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Convit L, Rahman SS, Jardine WT, Urwin CS, Roberts SSH, Condo D, Main LC, Carr AJ, Young C, Snipe RMJ. Total fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols intake, carbohydrate malabsorption and gastrointestinal symptoms during a 56 km trail ultramarathon event. Nutr Diet 2024; 81:335-346. [PMID: 38637153 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the relationship between nutritional intake, fermentable oligo-, di, monosaccharides and polyols, and carbohydrate malabsorption, with gastrointestinal symptoms during a 56 km trail ultramarathon event and identify differences in nutritional intake between runners with severe and non-severe gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS Forty-four ultramarathoners recorded and self-reported dietary intake 3 days before, morning of, and during the ultramarathon with gastrointestinal symptoms obtained retrospectively and nutrient analysis via FoodWorks. Carbohydrate malabsorption was determined via breath hydrogen content pre- and post-race. Spearman's rank-order and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to identify relationships and differences between groups. RESULTS Total fermentable oligo-, di, monosaccharides and polyols intake were not associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, but weak associations were observed for lower energy (rs = -0.302, p = 0.044) and fat intake (rs = -0.340, p = 0.024) 3 days before with upper gastrointestinal symptoms and higher caffeine intake 3 days before with overall gastrointestinal symptoms (rs = 0.314, p = 0.038). Total fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols intake and breath hydrogen were not different between those with severe versus non-severe symptoms (p > 0.05). Although those with severe symptoms had higher caffeine (p = 0.032), and total polyols intake (p = 0.031) 3 days before, and higher % energy from fat (p = 0.043) and sorbitol intake (p = 0.026) during the race, and slower ultramarathon finish times (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Total fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides intake and carbohydrate malabsorption were not associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. Additional research on the effect of fat, caffeine, and polyol intake on exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms is warranted and presents new nutritional areas for consideration when planning nutritional intake for ultramarathoners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Convit
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shant S Rahman
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - William T Jardine
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles S Urwin
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Spencer S H Roberts
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dominique Condo
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amelia J Carr
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Young
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhiannon M J Snipe
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Running for Your Life: Metabolic Effects of a 160.9/230 km Non-Stop Ultramarathon Race on Body Composition, Inflammation, Heart Function, and Nutritional Parameters. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111138. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate endurance exercise leads to an improvement in cardiovascular performance, stress resilience, and blood function. However, the influence of chronic endurance exercise over several hours or days is still largely unclear. We examined the influence of a non-stop 160.9/230 km ultramarathon on body composition, stress/cardiac response, and nutrition parameters. Blood samples were drawn before (pre) and after the race (post) and analyzed for ghrelin, insulin, irisin, glucagon, cortisol, kynurenine, neopterin, and total antioxidant capacity. Additional measurements included heart function by echocardiography, nutrition questionnaires, and body impedance analyses. Of the 28 included ultra-runners (7f/21m), 16 participants dropped out during the race. The remaining 12 finishers (2f/10m) showed depletion of antioxidative capacities and increased inflammation/stress (neopterin/cortisol), while energy metabolism (insulin/glucagon/ghrelin) remained unchanged despite a high negative energy balance. Free fat mass, protein, and mineral content decreased and echocardiography revealed a lower stroke volume, left end diastolic volume, and ejection fraction post race. Optimizing nutrition (high-density protein-rich diet) during the race may attenuate the observed catabolic and inflammatory effects induced by ultramarathon running. As a rapidly growing discipline, new strategies for health prevention and extensive monitoring are needed to optimize the athletes’ performance.
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