1
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Vrbata D, Červený J, Kulik N, Hovorková M, Balogová S, Vlachová M, Pelantová H, Křen V, Bojarová P. Glycomimetic inhibitors of tandem-repeat galectins: Simple and efficient. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107231. [PMID: 38394919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The binding of human galectins by glycomimetic inhibitors is a promising therapeutic approach. The structurally distinct group of tandem-repeat galectins has scarcely been studied so far, and there is hardly any knowledge on their ligand specificity or their inhibitory potential, particularly concerning non-natural carbohydrates. Here, we present the synthesis of a library of seven 3-O-disubstituted thiodigalactoside-derived glycomimetics and their affinity to two tandem-repeat galectins, Gal-8 and Gal-9. The straightforward synthesis of these glycomimetics involved dibutyltin oxide-catalyzed 3,3́-O-disubstitution of commercially available unprotected thiodigalactoside, and conjugation of various aryl substituents by copper-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The inhibitory potential of the prepared glycomimetics for Gal-8 and Gal-9 was assessed, and compared with the established galectins Gal-1 and Gal-3. The introduction of C-3 substituents resulted in an over 40-fold increase in affinity compared with unmodified TDG. The structure-affinity relations within the studied series were discussed using molecular modeling. Furthermore, the prepared glycomimetics were shown to scavenge Gal-8 and Gal-9 from the surface of cancer cells. This pioneering study on the synthetic inhibitors especially of Gal-9 identified lead compounds that may be used in further biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vrbata
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Natalia Kulik
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hovorková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Balogová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miluše Vlachová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00, Prague 4, Czech Republic; Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nám. Sítná 3105, CZ-272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic.
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2
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Hassan M, Baussière F, Guzelj S, Sundin AP, Håkansson M, Kovačič R, Leffler H, Tomašič T, Anderluh M, Jakopin Ž, Nilsson UJ. Structure-Guided Design of d-Galactal Derivatives with High Affinity and Selectivity for the Galectin-8 N-Terminal Domain. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1745-1752. [PMID: 34795863 PMCID: PMC8592027 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-8 is a carbohydrate-binding protein that plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis, antibacterial autophagy, modulation of the immune system, and bone remodeling. The design, synthesis, and protein affinity evaluation of a set of C-3 substituted benzimidazole and quinoline d-galactal derivatives identified a d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid as a selective ligand for the galectin-8 N-terminal domain (galectin-8N), with a K d of 48 μM and 15-fold selectivity over galectin-3 and even better selectivity over the other mammalian galectins. X-ray structural analysis of galectin-8N in complex with one benzimidazole- and one quinoline-galactal derivative at 1.52 and 2.1 Å together with molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations of galectin-8N in complex with the benzimidazole derivative revealed orbital overlap between a NH LUMO of Arg45 with electron rich HOMOs of the olefin and O4 of the d-galactal. Such overlap is hypothesized to contribute to the high affinity of the d-galactal-derived ligands for galectin-8N. A (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3- carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS) assay evaluation of the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and an analogous galactoside derivative on a panel of cell lines with MTS assay showed no effect on cell viability up to 100 μM concentration. A subsequent functional assay using the MDA-MB-231 cell line demonstrated that the d-galactal-benzimidazole hybrid and the analogous galactoside derivative reduced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, these compounds represent potential probes for galectin-8N pharmacology investigations and possibly promising leads for the design and synthesis of potent and selective galectin-8 inhibitors as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujtaba Hassan
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Floriane Baussière
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samo Guzelj
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeka Kovačič
- SARomics
Biostructures AB, Medicon
Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund
University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Anderluh
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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4
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Kaszás T, Cservenyák I, Juhász-Tóth É, Kulcsár AE, Granatino P, Nilsson UJ, Somsák L, Tóth M. Coupling of N-tosylhydrazones with tetrazoles: synthesis of 2-β-D-glycopyranosylmethyl-5-substituted-2 H-tetrazole type glycomimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:605-618. [PMID: 33355586 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Coupling reactions of O-peracylated 2,6-anhydro-aldose tosylhydrazones (C-(β-d-glycopyranosyl)formaldehyde tosylhydrazones) with tetrazoles were studied under metal-free conditions using thermic or microwave activation in the presence of different bases. The reactions proved highly regioselective and gave the corresponding, up-to-now unknown 2-β-d-glycopyranosylmethyl-2H-tetrazoles in 7-67% yields. The method can be applied to get new types of disaccharide mimetics, 5-glycosyl-2-glycopyranosylmethyl-2H-tetrazoles, as well. Galectin binding studies with C-(β-d-galactopyranosyl)formaldehyde tosylhydrazone and 2-(β-d-galactopyranosylmethyl)-5-phenyl-2H-tetrazole revealed no significant inhibition of any of these lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Kaszás
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ivett Cservenyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Éva Juhász-Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Andrea E Kulcsár
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Paola Granatino
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Marietta Tóth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary.
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5
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Mahanti M, Pal KB, Sundin AP, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. Epimers Switch Galectin-9 Domain Selectivity: 3 N-Aryl Galactosides Bind the C-Terminal and Gulosides Bind the N-Terminal. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:34-39. [PMID: 31938460 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3-deoxy-3-N-arylated-β-d-galactoside and -guloside derivatives have been synthesized by cesium fluoride/trimetylsilylaryl triflate-mediated benzyne generation and N-arylation of 3-deoxy-3-amino-β-d-galactosides and -gulosides, respectively. Evaluation as ligands to galectin-1, 2, 3, 4N (N-terminal domain), 4C (C-terminal domain), 7, 8N, 8C, 9C, and 9N revealed that the galactosides selectively bound galectin-9C, whereas the gulosides selectively bound galectin-9N. Hence, the N-aryl group induces galectin-9 selectivity and the ligand 3C-configuration acts as an epimeric selectivity switch between the two domains of galectin-9. Furthermore, MD simulations revealed that galacto derivatives in galectin-9C and gulo derivatives in galectin-9N find stable poses with specific interactions, which proposes a possible explanation to the gal/gulo 9C/9N selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Mahanti
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders P. Sundin
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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6
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Dahlqvist A, Mandal S, Peterson K, Håkansson M, Logan DT, Zetterberg FR, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. 3-Substituted 1-Naphthamidomethyl-C-galactosyls Interact with Two Unique Sub-sites for High-Affinity and High-Selectivity Inhibition of Galectin-3. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244554. [PMID: 31842451 PMCID: PMC6943516 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The galectins are a family of galactose-binding proteins playing key roles in inflammatory processes and cancer. However, they are structurally very closely related, and discovery of highly selective inhibitors is challenging. In this work, we report the design of novel inhibitors binding to a subsite unique to galectin-3, which confers both high selectivity and affinity towards galectin-3. Olefin cross metathesis between allyl β-C-galactopyranosyl and 1-vinylnaphthalenes or acylation of aminomethyl β-C-galactopyranosyl with 1-naphthoic acid derivatives gave C-galactopyranosyls carrying 1-naphthamide structural elements that interacted favorably with a galectin-3 unique subsite according to molecular modeling and X-ray structural analysis of two inhibitor-galectin-3 complexes. Affinities were down to sub-µM and selectivities over galectin-1, 2, 4 N-terminal domain, 4 C-terminal domain, 7, 8 N-terminal domain, 9 N-terminal domain, and 9 C-terminal domain were high. These results show that high affinity and selectivity for a single galectin can be achieved by targeting unique subsites, which holds promise for further development of small and selective galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dahlqvist
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Santanu Mandal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Kristoffer Peterson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Maria Håkansson
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden; (M.H.); (D.T.L.)
| | - Derek T. Logan
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 63 Lund, Sweden; (M.H.); (D.T.L.)
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Center for Molecular Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik R. Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB, Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8 A, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section MIG, Lund University BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden; (A.D.); (S.M.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Pal KB, Mahanti M, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. A Galactoside-Binding Protein Tricked into Binding Unnatural Pyranose Derivatives: 3-Deoxy-3-Methyl-Gulosides Selectively Inhibit Galectin-1. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3786. [PMID: 31382488 PMCID: PMC6696278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of galactoside-recognizing proteins involved in different galectin-subtype-specific inflammatory and tumor-promoting processes, which motivates the development of inhibitors that are more selective galectin inhibitors than natural ligand fragments. Here, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of 3-C-methyl-gulopyranoside derivatives and their evaluation as galectin inhibitors. Methyl 3-deoxy-3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-β-d-gulopyranoside showed 7-fold better affinity for galectin-1 than the natural monosaccharide fragment analog methyl β-d-galactopyranoside, as well as a high selectivity over galectin-2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9. Derivatization of the 3-C-hydroxymethyl into amides gave gulosides with improved selectivities and affinities; methyl 3-deoxy-3-C-(methyl-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzamide)-β-d-gulopyranoside had Kd 700 µM for galectin-1, while not binding any other galectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mukul Mahanti
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Section MIG, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, BMC-C1228b, Klinikgatan 28, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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8
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Dahlqvist A, Zetterberg FR, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. Aminopyrimidine-galactose hybrids are highly selective galectin-3 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:913-925. [PMID: 31303989 PMCID: PMC6596385 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00183b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Galactopyranosides with aryl-aminopyrimidine moieties at O3 inhibit the tumor and immunity-related galectin-3 with high selectivity over other galectins.
Galectins are a family of carbohydrate recognition proteins involved in, among other things, modulating cell signalling and cell–environment interactions, giving them roles in several pathologies like cancer and idiopathic lung fibrosis. Hence, developing new galectin inhibitors with high affinity and high selectivity is important to be able to target such diseases. Most existing galectin inhibitors have a disaccharide scaffold, but there has been success as of late in developing monogalactoside inhibitors such as α-arylthioglycosides. Here, we report aminopyrimidine-derivatised galactosides as good galectin-3 inhibitors with affinities down to 1.7 μM and a more than 300-fold selectivity over galectin-1. Mutant studies replacing Arg144 in galectin-3 with lysine and serine support the hypothesis that the binding of the derivatives involves interactions with Arg144. Molecular dynamics simulations converged to stable poses of the inhibitor aminopyrimidine moiety with polar interactions with Asp148 and Ser237, while the aryl-aminopyrimidine ring stacked onto the side chain of Arg144. Hence, combining an aminopyrimidine motif with a phenyl α-thiogalactoside motif offers an attractive route towards highly selective galectin-3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Dahlqvist
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , Box 124 , SE-221 00 Lund , Sweden .
| | - Fredrik R Zetterberg
- Galecto Biotech AB , Sahlgrenska Science Park, Medicinaregatan 8A , SE-413 46 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine , Section MIG , Lund University BMC-C1228b , Klinikgatan 28 , SE-221 84 Lund , Sweden
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis , Department of Chemistry , Lund University , Box 124 , SE-221 00 Lund , Sweden .
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9
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Pal KB, Mahanti M, Huang X, Persson S, Sundin AP, Zetterberg FR, Oredsson S, Leffler H, Nilsson UJ. Quinoline-galactose hybrids bind selectively with high affinity to a galectin-8 N-terminal domain. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:6295-6305. [PMID: 30117507 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01354c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Quinolines, indolizines, and coumarins are well known structural elements in many biologically active molecules. In this report, we have developed straightforward methods to incorporate quinoline, indolizine, and coumarin structures into galactoside derivatives under robust reaction conditions for the discovery of glycomimetic inhibitors of the galectin family of proteins that are involved in immunological and tumor-promoting biological processes. Evaluation of the quinoline, indolizine and coumarin-derivatised galactosides as inhibitors of the human galectin-1, 2, 3, 4N (N-terminal domain), 4C (C-terminal domain), 7, 8N, 8C, 9N, and 9C revealed quinoline derivatives that selectively bound galectin-8N, a galectin with key roles in lymphangiogenesis, tumor progression, and autophagy, with up to nearly 60-fold affinity improvements relative to methyl β-d-galactopyranoside. Molecular dynamics simulations proposed an interaction mode in which Arg59 had moved 2.5 Å and in which an inhibitor carboxylate and quinoline nitrogen formed structure-stabilizing water-mediated hydrogen bonds. The compounds were demonstrated to be non-toxic in an MTT assay with several breast cancer cell lines and one normal cell line. The improved affinity, selectivity, and low cytotoxicity suggest that the quinoline-galactoside derivatives provide an attractive starting point for the development of galectin-8N inhibitors potentially interfering with pathological lymphangiogenesis, autophagy, and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Bhaskar Pal
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden.
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10
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Shojaei S, Ghasemi Z, Shahrisa A. Cu(I)@Fe
3
O
4
nanoparticles supported on imidazolium‐based ionic liquid‐grafted cellulose: Green and efficient nanocatalyst for multicomponent synthesis of
N
‐sulfonylamidines and
N
‐sulfonylacrylamidines. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Shojaei
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz 5166614766 Iran
| | - Zarrin Ghasemi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz 5166614766 Iran
| | - Aziz Shahrisa
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz 5166614766 Iran
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11
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Stegmayr J, Lepur A, Kahl-Knutson B, Aguilar-Moncayo M, Klyosov AA, Field RA, Oredsson S, Nilsson UJ, Leffler H. Low or No Inhibitory Potency of the Canonical Galectin Carbohydrate-binding Site by Pectins and Galactomannans. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13318-34. [PMID: 27129206 PMCID: PMC4933242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.721464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some complex plant-derived polysaccharides, such as modified citrus pectins and galactomannans, have been shown to have promising anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. Most reports propose or claim that these effects are due to interaction of the polysaccharides with galectins because the polysaccharides contain galactose-containing side chains that might bind this class of lectin. However, their direct binding to and/or inhibition of the evolutionarily conserved galactoside-binding site of galectins has not been demonstrated. Using a well established fluorescence anisotropy assay, we tested the direct interaction of several such polysaccharides with physiological concentrations of a panel of galectins. The bioactive pectic samples tested were very poor inhibitors of the canonical galactoside-binding site for the tested galectins, with IC50 values >10 mg/ml for a few or in most cases no inhibitory activity at all. The galactomannan Davanat® was more active, albeit not a strong inhibitor (IC50 values ranging from 3 to 20 mg/ml depending on the galectin). Pure synthetic oligosaccharide fragments found in the side chains and backbone of pectins and galactomannans were additionally tested. The most commonly found galactan configuration in pectins had no inhibition of the galectins tested. Galactosylated tri- and pentamannosides, representing the structure of Davanat®, had an inhibitory effect of galectins comparable with that of free galactose. Further evaluation using cell-based assays, indirectly linked to galectin-3 inhibition, showed no inhibition of galectin-3 by the polysaccharides. These data suggest that the physiological effects of these plant polysaccharides are not due to inhibition of the canonical galectin carbohydrate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Stegmayr
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, the Department of Biology and
| | - Adriana Lepur
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Barbro Kahl-Knutson
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilde Aguilar-Moncayo
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Robert A Field
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, United Kingdom, and
| | | | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hakon Leffler
- From the Section MIG (Microbiology, Immunology, Glycobiology), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden,
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