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Gram-Kampmann EM, Olesen TB, Hansen CD, Hugger MB, Jensen JM, Handberg A, Beck-Nielsen H, Krag A, Olsen MH, Højlund K. A six-month low-carbohydrate diet high in fat does not adversely affect endothelial function or markers of low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: an open-label randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:212. [PMID: 37592243 PMCID: PMC10436534 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) reduces HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the associated high intake of fat may adversely affect cardiovascular risk factors. To address this, we examined the effect of a non-calorie-restricted LCD high in fat on endothelial function and markers of low-grade inflammation in T2D over 6 months. METHODS In an open-label randomized controlled trial, 71 patients with T2D were randomized 2:1 to either a LCD (< 20 E% carbohydrates, 50-60 E% fat) or a control diet (50-60 E% carbohydrates, 20-30 E% fat) for six months. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID) were assessed by ultrasound in the brachial artery together with plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in the participants at baseline (n = 70) and after six months (n = 64). RESULTS The FMD and NID were unaltered in both groups after six months, and there were no between-group differences in change of either FMD (p = 0.34) or NID (p = 0.53) in response to the interventions. The circulating hsCRP and IL-6 levels decreased only in response to LCD (both p < 0.05). However, comparing changes over time with the control diet, the LCD did not reduce either IL-6 (p = 0.25) or hsCRP (p = 0.07) levels. The lack of changes in FMD and NID in response to LCD persisted after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION A LCD high in fat for six months does not adversely affect endothelial function or selected markers of low-grade inflammation, which suggests that this nutritional approach does not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03068078).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Gram-Kampmann
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Entrance 112, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Olesen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Entrance 112, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Camilla D Hansen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mie B Hugger
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jane M Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Ålborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Ålborg, Denmark
| | - Henning Beck-Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Entrance 112, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael H Olsen
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Holbæk Hospital, and Steno Diabetes Center Zealand, Holbæk, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Entrance 112, 5000, Odense, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Choroszy M, Środa-Pomianek K, Wawrzyńska M, Chmielarz M, Bożemska E, Sobieszczańska B. The Role of Palmitic Acid in the Co-Toxicity of Bacterial Metabolites to Endothelial Cells. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2023; 19:399-409. [PMID: 37426328 PMCID: PMC10329449 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s408897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic endotoxemia most often results from obesity and is accompanied by an increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing co-absorption of bacterial metabolites and diet-derived fatty acids into the bloodstream. A high-fat diet (HFD) leading to obesity is a significant extrinsic factor in developing vascular atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the effects of palmitic acid (PA) as a representative of long-chain saturated fatty acids (LCSFA) commonly present in HFDs, along with endotoxin (LPS; lipopolysaccharide) and uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS), on human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs viability was measured based on tetrazolium salt metabolism, and cell morphology was assessed with fluorescein-phalloidin staining of cells' actin cytoskeleton. The effects of simultaneous treatment of endothelial cells with PA, LPS, and IS on nitro-oxidative stress in vascular cells were evaluated quantitatively with fluorescent probes. The expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM-1, E-selectin, and occludin, an essential tight junction protein, in HUVECs treated with these metabolites was evaluated in Western blot. Results PA, combined with LPS and IS, did not influence HUVECs viability but induced stress on actin fibers and focal adhesion complexes. Moreover, PA combined with LPS significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in HUVECs but decreased nitric oxide (NO) generation. PA also considerably increased the expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin in HUVECs treated with LPS or IS but decreased occludin expression. Conclusion Palmitic acid enhances the toxic effect of metabolic endotoxemia on the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Choroszy
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Środa-Pomianek
- Department of Biophysics and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Department of Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Chmielarz
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Bożemska
- Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Johannes C, Moremi KE, Kemp MC, Whati L, Engel-Hills P, Kidd M, van Toorn R, Jaftha M, van Rensburg SJ, Kotze MJ. Pathology-supported genetic testing presents opportunities for improved disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis. Per Med 2023; 20:107-130. [PMID: 37194915 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Lipid metabolism may impact disability in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Methods: Fifty-one pwMS entered an ultrasound and MRI study, of whom 19 had followed a pathology-supported genetic testing program for more than 10 years (pwMS-ON). Genetic variation, blood biochemistry, vascular blood flow velocities, diet and exercise were investigated. Results: pwMS-ON had significantly lower (p < 0.01) disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale) than pwMS not on the program (1.91 ± 0.75 vs 3.87 ± 2.32). A genetic variant in the lipid transporter FABP2 gene (rs1799883; 2445G>A, A54T) was significantly associated (p < 0.01) with disability in pwMS not on the program, but not in pwMS-ON (p = 0.88). Vascular blood flow velocities were lower in the presence of the A-allele. Conclusion: Pathology-supported genetic testing may provide guidance for lifestyle interventions with a significant impact on improved disability in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Johannes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7500, South Africa
| | - Kelebogile E Moremi
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, & National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, 7500, South Africa
| | - Merlisa C Kemp
- Department of Medical Imaging & Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville campus, Cape Town, 7530, South Africa
| | | | - Penelope Engel-Hills
- Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, 7530, South Africa
| | - Martin Kidd
- Department of Statistics & Actuarial Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Ronald van Toorn
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7500, South Africa
| | - Mariaan Jaftha
- Department of Medical Imaging & Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, 7530, South Africa
- Cape University Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925 South Africa
| | - Susan J van Rensburg
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7500, South Africa
| | - Maritha J Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, & National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, 7500, South Africa
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4
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Ivanova GT. Reactivity of Mesenteric Arteries in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Rats Fed on a High-Fat Diet. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093023010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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Roberts KA, Draijer R, Hopkins ND, de Graaf Y, Holder SM, Carter SE, Thijssen DHJ, Low DA. Impact of green tea on the deleterious cardiometabolic effects of 7-days unhealthy lifestyle in young healthy males. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14720. [PMID: 33682367 PMCID: PMC7937942 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine if catechin-rich green tea abrogates the negative effects of 7-days of physical inactivity and excessive calorie-intake on insulin homeostasis and peripheral vascular function. METHODS Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, twelve healthy men (29 ± 6 yrs) underwent 7-days unhealthy lifestyle (UL), including physical inactivity (-50% steps/day) and overfeeding (+50% kcal/day). This was combined with green tea consumption (UL-tea; 3 doses/day) or placebo (UL-placebo). Before and after each intervention, we examined postprandial blood glucose and insulin (3-h after a 1,202 kcal meal) and upper and lower limb vascular function (flow-mediated dilation (FMD%)) and carotid artery reactivity (CAR%). RESULTS UL-placebo increased postprandial glucose and insulin, while UL-tea decreased postprandial glucose and insulin (Time*Intervention interaction effects: both p < 0.05). UL-placebo decreased CAR% and femoral FMD%, while UL-tea prevented these effects (Time*Intervention interaction effects of p < 0.04 and p < 0.001, respectively). There was no main effect of Time or Time*Intervention interaction (both p > 0.05) for brachial FMD%. CONCLUSION Seven days of physical inactivity and overfeeding impair insulin homeostasis and vascular function. These effects were mitigated by a daily intake of catechin-rich green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty A Roberts
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Draijer
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola D Hopkins
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Young de Graaf
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie M Holder
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sophie E Carter
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dick H J Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Physiology, Research Institute for Health Science, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David A Low
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Impact of Lifestyles (Diet and Exercise) on Vascular Health: Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1496462. [PMID: 33062134 PMCID: PMC7533760 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1496462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Healthy lifestyle and diet are associated with significant reduction in risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress and the imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Changes in antioxidant capacity of the body may lead to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Diet is an important source of antioxidants, while exercise offers many health benefits as well. Recent findings have evidenced that diet and physical factors are correlated to oxidative stress. Diet and physical factors have debatable roles in modulating oxidative stress and effects on the endothelium. Since endothelium and oxidative stress play critical roles in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, dietary and physical factors could have significant implications on prevention of the diseases. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the impact of diet manipulation and physical factors on endothelium and oxidative stress, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We discuss the friend-and-foe role of dietary modification (including different diet styles, calorie restriction, and nutrient supplementation) on endothelium and oxidative stress, as well as the potential benefits and concerns of physical activity and exercise on endothelium and oxidative stress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and antioxidants is important for normal functions in the cells and interfering with this balance may lead to unfavorable effects. Further studies are needed to identify the best diet composition and exercise intensity.
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7
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Salinero AE, Robison LS, Gannon OJ, Riccio D, Mansour F, Abi-Ghanem C, Zuloaga KL. Sex-specific effects of high-fat diet on cognitive impairment in a mouse model of VCID. FASEB J 2020; 34:15108-15122. [PMID: 32939871 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000085r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mid-life metabolic disease (ie, obesity, diabetes, and prediabetes) causes vascular dysfunction and is a risk factor for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), particularly in women. Using middle-aged mice, we modeled metabolic disease (obesity/prediabetes) via chronic high-fat (HF) diet and modeled VCID via unilateral common carotid artery occlusion. VCID impaired spatial memory in both sexes, but episodic-like memory in females only. HF diet caused greater weight gain and glucose intolerance in middle-aged females than males. HF diet alone impaired episodic-like memory in both sexes, but spatial memory in females only. Finally, the combination of HF diet and VCID elicited cognitive impairments in all tests, in both sexes. Sex-specific correlations were found between metabolic outcomes and memory. Notably, both visceral fat and the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha correlated with spatial memory deficits in middle-aged females, but not males. Overall, our data show that HF diet causes greater metabolic impairment and a wider array of cognitive deficits in middle-aged females than males. The combination of HF diet with VCID elicits deficits across multiple cognitive domains in both sexes. Our data are in line with clinical data, which shows that mid-life metabolic disease increases VCID risk, particularly in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - David Riccio
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Febronia Mansour
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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8
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Flori L, Macaluso M, Taglieri I, Sanmartin C, Sgherri C, De Leo M, Ciccone V, Donnini S, Venturi F, Pistelli L, Martelli A, Calderone V, Testai L, Zinnai A. Development of Fortified Citrus Olive Oils: From Their Production to Their Nutraceutical Properties on the Cardiovascular System. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1557. [PMID: 32471156 PMCID: PMC7352984 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Recently the use of food by-products as natural sources of biologically active substances has been extensively investigated especially for the development of functional foods fortified with natural antioxidants. Due to their content of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, flavonoids and limonoids, citrus peels could be suitable to formulate enriched olive oils able to boost healthy nutrition. The aim of this study was: (i) to determine the compositional and sensory profiles of citrus olive oil; and (ii) to evaluate its nutraceutical properties in rats with high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress. The results obtained show the potential of using citrus peels as a source of bioactive compounds to improve the sensory profile as well as the phytochemical composition of olive oil. We demonstrated that the production system of Citrus x aurantium olive oil and Citrus limon olive oil improves its organoleptic properties without altering its beneficial effects, which, like control extra virgin olive oil, showed protective effects relating to glucose and serum lipid levels, metabolic activity of adipocytes, myocardial tissue functionality, oxidative stress markers and endothelial function at blood vessel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
| | - Monica Macaluso
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Isabella Taglieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Chiara Sanmartin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Sgherri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
| | - Marinella De Leo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (S.D.)
- Toscana Life Sciences Str. del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (V.C.); (S.D.)
- Toscana Life Sciences Str. del Petriccio e Belriguardo 35, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Venturi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.M.); (I.T.); (C.S.); (F.V.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Zinnai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (M.D.L.); (L.P.); (A.M.); (V.C.); (A.Z.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Gorshkov AY, Fedorovich AA, Drapkina OM. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: cause or effect? КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2019. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2019-6-62-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Preventive Medicine
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10
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Grandl G, Wolfrum C. Hemostasis, endothelial stress, inflammation, and the metabolic syndrome. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:215-224. [PMID: 29209827 PMCID: PMC5809518 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are two of the pressing healthcare problems of our time. The MS is defined as increased abdominal obesity in concert with elevated fasting glucose levels, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and plasma lipids. It is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and for cardiovascular complications and mortality. Here, we review work demonstrating that various aspects of coagulation and hemostasis, as well as vascular reactivity and function, become impaired progressively during chronic ingestion of a western diet, but also acutely after meals. We outline that both T2DM and cardiovascular disease should be viewed as inflammatory diseases and describe that chronic overload of free fatty acids and glucose can trigger inflammatory pathways directly or via increased production of ROS. We propose that since endothelial stress and increases in platelet activity precede inflammation and overt symptoms of the MS, they are likely the first hit. This suggests that endothelial activation and insulin resistance are probably causative in the observed chronic low-level metabolic inflammation, and thus both metabolic and cardiovascular complications linked to consumption of a western diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Grandl
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 13, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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Lambert EA, Phillips S, Belski R, Tursunalieva A, Eikelis N, Sari CI, Dixon JB, Straznicky N, Grima M, Head GA, Schlaich M, Lambert GW. Endothelial Function in Healthy Young Individuals Is Associated with Dietary Consumption of Saturated Fat. Front Physiol 2017; 8:876. [PMID: 29170641 PMCID: PMC5684178 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A diet rich in fat, in particular saturated fat (SF), may be linked to cardiovascular disease development, possibly due to a detrimental effect of fat on endothelial function (EF). Objective: We aimed to determine whether the habitual SF intake [as a ratio to total fat (the sum of saturated, polyunsaturated, and monounsaturated fat)] might influence endothelial function in young, overweight but otherwise healthy adults. Design: Sixty-nine young adults (49 males, mean age: 23 ± 1 years, mean BMI: 29.1 ± 0.8 kg/m2) were classified into three tertiles according to their habitual SF intake consumption (low SF: <39%, medium SF 39.1–43.7%, and high SF: >43.7% of total fat). Endothelial function was assessed using digital amplitude tonometry. Results: The three groups of individuals were comparable for total energy intake and calories from: fat, protein, and carbohydrates. There was no difference in anthropometric and hemodynamic variables among the groups. Those in the high SF group presented with impaired endothelial function [reactive hyperemia index (RHI): high SF: 1.60 ± 0.08 compared to 2.23 ± 0.16 in the medium SF and 2.12 ± 0.14 in the low SF group, P < 0.01]. Regression analysis, including gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index indicated that the ratio of SF to total fat was an independent predictor of the RHI (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The habitual consumption of a diet high in SF in relation to polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat was strongly associated with impaired endothelial function in young overweight adults, potentially contributing to increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Lambert
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Phillips
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Regina Belski
- Department of Health Professions, School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Ainura Tursunalieva
- Department of Statistics Data Science and Epidemiology, School of Health Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolina I Sari
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - John B Dixon
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Obesity Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of General Practice, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nora Straznicky
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Mariee Grima
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey A Head
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine-Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.,Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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The Impact of Macronutrients on Retinal Microvasculature among Singapore Pregnant Women during the Mid-Late Gestation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160704. [PMID: 27508392 PMCID: PMC4979959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Imbalanced macronutrient intakes can induce impairment of endothelial and vascular function, and further lead to metabolic and cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the influence of such diets on endothelial and vascular dysfunction in pregnant women, even though high-fat diet is a known risk for pregnancy complications such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Objective We aimed to assess the association between maternal macronutrient intakes (protein, fat and carbohydrates), dietary quality and retinal microvascular changes in a multi-ethnic Asian mother-offspring cohort. Methods Pregnant women (n = 614) with singleton pregnancies were recruited during their first trimester from June 2009 to Sep 2010. Maternal diet quality and macronutrient intakes, expressed as a percentage of total energy during pregnancy, were ascertained using 24 hr recalls and 3 d food diaries at 26–28 weeks gestation. Retinal examination was completed at the same clinic visit. Dietary quality was assessed and scored using the Health Eating Index in Asian Pregnant women (HEI-AP), while macronutrients intakes ware expressed as percentages of total energy and further log transformed for analysis. Associations were examined cross-sectionally by substitution models with the use of multiple linear regression. Results In adjusted model, each 20 points decrease in HEI-AP score was associated with a significant increase of 1.70 μm (p<0.05) in retinal venular calibre. Each 0.1 log increase in percentage of total fat intake was associated with a significant increment of 1.84 μm (p<0.05) in retinal venular caliber. Additionally, each 0.1 log increase in percentage of mono-unsaturated fat intake was associated with an increment of 1.84 μm (p<0.01) in retinal venular caliber. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, we found that women with higher fat and lower protein intakes, and lower diet quality tended to have wider retinal venular caliber, which is suggestive of suboptimal microvasculature.
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