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O'Malley CA, Fullerton CL, Mauger AR. Analysing experienced and inexperienced cyclists' attentional focus and self-regulatory strategies during varying intensities of fixed perceived effort cycling: A mixed method study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102544. [PMID: 37844746 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Using a think aloud approach during fixed perceived effort exercise is a unique method to explore the decision-making processes that guide the self-regulation of perceived effort during endurance-based activity. In a two-part study, authors investigated the attentional focus and self-regulatory strategies associated with: Part A - perceived effort corresponding to (RPEGET) and above gas exchange threshold (RPE+15%GET); Part B - between experienced and inexperienced cyclists during fixed perceived effort cycling tasks. Eighteen (15 male, 3 female) healthy, active individuals completed three visits (visit 1 - ramped incremental test and familiarisation, visit 2 and 3-30-min fixed perceived effort cycling). During which, power output, heart rate, lactate, think aloud, and perceptual markers were taken. Random-intercepts linear mixed-effects models assessed the condition, time, and condition × time interactions on all dependent variables. Power output, heart rate, lactate and instances of internal sensory monitoring (t195=2.57,p=.011,β=0.95[0.23,1.68]) and self-regulation (t195=4.14,p=.001,β=1.69[0.89,2.49]) were significantly higher in the RPE+15%GET versus RPEGET trial. No significant differences between inexperienced and experienced cyclists for internal sensory monitoring (t196=-1.78,p=.095,β=-1.73[-3.64,0.18]) or self-regulatory thoughts (t196=-0.39,p=.699,β=-1.06[-6.32,4.21]) were noted but there were significant condition × time interactions for internal monitoring (t196=2.02,p=.045,β=0.44[0.01,0.87]) and self-regulation (t196=3.45,p=.001,β=0.85[0.37,1.33]). Seemingly, experienced athletes associatively attended to internal psychophysiological state and subsequently self-regulate their psychophysiological state at earlier stages of exercise than inexperienced athletes. This is the first study to exhibit the differences in attentional focus and self-regulatory strategies that are activated based on perceived effort intensity and experience level in cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A O'Malley
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7PE, UK; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | - C L Fullerton
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7PE, UK; Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - A R Mauger
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7PE, UK
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Smith RW, Housh TJ, Arnett JE, Anders JPV, Neltner TJ, Ortega DG, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Utilizing the RPE-Clamp model to examine interactions among factors associated with perceived fatigability and performance fatigability in women and men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1397-1409. [PMID: 36856798 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine the interactions between perceived fatigability and performance fatigability in women and men by utilizing the RPE-Clamp model to assess the fatigue-induced effects of a sustained, isometric forearm flexion task anchored to RPE = 8 on time to task failure (TTF), torque, and neuromuscular responses. METHODS Twenty adults (10 men and 10 women) performed two, 3 s forearm flexion maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) followed by a sustained, isometric forearm flexion task anchored to RPE = 8 using the OMNI-RES (0-10) scale at an elbow joint angle of 100°. Electromyographic amplitude (EMG AMP) was recorded from the biceps brachii. Torque and EMG AMP values resulting from the sustained task were normalized to the pretest MVIC. Neuromuscular efficiency was defined as NME = normalized torque/normalized EMG AMP. Mixed factorial ANOVAs and Bonferroni corrected dependent t tests and independent t tests were used to examine differences across time and between sex for torque and neuromuscular parameters. RESULTS There were no differences between the women and men for the fatigue-induced decreases in torque, EMG AMP, or NME, and the mean decreases (collapsed across sex) were 50.3 ± 8.6 to 2.8 ± 2.9% MVIC, 54.7 ± 12.0 to 19.6 ± 5.3% MVIC, and 0.94 ± 0.19 to 0.34 ± 0.16, respectively. Furthermore, there were no differences between the women and men for TTF (251.8 ± 74.1 vs. 258.7 ± 77.9 s). CONCLUSION The results suggested that the voluntary reductions in torque to maintain RPE and the decreases in NME were likely due to group III/IV afferent feedback from peripheral fatigue that resulted in excitation-contraction coupling failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Smith
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA.
- , 840 N 14th Street, Lincoln, NE, 68508, USA.
| | - Terry J Housh
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Jocelyn E Arnett
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - John Paul V Anders
- The Exercise Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43017, USA
| | - Tyler J Neltner
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Dolores G Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
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Smith RW, Housh TJ, Anders JPV, Neltner TJ, Arnett JE, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Application of the Ratings of Perceived Exertion-Clamp Model to Examine the Effects of Joint Angle on the Time Course of Torque and Neuromuscular Responses During a Sustained, Isometric Forearm Flexion to Task Failure. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 37:1023-1033. [PMID: 36730581 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Human Performance Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska
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Fukuhara S, Oka H. A Simplified Analysis of Real-time Monitoring of Muscle Contraction during Dynamic Exercise Using an MMG/EMG Hybrid Transducer System. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.8.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Fukuhara
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare
| | - Hisao Oka
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering of Health Systems, Okayama University
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Tomko PM, Colquhoun RJ, Magrini MA, Muddle TW, Jenkins ND. Global electromyographic signal characteristics depend on maximal isometric contraction method in the knee extensors. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2018; 42:111-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Keller JL, Housh TJ, Hill EC, Smith CM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Neuromuscular responses of recreationally active women during a sustained, submaximal isometric leg extension muscle action at a constant perception of effort. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2499-2508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Combes A, Dekerle J, Bougault V, Daussin FN. Physiological comparison of intensity-controlled, isocaloric intermittent and continuous exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:1368-1375. [PMID: 29975588 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1491627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
VO2 fluctuations are argued to be an important mechanism underpinning chronic adaptations following interval training. We compared the effect of exercise modality, continuous vs. intermittent realized at a same intensity, on electrical muscular activity, muscular oxygenation and on whole body oxygen uptake. Twelve participants (24 ± 5 years; VO2peak: 43 ± 6 mL· min-1·kg-1) performed (i) an incremental test to exhaustion to determine peak work rate (WRpeak); two randomized isocaloric exercises at 70%WRpeak; (ii) 1 bout of 30 min; (iii) 30 bouts of 1 min work intercepted with 1 min passive recovery. For electromyography, only the CON exercise showed change for the vastus lateralis root-mean-square (+6.4 ± 5.1%, P < .01, 95%CI 3.2, 8.3) and mean power frequency (-5.2 ± 4.8, P < .01, 95%CI -8.2, -3.5). Metabolic fluctuations (i.e. Oxygen Fluctuation Index and HHb Fluctuation Index) were higher in the intermittent modality, while post-exercise blood lactate concentrations (4.80 ± 1.50 vs. 2.32 ± 1.21 mM, respectively, for the CON and INT, P < .01, 95%CI 1.72, 3.12) and the time spent over 90% of VO2 target (1644 ± 152 vs. 356 ± 301 sec, respectively, for the CON and INT, P < .01, 95%CI 1130, 1446) were higher in the continuous modality. In conclusion, despite a similar energy expenditure and intensity, intermittent and continuous exercises showed two very different physiological responses. The intermittent modality would lead to a larger recruitment of fast twitch fibres that are less mitochondria-equipped and therefore may be more likely respondent to mitochondrial adaptations. In addition, this modality induces greater metabolic variations, a stimulus who could lead to mitochondrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Combes
- a Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - EA 7369 - URePSSS, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale , Lille , France
| | - Jeanne Dekerle
- b Centre for Sport, Exercise Science and Medicine (SESAME) , University of Brighton , Eastbourne , UK
| | - Valérie Bougault
- a Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - EA 7369 - URePSSS, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale , Lille , France
| | - Frédéric N Daussin
- a Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport Santé Société - EA 7369 - URePSSS, Univ. Lille, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale , Lille , France
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Papcke C, Krueger E, Olandoski M, Nogueira-Neto GN, Nohama P, Scheeren EM. Investigation of the Relationship Between Electrical Stimulation Frequency and Muscle Frequency Response Under Submaximal Contractions. Artif Organs 2018; 42:655-663. [PMID: 29574805 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common tool that is used in clinical and laboratory experiments and can be combined with mechanomyography (MMG) for biofeedback in neuroprostheses. However, it is not clear if the electrical current applied to neuromuscular tissues influences the MMG signal in submaximal contractions. The objective of this study is to investigate whether the electrical stimulation frequency influences the mechanomyographic frequency response of the rectus femoris muscle during submaximal contractions. Thirteen male participants performed three maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) recorded in isometric conditions to determine the maximal force of knee extensors. This was followed by the application of nine modulated NMES frequencies (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 75, and 100 Hz) to evoke 5% MVIC. Muscle behavior was monitored by the analysis of MMG signals, which were decomposed into frequency bands by using a Cauchy wavelet transform. For each applied electrical stimulus frequency, the mean MMG spectral/frequency response was estimated for each axis (X, Y, and Z axes) of the MMG sensor with the values of the frequency bands used as weights (weighted mean). Only with respect to the Z (perpendicular) axis of the MMG signal, the stimulus frequency of 20 Hz did not exhibit any difference with the weighted mean (P = 0.666). For the frequencies of 20 and 25 Hz, the MMG signal displayed the bands between 12 and 16 Hz in the three axes (P < 0.050). In the frequencies from 30 to 100 Hz, the muscle presented a higher concentration of the MMG signal between the 22 and 29 Hz bands for the X and Z axes, and between 16 and 34 Hz bands for the Y axis (P < 0.050 for all cases). We observed that MMG signals are not dependent on the applied NMES frequency, because their frequency contents tend to mainly remain between the 20- and 25-Hz bands. Hence, NMES does not interfere with the use of MMG in neuroprosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caluê Papcke
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eddy Krueger
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Anatomy Department, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marcia Olandoski
- Medical School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Percy Nohama
- Graduate Program in Health Technology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Cochrane-Snyman KC, Housh TJ, Smith CM, Hill EC, Jenkins NDM, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO. Inter-individual variability in the patterns of responses for electromyography and mechanomyography during cycle ergometry using an RPE-clamp model. Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:1639-49. [PMID: 27325528 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-016-3394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine inter-individual variability versus composite models for the patterns of responses for electromyography (EMG) and mechanomyography (MMG) versus time relationships during moderate and heavy cycle ergometry using a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) clamp model. METHODS EMG amplitude (amplitude root-mean-square, RMS), EMG mean power frequency (MPF), MMG-RMS, and MMG-MPF were collected during two, 60-min rides at a moderate (RPE at the gas exchange threshold; RPEGET) and heavy (RPE at 15 % above the GET; RPEGET+15 %) intensity when RPE was held constant (clamped). Composite (mean) and individual responses for EMG and MMG parameters were compared during each 60-min ride. RESULTS There was great inter-individual variability for each EMG and MMG parameters at RPEGET and RPEGET+15 %. Composite models showed decreases in EMG-RMS (r (2) = -0.92 and R (2) = 0.96), increases in EMG-MPF (R (2) = 0.90), increases in MMG-RMS (r (2) = 0.81 and 0.55), and either no change or a decrease (r (2) = 0.34) in MMG-MPF at RPEGET and RPEGET+15 %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicated that there were differences between composite and individual patterns of responses for EMG and MMG parameters during moderate and heavy cycle ergometry at a constant RPE. Thus, composite models did not represent the unique muscle activation strategies exhibited by individual responses when cycling in the moderate and heavy intensity domains when using an RPE-clamp model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen C Cochrane-Snyman
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
| | - Terry J Housh
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Cory M Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Richard J Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Glen O Johnson
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
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