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Martyn GE, Montgomery MT, Jones H, Guo K, Doughty BR, Linder J, Chen Z, Cochran K, Lawrence KA, Munson G, Pampari A, Fulco CP, Kelley DR, Lander ES, Kundaje A, Engreitz JM. Rewriting regulatory DNA to dissect and reprogram gene expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572268. [PMID: 38187584 PMCID: PMC10769263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory DNA sequences within enhancers and promoters bind transcription factors to encode cell type-specific patterns of gene expression. However, the regulatory effects and programmability of such DNA sequences remain difficult to map or predict because we have lacked scalable methods to precisely edit regulatory DNA and quantify the effects in an endogenous genomic context. Here we present an approach to measure the quantitative effects of hundreds of designed DNA sequence variants on gene expression, by combining pooled CRISPR prime editing with RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and cell sorting (Variant-FlowFISH). We apply this method to mutagenize and rewrite regulatory DNA sequences in an enhancer and the promoter of PPIF in two immune cell lines. Of 672 variant-cell type pairs, we identify 497 that affect PPIF expression. These variants appear to act through a variety of mechanisms including disruption or optimization of existing transcription factor binding sites, as well as creation of de novo sites. Disrupting a single endogenous transcription factor binding site often led to large changes in expression (up to -40% in the enhancer, and -50% in the promoter). The same variant often had different effects across cell types and states, demonstrating a highly tunable regulatory landscape. We use these data to benchmark performance of sequence-based predictive models of gene regulation, and find that certain types of variants are not accurately predicted by existing models. Finally, we computationally design 185 small sequence variants (≤10 bp) and optimize them for specific effects on expression in silico. 84% of these rationally designed edits showed the intended direction of effect, and some had dramatic effects on expression (-100% to +202%). Variant-FlowFISH thus provides a powerful tool to map the effects of variants and transcription factor binding sites on gene expression, test and improve computational models of gene regulation, and reprogram regulatory DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella E Martyn
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Montgomery
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hank Jones
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Guo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin R Doughty
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Ziwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Cochran
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Lawrence
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Glen Munson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anusri Pampari
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Present Address: Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Science and Engineering Initiative, Stanford Children's Health, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Flores-Romero H, Dadsena S, García-Sáez AJ. Mitochondrial pores at the crossroad between cell death and inflammatory signaling. Mol Cell 2023; 83:843-856. [PMID: 36931255 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles with a major role in many cellular processes, including not only energy production, metabolism, and calcium homeostasis but also regulated cell death and innate immunity. Their proteobacterial origin makes them a rich source of potent immune agonists, normally hidden within the mitochondrial membrane barriers. Alteration of mitochondrial permeability through mitochondrial pores thus provides efficient mechanisms not only to communicate mitochondrial stress to the cell but also as a key event in the integration of cellular responses. In this regard, eukaryotic cells have developed diverse signaling networks that sense and respond to the release of mitochondrial components into the cytosol and play a key role in controlling cell death and inflammatory pathways. Modulating pore formation at mitochondria through direct or indirect mechanisms may thus open new opportunities for therapy. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the structure and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial pores and how they function at the interface between cell death and inflammatory signaling to regulate cellular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores-Romero
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shashank Dadsena
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Koszegi B, Balogh G, Berente Z, Vranesics A, Pollak E, Molnar L, Takatsy A, Poor V, Wahr M, Antus C, Eros K, Vigh L, Gallyas F, Peter M, Veres B. Remodeling of Liver and Plasma Lipidomes in Mice Lacking Cyclophilin D. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911274. [PMID: 36232575 PMCID: PMC9569465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of non-functioning or absent cyclophilin D (CypD), a crucial regulatory component of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. It has been reported that the lack of CypD affects glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the findings are controversial regarding the metabolic pathways involved, and most reports describe the effect of a high-fat diet on metabolism. We performed a lipidomic analysis of plasma and liver samples of CypD-/- and wild-type (WT) mice to reveal the lipid-specific alterations resulting from the absence of CypD. In the CypD-/- mice compared to the WT animals, we found a significant change in 52% and 47% of the measured 225 and 201 lipid species in liver and plasma samples, respectively. The higher total lipid content detected in these tissues was not accompanied by abdominal fat accumulation assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. We also documented characteristic changes in the lipid composition of the liver and plasma as a result of CypD ablation with the relative increase in polyunsaturated membrane lipid species. In addition, we did not observe remarkable differences in the lipid distribution of hepatocytes using histochemistry, but we found characteristic changes in the hepatocyte ultrastructure in CypD-/- animals using electron microscopy. Our results highlight the possible long-term effects of CypD inhibition as a novel therapeutic consideration for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Koszegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Berente
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Research Group for Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Anett Vranesics
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Research Group for Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Edit Pollak
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Molnar
- Department of Comparative Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Ecophysiological and Environmental Toxicological Research Group, Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Aniko Takatsy
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Poor
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Matyas Wahr
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csenge Antus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Eros
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Vigh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- ELKH-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria Peter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balazs Veres
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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The Essential Role of FoxO1 in the Regulation of Macrophage Function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1068962. [PMID: 35993049 PMCID: PMC9388302 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1068962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are widely distributed in various tissues and organs. They not only participate in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune response, but also play an important role in tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of macrophage function is closely related to the initiation, development and prognosis of multiple diseases, including infection and tumorigenesis. Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1) is an important member among the forkhead box transcription factor family. Through directly binding to the promoter regions of downstream target genes, FoxO1 is implicated in cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic activities and other biological processes. In this review, we summarized the regulatory role of FoxO1 in macrophage phagocytosis, migration, differentiation and inflammatory activation. We also emphasized that macrophage reciprocally modulated FoxO1 activity via a post-translational modification (PTM) dominant manner.
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5
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The role of cyclophilins in viral infec and the immune response. J Infect 2022; 85:365-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Molecular mechanisms and consequences of mitochondrial permeability transition. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:266-285. [PMID: 34880425 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00433-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a phenomenon that abruptly causes the flux of low molecular weight solutes (molecular weight up to 1,500) across the generally impermeable inner mitochondrial membrane. The mPT is mediated by the so-called mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a supramolecular entity assembled at the interface of the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes. In contrast to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, which mostly activates apoptosis, mPT can trigger different cellular responses, from the physiological regulation of mitophagy to the activation of apoptosis or necrosis. Although there are several molecular candidates for the mPTP, its molecular nature remains contentious. This lack of molecular data was a significant setback that prevented mechanistic insight into the mPTP, pharmacological targeting and the generation of informative animal models. In recent years, experimental evidence has highlighted mitochondrial F1Fo ATP synthase as a participant in mPTP formation, although a molecular model for its transition to the mPTP is still lacking. Recently, the resolution of the F1Fo ATP synthase structure by cryogenic electron microscopy led to a model for mPTP gating. The elusive molecular nature of the mPTP is now being clarified, marking a turning point for understanding mitochondrial biology and its pathophysiological ramifications. This Review provides an up-to-date reference for the understanding of the mammalian mPTP and its cellular functions. We review current insights into the molecular mechanisms of mPT and validated observations - from studies in vivo or in artificial membranes - on mPTP activity and functions. We end with a discussion of the contribution of the mPTP to human disease. Throughout the Review, we highlight the multiple unanswered questions and, when applicable, we also provide alternative interpretations of the recent discoveries.
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7
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Jang HS, Noh MR, Ha L, Kim J, Padanilam BJ. Proximal tubule cyclophilin D mediates kidney fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F431-F442. [PMID: 34396791 PMCID: PMC8560409 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00171.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximal tubule (PT) is highly vulnerable to acute injury, including ischemic insult and nephrotoxins, and chronic kidney injury. It has been established that PT injury is a primary cause of the development of chronic kidney disease, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. Here, we tested whether PT cyclophilin D (CypD), a mitochondrial matrix protein, is a critical factor to cause kidney fibrosis progression. To define the role of CypD in kidney fibrosis, we used an established mouse model for kidney fibrosis: the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model in global and PT-specific CypD knockout (KO). Global CypD KO blunted kidney fibrosis progression with inhibition of myofibroblast activation and fibrosis. UUO-induced tubular atrophy was suppressed in kidneys of global CypD KO but not tubular dilation or apoptotic cell death. PT cell cycle arrest was highly increased in wild-type UUO kidneys but was markedly attenuated in global CypD KO UUO kidneys. The number of macrophages and neutrophils was less in UUO kidneys of global CypD KO than those of wild-type kidneys. Proinflammatory and profibrotic factors were all inhibited in global CypD KO. In line with those of global CypD KO, PT-specific CypD KO also blunted kidney fibrosis progression, along with less tubular atrophy, renal parenchymal loss, cell cycle arrest in PT, and inflammation, indicating a critical role for PT CypD in fibrogenesis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that CypD in the PT is a critical factor contributing to kidney fibrosis in UUO, providing a new paradigm for mitochondria-targeted therapeutics of fibrotic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It has been established that renal proximal tubule (PT) injury is a primary cause of the development of chronic kidney disease, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains to be defined. Here, we show that cyclophilin D, a mitochondrial matrix protein, in the PT causes kidney fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy. Our data suggest that targeting PT cyclophilin D could be beneficial to prevent fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seong Jang
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ligyeom Ha
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jinu Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Urology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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8
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Liang L, Lin R, Xie Y, Lin H, Shao F, Rui W, Chen H. The Role of Cyclophilins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2548-2560. [PMID: 34326693 PMCID: PMC8315013 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.58671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilins (Cyps) is a kind of ubiquitous protein family in organisms, which has biological functions such as promoting intracellular protein folding and participating in the pathological processes of inflammation and tumor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common intestinal diseases, but the etiology and pathogenesis of these two diseases are still unclear. IBD and CRC are closely associated, IBD has always been considered as one of the main risks of CRC. However, the role of Cyps in these two related intestinal diseases is rarely studied and reported. In this review, the expression of CypA, CypB and CypD in IBD, especially ulcerative colitis (UC), and CRC, their relationship with the development of these two intestinal diseases, as well as the possible pathogenesis, were briefly summarized, so as to provide modest reference for clinical researches and treatments in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Liang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Rongxiao Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ying Xie
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Huaqing Lin
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Shao
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wen Rui
- Centrefor Novel Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,GDPU-HKU Zhongshan Biomedical Innovation Plaform, Zhongshan 528437, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center,Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, PR China
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9
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Veres B, Eros K, Antus C, Kalman N, Fonai F, Jakus PB, Boros E, Hegedus Z, Nagy I, Tretter L, Gallyas F, Sumegi B. Cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition amplifies inflammatory reprogramming in endotoxemia. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:684-704. [PMID: 33471430 PMCID: PMC7931201 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms or LPS (lipopolysaccharide), an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, can induce a systemic inflammatory response that leads to sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction, and mortality. Here, we investigated the role of cyclophilin D (CypD)-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) in the immunosuppressive phase of LPS-induced endotoxic shock. The liver plays an important role in immunity and organ dysfunction; therefore, we used liver RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data, Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA ® ) to investigate the complex role of mPT formation in inflammatory reprogramming and disease progression. LPS induced significant changes in the expression of 2844 genes, affecting 179 pathways related to mitochondrial dysfunction, defective oxidative phosphorylation, nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and tumor necrosis factor α receptor (TNFR)-mediated processes in wild-type mice. The disruption of CypD reduced LPS-induced alterations in gene expression and pathways involving TNFRs and TLRs, in addition to improving survival and attenuating oxidative liver damage and the related NO- and ROS-producing pathways. CypD deficiency diminished the suppressive effect of LPS on mitochondrial function, nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded genes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantity, which could be critical in improving survival. Our data propose that CypD-dependent mPT is an amplifier in inflammatory reprogramming and promotes disease progression. The mortality in human sepsis and shock is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Prevention of mPT by CypD disruption reduces inflammatory reprogramming, mitochondrial dysfunction, and lethality; therefore, CypD can be a novel drug target in endotoxic shock and related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Veres
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
| | - Krisztian Eros
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
- MTA‐PTE Nuclear‐Mitochondrial Interactions Research GroupPecsHungary
- Szentagothai Janos Research CenterUniversity of PecsHungary
| | - Csenge Antus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
| | - Nikoletta Kalman
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
| | - Fruzsina Fonai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
| | - Peter Balazs Jakus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
| | - Eva Boros
- Institute of BiochemistryBiological Research CentreSzegedHungary
| | - Zoltan Hegedus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
- Institute of BiophysicsBiological Research CentreSzegedHungary
| | - Istvan Nagy
- Institute of BiochemistryBiological Research CentreSzegedHungary
- SeqOmics Biotechnology LtdMorahalomHungary
| | - Laszlo Tretter
- Department of Medical BiochemistrySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
- MTA‐PTE Nuclear‐Mitochondrial Interactions Research GroupPecsHungary
- Szentagothai Janos Research CenterUniversity of PecsHungary
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical ChemistryMedical SchoolUniversity of PecsHungary
- MTA‐PTE Nuclear‐Mitochondrial Interactions Research GroupPecsHungary
- Szentagothai Janos Research CenterUniversity of PecsHungary
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10
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Involvement of Mitochondrial Mechanisms in the Cytostatic Effect of Desethylamiodarone in B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197346. [PMID: 33027919 PMCID: PMC7582344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed that desethylamiodarone (DEA), a major metabolite of the widely used antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone, has direct mitochondrial effects. We hypothesized that these effects account for its observed cytotoxic properties and ability to limit in vivo metastasis. Accordingly, we examined DEA’s rapid (3–12 h) cytotoxicity and its early (3–6 h) effects on various mitochondrial processes in B16F10 melanoma cells. DEA did not affect cellular oxygen radical formation, as determined using two fluorescent dyes. However, it did decrease the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, as assessed by JC-1 dye and fluorescence microscopy. It also induced mitochondrial fragmentation, as visualized by confocal fluorescence microscopy. DEA decreased maximal respiration, ATP production, coupling efficiency, glycolysis, and non-mitochondrial oxygen consumption measured by a Seahorse cellular energy metabolism analyzer. In addition, it induced a cyclosporine A–independent mitochondrial permeability transition, as determined by Co2+-mediated calcein fluorescence quenching measured using a high-content imaging system. DEA also caused outer mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, as assessed by the immunoblot analysis of cytochrome C, apoptosis inducing factor, Akt, phospho-Akt, Bad, and phospho-Bad. All of these data supported our initial hypothesis.
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11
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Ure DR, Trepanier DJ, Mayo PR, Foster RT. Cyclophilin inhibition as a potential treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:163-178. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daren R. Ure
- Hepion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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12
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Wang LC, Wei WH, Zhang XW, Liu D, Zeng KW, Tu PF. An Integrated Proteomics and Bioinformatics Approach Reveals the Anti-inflammatory Mechanism of Carnosic Acid. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:370. [PMID: 29713284 PMCID: PMC5911474 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drastic macrophages activation triggered by exogenous infection or endogenous stresses is thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Carnosic acid (CA), a natural phenolic diterpene extracted from Salvia officinalis plant, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity. However, its role in macrophages activation as well as potential molecular mechanism is largely unexplored. In the current study, we sought to elucidate the anti-inflammatory property of CA using an integrated approach based on unbiased proteomics and bioinformatics analysis. CA significantly inhibited the robust increase of nitric oxide and TNF-α, downregulated COX2 protein expression, and lowered the transcriptional level of inflammatory genes including Nos2, Tnfα, Cox2, and Mcp1 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, a murine model of peritoneal macrophage cell line. The LC-MS/MS-based shotgun proteomics analysis showed CA negatively regulated 217 LPS-elicited proteins which were involved in multiple inflammatory processes including MAPK, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and FoxO signaling pathways. A further molecular biology analysis revealed that CA effectually inactivated IKKβ/IκB-α/NF-κB, ERK/JNK/p38 MAPKs, and FoxO1/3 signaling pathways. Collectively, our findings demonstrated the role of CA in regulating inflammation response and provide some insights into the proteomics-guided pharmacological mechanism study of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Hou W, Leong KG, Ozols E, Tesch GH, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Ma FY. Cyclophilin D promotes tubular cell damage and the development of interstitial fibrosis in the obstructed kidney. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:250-260. [PMID: 29230844 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is an important component in mitochondrial-dependent tubular cell death in acute kidney injury. However, it is not known whether CypD contributes to tubular cell damage in chronic interstitial fibrosis. We investigated this question in the unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model of renal interstitial fibrosis. Groups of CypD-/- and wild type (WT) mice were killed 7 or 12 days after UUO surgery. The significant tubular cell apoptosis seen in WT UUO was significantly reduced in CypD-/- UUO based on TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3 staining. Other markers of tubular cell damage; loss of E-cadherin and AQP1 expression, were also reduced in the CypD-/- UUO kidney. This reduced tubular damage was associated with less inflammation and a partial protection against loss of peritubular capillaries. The prominent accumulation of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts and interstitial collagen deposition seen in WT UUO was significantly reduced in CypD-/- UUO on day 12, but not day 7. Activation of several pro-fibrotic signalling pathways (p38 MAPK, JNK and Smad3) was unaltered in CypD-/- UUO, arguing that CypD acts independently to promote renal fibrosis. CypD deletion in cultured tubular cells attenuated oxidative stress-induced pro-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic and apoptotic responses; however, responses to angiotensin II and LPS were unaffected. In contrast, CypD deletion in cultured renal fibroblasts did not affect PDGF-induced proliferation or TGF-β1-induced collagen I expression, suggesting no direct role of CypD in the fibroblast response. In conclusion, we have identified a role for CypD in chronic tubular cell damage and in the development of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Khai G Leong
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elyce Ozols
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg H Tesch
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Y Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Rieusset J. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs): An emerging platform connecting energy and immune sensing to metabolic flexibility. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28647358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms have the capacity to sense both nutrients and immune signals in order to adapt their metabolism to the needs, and both metabolic inflexibility and exacerbated immune responses are associated with metabolic diseases. Over the past decade, mitochondria emerged as key nutrient and immune sensors regulating numerous signalling pathways, and mitochondria dysfunction has been extensively implicated in metabolic diseases. Interestingly, mitochondria interact physically and functionally with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, in contact sites named mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), in order to exchange metabolites and calcium and regulate cellular homeostasis. Emerging evidences suggest that MAMs provide a platform for hormone and nutrient signalling pathways and for innate immune responses, then regulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and apoptosis. Here, I thus propose the concept that MAMs could be attractive nutrient and immune sensors that regulate mitochondria physiology in order to adapt metabolism and cell fate, and that organelle miscommunication could be involved in the metabolic inflexibility and the pro-inflammatory status associated with metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1235, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA-Lyon, F-69600 Oullins, France.
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15
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Sumegi K, Fekete K, Antus C, Debreceni B, Hocsak E, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Szabo A. BGP-15 Protects against Oxidative Stress- or Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Destabilization and Reduces Mitochondrial Production of Reactive Oxygen Species. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169372. [PMID: 28046125 PMCID: PMC5207682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in the progression of mitochondria-related diseases. A novel insulin sensitizer drug candidate, BGP-15, has been shown to have protective effects in several oxidative stress-related diseases in animal and human studies. In this study, we investigated whether the protective effects of BGP-15 are predominantly via preserving mitochondrial integrity and reducing mitochondrial ROS production. BGP-15 was found to accumulate in the mitochondria, protect against ROS-induced mitochondrial depolarization and attenuate ROS-induced mitochondrial ROS production in a cell culture model, and also reduced ROS production predominantly at the complex I-III system in isolated mitochondria. At physiologically relevant concentrations, BGP-15 protected against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death by reducing both apoptosis and necrosis. Additionally, it attenuated bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production in LPS-sensitive U-251 glioma cells, suggesting that BGP-15 may have a protective role in inflammatory diseases. However, BGP-15 did not have any antioxidant effects as shown by in vitro chemical and cell culture systems. These data suggest that BGP-15 could be a novel mitochondrial drug candidate for the prevention of ROS-related and inflammatory disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csenge Antus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Debreceni
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eniko Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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16
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Role of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane in Inflammation-Mediated Metabolic Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:1851420. [PMID: 28074080 PMCID: PMC5198184 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1851420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered to be one of the most critical factors involved in the development of complex metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. A few decades ago, the discovery of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) was followed by the identification of its roles in regulating cellular homeostatic processes, ranging from cellular bioenergetics to apoptosis. MAM provides an excellent platform for numerous signaling pathways; among them, inflammatory signaling pathways associated with MAM play a critical role in cellular defense during pathogenic infections and metabolic disorders. However, induction of MAM causes deleterious effects by amplifying mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation through increased calcium transfer from the ER to mitochondria, thereby causing mitochondrial damage and release of mitochondrial components into the cytosol as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These mitochondrial DAMPs rapidly activate MAM-resident inflammasome components and other inflammatory factors, which promote inflammasome complex formation and release of proinflammatory cytokines in pathological conditions. Long-term stimulation of the inflammasome instigates chronic inflammation, leading to the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of MAM and its association with inflammation-mediated metabolic diseases.
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17
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Tavecchio M, Lisanti S, Bennett MJ, Languino LR, Altieri DC. Deletion of Cyclophilin D Impairs β-Oxidation and Promotes Glucose Metabolism. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15981. [PMID: 26515038 PMCID: PMC4626838 DOI: 10.1038/srep15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix protein implicated in cell death, but a potential role in bioenergetics is not understood. Here, we show that loss or depletion of CypD in cell lines and mice induces defects in mitochondrial bioenergetics due to impaired fatty acid β-oxidation. In turn, CypD loss triggers a global compensatory shift towards glycolysis, with transcriptional upregulation of effectors of glucose metabolism, increased glucose consumption and higher ATP production. In vivo, the glycolytic shift secondary to CypD deletion is associated with expansion of insulin-producing β-cells, mild hyperinsulinemia, improved glucose tolerance, and resistance to high fat diet-induced liver damage and weight gain. Therefore, CypD is a novel regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics, and unexpectedly controls glucose homeostasis, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Tavecchio
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sofia Lisanti
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michael J. Bennett
- Michael Palmieri Metabolic Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lucia R. Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Dario C. Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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