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Shurson GC, Urriola PE, Schroeder DC. Biosecurity and Mitigation Strategies to Control Swine Viruses in Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2375. [PMID: 37508151 PMCID: PMC10376163 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
No system nor standardized analytical procedures at commercial laboratories exist to facilitate and accurately measure potential viable virus contamination in feed ingredients and complete feeds globally. As a result, there is high uncertainty of the extent of swine virus contamination in global feed supply chains. Many knowledge gaps need to be addressed to improve our ability to prevent virus contamination and transmission in swine feed. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge involving: (1) the need for biosecurity protocols to identify production, processing, storage, and transportation conditions that may cause virus contamination of feed ingredients and complete feed; (2) challenges of measuring virus inactivation; (3) virus survival in feed ingredients during transportation and storage; (4) minimum infectious doses; (5) differences between using a food safety objective versus a performance objective as potential approaches for risk assessment in swine feed; (6) swine virus inactivation from thermal and irradiation processes, and chemical mitigants in feed ingredients and complete feed; (7) efficacy of virus decontamination strategies in feed mills; (8) benefits of functional ingredients, nutrients, and commercial feed additives in pig diets during a viral health challenge; and (9) considerations for improved risk assessment models of virus contamination in feed supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Declan C Schroeder
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Jang G, Kim J, Park C, Song K, Kang W, Yang K, Lee C. Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2434-2443. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guehwan Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Joo‐Ah Kim
- Livestock Affairs Division Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Changnam Park
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungok Song
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Myoung Kang
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsu Yang
- Farm & Pharm Veterinary Hospital Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea
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Jang G, Kim EJ, Cho SC, Moon SU, Kim BS, Kim J, Jeong KJ, Song K, Mun SH, Kang WM, Lee J, Park C, Yang HS, Lee C. Field evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a classical swine fever virus E2 subunit vaccine in breeding and nursery animals on Jeju Island, South Korea. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:264-273. [DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guehwan Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Kim
- Animal Health Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Cho
- Animal Health Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sung-Up Moon
- Animal Health Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Byeong Soo Kim
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jinhee Kim
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ju Jeong
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Kyungok Song
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Mun
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Won-Myoung Kang
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Jonghoo Lee
- Jeju-si Livestock Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Changnam Park
- Seogwipo-si Livestock Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Yang
- Seogwipo-si Livestock Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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4
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Oh Y, Park Y, Choi BH, Park S, Gu S, Park J, Kim JK, Sohn EJ. Field Application of a New CSF Vaccine Based on Plant-Produced Recombinant E2 Marker Proteins on Pigs in Areas with Two Different Control Strategies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060537. [PMID: 34063818 PMCID: PMC8224019 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-modified live LOM (low-virulence strain of Miyagi) vaccine (MLV-LOM) to combat CSF has been used in places where the disease is prevalent around the world, including in Korea, except in Jeju Island. In general, modified live virus-based vaccines (MLV) are known to be highly effective in inducing immune responses. At the same time, MLVs also have potential dangers such as a circulation in the field. There is still a need for safer and more effective vaccines to control CSF in the field. In this study, we applied a new CSF vaccine based on plant-produced recombinant E2 marker proteins at two different locations, Jeju Island and a suburb of Pohang, using different CSF control strategies. The result suggested that vaccinated sows in Jeju Island highly developed immunogenicity and maintained stably until 102 days post-vaccination (dpv). Its piglets that received maternal antibodies were shown to carry high serological values and maintained them until 40 days of age, which was the end of the follow-up. Naïve piglets vaccinated at 40 days of age showed high serological values and these were maintained until 100 days of age (60 dpv), which was the end of the follow-up. The vaccine was also effective in inducing immune responses in newborn piglets that carried maternal antibodies received from MLV-LOM vaccine-immunized mother sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsu Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Youngmin Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Korea; (Y.P.); (B.-H.C.); (S.P.); (S.G.); (J.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Bo-Hwa Choi
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Korea; (Y.P.); (B.-H.C.); (S.P.); (S.G.); (J.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Soohong Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Korea; (Y.P.); (B.-H.C.); (S.P.); (S.G.); (J.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Sungmin Gu
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Korea; (Y.P.); (B.-H.C.); (S.P.); (S.G.); (J.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jungae Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Korea; (Y.P.); (B.-H.C.); (S.P.); (S.G.); (J.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Jong-Kook Kim
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Korea; (Y.P.); (B.-H.C.); (S.P.); (S.G.); (J.P.); (J.-K.K.)
| | - Eun-Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park Complex, 394 Jigok-ro, Pohang 37668, Korea; (Y.P.); (B.-H.C.); (S.P.); (S.G.); (J.P.); (J.-K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-223-2090; Fax: +80-54-223-2088
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Coronado L, Perera CL, Rios L, Frías MT, Pérez LJ. A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:154. [PMID: 33671909 PMCID: PMC7918945 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is, without any doubt, one of the most devasting viral infectious diseases affecting the members of Suidae family, which causes a severe impact on the global economy. The reemergence of CSF virus (CSFV) in several countries in America, Asia, and sporadic outbreaks in Europe, sheds light about the serious concern that a potential global reemergence of this disease represents. The negative aspects related with the application of mass stamping out policies, including elevated costs and ethical issues, point out vaccination as the main control measure against future outbreaks. Hence, it is imperative for the scientific community to continue with the active investigations for more effective vaccines against CSFV. The current review pursues to gather all the available information about the vaccines in use or under developing stages against CSFV. From the perspective concerning the evolutionary viral process, this review also discusses the current problematic in CSF-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Carmen L. Perera
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada;
| | - María T. Frías
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Lester J. Pérez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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Jang G, Kim JA, Yoo H, Yang K, Yang HS, Park C, Jeong K, Park CK, Lyoo YS, Lee C. Genomic characterization of classical swine fever virus LOM variants with 3'-UTR INDELs from pigs on Jeju Island, South Korea. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1691-1696. [PMID: 32394293 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) reemerged in naïve pig herds on Jeju Island, South Korea, due to the accidental introduction of the LOM vaccine strain in 2014. Since this reemergence, the previously CSFV-free region has experienced numerous outbreaks, causing the virus to become endemic in provincial herds. In this study, we determined the complete genome sequences and investigated the molecular characteristics of LOM-derived field CSFV strains with unique insertion-deletion (INDEL) mutations in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) that were responsible for ongoing sporadic outbreaks on Jeju Island in 2019. The Jeju LOM-derived variants that emerged in 2019 had their own INDEL signatures in the 3'-UTR, resulting in changes to the predicted secondary stem-loop structures. The genomes of these strains were 12,297-12,302 nucleotides in length, one nucleotide (nt) shorter or one, two, or four nt longer than the reference LOM strain. The 3'-UTR INDEL variants shared 98.8-99.0% and 98.3-98.6% identity with the LOM strain at the polyprotein and full-genome level, respectively. The total number of genetic variations between the LOM vaccine strain and the 3'-UTR INDEL isolates ranged from 161 to 202 and 37 to 45 at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. These mutations were broadly dispersed throughout the genome and particularly clustered in NS2 and the 3'-UTR, possibly triggering a reversion to low virulence and allowing the virus to adapt to improve its persistence in the field. This study provides important information about the genetic evolution of LOM-derived CSFV circulating in the free region, and suggests that it arose from continuous non-lethal mutations to ensure viral fitness in host animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guehwan Jang
- Animal Virology Laboratory, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ah Kim
- Animal Health Division, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63122, South Korea
| | - Hyekyung Yoo
- Farm and Pharm Veterinary Hospital, Jeju, 63029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsu Yang
- Farm and Pharm Veterinary Hospital, Jeju, 63029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seok Yang
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63344, South Korea
| | - Changnam Park
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63344, South Korea
| | - Kyongju Jeong
- Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, Jeju, 63344, South Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Young S Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Stoian AMM, Petrovan V, Constance LA, Olcha M, Dee S, Diel DG, Sheahan MA, Rowland RRR, Patterson G, Niederwerder MC. Stability of classical swine fever virus and pseudorabies virus in animal feed ingredients exposed to transpacific shipping conditions. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1623-1632. [PMID: 31999072 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are two of the most significant trade-limiting pathogens affecting swine worldwide. Both viruses are endemic to China where millions of kilograms of feed ingredients are manufactured and subsequently imported into the United States. Although stability and oral transmission of both viruses through contaminated pork products has been demonstrated as a risk factor for transboundary spread, stability in animal feed ingredients had yet to be investigated. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of CSFV and variant PRV in 12 animal feeds and ingredients exposed to environmental conditions simulating a 37-day transpacific shipment. Virus was detected by PCR, virus isolation and nursery pig bioassay. CSFV and PRV nucleic acids were stable throughout the 37-day period in all feed matrices. Infectious CSFV was detected in two ingredients (conventional soybean meal and pork sausage casings) at 37 days post-contamination, whereas infectious PRV was detected in nine ingredients (conventional and organic soybean meal, lysine, choline, vitamin D, moist cat and dog food, dry dog food and pork sausage casings). This study demonstrates the relative stability of CSFV and PRV in different feed ingredients under shipment conditions and provides evidence that feed ingredients may represent important risk factors for the transboundary spread of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M M Stoian
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Vlad Petrovan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Laura A Constance
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Matthew Olcha
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Scott Dee
- Pipestone Applied Research, Pipestone Veterinary Services, Pipestone, MN, USA
| | - Diego G Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Maureen A Sheahan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Raymond R R Rowland
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gilbert Patterson
- Center for Animal Health in Appalachia, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Megan C Niederwerder
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Adverse Effects of Classical Swine Fever Virus LOM Vaccine and Jeju LOM Strains in Pregnant Sows and Specific Pathogen-Free Pigs. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010018. [PMID: 31878101 PMCID: PMC7168605 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Jeju island of South Korea, a classical swine fever (CSF) non-vaccinated region, many pig farmers insisted on abortion and stillbirth in pregnant sows and high mortality of suckling/weaning piglets by circulating CSF virus from 2014 to 2018. We investigated whether CSF viruses isolated from pigs in Jeju Island (Jeju LOM) have recovered their pathogenicity by conducting experiments using pregnant sows and specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. The CSF modified live LOM vaccine (MLV-LOM) and Jeju LOM strains induced abortion and stillbirth in pregnant sows. Viral antigens were detected in the organs of fetuses and stillborn piglets in the absence of specific pathological lesions associated with the virulent CSF virus in both groups (MLV-LOM and Jeju LOM strain). However, antigen was detected in one newborn piglet from a sow inoculated with a Jeju LOM strain, suggesting that it may cause persistent infections in pigs. SPF pigs inoculated with the MLV-LOM or Jeju LOM strains were asymptomatic, but virus antigen was detected in several organ and blood samples. Virus shedding in both groups of animals was not detected in the feces or saliva until 21 days post inoculation. The serum concentration of the three major cytokines, IFN-α, TNF-α, and IL-10, known to be related to lymphocytopenia, were similar in both groups when the MLV-LOM or Jeju LOM strains were inoculated into SPF pigs. In conclusion, Jeju LOM strains exhibited most of the characteristics of the MLV-LOM in pigs and resulted in the same adverse effects as the MLV-LOM strain.
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Choe S, Kim JH, Kim KS, Song S, Kang WC, Kim HJ, Park GN, Cha RM, Cho IS, Hyun BH, Park BK, An DJ. Impact of a Live Attenuated Classical Swine Fever Virus Introduced to Jeju Island, a CSF-Free Area. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040251. [PMID: 31756940 PMCID: PMC6963429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we examine the effects of LOM(Low virulence of Miyagi) strains isolated from pigs (Jeju LOM strains) of Jeju Island, where vaccination with a live attenuated classical swine fever (CSF) LOM vaccine strain was stopped. The circulation of the Jeju LOM strains was mainly caused by a commercial swine erysipelas (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae) vaccine mixed with a LOM vaccine strain, which was inoculated into pregnant sows of 20 pig farms in 2014. The Jeju LOM strain was transmitted to 91 pig farms from 2015 to 2018. A histopathogenic investigation was performed for 25 farms among 111 farms affected by the Jeju LOM strain and revealed pigs infected with the Jeju LOM strain in combination with other pathogens, which resulted in the abortion of fetuses and mortality in suckling piglets. Histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining identified CSF-like lesions. Our results also confirm that the main transmission factor for the Jeju LOM strain circulation is the vehicles entering/exiting farms and slaughterhouses. Probability estimates of transmission between cohabiting pigs and pigs harboring the Jeju LOM strain JJ16LOM-YJK08 revealed that immunocompromised pigs showed horizontal transmission (r = 1.22). In a full genome analysis, we did not find genetic mutation on the site that is known to relate to pathogenicity between Jeju LOM strains (2014–2018) and the commercial LOM vaccine strain. However, we were not able to determine whether the Jeju LOM strain (2014–2018) is genetically the same virus as those of the commercial LOM vaccine due to several genetic variations in structure and non-structure proteins. Therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate the pathogenicity of the Jeju LOM strain in pregnant sow and SPF pigs and to clarify the characteristics of Jeju LOM and commercial LOM vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeEun Choe
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Island 63243, Korea;
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Sok Song
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Wan-Choul Kang
- Jeju Special Self-Governing Provincial Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Island 63344, Korea; (W.-C.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyeon-Ju Kim
- Jeju Special Self-Governing Provincial Veterinary Research Institute, Jeju Island 63344, Korea; (W.-C.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Gyu-Nam Park
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
- Colleage of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk 39660, Korea; (S.C.); (K.-S.K.); (S.S.); (G.-N.P.); (R.M.C.); (I.-S.C.); (B.-H.H.); (B.-K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-912-0795
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Lim SI, Choe S, Kim KS, Jeoung HY, Cha RM, Park GS, Shin J, Park GN, Cho IS, Song JY, Hyun BH, Park BK, An DJ. Assessment of the efficacy of an attenuated live marker classical swine fever vaccine (Flc-LOM-BE rns) in pregnant sows. Vaccine 2019; 37:3598-3604. [PMID: 31151802 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we constructed an attenuated live marker classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine (Flc-LOM-BErns) to eradicate CSF. This was done by taking infectious clone Flc-LOM, which is based on an attenuated live CSF vaccine virus (LOM strain), and removing the full-length classical swine fever virus (CSFV) Erns sequences and the 3' end (52 base pairs) of the CSFV capsid. These regions were substituted with the full-length bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) Erns gene sequence and the 3' end (52 base pairs) of the BVDV capsid gene. Sows were vaccinated with the Flc-LOM-BErns vaccine 3 weeks before insemination and then challenged with virulent CSFV at the early, mid- or late stages of pregnancy. We then examined transplacental transmission to the foetuses. Piglets born to sows vaccinated with Flc-LOM-BErns did not show vertical infection, regardless of challenge time. In addition, CSFV challenge did not affect the delivery date, weight or length of the foetus. Pregnant sows inoculated with the Flc-LOM-BErns vaccine were anti-CSF Erns antibody-negative and anti-BVDV Erns antibody-positive. Challenge of pregnant sows with virulent CSFV resulted in anti-CSF Erns antibody positivity. These results strongly indicate that differential diagnosis can be conducted between the Flc-LOM-BErns vaccinated animal and virulent CSFV affected animal by detecting antibody against BVDV Erns or CSF Erns gene. Therefore, the Flc-LOM-BErns vaccine may fulfil the function of differential diagnosis which required for DIVA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-In Lim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - SeEun Choe
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kim
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Ra Mi Cha
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Gil-Soon Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Gyu-Nam Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea
| | - Bong-Kyun Park
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Virus Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimchen, Gyeongbuk-do, 39660, South Korea.
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11
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Jang G, Kim J, Kang W, Yang H, Park C, Jeong K, Moon S, Park C, Lyoo Y, Lee C. Endemic outbreaks due to the re‐emergence of classical swine fever after accidental introduction of modified live LOM vaccine on Jeju Island, South Korea. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:634-639. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guehwan Jang
- Animal Virology Laboratory School of Life Sciences BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | - Joo‐Ah Kim
- Animal Health Division Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju South Korea
| | - Won‐Myoung Kang
- Animal Health Division Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju South Korea
| | - Hyoung‐Seok Yang
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju South Korea
| | - Changnam Park
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju South Korea
| | - Kyongju Jeong
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju South Korea
| | - Sung‐Up Moon
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju South Korea
| | - Choi‐Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine Kyungpook National University DaeguSouth Korea
| | - Young S. Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- Animal Virology Laboratory School of Life Sciences BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
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12
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Lim SI, Jeoung HY, Kim B, Song JY, Kim J, Kim HY, Cho IS, Woo GH, Lee JB, An DJ. Impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2 infection on the potency of the classical swine fever vaccine (LOM strain). Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:36-41. [PMID: 27599928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The classical swine fever (CSF) vaccine, which is derived from the LOM strain of the CSF virus (CSFV), induces protective immunity against CSFV infection. However, several factors influence vaccine efficacy. Evidence suggests that infection by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and/or porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) reduces the efficacy of several vaccines. Here, we examined the effect of PRRSV or PCV2 alone or co-infection by PRRSV/PCV2 on the potency of the LOM vaccine in pigs. Neither CSFV antibody levels nor the period during which CSFV antigens were detectable in LOM-vaccinated pigs were negatively affected by infection by PRRSV or PCV2. However, co-infection with PRRSV/PCV2 may affect the replication or activity of the CSF vaccine virus in pigs vaccinated with the LOM strain, although CSFV antibody levels were not negatively affected. Nevertheless, the LOM vaccine afforded complete protection against a virulent strain of CSFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-In Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon, Chungbuk 390-711, South Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Lim SI, Song JY, Kim J, Hyun BH, Kim HY, Cho IS, Kim B, Woo GH, Lee JB, An DJ. Safety of classical swine fever virus vaccine strain LOM in pregnant sows and their offspring. Vaccine 2016; 34:2021-6. [PMID: 26947495 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) vaccine strain LOM in pregnant sows. Pregnant sows with free CSFV antibody were inoculated with a commercial LOM vaccine during early pregnancy (day 38; n=3) or mid-pregnancy (days 49-59; n=11). In pregnant sows vaccinated during the early stages of gestation, abortion (day 109) was observed in one case, with two stillbirths and seven mummified fetuses. The viability of live-born piglets was 34.9% in sows vaccinated during mid-pregnancy compared with 81.8% in the control group. Post-mortem examination of the organs of the sows and piglets did not reveal any pathological lesions caused by CSFV; however, CSFV RNA was detected in the organs of several vaccinated sows and their litters. The LOM strain was transmitted from sows with free CSFV antibody to their fetus, but did not appear to induce immune tolerance in the offspring from vaccinated pregnant sows. Side effects were not observed in pregnant sows with antibody to the LOM strain: transmission from sow to their litters and stillbirth or mummified fetuses. The LOM strain may induce sterile immunity and provide rapid, long-lasting, and complete protection against CSFV; however, it should be contraindicated in pregnant sows due to potential adverse effects in pregnant sows with free CSFV antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-In Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Song
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea
| | - Jaejo Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea
| | - Bang-Hun Hyun
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea
| | - In-Soo Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeong Woo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Semyung-ro 65, Jecheon, Chungbuk 390-711, South Korea
| | - Jung-Bok Lee
- Konkuk University, 1 Hawayangdong Gwangjingu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
| | - Dong-Jun An
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (QIA), 175 Anayangro Manangu Anyangsi, Gyeonggido 430-824, South Korea.
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14
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The dilemma of rare events: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in North America. Prev Vet Med 2015; 122:235-41. [PMID: 26318527 PMCID: PMC7132378 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been recognized as a swine pathogen for 40 years, but until 2013 had not been detected in the Western Hemisphere. From originally causing a relatively mild and sporadic disease, PEDV has been more recently associated with severe outbreaks of diarrheal disease in Asia, and subsequently North America. PEDV shares some important characteristics with two major pandemic viruses (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus; porcine circovirus type 2) of pigs that have high rates of mutation and high host specificity, and appear to have been present in the swine virome for decades prior to emerging to cause severe clinical disease. A unique feature of the PEDV in North America has been the implication of feed as a vehicle for transmission, with particular concerns related to ingredients of porcine origin. The importance of relatively rare events in contributing to both the emergence and transmission of PEDV is discussed in relation to approaches for managing the associated risks.
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15
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Kim YK, Lim SI, Kim JJ, Cho YY, Song JY, Cho IS, Hyun BH, Choi SH, Kim SH, Park EH, An DJ. Surveillance of classical swine fever in wild boar in South Korea from 2010-2014. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 77:1667-71. [PMID: 26178821 PMCID: PMC4710727 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious systemic hemorrhagic viral disease of
pigs. Wild boar plays a crucial role in the epidemiology of CSF. Between 2010 and 2014,
samples were collected nationwide from 6,654 wild boars hunted in South Korea. Anti-CSF
antibodies were identified in 0.59% (39 of 6,654) of the wild boar samples using a virus
neutralization test and were primarily detected in wild boars living close to the
demilitarized zone and the area of the Taebaek Mountains surroundings. The CSF virus
(subgroup 2.1b) was isolated from two wild boars captured in a nearby border area. The
criteria used to define high-risk areas for targeted CSF surveillance in South Korea
should be further expanded to include other regions nationwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kwan Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, 430-824, Republic of Korea
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16
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Jung M, Shin YJ, Kim J, Cha SB, Lee WJ, Shin MK, Shin SW, Yang MS, Jang YS, Kwon TH, Yoo HS. Induction of immune responses in mice and pigs by oral administration of classical swine fever virus E2 protein expressed in rice calli. Arch Virol 2014; 159:3219-30. [PMID: 25091740 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by the CSF virus (CSFV), is a highly contagious disease in pigs. In Korea, vaccination using a live-attenuated strain (LOM strain) has been used to control the disease. However, parenteral vaccination using a live-attenuated strain still faces a number of problems related to storage, cost, injection stress, and differentiation of CSFV infected and vaccinated pigs. Therefore, two kinds of new candidates for oral vaccination have been developed based on the translation of the E2 gene of the SW03 strain, which was isolated from an outbreak of CSF in 2002 in Korea, in transgenic rice calli (TRCs) from Oriza sativa L. cv. Dongjin to express a recombinant E2 protein (rE2-TRCs). The expression of the recombinant E2 protein (rE2) in rE2-TRCs was confirmed using Northern blot, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot analysis. Immune responses to the rE2-TRC in mice and pigs were investigated after oral administration. The administration of rE2-TRCs increased E2-specific antibodies titers and antibody-secreting cells when compared to animals receiving the vector alone (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). In addition, mice receiving rE2-TRCs had a higher level of CD8+ lymphocytes and Th1 cytokine immune responses to purified rE2 (prE2) in vitro than the controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). Pigs receiving rE2-TRCs also showed an increase in IL-8, CCL2, and the CD8+ subpopulation in response to stimulation with prE2. These results suggest that oral administration of rE2-TRCs can induce E2-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Infectious diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Korea
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17
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Widén F, Everett H, Blome S, Fernandez Pinero J, Uttenthal A, Cortey M, von Rosen T, Tignon M, Liu L. Comparison of two real-time RT-PCR assays for differentiation of C-strain vaccinated from classical swine fever infected pigs and wild boars. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:455-7. [PMID: 25017044 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever is one of the most important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide due to its economic impact. Vaccination is an effective means to control disease, however within the EU its regular use is banned owing to the inability to differentiate infected and vaccinated animals, the so called DIVA principle. This inability complicates monitoring of disease and stops international trade thereby limiting use of the vaccine in many regions. The C-strain vaccine is safe to use and gives good protection. It is licensed for emergency vaccination in the EU in event of an outbreak. Two genetic assays that can distinguish between wild type virus and C-strain vaccines have recently been developed. Here the results from a comparison of these two real-time RT-PCR assays in an interlaboratory exercise are presented. Both assays showed similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Widén
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, The National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - H Everett
- Virology Department, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Addlestone, UK
| | - S Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | - A Uttenthal
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-VET), Lindholm, Kalvehave, Denmark
| | - M Cortey
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, The National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T von Rosen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-VET), Lindholm, Kalvehave, Denmark
| | - M Tignon
- Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre CODA-CERVA, Uccle, Brussel, Belgium
| | - L Liu
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, The National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Song JY, Lim SI, Jeoung HY, Choi EJ, Hyun BH, Kim B, Kim J, Shin YK, dela Pena RC, Kim JB, Joo H, An DJ. Prevalence of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs in South Korea: 1999-2011. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 60:546-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01371.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. -Y. Song
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - S. I. Lim
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - H. Y. Jeoung
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - E. -J. Choi
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - B. -H. Hyun
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - B. Kim
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - J. Kim
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - Y. -K. Shin
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - R. C. dela Pena
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
| | - J. B. Kim
- MEDIAN Diagnostic Inc; Chuncheon Gangwon-do Korea
| | - H. Joo
- MEDIAN Diagnostic Inc; Chuncheon Gangwon-do Korea
| | - D. J. An
- Virus Disease Division; Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency; Anyang Gyeonggi-do Korea
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19
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Park GS, Lim SI, Hong SH, Song JY. Establishment and characterization of an infectious cDNA clone of a classical swine fever virus LOM strain. J Vet Sci 2012; 13:81-91. [PMID: 22437540 PMCID: PMC3317462 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2012.13.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes a highly contagious disease among swine that has an important economic impact worldwide. CSFV strain LOM is an attenuated virus of low virulent strain of Miyagi isolated from Japan in 1956. Eight DNA fragments representing the genome of the CSFV strain LOM were obtained by RT-PCR. These were used to determine the complete nucleotide sequence and construct a full-length cDNA clone which was called Flc-LOM. Sequence analysis of the recombinant clone (Flc-LOM) revealed the presence of eight mutations, resulting in two amino acid substitutions, when compared to the parental sequence. RNA transcripts of both LOM and Flc-LOM were directly infectious in PK-15 cells. The rescued Flc-LOM virus grew more slowly than the parental virus, LOM, in the cells. Intramuscular immunization with Flc-LOM was safe and highly immunogenic in pigs; no clinical signs or virus transmission to sentinel animals were observed after 35 days. CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected 14 days post-infection. After challenge with the virulent CSFV strain SW03, pigs immunized with Flc-LOM were shown to be fully protected. Thus, our newly established infectious clone of CSFV, Flc-LOM, could serve as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil-Soon Park
- DNA Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul 158-707, Korea
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20
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Improved sero-monitoring assay for classical swine fever (CSF) using the recombinant E2 protein of a recent Korean isolate. Res Vet Sci 2011; 90:329-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Jun HR, Pham CD, Lim SI, Lee SC, Kim YS, Park S, Kwon MH. An RNA-hydrolyzing recombinant antibody exhibits an antiviral activity against classical swine fever virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 395:484-9. [PMID: 20382124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some proteins with ribonuclease (RNase) activity have been shown to suppress viral replication. A well-characterized recombinant antibody, 3D8 single-chain variable fragment (3D8 scFv), has RNA-hydrolyzing and cell-penetrating activities. Here, we investigated antiviral activity of 3D8 scFv against classical swine fever virus (CSFV). In a cell line expressing 3D8 scFv (C26), intracellular RNA-hydrolysis activity was higher compared to control PK-15 cells and viral replication was strongly suppressed at the viral RNA level, with the evidence of independency of IFN-alpha/beta induction. Exogenous treatment of 3D8 scFv, prior to or post-CSFV infection, was also shown to suppress CSFV replication at the viral RNA level. These observations suggest that antiviral activity of 3D8 scFv may be due to the intrinsic RNase activity of 3D8 scFv, which is capable of targeting viral RNA genomes or transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ryeong Jun
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5, Wonchon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-721, Republic of Korea
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