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Veena M, Puthur JT. Seed nutripriming with zinc is an apt tool to alleviate malnutrition. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:2355-2373. [PMID: 34365568 PMCID: PMC8349239 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 2 billion people worldwide suffer from micronutrient malnutrition, sometimes known as hidden hunger. Zn malnutrition affects around a third of the world's population. The physicochemical features of soil, which limit the availability of Zn to plants, cause Zn deficiency. The eating habits of certain populations are more depended on Zn-deficient staple foods. Due to the high expense and certain interventions such as diet diversification, zinc supplementation and food fortification cannot be achieved in disadvantaged populations. Biofortification is the most practical technique for alleviating Zn malnutrition. Seed priming with nutrients is a promising biofortification approach for edible crops. Seed nutripriming with zinc is a cost-effective and environmentally benign approach of biofortification. Seeds can be nutriprimed with Zn using a variety of methods such as Zn fertilisers, Zn chelated compounds and Zn nanoparticles. Nutripriming with nanoparticles is gaining popularity these days due to its numerous advantages and vast biofortification potential. Seeds enriched with Zn also aid plant performance in Zn-deficient soil. Zn an essential trace element can regulate physiological, biochemical and molecular processes of plant cells and thus can enhance germination, growth, yield and bioavailable Zn in edible crops. Moreover, zinc emerges as an important element of choice for the management of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Veena
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O, Calicut, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Jos T Puthur
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, C. U. Campus P.O, Calicut, Kerala, 673635, India.
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Hammad HM, Chawla MS, Jawad R, Alhuqail A, Bakhat HF, Farhad W, Khan F, Mubeen M, Shah AN, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Fahad S. Evaluating the Impact of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Productivity of Maize Under Control Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:885479. [PMID: 35685007 PMCID: PMC9172247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.885479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Climatic conditions significantly affect the maize productivity. Among abiotic factors, nitrogen (N) fertilizer and temperature are the two important factors which dominantly affect the maize (Zea mays L.) production during the early crop growth stages. Two experiments were conducted to determine the impact of N fertilizer and temperature on the maize growth and yield. In the first experiment, the maize hybrids were screened for their sensitivity to temperature variations. The screening was based on the growth performance of the hybrids under three temperatures (T 1 = ambient open-air temperature, T 2 = 1°C higher than the ambient temperature, and T 3 = 1°C lower than the ambient temperature) range. The results showed that an increase in temperature was resulted less 50% emergence and mean emergence (4.1 and 6.3 days, respectively), while emergence energy and full emergence were higher (25.4 and 75.2%, respectively) under the higher temperature exposure. The results showed that Syngenta 7720 and Muqabla S 25W87 were temperature tolerant and sensitive maize hybrids, respectively. The second experiment was carried out to study the response of the two selected maize hybrids (Syngenta 7720 and Muqabla S 25W87) to four N fertilizer applications. The results revealed that the maximum N use efficiency (19.5 kg kg-1) was achieved in maize hybrids with low N application (75 kg N ha-1 equivalent to 1.13 g N plant-1). However, the maximum maize grain yield (86.4 g plant-1), dry weight (203 g plant-1), and grain protein content (15.0%) were observed in maize hybrids that were grown with the application of 300 kg N ha-1 (equivalent to 4.52 g N plant-1). Therefore, it is recommended that the application of 300 kg N ha-1 to temperature tolerant maize hybrid may be considered best agricultural management practices for obtaining optimum maize grain yield under present changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Multan, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
| | - M. Shakeel Chawla
- Department of Environmental Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
- Army Public School and College Mailsi Garrison, Mailsi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Jawad
- Department of Horticulture, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asma Alhuqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
- Department of Environmental Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Farhad
- Department of Agronomy, University College of Dera Murad Jamali Naseerabad, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Faheema Khan
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mubeen
- Department of Environmental Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Adnan N. Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ke Liu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Matthew T. Harrison
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Burnie, TAS, Australia
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
- Shah Fahad
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Fatokun K, Beckett RP, Varghese B, Pammenter NW. Cathodic Water Enhances Seedling Emergence and Growth of Controlled Deteriorated Orthodox Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1170. [PMID: 34207499 PMCID: PMC8226443 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All orthodox seeds eventually deteriorate during storage, a well-known problem in seed banking. Here we used a greenhouse study to test if priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water can improve the emergence and subsequent seedling growth of three South African tree species, Bolusanthus speciosus, Combretum erythrophyllum and Erythrina caffra. Other priming solutions investigated were calcium magnesium (CaMg) solution and deionized water. In the present study, seeds were subjected to an artificial deterioration by increasing their water content to 14% and keeping them at 40 °C and 100% RH until they had lost 50% of their germination under laboratory conditions. Fresh and deteriorated seeds were primed with cathodic water, CaMg solution and deionized water, with non-primed fresh and deteriorated seeds as controls. Controlled deterioration significantly reduced total emergence and the biomass and photosynthetic parameters of the resulting seedlings. In one species (Bolusanthus speciosus), priming the deteriorated seeds with cathodic water significantly improved emergence parameters. However, in all species cathodic water significantly improved the total biomasses and other growth parameters of the seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds. Priming with CaMg solution and deionized water had little effect on emergence and while improving the growth of seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds, they were less effective than cathodic water. In fresh seeds, priming with all solutions resulted in small improvements in some parameters. Controlled deterioration of fresh seeds reduced the membrane stability index (MSI) in two of the three species and in all species increased the levels of the lipid oxidation products MDA and 4-HNE. Priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water increased the MSI and reduced the MDA contents in all species and the 4-HNE content in one species. Other priming solutions were generally less effective in ameliorating oxidative stress. Results suggest that the strong antioxidative properties of cathodic water can explain its ability to ameliorate deterioration. In conclusion, the present study shows that priming with cathodic water is an effective way of invigorating deteriorated orthodox seeds and that it may have considerable potential in orthodox seed conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Fatokun
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (B.V.); (N.W.P.)
| | - Richard P. Beckett
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa;
- Open Lab ‘Biomarker’, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Boby Varghese
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (B.V.); (N.W.P.)
| | - Norman W. Pammenter
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (B.V.); (N.W.P.)
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Tabassum T, Farooq M, Ahmad R, Zohaib A, Wahid A, Shahid M. Terminal drought and seed priming improves drought tolerance in wheat. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:845-856. [PMID: 30150859 PMCID: PMC6103940 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants retain the preceding abiotic stress memory that may aid in attainment of tolerance to subsequent stresses. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of terminal drought memory (drought priming) and seed priming in improving drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). During first growing season, wheat was planted in field under optimal (well-watered) and drought stress imposed at reproductive stage (BBCH growth stage 49) until maturity (BBCH growth stage 83). Seeds collected from both sources were subjected to hydropriming or osmopriming (with 1.5% CaCl2 solution); while, dry seed was taken as control. Treated and control seeds, from both sources, were sown in soil filled pots. After the completion of seedling emergence, pots were maintained at 50% water holding capacity (drought) or 100% water holding capacity (well-watered). Drought stress suppressed the plant growth (2-44%), perturbed water relations (1-18%) and reduced yield (192%); however, osmolytes accumulation (3-14%) and malondialdehyde contents (26-29%) were increased under drought. The crop raised from the seeds collected from terminal drought stressed plants had better growth (5-63%), improved osmolyte accumulation (13-45%), and lower lipid peroxidation (3%) than the progeny of well-watered crop. Seed priming significantly improved the crop performance under drought stress as compared to control. However, osmopriming was more effective than hydropriming in this regard as it improved leaf area (9-43%), tissue water status (2-47%), osmolytes accumulation (6-48%) and grain yield (14-79%). In conclusion, terminal drought induced modifications in seed composition and seed priming improved transgenerational drought tolerance through improvement in tissue water status and osmolytes accumulation, and decrease in lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Tabassum
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001 Australia
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, 123 Al-Khoud, Oman
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
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Moulick D, Santra SC, Ghosh D. Seed priming with Se alleviate As induced phytotoxicity during germination and seedling growth by restricting As translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L c.v. IET-4094). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:449-456. [PMID: 28779704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactive aspect of among selenium (Se) and As (As) to mitigate As induced phytotoxicity in rice during germination and seedling growth has been based on mostly to petriplates and hydroponic mode of experiments. In this investigation we explore the consequences of sowing Se primed rice seeds in As spiked soil. Unprimed, hydroprimed and Se primed rice (IET-4094) seeds sown in As spiked soil, with five replications, arranged in complete randomized design for evaluating the impacts of seed priming on germination and seedling growth as well as As uptake and translocation pattern. Se promotes germination, seedling growth by modulating proline content, lipid peroxidation in root and shoot beside enhancing total chlorophyll content significantly in both As free and As spiked soil as compared to their respective unprimed and hydroprimed counterparts grown alike. Findings also indicates that seed priming with Se was able to execute dual roles i.e. a promotive and antagonistic aspect against As by restricting maximum soil As load to the root (with greater bioconcentration factor) and reducing translocation of As from root to shoot in a more practical and farmer friendly way to mitigate As induced toxicity and enhance germination and growth in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Moulick
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India.
| | - S C Santra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Farooq M, Gogoi N, Hussain M, Barthakur S, Paul S, Bharadwaj N, Migdadi HM, Alghamdi SS, Siddique KHM. Effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in grain legumes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:199-217. [PMID: 28648997 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is an ever-present threat to crop yields, especially in countries with irrigated agriculture. Efforts to improve salt tolerance in crop plants are vital for sustainable crop production on marginal lands to ensure future food supplies. Grain legumes are a fascinating group of plants due to their high grain protein contents and ability to fix biological nitrogen. However, the accumulation of excessive salts in soil and the use of saline groundwater are threatening legume production worldwide. Salt stress disturbs photosynthesis and hormonal regulation and causes nutritional imbalance, specific ion toxicity and osmotic effects in legumes to reduce grain yield and quality. Understanding the responses of grain legumes to salt stress and the associated tolerance mechanisms, as well as assessing management options, may help in the development of strategies to improve the performance of grain legumes under salt stress. In this manuscript, we discuss the effects, tolerance mechanisms and management of salt stress in grain legumes. The principal inferences of the review are: (i) salt stress reduces seed germination (by up to more than 50%) either by inhibiting water uptake and/or the toxic effect of ions in the embryo, (ii) salt stress reduces growth (by more than 70%), mineral uptake, and yield (by 12-100%) due to ion toxicity and reduced photosynthesis, (iii) apoplastic acidification is a good indicator of salt stress tolerance, (iv) tolerance to salt stress in grain legumes may develop through excretion and/or compartmentalization of toxic ions, increased antioxidant capacity, accumulation of compatible osmolytes, and/or hormonal regulation, (v) seed priming and nutrient management may improve salt tolerance in grain legumes, (vi) plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help to improve salt tolerance due to better plant nutrient availability, and (vii) the integration of screening, innovative breeding, and the development of transgenics and crop management strategies may enhance salt tolerance and yield in grain legumes on salt-affected soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nirmali Gogoi
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sharmistha Barthakur
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sreyashi Paul
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Nandita Bharadwaj
- Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Hussein M Migdadi
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem S Alghamdi
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
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Tabassum T, Farooq M, Ahmad R, Zohaib A, Wahid A. Seed priming and transgenerational drought memory improves tolerance against salt stress in bread wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:362-369. [PMID: 28711787 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of seed priming following terminal drought on tolerance against salt stress in bread wheat. Drought was imposed in field sown wheat at reproductive stage (BBCH growth stage 49) and was maintained till physiological maturity (BBCH growth stage 83). Seeds of bread wheat, collected from crop raised under terminal drought and/or well-watered conditions, were subjected to hydropriming and osmopriming (with 1.5% CaCl2) and were sown in soil-filled pots. After stand establishment, salt stress treatments viz. 10 mM NaCl (control) and 100 mM NaCl were imposed. Seed from terminal drought stressed source had less fat (5%), and more fibers (11%), proteins (22%) and total soluble phenolics (514%) than well-watered seed source. Salt stress reduced the plant growth, perturbed water relations and decreased yield. However, an increase in osmolytes accumulation (4-18%), malondialdehyde (MDA) (27-35%) and tissue Na+ contents (149-332%) was observed under salt stress. The seeds collected from drought stressed crop had better tolerance against salt stress as indicated by better yield (28%), improved water relations (3-18%), osmolytes accumulation (21-33%), and less MDA (8%) and Na contents (35%) than progeny of well-watered crop. Seed priming, osmopriming in particular, further improved the tolerance against salt stress through improvement in leaf area, water relations, leaf proline, glycine betaine and grain yield while lowering MDA and Na+ contents. In conclusion, changed seed composition during terminal drought and seed priming improved the salt tolerance in wheat by modulating the water relations, osmolytes accumulation and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Tabassum
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005 Perth, WA 6001, Australia; College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zohaib
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Farooq M, Hussain M, Nawaz A, Lee DJ, Alghamdi SS, Siddique KHM. Seed priming improves chilling tolerance in chickpea by modulating germination metabolism, trehalose accumulation and carbon assimilation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 111:274-283. [PMID: 27987472 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chilling stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting chickpea productivity worldwide. This study evaluated the potential role of seed priming in improving resistance to chilling stress in chickpea (cv. Punjab, 2008). The priming treatments involved soaking seeds of chickpea cultivar Punjab 2008 in either water for 8 h (on-farm priming), aerated water (hydropriming) for 18 h, or CaCl2 solution (ψs -1.25 MPa; osmopriming) for 18 h. Primed and untreated seeds were grown either at 18/15 °C (control) or 13/10 °C (chilling stress). Chilling stress suppressed the growth of chickpea while seed priming mitigated the adverse effects of chilling stress by improving stand establishment, growth, water relations, photosynthesis, α-amylase activity, sugar metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane stability, and leaf accumulation of proline, nitrogen, potassium and soluble phenolics. Seed priming also improved the performance of chickpea under optimal (control) conditions. The overall order of improvement in resistance to chilling by using seed priming was osmopriming > hydropriming > on-farm priming. Osmopriming improved seedling dry weight, specific leaf area, leaf CO2 net assimilation rate, maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII, α-amylase activity, trehalose content and leaf relative water content by 10, 22, 17, 20, 73, 48 and 7%, respectively, relative to the non-primed control under chilling stress. Under optimal temperature conditions, the corresponding values were 30, 32, 16, 10, 83, 75 and 5%, respectively. Sugar metabolism, especially trehalose content, was strongly linked with stand establishment, photosynthesis, antioxidant potential (under chilling stress) and plant biomass. Overall, seed priming improved chickpea performance under both optimal temperature conditions and chilling stress through better germination metabolism and the accumulation of trehalose, which protected from oxidative damage and helped to maintain carbon assimilation and seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005 Perth WA 6001, Australia; College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mubshar Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714, South Korea
| | - Salem S Alghamdi
- College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005 Perth WA 6001, Australia
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Ibrahim EA. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 192:38-46. [PMID: 26812088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect crop production in arid and semiarid areas. Seed germination and seedling growth are the stages most sensitive to salinity. Salt stress causes adverse physiological and biochemical changes in germinating seeds. It can affect the seed germination and stand establishment through osmotic stress, ion-specific effects and oxidative stress. The salinity delays or prevents the seed germination through various factors, such as a reduction in water availability, changes in the mobilization of stored reserves and affecting the structural organization of proteins. Various techniques can improve emergence and stand establishment under salt conditions. One of the most frequently utilized is seed priming. The process of seed priming involves prior exposure to an abiotic stress, making a seed more resistant to future exposure. Seed priming stimulates the pre-germination metabolic processes and makes the seed ready for radicle protrusion. It increases the antioxidant system activity and the repair of membranes. These changes promote seed vigor during germination and emergence under salinity stress. The aim of this paper is to review the recent literature on the response of plants to seed priming under salinity stress. The mechanism of the effect of salinity on seed germination is discussed and the seed priming process is summarized. Physiological, biochemical and molecular changes induced by priming that lead to seed enhancement are covered. Plants' responses to some priming agents under salinity stress are reported based on the best available data. For a great number of crops, little information exists and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ibrahim
- Cross Pollinated Vegetable Crops Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute, 9 Cairo University St., Orman, Giza, Egypt.
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Exogenous spermidine improves seed germination of white clover under water stress via involvement in starch metabolism, antioxidant defenses and relevant gene expression. Molecules 2014; 19:18003-24. [PMID: 25379640 PMCID: PMC6271027 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of exogenous spermidine (Spd) (30 μM) on white clover seed germination under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000. Use of seed priming with Spd improved seed germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, root viability and length, and shortened mean germination time under different water stress conditions. Seedling fresh weight and dry weight also increased significantly in Spd-treated seeds compared with control (seeds primed with distilled water). Improved starch metabolism was considered a possible reason for this seed invigoration, since seeds primed with Spd had significantly increased α-amylase/β-amylase activities, reducing sugar, fructose and glucose content and transcript level of β-amylase gene but not transcript level of α-amylase gene. In addition, the physiological effects of exogenous Spd on improving seeds’ tolerance to water deficit during germination were reflected by lower lipid peroxidation levels, better cell membrane stability and significant higher seed vigour index in seedlings. Enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), ascorbate-glutathione cycle (ASC-GSH cycle) and transcript level of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes induced by exogenous Spd may be one of the critical reasons behind acquired drought tolerance through scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in water-stressed white clover seeds. The results indicate that Spd plays an important function as a stress-protective compound or physiological activator.
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Farooq M, Basra SMA, Wahid A, Ahmad N. Changes in Nutrient-Homeostasis and Reserves Metabolism During Rice Seed Priming: Consequences for Seedling Emergence and Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1671-2927(09)60083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Ahmadi A, Mardeh ASS, Poustini K, Jahromi ME. Influence of osmo and hydropriming on seed germination and seedling growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under different moisture and temperature conditions. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 10:4043-9. [PMID: 19090277 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2007.4043.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient seedling stand establishment is one of the major obstacles to achievement of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) potential yield. In the present study, seeds of eleven wheat cultivars differing in drought resistance were subjected to hydropriming with distilled water and osmopriming with PEG 6000 for 12 h. Speed of emergence, vigor index and seedling dry weight were studied under two temperature conditions at 11 and 18 degrees C in plant growth incubators. Water stress started 15 Days After Sowing (DAS). As compared with osmopriming, hydropriming clearly improved speed of emergence, vigor index and seedling dry weight. The results were more evident at 11 degrees C indicating that hydropriming is more efficient for cold rather than temperate area. At both temperatures, PEG treatment severely diminished above mentioned traits. At 11 degrees C, drought resistant cultivars i.e., Sardari, Agosta-Sefid, Azar 2 and Sabalan had higher seedlings dry weight as compared with susceptible ones. Therefore, it is proposed that measurement of seedling dry weight may be a proper approach for early screening of wheat drought resistant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmadi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran
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Farooq M, Basra S, Wahid A, Khaliq A, Kobayashi N. Rice Seed Invigoration: A Review. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9654-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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