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Fonseca AA, Gonçalves VLDS, Barbosa AAS, Camargos MF. Use of FTA card for the detection of two RNA (CSFV and SV-A) and two DNA viruses (ASFVand SuHV-1) of importance in veterinary medicine. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1961-1966. [PMID: 38589741 PMCID: PMC11153393 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The FTA card has emerged as a promising alternative for nucleic acid extraction. The FTA card is a filter paper impregnated with chemicals that preserve and stabilize the genetic material present in the sample, allowing for its storage and transport at room temperature. The aim of this study was to test the card for the detection of RNA and DNA nucleic acids. Two RNA viruses (Senecavirus A and classical swine fever virus) and two DNA viruses (African swine fever virus and suid alphaherpesvirus 1) were tested, and in all cases, there was a decrease in sensitivity. The methods exhibited good repeatability and demonstrated a rapid and practical use for sample transport and nucleic acid extraction.
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Osemeke OH, Cezar GA, Paiva RC, Moraes DCA, Machado IF, Magalhaes ES, Poeta Silva APS, Mil-Homens M, Peng L, Jayaraman S, Trevisan G, Silva GS, Gauger PC, Linhares DCL. A cross-sectional assessment of PRRSV nucleic acid detection by RT-qPCR in serum, ear-vein blood swabs, nasal swabs, and oral swabs from weaning-age pigs under field conditions. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1200376. [PMID: 37635762 PMCID: PMC10449646 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1200376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to challenge swine production in the US and most parts of the world. Effective PRRSV surveillance in swine herds can be challenging, especially because the virus can persist and sustain a very low prevalence. Although weaning-age pigs are a strategic subpopulation in the surveillance of PRRSV in breeding herds, very few sample types have been validated and characterized for surveillance of this subpopulation. The objectives of this study, therefore, were to compare PRRSV RNA detection rates in serum, oral swabs (OS), nasal swabs (NS), ear-vein blood swabs (ES), and family oral fluids (FOF) obtained from weaning-age pigs and to assess the effect of litter-level pooling on the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detection of PRRSV RNA. Methods Three eligible PRRSV-positive herds in the Midwestern USA were selected for this study. 666 pigs across 55 litters were sampled for serum, NS, ES, OS, and FOF. RT-qPCR tests were done on these samples individually and on the litter-level pools of the swabs. Litter-level pools of each swab sample type were made by combining equal volumes of each swab taken from the pigs within a litter. Results Ninety-six piglets distributed across 22 litters were positive by PRRSV RT-qPCR on serum, 80 piglets distributed across 15 litters were positive on ES, 80 piglets distributed across 17 litters were positive on OS, and 72 piglets distributed across 14 litters were positive on NS. Cohen's kappa analyses showed near-perfect agreement between all paired ES, OS, NS, and serum comparisons (). The serum RT-qPCR cycle threshold values (Ct) strongly predicted PRRSV detection in swab samples. There was a ≥ 95% probability of PRRSV detection in ES-, OS-, and NS pools when the proportion of positive swab samples was ≥ 23%, ≥ 27%, and ≥ 26%, respectively. Discussion ES, NS, and OS can be used as surveillance samples for detecting PRRSV RNA by RT-qPCR in weaning-age pigs. The minimum number of piglets to be sampled by serum, ES, OS, and NS to be 95% confident of detecting ≥ 1 infected piglet when PRRSV prevalence is ≥ 10% is 30, 36, 36, and 40, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme A. Cezar
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rodrigo C. Paiva
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. A. Moraes
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Isadora F. Machado
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Edison S. Magalhaes
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Mafalda Mil-Homens
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Li Peng
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Swaminathan Jayaraman
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Gustavo S. Silva
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Daniel C. L. Linhares
- Fieldepi, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA, United States
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Evaluation of Whatman FTA cards for the preservation of yellow fever virus RNA for use in molecular diagnostics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010487. [PMID: 35704565 PMCID: PMC9200311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a flavivirus that frequently causes outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in Africa and South America and is considered a reemerging public health threat. Accurate diagnosis of yellow fever (YF) disease is critical as one confirmed case constitutes an outbreak and may trigger a mass vaccination campaign. Highly sensitive and specific molecular diagnostics have been developed; however, these assays require maintenance of cold-chain during transport of specimens to prevent the degradation of viral RNA prior to testing. Such cold-chain requirements are difficult to meet in some regions. In this study, we investigated Whatman FTA cards as an alternative stabilization method of YFV RNA for use in molecular diagnosis. Using contrived specimens, linear regression analysis showed that RNA detection from a single 6mm FTA card punch was significantly less sensitive than traditional RNA extraction; however, pooling RNA extracted from two FTA punches significantly lowered the limit of detection to be equal to that of the traditional RNA extraction gold standard. In experiments addressing the ability of FTA card methodology to stabilize YFV RNA at variable temperature, RNA could be detected for more than two weeks following storage at 25°C. Even more promising, YFV RNA was detectable on cards held at 37°C from two days to over two weeks depending on viral input. FTA cards were also shown to stabilize YFV RNA at high humidity if cards were desiccated prior to inoculation. These results support that FTA cards could be cost effective and easy to use in molecular diagnosis of YF, preserving viral RNA to allow for positive diagnoses in situations where maintaining cold-chain is not feasible.
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Stringer OW, Bossé JT, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Fodor L, Angen Ø, Velazquez E, Penny P, Lei L, Langford PR, Li Y. Rapid Detection and Typing of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovars Directly From Clinical Samples: Combining FTA ® Card Technology With Multiplex PCR. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:728660. [PMID: 34447805 PMCID: PMC8382971 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.728660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is highly contagious and responsible for high morbidity, mortality, and economic losses in the swine industry worldwide, but quick serotyping and diagnosis are still not widely available. In this study, we sought to validate the use of Whatman FTA® cards for collection and processing of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, or porcine lung tissue samples, for direct use in diagnostic multiplex PCRs. We have optimized the processing of 3-mm discs punched from FTA® cards loaded with cultured A. pleuropneumoniae, or imprinted on lesioned regions of lung tissue, with only three distilled water washes before addition into our APP-multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay for rapid, low-cost identification and serotyping. DNA captured on FTA® cards generated the same diagnostic PCR results as DNA extracted using commercial kits for 85 A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolate cultures and 22 lung samples. Additionally, bacterial DNA bound to FTA® cards was detectable by PCR after 6 months of storage at 37°C. This study provides simple, efficient, rapid, and practical sample processing for detection and molecular serotyping of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W. Stringer
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janine T. Bossé
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses en Production Animale, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Paul Penny
- Ceva Animal Health Ltd., Amersham, United Kingdom
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Han J, Zhang Y. Microfiber pillow as a potential harbor and environmental medium transmitting respiratory pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111177. [PMID: 32916641 PMCID: PMC7434492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
• Pillows exposed to saliva, respiratory droplets, and exhaled breath during sleep. • Permeability of aerosols and saliva through cotton and polyester fabrics on pillows. • Pillows with microfiber fillings highly popular among US and Chinese consumers. • Microfiber pillows used on aircrafts, couchette trains, and in lodging facilities. • Current cleaning and disinfection protocols mainly target surfaces and fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
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