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Functional, transcriptional, and microbial shifts associated with healthy pulmonary aging in rhesus macaques. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110725. [PMID: 35443183 PMCID: PMC9096119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Older individuals are at increased risk of developing severe respiratory infections. However, our understanding of the impact of aging on the respiratory tract remains limited as samples from healthy humans are challenging to obtain and results can be confounded by variables such as smoking and diet. Here, we carry out a comprehensive cross-sectional study (n = 34 adult, n = 49 aged) to define the consequences of aging on the lung using the rhesus macaque model. Pulmonary function testing establishes similar age and sex differences as humans. Additionally, we report increased abundance of alveolar and infiltrating macrophages and a concomitant decrease in T cells were in aged animals. scRNAseq reveals shifts from GRZMB to IFN expressing CD8+ T cells in the lungs. These data provide insight into age-related changes in the lungs’ functional, microbial, and immunological landscape that explain increased prevalence and severity of respiratory diseases in the elderly. Rhoades et al. describe age-associated functional, microbial, and immunological changes in the lung using the rhesus macaque model. These data will support further studies aimed at designing and testing interventions to mitigate the impact of age-associated shifts in the lung environment to reduce age-related pulmonary disease in the elderly.
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Lam TYW, Nguyen N, Peh HY, Shanmugasundaram M, Chandna R, Tee JH, Ong CB, Hossain MZ, Venugopal S, Zhang T, Xu S, Qiu T, Kong WT, Chakarov S, Srivastava S, Liao W, Kim JS, Teh M, Ginhoux F, Fred Wong WS, Ge R. ISM1 protects lung homeostasis via cell-surface GRP78-mediated alveolar macrophage apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2019161119. [PMID: 35046017 PMCID: PMC8794848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019161119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for lung immune defense and homeostasis. They are orchestrators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with their number significantly increased and functions altered in COPD. However, it is unclear how AM number and function are controlled in a healthy lung and if changes in AMs without environmental assault are sufficient to trigger lung inflammation and COPD. We report here that absence of isthmin 1 (ISM1) in mice (Ism1-/- ) leads to increase in both AM number and functional heterogeneity, with enduring lung inflammation, progressive emphysema, and significant lung function decline, phenotypes similar to human COPD. We reveal that ISM1 is a lung resident anti-inflammatory protein that selectively triggers the apoptosis of AMs that harbor high levels of its receptor cell-surface GRP78 (csGRP78). csGRP78 is present at a heterogeneous level in the AMs of a healthy lung, but csGRP78high AMs are expanded in Ism1-/- mice, cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD mice, and human COPD lung, making these cells the prime targets of ISM1-mediated apoptosis. We show that csGRP78high AMs mostly express MMP-12, hence proinflammatory. Intratracheal delivery of recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) depleted csGRP78high AMs in both Ism1-/- and CS-induced COPD mice, blocked emphysema development, and preserved lung function. Consistently, ISM1 expression in human lungs positively correlates with AM apoptosis, suggesting similar function of ISM1-csGRP78 in human lungs. Our findings reveal that AM apoptosis regulation is an important physiological mechanism for maintaining lung homeostasis and demonstrate the potential of pulmonary-delivered rISM1 to target csGRP78 as a therapeutic strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Y W Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mahalakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ritu Chandna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jong Huat Tee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shruthi Venugopal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Simin Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore-Hebrew University of Jerusalem Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
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Hume PS, Gibbings SL, Jakubzick CV, Tuder RM, Curran-Everett D, Henson PM, Smith BJ, Janssen WJ. Localization of Macrophages in the Human Lung via Design-based Stereology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1209-1217. [PMID: 32197050 PMCID: PMC7233346 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201911-2105oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Interstitial macrophages (IMs) and airspace macrophages (AMs) play critical roles in lung homeostasis and host defense, and are central to the pathogenesis of a number of lung diseases. However, the absolute numbers of macrophages and the precise anatomic locations they occupy in the healthy human lung have not been quantified.Objectives: To determine the precise number and anatomic location of human pulmonary macrophages in nondiseased lungs and to quantify how this is altered in chronic cigarette smokers.Methods: Whole right upper lobes from 12 human donors without pulmonary disease (6 smokers and 6 nonsmokers) were evaluated using design-based stereology. CD206 (cluster of differentiation 206)-positive/CD43+ AMs and CD206+/CD43- IMs were counted in five distinct anatomical locations using the optical disector probe.Measurements and Main Results: An average of 2.1 × 109 IMs and 1.4 × 109 AMs were estimated per right upper lobe. Of the AMs, 95% were contained in diffusing airspaces and 5% in airways. Of the IMs, 78% were located within the alveolar septa, 14% around small vessels, and 7% around the airways. The local density of IMs was greater in the alveolar septa than in the connective tissue surrounding the airways or vessels. The total number and density of IMs was 36% to 56% greater in the lungs of cigarette smokers versus nonsmokers.Conclusions: The precise locations occupied by pulmonary macrophages were defined in nondiseased human lungs from smokers and nonsmokers. IM density was greatest in the alveolar septa. Lungs from chronic smokers had increased IM numbers and overall density, supporting a role for IMs in smoking-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. Hume
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Sophie L. Gibbings
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Claudia V. Jakubzick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Rubin M. Tuder
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Douglas Curran-Everett
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, and
| | - Peter M. Henson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Bradford J. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - William J. Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, and,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine
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Alsassa S, Lefèvre T, Laugier V, Stindel E, Ansart S. Modeling Early Stages of Bone and Joint Infections Dynamics in Humans: A Multi-Agent, Multi-System Based Model. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:26. [PMID: 32226790 PMCID: PMC7080862 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of bone and joint infections (BJI) is a challenging task. The high intra and inter patient's variability in terms of clinical presentation makes it impossible to rely on a systematic description or classical statistical analysis for its diagnosis. Advances can be achieved through a better understanding of the system behavior that results from the interactions between the components at a micro-scale level, which is difficult to mastered using traditional methods. Multiple studies from the literature report factors and interactions that affect the dynamics of the BJI system. The objectives of this study were (i) to perform a systematic review to identify relevant interactions between agents (cells, pathogens) and parameters values that characterize agents and interactions, and (ii) to develop a two dimensional computational model of the BJI system based on the results of the systematic review. The model would simulate the behavior resulting from the interactions on the cellular and molecular levels to explore the BJI dynamics, using an agent-based modeling approach. The BJI system's response to different microbial inoculum levels was simulated. The model succeeded in mimicking the dynamics of bacteria, the innate immune cells, and the bone mass during the first stage of infection and for different inoculum levels in a consistent manner. The simulation displayed the destruction in bone tissue as a result of the alteration in bone remodeling process during the infection. The model was used to generate different patterns of system behaviors that could be analyzed in further steps. Simulations results suggested evidence for the existence of latent infections. Finally, we presented a way to analyze and synthesize massive simulated data in a concise and comprehensive manner based on the semi-supervised identification of ordinary differential equations (ODE) systems. It allows to use the known framework for temporal and structural ODE analyses and therefore summarize the whole simulated system dynamical behavior. This first model is intended to be validated by in vivo or in vitro data and expected to generate hypotheses to be challenged by real data. Step by step, it can be modified and complexified based on the test/validation iteration cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Alsassa
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,Tekliko SARL, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lefèvre
- Iris UMR 8156 CNRS - U997 Inserm - EHESS - UP 13, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Jean Verdier Teaching Hospital, Department of Legal and Social Medicine, Bondy, France
| | | | - Eric Stindel
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,La Cavale Blanche University Hospital, Infection Diseases Unit, Brest, France
| | - Séverine Ansart
- Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM - UMR 1101 INSERM), IBRS, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Department of Medicine, Brest, France.,La Cavale Blanche University Hospital, Infection Diseases Unit, Brest, France
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Kurundkar A, Thannickal VJ. Redox mechanisms in age-related lung fibrosis. Redox Biol 2016; 9:67-76. [PMID: 27394680 PMCID: PMC4943089 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox signaling and oxidative stress are associated with tissue fibrosis and aging. Aging is recognized as a major risk factor for fibrotic diseases involving multiple organ systems, including that of the lung. A number of oxidant generating enzymes are upregulated while antioxidant defenses are deficient with aging and cellular senescence, leading to redox imbalance and oxidative stress. However, the precise mechanisms by which redox signaling and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis are not well understood. Tissue repair is a highly regulated process that involves the interactions of several cell types, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Fibrosis may develop when these interactions are dysregulated with the acquisition of pro-fibrotic cellular phenotypes. In this review, we explore the roles of redox mechanisms that promote and perpetuate fibrosis in the context of cellular senescence and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Pignatti P, Ragnoli B, Radaeli A, Moscato G, Malerba M. Age-related increase of airway neutrophils in older healthy nonsmoking subjects. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:365-70. [PMID: 21595513 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2010.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although an influence of advancing age on lung cellularity in healthy subjects has already been described, induced sputum reference values for cell counts in older healthy adults are not available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of age on the variation of sputum cell distribution in a considerable number of healthy subjects. A total of 70 nonatopic, nonsmoker healthy subjects aged ≥50 years underwent sputum induction and blood cell count. Sputum samples were processed and then were analyzed by optical microscopy. Differential cell counts were reported as percentages and amount of cells/mg. RESULTS Sputum cell distribution of healthy subjects aged ≥50 years was mainly composed of neutrophils. Both the percentage and the amount of sputum neutrophils correlated with the subjects' age, r=0.5, p=0.00001 and r=0.32, p=0.007, respectively. This correlation was more evident in women (n=35) than in men (n=35). No correlation was found between blood neutrophils and age. The increase in sputum neutrophils was not secondary to an increase in blood neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS In the studied subjects, aging was associated, particularly in women, with an increase in sputum neutrophils not related to an increase of blood neutrophils. These results could be useful in clinical and experimental settings as reference values to compare with data from subjects aged over 50 years. These data showed that sputum neutrophila can be dissociated from airway symptoms and could create a favorable background for the development of age-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Pignatti
- Allergy and Immunology Unit, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, Institute of Research and Care, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Italy
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Kikawada M, Iwamoto T, Takasaki M, Oyama T, Arai H. Elevation of neutrophils and interleukin-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from old-old patients with cerebrovascular disease. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002; 50:2096-8. [PMID: 12473029 DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50629.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kikawada M, Oyama T, Ogawa K, Arai H, Iwamoto T, Takasaki M. The characterization of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in very elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001; 56:M771-4. [PMID: 11723152 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/56.12.m771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease have a high frequency of pneumonia due to impaired immune function and the occurrence of micro-aspiration. METHODS We performed bronchoalveolar lavage in 11 very elderly subjects with cerebrovascular disease and 9 healthy volunteers to investigate whether there were changes of local immunity in the lungs of the elderly subjects. The total cell count, the cell characteristics, and the lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were compared between the two groups. RESULTS A significant increase in the total cell count as well as in the number of neutrophils and CD8(+) T cells was observed in the elderly group. In addition, the mean CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio was lower in the elderly patients than in the healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS These observations suggest that silent micro-aspiration occurs in many elderly individuals with cerebrovascular disease and that pulmonary defenses decrease with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kikawada
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Japan.
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Arias-Díaz J, Vara E, Torres-Melero J, García C, Baki W, Ramírez-Armengol JA, Balibrea JL. Nitrite/nitrate and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung cancer patients. Cancer 1994; 74:1546-51. [PMID: 8062187 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(19940901)74:5<1546::aid-cncr2820740509>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are produced by tumor cells in vitro, but evidence for in vivo increased production of cytokines in cancer patients is controversial. Conversely, nitric oxide (NO) is implicated increasingly in the mediation of cytokine effects. Lung cancer patients may show an increased local production of cytokines and NO, and chronic paracrine exposure of epithelial lung cells to these medicators may influence the production of surfactant phosphatidylcholine. METHODS The presence of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as NO, cyclic guanosine 3'5' monophosphate (cGMP) and phosphatidylcholine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BLF) of lung cancer patients were investigated. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was obtained from 30 male smokers: 22 patients with squamous cell lung cancer and 8 subjects without cancer. RESULTS When compared with the control subjects, the cancer patients had elevated BLF levels of TNF alpha (1.58 +/- 0.47 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.02 pg/microgram protein, P < 0.001), IL-6 (1.39 +/- 0.29 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.02 pg/microgram protein, P < 0.001), and NO2-/NO3- (23.3 +/- 5.6 vs 1.1 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.001). However, phosphatidylcholine levels were lower in those with cancer than in the control subjects (3.0 +/- 1.2 vs. 24.8 +/- 6.4 micrograms protein, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results showed in vivo production of inflammatory cytokines in human lung cancer and increased tumor-associated NO production, as suggested by increased levels of nitrite/nitrate in the BLF. A decreased phosphatidylcholine content in the BLF also was found in patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arias-Díaz
- Department of Surgery, San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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