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Masutomi H, Mineshita Y, Ishihara K, Hirao K, Shibata S, Furutani A. Effects of intake of four types of snack with different timings on postprandial glucose levels after dinner. Eur J Nutr 2023:10.1007/s00394-023-03138-4. [PMID: 37061585 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that the consumption of fruit granola (FG), mulberry leaves, and barley cookies as an afternoon snack suppresses the postprandial increase in glucose levels at dinner. However, there have been no reports on the second-meal effect of snacking on popular snacks, such as potato chips (PC), roasted sweet potato (SP), and black beans (BB), or on the interval between snacking and dinner. METHOD The present study was an open-label randomized crossover trial of five study groups (PC, SP, BB, FG, and no snack) regarding the second-meal effects with different intervals between snacks and dinner. The subjects consumed prescribed meals for lunch and dinner at 12:00 and 19:00, and a snack fixed at 838 kJ (= 200 kcal) at 15:00 or 17:00. RESULTS When the participants snacked at 15:00, the postprandial glucose elevation at dinner was suppressed in the FG and SP groups, and the area under the curve (AUC) was also low. When they snacked at 17:00, the postprandial glucose elevation was suppressed in all the groups. The AUCs for PC, FG, and SP were lower than those for no snacking. On the other hand, carbohydrate intake increased with snacking, but the total AUC of snacks and dinner did not differ in any of the groups. The duration of hyperglycemia decreased with snack intake, as did the glucose amplitude. CONCLUSION We believe that the intake of carbohydrates and soluble fiber in snacks is an important factor in the second-meal effect at dinner. These results will contribute to the development of snacking and research into the second-meal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Masutomi
- Calbee, Inc. Research and Development Division, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-3231, Japan
| | - Yui Mineshita
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Ishihara
- Calbee, Inc. Research and Development Division, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, 321-3231, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hirao
- Faculty of Home Economics, Aikoku Gakuen Junior College, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 133-8585, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
| | - Akiko Furutani
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan.
- Faculty of Home Economics, Aikoku Gakuen Junior College, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, 133-8585, Japan.
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Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1002619. [PMID: 36225863 PMCID: PMC9549911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food intake and body weight regulation are of special interest for meeting today's lifestyle essential requirements. Since balanced energy intake and expenditure are crucial for healthy living, high levels of energy intake are associated with obesity. Hence, regulation of energy intake occurs through short- and long-term signals as complex central and peripheral physiological signals control food intake. This work aims to explore and compile the main factors influencing satiating efficiency of foods by updating recent knowledge to point out new perspectives on the potential drivers of satiety interfering with food intake regulation. Human internal factors such as genetics, gender, age, nutritional status, gastrointestinal satiety signals, gut enzymes, gastric emptying rate, gut microbiota, individual behavioral response to foods, sleep and circadian rhythms are likely to be important in determining satiety. Besides, the external factors (environmental and behavioral) impacting satiety efficiency are highlighted. Based on mechanisms related to food consumption and dietary patterns several physical, physiological, and psychological factors affect satiety or satiation. A complex network of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms controls the satiety pathways. In response to food intake and other behavioral cues, gut signals enable endocrine systems to target the brain. Intestinal and gastric signals interact with neural pathways in the central nervous system to halt eating or induce satiety. Moreover, complex food composition and structures result in considerable variation in satiety responses for different food groups. A better understanding of foods and factors impacting the efficiency of satiety could be helpful in making smart food choices and dietary recommendations for a healthy lifestyle based on updated scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allah Rakha
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakiha Mehak
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Shabbir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Asim Shabbir
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Waqar Ahmed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alexandru Vasile Rusu
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Alexandru Vasile Rusu
| | - Abdo Hassoun
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMRt 1158 BioEcoAgro, USC ANSES, INRAe, Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. Liège, Junia, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation & Research (SAFIR), Arras, France
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Rana Muhammad Aadil
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Luhovyy BL, Kathirvel P. Food proteins in the regulation of blood glucose control. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:181-231. [PMID: 36064293 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food proteins, depending on their origin, possess unique characteristics that regulate blood glucose via multiple physiological mechanisms, including the insulinotropic effects of amino acids, the activation of incretins, and slowing gastric emptying rate. The strategies aimed at curbing high blood glucose are important in preventing impaired blood glucose control, including insulin resistance, prediabetes and diabetes. The effect of proteins on blood glucose control can be achieved with high-protein foods short-term, and high-protein diets long-term using foods that are naturally high in protein, such as dairy, meat, soy and pulses, or by formulating high-protein functional food products using protein concentrates and isolates, or blended mixtures of proteins from different sources. Commercial sources of protein powders are represented by proteins and hydrolysates of caseins, whey proteins and their fractions, egg whites, soy, yellow pea and hemp which will be reviewed in this chapter. The effective doses of food protein that are capable of reducing postprandial glycemia start from 7 to 10g and higher per serving; however, the origin of protein, and macronutrient composition of a meal will determine the magnitude and duration of their effect on glycemia. The theoretical and methodological framework to evaluate the effect of foods, including food proteins, on postprandial glycemia for substantiation of health claims on food has been proposed in Canada and is discussed in the context of global efforts to harmonize the international food regulation and labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan L Luhovyy
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Priya Kathirvel
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Dhanasekara CS, Nelson A, Spradley M, Wynn A, Robohm-Leavitt C, Shen CL, Kahathuduwa CN. Effects of consumption of coconut oil or coconut on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:53-68. [PMID: 34802850 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The often purported claim that coconut fat is beneficial for cardiovascular health and was disputed in several recent meta-analyses. However, the evidence on the effects of coconut fat intake on glycemic control remains equivocal. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to determine the effects of dietary coconut fats on markers of acute and long-term glycemic control. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, and Web-of-Science databases were searched and the records were screened by three independent reviewers to identify interventional studies examining acute and long-term (i.e., >10 days) effects of coconut fat on glycemic control. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the meta-package in R (4.0.2). Seven interventional studies on acute effects and 11 interventional studies on long-term effects of coconut fat were included. Meals with coconut fat acutely increased the incremental area under the curve (AUC) of glucose (p = 0.046) and decreased the incremental AUC of insulin (p = 0.037) vs. control meals. Long-term coconut fat intake increased HOMA-IR (p = 0.049), but did not significantly affect fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA-β vs. control meals. CONCLUSIONS Coconut fat in meals seems to be associated with a diminished postprandial insulin response, resulting in a subtle increase in the postprandial glycemic response. Long-term intake of coconut fat seems to increase insulin resistance, yet does not seem to be beneficial for long-term glycemic control. Thus, our results disprove the popular claim that coconut fat improves glycemic control. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registry (CRD42020183450).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber Nelson
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Primary Care, School of Health Professions, TTUHSC, United States
| | - Megan Spradley
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Primary Care, School of Health Professions, TTUHSC, United States
| | - Adam Wynn
- Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, TTUHSC, United States
| | - Christina Robohm-Leavitt
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Primary Care, School of Health Professions, TTUHSC, United States
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, TTUHSC, United States; Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, TTUHSC, United States; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, TTUHSC, United States
| | - Chanaka N Kahathuduwa
- Department of Laboratory Sciences and Primary Care, School of Health Professions, TTUHSC, United States; Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, TTUHSC, United States; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, TTUHSC, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, TTUHSC, United States.
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Vien S, Fard S, El Khoury D, Luhovyy B, Fabek H, Anderson GH. Age and Sex Interact to Determine the Effects of Commonly Consumed Dairy Products on Postmeal Glycemia, Satiety, and Later Meal Food Intake in Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:2161-2174. [PMID: 34036357 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dairy consumption reduces postprandial glycemia and appetite when consumed with carbohydrates. OBJECTIVES The objective was to test the effects of frequently consumed dairy products, age, and sex on glycemia, appetite, and food intake. METHODS In a randomized, unblinded, crossover design, 30 older [60-70 y; BMI (kg/m2): 18.5-29.9] and 28 young (20-30 y; BMI: 18.5-24.9) adults consumed 500 mL of a calorie-free control (water), skim milk and whole milk, 350 g Greek yogurt, and 60 g cheddar cheese. Food intake at an ad libitum meal was measured 120 min later. Glycemia, appetite, and gastric hormone responses were measured premeal (15-120 min), within-meal (120-140 min), and postmeal (140-170 min). Effects of treatment, age, and sex and their interactions were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS All forms of dairy, compared with water, decreased postmeal glycemia, premeal appetite, and meal intake (P < 0.0001). Premeal glucose, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 increased, and ghrelin decreased, but effects of dairy differed with age and sex. Older adults had 10% higher pre- and postmeal glucose (P < 0.01). Premeal appetite suppression per 100 kcal of treatments was more after yogurt than other dairy, but overall appetite suppression was less in older adults than in young adults and in males than in females (P < 0.05). Pizza intake was reduced by 175 kcal after yogurt and cheese and by 82 kcal after milks compared to water (P < 0.001). Mealtime reduction for treatment calories averaged 62% after yogurt and cheese but was less at 33% after milks (P < 0.05). Compensation was less in older (33%) than in young (63%) adults (P < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Dairy products consumed in usual forms before a meal stimulate metabolic responses leading to reduced premeal appetite, later food intake, and postmeal glycemia, but their effects differ in magnitude and with the sex and age of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Vien
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara Fard
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dalia El Khoury
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bohdan Luhovyy
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Hrvoje Fabek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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