long-Term Acute Care Hospitals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139742. [PMID: 26440102 PMCID: PMC4595282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term acute care hospitals (LTACs) provide specialized treatment for patients with chronic critical illness. Increasingly LTACs are co-located within traditional short-stay hospitals rather than operated as free-standing facilities, which may affect LTAC utilization patterns and outcomes. METHODS We compared free-standing and co-located LTACs using 2005 data from the United States Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We used bivariate analyses to examine patient characteristics and timing of LTAC transfer, and used propensity matching and multivariable regression to examine mortality, readmissions, and costs after transfer. RESULTS Of 379 LTACs in our sample, 192 (50.7%) were free-standing and 187 (49.3%) were co-located in a short-stay hospital. Co-located LTACs were smaller (median bed size: 34 vs. 66, p <0.001) and more likely to be for-profit (72.2% v. 68.8%, p = 0.001) than freestanding LTACs. Co-located LTACs admitted patients later in their hospital course (average time prior to transfer: 15.5 days vs. 14.0 days) and were more likely to admit patients for ventilator weaning (15.9% vs. 12.4%). In the multivariate propensity-matched analysis, patients in co-located LTACs experienced higher 180-day mortality (adjusted relative risk: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.11, p = 0.04) but lower readmission rates (adjusted relative risk: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.75-0.98, p = 0.02). Costs were similar between the two hospital types (mean difference in costs within 180 days of transfer: -$3,580, 95% CI: -$8,720 -$1,550, p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Compared to patients in free-standing LTACs, patients in co-located LTACs experience slightly higher mortality but lower readmission rates, with no change in overall resource use as measured by 180 day costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Kahn
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Amber E Barnato
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Center for Research on Health Care, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Judith R Lave
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Francis Pike
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lisa A Weissfeld
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Statistics Collaborative, Inc. Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Tri Q Le
- Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Derek C Angus
- Clinical Research, Investigation and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America; Department of Health Policy & Management, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Rohrs E, Reynolds S, Zurba J. A CASE SERIES OF A PAV+ WEANING PROTOCOL IN AN ACUTE CARE ENVIRONMENT DEMONSTRATING AN ABSENCE OF WEANING FAILURE. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798126 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tsara V, Moisiadis N, Antoniadou M, Serasli E. Characteristics and outcome of patients with difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation: an 18 years' experience of a respiratory intermediate unit attached to a pulmonary department. Hippokratia 2015; 19:37-40. [PMID: 26435645 PMCID: PMC4574584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory dysfunction often persists in post intensive care unit (ICU) patients and intermediate care facilities have been established to ensure the continuous of appropriate care. METHODS The data of patients with difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation admitted to a respiratory intermediate unit (RIU) attached to a pulmonary department of a General Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, weaning from mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy, ICU readmission and RIU mortality were examined over a period of 18 years (1993- 2010) that was randomly divided into three six-year-periods. RESULTS A total of 548 patients (age 56.7±17.9 years) [mean ± standard deviation (SD)], of whom 80% with tracheostomy in place and 37.6% with pressure ulcers, were examined. The ICU stay was 30.1±24.7 days (mean ± SD) and increased over time (p<0.05). Patients' baseline disorders were: chronic respiratory disease (41.3%), chronic cardiovascular diseases (10.6%), neuromuscular disease (22.8%) and miscellaneous (25.3%). The length of RIU stay (22.8±19.5 days) was constant over the examined periods but an increase in age and maintenance of tracheostomy were observed; 80% of patients were liberated from mechanical ventilation and 58.5% from tracheostomy, whereas the RIU mortality was 15%. CONCLUSION In their vast majority patients with chronic respiratory failure, who were admitted to RIU,were weaned from mechanical ventilation, although in a substantial percentage the maintenance of tracheostomy was mandatory after discharge. Hippokratia 2015, 19 (1): 37-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Tsara
- Pulmonary Department, 'G. Papanikolaou' General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Moisiadis
- Pulmonary Department, 'G. Papanikolaou' General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Antoniadou
- Pulmonary Department, 'G. Papanikolaou' General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Serasli
- Pulmonary Department, 'G. Papanikolaou' General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Schönhofer B. [Noninvasive ventilation in patients with persistent hypercapnia]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2014; 110:182-7. [PMID: 24938398 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-014-0373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory failure is caused by insufficiency of the inspiratory muscles, i.e. mainly the diaphragm, which represents the so-called "respiratory pump". Insufficiency of the respiratory pump causes hypercapnia. THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTION Diseases with chronic hypercapnia are characterized by reduced survival. Mechanical ventilation-mostly applied as noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV)-improves ventilation and unloads the inspiratory muscles. INDICATION Strong evidence supports the use of domiciliary NIV already in mild degrees of chronic respiratory failure caused by neuromuscular diseases, thoracic restrictions and obesity hypoventilation. In these diseases long-term NIV improves both physiological parameters (such as blood gases) and clinical outcome, e.g. exercise capacity, right heart dysfunction, sleep quality, disease-specific aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQL) and survival rate. In contrast, its influence on long-term survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients is not clearly proven. Prescription of home NIV in COPD should therefore be restricted to severe degrees of chronic respiratory failure. Finally, there is an indication for domiciliary NIV in patients after prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation. This paper elaborates underlying pathophysiology, diseases and how NIV works in chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schönhofer
- Abteilung für Pneumologie, Internistische Intensivmedizin und Schlafmedizin, Krankenhaus Oststadt-Heidehaus, Klinikum Region Hannover, Podbielskistr. 380, 30659, Hannover, Deutschland,
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Oehmichen F, Zäumer K, Ragaller M, Mehrholz J, Pohl M. Anwendung eines standardisierten Spontanatmungsprotokolls. DER NERVENARZT 2013; 84:962-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-013-3812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tang H, Lee M, Khuong A, Wright E, Shrager JB. Diaphragm muscle atrophy in the mouse after long-term mechanical ventilation. Muscle Nerve 2013; 48:272-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; 300 Pasteur Drive Stanford California 94305-5407 USA
| | - Myung Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; 300 Pasteur Drive Stanford California 94305-5407 USA
| | - Amanda Khuong
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; 300 Pasteur Drive Stanford California 94305-5407 USA
| | - Erika Wright
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; 300 Pasteur Drive Stanford California 94305-5407 USA
| | - Joseph B. Shrager
- Division of Thoracic Surgery; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Stanford School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; 300 Pasteur Drive Stanford California 94305-5407 USA
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HANNAN LIAMM, TAN SIEW, HOPKINSON KIM, MARCHINGO EMMA, RAUTELA LINDA, DETERING KAREN, BERLOWITZ DAVIDJ, MCDONALD CHRISTINEF, HOWARD MARKE. Inpatient and long-term outcomes of individuals admitted for weaning from mechanical ventilation at a specialized ventilation weaning unit. Respirology 2012; 18:154-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Black CJ, Kuper M, Bellingan GJ, Batson S, Matejowsky C, Howell DCJ. A multidisciplinary team approach to weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2012; 73:462-6. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2012.73.8.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire J Black
- UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU and NIHR Clinical Doctoral Research Fellow in Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London
| | | | | | | | | | - David CJ Howell
- UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London and the Centre for Respiratory Research, Rayne Institute, University College London, London
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Heinemann F, Budweiser S, Jörres RA, Arzt M, Rösch F, Kollert F, Pfeifer M. The role of non-invasive home mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring prolonged weaning. Respirology 2012; 16:1273-80. [PMID: 21883681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2011.02054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Patients with COPD who require prolonged weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation show poor long-term survival. Whether non-invasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV) has a beneficial effect after prolonged weaning has not yet been clearly determined. METHODS Patients with COPD who required prolonged weaning and were admitted to a specialized weaning centre between January 2002 and February 2008 were enrolled in the study. Long-term survival and prognostic factors, including the role of non-invasive HMV, were evaluated. RESULTS Of 117 patients (87 men, 30 women; mean age 69.5±9.5 years) included in the study, weaning from invasive ventilation was achieved in 82 patients (70.1%). Successful weaning was associated with better survival 1 year after discharge from hospital (hazard ratio (HR) 2.24, 95% CI: 1.16-4.31; P=0.016). Among the 82 patients who were successfully weaned, non-invasive HMV was initiated in 39 (47.6%) due to persistent chronic ventilatory failure. Initiation of HMV was associated with a higher rate of survival to 1 year as compared with patients who did not receive ventilatory support (84.2% vs 54.3%; HR 3.68, 95% CI: 1.43-9.43; P=0.007). In addition, younger age and higher PaO₂, haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit at discharge were associated with better survival. In an adjusted multivariate analysis, initiation of non-invasive HMV after successful weaning remained an independent prognostic factor for survival to 1 year (HR 3.63, 95% CI: 1.23-10.75; P=0.019). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that based on the potential for improvement in long-term survival, non-invasive HMV should be considered in patients with severe COPD and persistent chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure after prolonged weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Heinemann
- Centre for Pneumology, Donaustauf Hospital, Donaustauf, Germany
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