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Nichol JB, Samuel MA. Characterizing the role of endocarp a and b cells layers during pod (silique) development in Brassicaceae. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2024; 19:2384243. [PMID: 39074045 PMCID: PMC11290770 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2024.2384243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The process of silique dehiscence is essential for the proper dispersal of seeds at the end of a dehiscent fruit plants lifecycle. Current research focuses on genetic manipulation to mitigate this process and enhance shatter tolerance in crop plants, which has significant economic implications. In this study, we have conducted a time-course analysis of cell patterning and development in valve tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana and closely related Triangle of U species (Brassica juncea, Brassica carinata, Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, and Brassica nigra) from Brassicaceae. The goal was to decipher the detailed temporal developmental patterns of the endocarp a and b cell layers of the valve, specifically their degradation and lignification respectively. Additionally, we propose a new classification system for the lignification of the endocarp a cell layer: L1 indicates the cell closest to the replum, with L2 and L3 representing the second and third cells, respectively, each numerical increment indicating lignified cells farther from the replum. Our findings provide a foundational framework absent in current literature, serving as an effective blueprint for future genomic work aimed at modifying valve structures to enhance agronomic traits, such as reducing fiber (lignin) or increasing shatter tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Nichol
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marcus A. Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Li YL, Yu YK, Zhu KM, Ding LN, Wang Z, Yang YH, Cao J, Xu LZ, Li YM, Tan XL. Down-regulation of MANNANASE7 gene in Brassica napus L. enhances silique dehiscence-resistance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:361-374. [PMID: 33392730 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02638-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MANNANASE7 gene in Brassica napus L. encodes a hemicellulose which located at cell wall or extracellular space and dehiscence-resistance can be manipulated by altering the expression of MANNANASE7. Silique dehiscence is an important physiological process in plant reproductive development, but causes heavy yield loss in crops. The lack of dehiscence-resistant germplasm limits the application of mechanized harvesting and greatly restricts the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production. Hemicellulases, together with cellulases and pectinases, play important roles in fruit development and maturation. The hemicellulase gene MANNANASE7 (MAN7) was previously shown to be involved in the development and dehiscence of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) siliques. Here, we cloned BnaA07g12590D (BnMAN7A07), an AtMAN7 homolog from rapeseed, and demonstrate its function in the dehiscence of rapeseed siliques. We found that BnMAN7A07 was expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs and significantly highly expressed in leaves, flowers and siliques where the abscission or dehiscence process occurs. Subcellular localization experiment showed that BnMAN7A07 was localized in the cell wall. The biological activity of the BnMAN7A07 protein isolated and purified through prokaryotic expression system was verified to catalyse the decomposition of xylan into xylose. Phenotypic studies of RNA interference (RNAi) lines revealed that down-regulation of BnMAN7A07 in rapeseed could significantly enhance silique dehiscence-resistance. In addition, the expression of upstream silique development regulators is altered in BnMAN7A07-RNAi plants, suggesting that a possible feedback regulation mechanism exists in the regulation network of silique dehiscence. Our results demonstrate that dehiscence-resistance can be manipulated by altering the expression of hemicellulase gene BnMAN7A07, which could provide an available genetic resource for breeding practice in rapeseed which is beneficial to mechanized harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Li
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yan-Kun Yu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ke-Ming Zhu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Li-Na Ding
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yan-Hua Yang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Li-Zhang Xu
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yao-Ming Li
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pod Sealants in Increasing Pod Shattering Resistance in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.). ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Shattering of pods of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major cause of seed yield losses prior to and during harvesting. In order to reduce shattering, researchers have been engaged in the development of special preparations that are known as pod sealants (PS). Despite the fact that there are already developed and commercialized PSs that have only been effective on seed yield preservation under certain environmental conditions, there is still a need to create a more versatile and efficient PS. Currently, the most promising method of controlling pod shattering in oilseed rape is the application of our developed novel acrylic- and trisiloxane-based pod sealant (PS4). The effectiveness of PS4 and three commercial pod sealants (PS1, PS2, and PS3) was assessed in this comparative study. By spraying an oilseed rape crop with PS4, natural seed loss can be reduced by 20–70%, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, and loss of seeds during harvest can be reduced by more than three-fold compared with that by the control treatment. Thus, the overall results demonstrated that by applying a novel pod sealant (PS4) to oilseed rape crops 2 weeks before harvest can increase the net profit margin by €30–€150 ha−1. The life cycle assessment showed that during 2014–2016 oilseed rape cultivation, the largest effect on global warming emission (kg CO2 eq) reduction was experimental sealant PS4, i.e., approximately 17% compared to the control.
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Ballester P, Ferrándiz C. Shattering fruits: variations on a dehiscent theme. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 35:68-75. [PMID: 27888713 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fruits are seed dispersal units, and for that they have evolved different strategies to facilitate separation and dispersal of the progeny from the mother plant. A great proportion of fruits from different clades are dry and dehiscent, opening upon maturity to disperse the seeds. In the last two decades, intense research mainly in Arabidopsis has uncovered the basic network that controls the differentiation of the Arabidopsis fruit dehiscence zone. This review focuses on recent discoveries that have helped to complete the picture, as well as the insights from evo-devo and crop domestication studies that show how the conservation/variation of the elements of this network across species accounts for its evolutionary plasticity and the origin of evolutionary innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ballester
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Cristina Ferrándiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain.
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Dong R, Dong D, Luo D, Zhou Q, Chai X, Zhang J, Xie W, Liu W, Dong Y, Wang Y, Liu Z. Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Candidate Pod Shattering-Associated Genes Involved in the Pod Ventral Sutures of Common Vetch ( Vicia sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:649. [PMID: 28496452 PMCID: PMC5406471 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The seed dispersion caused by pod shattering is a form of propagation used by many wild species. Loss of seeds from pod shattering is frequent in the common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), an important self-pollinating annual forage legume. However, pod shattering is one of the most important defects that limits the reproduction of the vetch in the field and the usage as a leguminous forage crop. To better understand the vetch pod shattering mechanism, we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to assess the global changes in the transcriptomes of the pod ventral sutures of shattering-susceptible and shattering-resistant vetch accessions screened from 541 vetch germplasms. A total of 1,285 significantly differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were detected, including 575 up-regulated unigenes and 710 down-regulated unigenes. Analyses of Gene Ontology and KEGG metabolic enrichment pathways of 1,285 DEGs indicated that 22 DEGs encoding cell wall modifications and hydrolases associated with pod shattering were highly expressed in shattering-susceptible accessions. These genes were mainly enriched in "hydrolase activity," "cytoplasm," and "carbohydrate metabolic process" systems. These cell wall modifications and hydrolases genes included β-glucosidase and endo-polygalacturonase, which work together to break down the glycosidic bonds of pectin and cellulose, and to promote the dissolution and disappearance of the cell wall in the ventral suture of the pod and make the pod more susceptible to shattering. We demonstrated the differences in gene transcription levels between the shattering-susceptible and shattering-resistant vetch accessions for the first time and our results provided valuable information for the identifying and characterizing of pod shattering regulation networks in vetch. This information may facilitate the future identification of pod shattering-related genes and their underlying molecular mechanisms in the common vetch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Deke Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Xutian Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Wengang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yanrong Wang
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
- Zhipeng Liu
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Jaradat MR, Ruegger M, Bowling A, Butler H, Cutler AJ. A comprehensive transcriptome analysis of silique development and dehiscence in Arabidopsis and Brassica integrating genotypic, interspecies and developmental comparisons. GM CROPS & FOOD 2014; 5:302-20. [PMID: 25523176 PMCID: PMC5033206 DOI: 10.4161/21645698.2014.947827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Asynchronous flowering of Brassica napus (canola) leads to seeds and siliques at varying stages of maturity as harvest approaches. This range of maturation can result in premature silique dehiscence (pod shattering), resulting in yield losses, which may be worsened by environmental stresses. Therefore, a goal for canola crop improvement is to reduce shattering in order to maximize yield. We performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis on the dehiscence zone (DZ) and valve of Arabidopsis and Brassica siliques in shatter resistant and sensitive genotypes at several developmental stages. Among known Arabidopsis dehiscence genes, we confirmed that homologs of SHP1/2, FUL, ADPG1, NST1/3 and IND were associated with shattering in B. juncea and B. napus. We noted a correlation between reduced pectin degradation genes and shatter-resistance. Tension between lignified and non-lignified cells in the silique DZ plays a major role in dehiscence. Light microscopy revealed a smaller non-lignified separation layer in relatively shatter-resistant B. juncea relative to B. napus and this corresponded to increased expression of peroxidases involved in monolignol polymerization. Sustained repression of auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling in B. juncea relative to B. napus may cause differences in dehiscence zone structure and cell wall constituents. Tension on the dehiscence zone is a consequence of shrinkage and loss of flexibility in the valves, which is caused by senescence and desiccation. Reduced shattering was generally associated with upregulation of ABA signaling and down-regulation of ethylene and jasmonate signaling, corresponding to more pronounced stress responses and reduced senescence and photosynthesis. Overall, we identified 124 cell wall related genes and 103 transcription factors potentially involved in silique dehiscence.
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Bonham-Smith PC, Gilmer S, Zhou R, Galka M, Abrams SR. Non-lethal freezing effects on seed degreening in Brassica napus. PLANTA 2006; 224:145-54. [PMID: 16404579 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-005-0203-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 12/06/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of a non-lethal freezing stress on chlorophyll content, moisture level and distribution, and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were examined in siliques and seeds of Brassica napus (canola). A non-lethal freezing stress resulted in the retention of chlorophyll in seed at harvest that was most pronounced for seeds 28, 32 and 36 days after flowering (DAF). This increase was primarily due to an increased retention of chlorophyll a relative to chlorophyll b. Chlorophyll retention in seeds exposed to a non-lethal freezing stress correlated with an increased ABA catabolism, as measured 1, 3 or 7 days after the stress treatment. Although the non-lethal freezing stress had no significant effect on moisture content in seeds of siliques stressed at 28-44 DAF, moisture distribution, as viewed by magnetic resonance imaging, showed an uneven drying of 32 and 40 DAF siliques after exposure to the non-lethal freezing stress. Moisture was initially lost more rapidly from the silique wall between seeds, than in control non-stressed siliques. Increased moisture loss was not due to structural changes in the vasculature of the silique/seed of stressed tissues. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a non-lethal freezing stress-induced decrease in ABA level, during seed maturation, effects an inhibition of normal chlorophyll a catabolism resulting in mature but green B. napus seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Bonham-Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
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