1
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Ma WY, Leone M, Derat E, Retailleau P, Reddy CR, Neuville L, Masson G. Photocatalytic Asymmetric Acyl Radical Truce-Smiles Rearrangement for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched α-Aryl Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408154. [PMID: 38887967 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The radical Truce-Smiles rearrangement is a straightforward strategy for incorporating aryl groups into organic molecules for which asymmetric processes remains rare. By employing a readily available and non-expensive chiral auxiliary, we developed a highly efficient asymmetric photocatalytic acyl and alkyl radical Truce-Smiles rearrangement of α-substituted acrylamides using tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) as a hydrogen atom-transfer photocatalyst, along with aldehydes or C-H containing precursors. The rearranged products exhibited excellent diastereoselectivities (7 : 1 to >98 : 2 d.r.) and chiral auxiliary was easily removed. Mechanistic studies allowed understanding the transformation in which density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided insights into the stereochemistry-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Ma
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Matteo Leone
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry CSIR-, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Luc Neuville
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'lab, 8 rue de Rouen, 78440, Porcheville, France
| | - Géraldine Masson
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS, Univ. Paris-Saclay, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
- HitCat, Seqens-CNRS joint laboratory, Seqens'lab, 8 rue de Rouen, 78440, Porcheville, France
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2
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Zhang H, Xiao Y, Lemmerer M, Bortolato T, Maulide N. Domino Conjugate Addition-1,4-Aryl Migration for the Synthesis of α,β-Difunctionalized Amides. JACS AU 2024; 4:2456-2461. [PMID: 39055149 PMCID: PMC11267538 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
A domino difunctionalization of sulfonyl(acryl)imides to form β-substituted α-aryl amides is reported. This transformation involves a 1,4-addition followed by a polar Truce-Smiles rearrangement process, entropically driven by release of SO2. A wide range of carbon- and heteroatom-based nucleophiles and sulfonyl imides were employed, allowing rapid access to highly functionalized amides. In contrast to related reactions with a radical pathway, unbiased substrates could be employed. Despite the usual requirement of an electron-poor migrating moiety for the SNAr event, we herein report unique and unprecedented vinylogous migrations of electron-neutral arenes. Additionally, a one-pot process toward β-amido amides starting from acrylic acids has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Zhang
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler
Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yi Xiao
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM
Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of
Sciences, Lazarettgasse
14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miran Lemmerer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tommaso Bortolato
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler
Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CeMM
Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of
Sciences, Lazarettgasse
14, AKH BT 25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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van Veen BC, Clayden J. Intramolecular Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution (S NV) by Carbon Nucleophiles: Conformationally Directed Formation of Dienes from N,N'-Diallyl Ureas. Chemistry 2024:e202402352. [PMID: 38963681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV) by carbon nucleophiles allows the formation of vinylic C-C bonds without transition metal catalysts. In this paper, we show that tethering two alkenes together through a urea linkage can lead to the formation of a diene by an intramolecular SNV reaction. The starting materials are fully substituted N,N'-diallyl ureas; the reaction proceeds in the presence of base, and entails a cascade of deprotonations, reprotonations, and an SNV reaction of an allylic carbanion on a rare electrophile: a vinylic urea. As a result, two allylic substituents couple to form a diene, despite the fact that neither is activated towards electrophilic attack. The reaction is tolerant of significant steric bulk, and exhibits regioselectivity with unsymmetrical diallyl ureas: β-substituted allyl groups invariably behave as nucleophiles, while electrophilic behavior may be enforced by the use of an E-vinylic urea substituent that cannot be deprotonated under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branca C van Veen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, Bristol, UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, Bristol, UK
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4
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Liu J, Ma J, Wang T, Xue XS, Zhu C. Radical-Mediated α- tert-Alkylation of Aldehydes by Consecutive 1,4- and 1,3-(Benzo)thiazolyl Migrations. JACS AU 2024; 4:2108-2114. [PMID: 38938795 PMCID: PMC11200231 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The direct alkylation of the α-position of aldehydes is an effective method for accessing a wide range of structurally diverse aldehydes, yet tert-alkylation has proven to be a challenging task. In this study, we present a novel radical-mediated tert-alkylation approach targeting the α-position of aldehydes, enabling the synthesis of complex aliphatic aldehydes. The transformation is initiated by the interaction between an in situ generated enamine intermediate and α-bromo sulfone, forming an electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, followed by consecutive 1,4- and 1,3-functional group migrations. This protocol operates under metal-free and mild photochemical conditions, delivering a broad scope of products and providing new mechanistic insights into radical rearrangement reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jige Liu
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute
for Advanced Study, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering
of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jiangshan Ma
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute
for Advanced Study, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering
of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tongkun Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Key
Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Frontiers
Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute
for Advanced Study, and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering
of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
- Key
Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry,
Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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5
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Bedart C, Shimokura G, West FG, Wood TE, Batey RA, Irwin JJ, Schapira M. The Pan-Canadian Chemical Library: A Mechanism to Open Academic Chemistry to High-Throughput Virtual Screening. Sci Data 2024; 11:597. [PMID: 38844472 PMCID: PMC11156877 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Computationally screening chemical libraries to discover molecules with desired properties is a common technique used in early-stage drug discovery. Recent progress in the field now enables the efficient exploration of billions of molecules within days or hours, but this exploration remains confined within the boundaries of the accessible chemistry space. While the number of commercially available compounds grows rapidly, it remains a limited subset of all druglike small molecules that could be synthesized. Here, we present a workflow where chemical reactions typically developed in academia and unconventional in drug discovery are exploited to dramatically expand the chemistry space accessible to virtual screening. We use this process to generate a first version of the Pan-Canadian Chemical Library, a collection of nearly 150 billion diverse compounds that does not overlap with other ultra-large libraries such as Enamine REAL or SAVI and could be a resource of choice for protein targets where other libraries have failed to deliver bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Bedart
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Grace Shimokura
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Frederick G West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tabitha E Wood
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 2E9, Canada
| | - Robert A Batey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA.
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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6
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Noten EA, Ng CH, Wolesensky RM, Stephenson CRJ. A general alkene aminoarylation enabled by N-centred radical reactivity of sulfinamides. Nat Chem 2024; 16:599-606. [PMID: 38228850 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01404-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Arylethylamines are popular structural elements in bioactive molecules but are often made through a linear series of synthetic steps. A modular protocol to assemble arylethylamines from alkenes in one step would represent a useful advance in discovery chemistry, though current limitations preclude a generally applicable method. In this work we disclose an aminoarylation of alkenes using aryl sulfinamide reagents as bifunctional amine and arene donors. This reaction features excellent regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity on a variety of activated and unactivated substrates. Using a weakly oxidizing photocatalyst, a nitrogen radical is generated under mild conditions and adds to an alkene to form a new C-N bond. A desulfinylative aryl migration event known as a Smiles-Truce rearrangement follows to form a new C-C bond. In this manner, arylethylamines can be rapidly assembled from abundant alkene feedstocks. Moreover, chiral information from the sulfinamide can be transferred via rearrangement to a new carbon stereocentre in the product, thus advancing the development of traceless asymmetric alkene difunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrey A Noten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cody H Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Fier PS, Kim S. Transition-Metal-Free C-N Cross-Coupling Enabled by a Multifunctional Reagent. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6476-6480. [PMID: 38437454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We report the design and development of a transition-metal-free cross-coupling reaction of phenols and primary amines using a simple and readily available multifunctional reagent. The reactions work by induced proximity and electronic activation of both the nucleophile and the electrophile for net dehydrative C-N coupling reactions. Notably, the reactions do not involve the use of a transition metal for C-N bond formation, preactivation of the phenol electrophile, or exclusion of air or moisture. The mild conditions tolerate a broad range of functional groups and allow for this to be applied to the late-stage functionalization of complex substrates with a wide scope of coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Fier
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Suhong Kim
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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8
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Aggarwal S, Vu A, Eremin DB, Persaud R, Fokin VV. Arenes participate in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with in situ-generated diazoalkenes. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01188-z. [PMID: 37217789 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The venerable 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition has been widely used in organic synthesis for the construction of various heterocycles. However, in its century-long history, the simple and omnipresent aromatic phenyl ring has remained a stubbornly unreactive dipolarophile. Here we report 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between aromatic groups and diazoalkenes, generated in situ from lithium acetylides and N-sulfonyl azides. The reaction results in densely functionalized annulated cyclic sulfonamide-indazoles that can be further converted into stable organic molecules that are important in organic synthesis. The involvement of aromatic groups in the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions broadens the synthetic utility of diazoalkenes, a family of dipoles that have been little explored so far and are otherwise difficult to access. The process described here provides a route for the synthesis of medicinally relevant heterocycles and can be extended to other arene-containing starting materials. Computational examination of the proposed reaction pathway revealed a series of finely orchestrated bond-breaking and bond-forming events that ultimately lead to the annulated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Aggarwal
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Vu
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rudra Persaud
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valery V Fokin
- The Bridge@USC, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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9
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Lemmerer M, Zhang H, Fernandes AJ, Fischer T, Mießkes M, Xiao Y, Maulide N. Synthese von α-Arylacrylamiden via Lewis Base vermitteltem Aryl/Wasserstoff-Austausch. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202207475. [PMID: 38505003 PMCID: PMC10947125 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHierin stellen wir eine neue Methode für die Synthese von α‐Arylacrylamiden vor. Die Reaktion basiert auf der Nutzung polarer S‐zu‐C Arylwanderungen, induziert durch einen Lewis‐basischen Organokatalysator. Im Unterschied zu zuvor publizierten radikalischen Arylwanderungen von Sulfonylacrylamiden, ermöglicht dieser polare Prozess eine darauffolgende Eliminierung, wodurch in Summe ein formaler Aryl/Wasserstoff‐Austausch unter Ausscheidung von SO2 stattfindet. Die vorgestellte Reaktion ist selektiv für elektronenarme aromatische Gruppen, während eine Vielfalt von Substituenten am Stickstoff und an der β‐Position toleriert werden, und erzeugt nützliche Bausteine für Folgereaktionen wie Zykloadditionen und Zyklisierungen. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wurde mithilfe quantenchemischer Berechnungen erforscht, die die unerwartete Rolle der Lewis Base in mehreren Schlüsselschritten darlegten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Lemmerer
- Fakultät Chemie, Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Str. 381090WienÖsterreich
| | - Haoqi Zhang
- Fakultät Chemie, Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Str. 381090WienÖsterreich
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz1090WienÖsterreich
| | - Anthony J. Fernandes
- Fakultät Chemie, Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Str. 381090WienÖsterreich
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz1090WienÖsterreich
| | | | - Marianne Mießkes
- Fakultät Chemie, Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Str. 381090WienÖsterreich
| | - Yi Xiao
- Fakultät Chemie, Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Str. 381090WienÖsterreich
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesLazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.31090WienÖsterreich
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Fakultät Chemie, Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WienWähringer Str. 381090WienÖsterreich
- Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz1090WienÖsterreich
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesLazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.31090WienÖsterreich
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10
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Lemmerer M, Zhang H, Fernandes AJ, Fischer T, Mießkes M, Xiao Y, Maulide N. Synthesis of α-Aryl Acrylamides via Lewis-Base-Mediated Aryl/Hydrogen Exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207475. [PMID: 35881564 PMCID: PMC9804524 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a method for the synthesis of α-aryl acrylamides leveraging polar S-to-C aryl migrations induced by a Lewis basic organocatalyst. In contrast to previously reported radical aryl migrations of sulfonyl acrylimides, this polar process enables subsequent elimination, ultimately leading to a formal aryl/hydrogen exchange including SO2 extrusion. This reaction is selective for electron-deficient aromatic groups, while tolerating a variety of substituents on nitrogen and in the β-position, and it delivers useful building blocks for further transformations, including cycloaddition and cyclisation reactions. The mechanism was investigated in detail using quantum chemical calculations, which unexpectedly revealed the Lewis base to be involved in several decisive steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Lemmerer
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Haoqi Zhang
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria
| | - Anthony J. Fernandes
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria
| | | | - Marianne Mießkes
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Yi Xiao
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesLazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.31090ViennaAustria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Faculty of ChemistryInstitute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWähringer Str. 381090ViennaAustria,Christian-Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug DesignJosef-Holaubek-Platz 21090ViennaAustria,CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of SciencesLazarettgasse 14, AKH BT 25.31090ViennaAustria
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11
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Liu Y, Ding S, Xu M, Xu J, Cheng D, Wang H, Xu X. Synthesis of arylacylated oxindoles via visible light‐promoted Smiles rearrangement. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihuo Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Siyu Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Mingli Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Jinli Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Dongping Cheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
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12
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Murillo F, Quintal A, Dzib E, Zárate X, Fernández‐Herrera MA, Merino G. Revisiting the Formation Mechanism of Diarylamines via Smiles Rearrangement. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Murillo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Mérida Yucatán México
| | - Alan Quintal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Mérida Yucatán México
| | - Eugenia Dzib
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Mérida Yucatán México
| | - Ximena Zárate
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
| | | | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Mérida Yucatán México
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13
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Wang L, Liu M, Jiang M, Wan L, Li W, Cheng D, Chen F. Six‐Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Diclofenac Sodium via Cascade Etherification/Smiles Rearrangement Strategy: Tackling the Issues of Batch Processing. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201420. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Weijian Li
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules Department of Chemistry Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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14
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Allen AR, Poon JF, McAtee RC, Watson NB, Pratt DA, Stephenson CR. Mechanism of Visible Light-Mediated Alkene Aminoarylation with Arylsulfonylacetamides. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8511-8526. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jia-Fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Rory C. McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas B. Watson
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Derek A. Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt. Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Corey R.J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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15
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Wales S, Saunthwal RK, Clayden J. C(sp 3)-Arylation by Conformationally Accelerated Intramolecular Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr). Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1731-1747. [PMID: 35620846 PMCID: PMC9219115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric synthesis of heavily substituted benzylic stereogenic centers, prevalent in natural products, therapeutics, agrochemicals, and catalysts, is an ongoing challenge. In this Account, we outline our contribution to this endeavor, describing our discovery of a series of new reactions that not only have synthetic applicability but also present significant mechanistic intrigue. The story originated from our longstanding interest in the stereochemistry and reactivity of functionalized organolithiums. While investigating the lithiation chemistry of ureas (a "Cinderella" sister of the more established amides and carbamates), we noted an unexpected Truce-Smiles (T-S) rearrangement involving the 1,4-N → C transposition of a urea N'-aryl group to the α-carbanion of an adjacent N-benzyl group. Despite this reaction formally constituting an SNAr substitution, we found it to be remarkably tolerant of the electronic properties of the migrating aryl substituent and the degree of substitution at the carbanion. Moreover, in contrast to classical SNAr reactions, the rearrangement was sufficiently rapid that it took place under conditions compatible with configurational stability in an organolithium intermediate, enabling enantiospecific arylation at benzylic stereogenic centers. Experimental and computational studies confirmed a low kinetic barrier to the aryl migration arising from the strong preference for a trans arrangement of the urea N'-aryl and carbonyl groups, populating a reactive conformer in which spatial proximity was enforced between the carbanion and N'-aryl group, hugely accelerating ipso-substitution.This discovery led us to uncover a whole series of conformationally accelerated intramolecular N → C aryl transfers using different anilide-based functional groups, including a diverse range of urea, carbamate, and thiocarbamate-substituted anions. Products included enantioenriched α-tertiary amines (including α-arylated N-heterocycles) and alcohols, as well as rare α-tertiary thiols. Synthetically challenging diarylated centers with differentiated aryl groups featured heavily in all product sets. The absolute enantiospecificity (retention versus inversion) of the reaction was dependent on the heteroatom α to the lithiation site: the origin of this stereodivergence was probed both experimentally and computationally. Asymmetric variants of the rearrangement were realized by enantioselective deprotonation, and connective strategies were developed in which an intermolecular C-C bond-forming event preceded the anionic rearrangement. Substrates where the N'-nucleofuge (at the aryl ipso position) was tethered to the migrating arene allowed us to use the rearrangement as a ring expansion method to generate 8- to 12-membered medium-ring N-heterocycles from very simple precursors. Stabilized carbon nucleophiles such as alkali metal enolates also readily promoted intramolecular N → C aryl transfer in N'-arylureas, opening up access to biologically relevant hydantoins, and enabling a "chiral memory" approach for the (hetero)arylation of chiral α-amino acids with programmable retention or inversion of configuration. Collectively, our studies of electronically versatile T-S rearrangements in anilide-based systems have culminated in a practical and general strategy for transition metal-free C(sp3)-arylation. More broadly, our results highlight the power of conformational activation to achieve unprecedented reactivity in the construction of challenging C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry, University
of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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16
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Cornelio J, Telfer SG. Tuning the Stereoselectivity of an Intramolecular Aldol Reaction by Precisely Modifying a Metal-Organic Framework Catalyst. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200243. [PMID: 35466580 PMCID: PMC9323468 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the catalysis of an enantioselective, intramolecular aldol reaction accelerated by an organocatalyst embedded in a series of multicomponent metal-organic frameworks. By precisely programming the pore microenvironment around the site of catalysis, we show how important features of an intramolecular aldol reaction can be tuned, such as the substrate consumption, enantioselectivity, and degree of dehydration of the products. This tunability arises from non-covalent interactions between the reaction participants and modulator groups that occupy positions in the framework remote from the catalytic site. Further, the catalytic moiety can be switched form one framework linker to another. Deliberately building up microenvironments that can influence the outcome of reaction processes in this way is not possible in conventional homogenous catalysts but is reminiscent of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Cornelio
- School of Fundamental SciencesMacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyMassey University4410Palmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Shane G. Telfer
- School of Fundamental SciencesMacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyMassey University4410Palmerston NorthNew Zealand
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17
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Radhoff N, Studer A. 1,4-Aryl migration in ketene-derived enolates by a polar-radical-crossover cascade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3083. [PMID: 35655065 PMCID: PMC9163183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The arylation of carboxylic acid derivatives via Smiles rearrangement has gained great interest in recent years. Both radical and ionic approaches, as well as radical-polar crossover concepts, have been developed. In contrast, a reversed polar-radical crossover approach remains underexplored. Here we report a simple, efficient and scalable method for the preparation of sterically hindered and valuable α-quaternary amides via a polar-radical crossover-enolate oxidation-aryl migration pathway. A variety of easily accessible N-alkyl and N-arylsulfonamides are reacted with disubstituted ketenes to give the corresponding amide enolates, which undergo upon single electron transfer oxidation, a 1,4-aryl migration, desulfonylation, hydrogen atom transfer cascade to provide α-quaternary amides in good to excellent yields. Various mono- and di-substituted heteroatom-containing and polycyclic arenes engage in the aryl migration reaction. Functional group tolerance is excellent and substrates as well as reagents are readily available rendering the method broadly applicable. The α-arylation of amides via aryl migration has attracted considerable interest in recent years. Here, the authors report a method for the preparation of bulky α-quaternary amides via a polar-radical crossover enolate oxidation-aryl migration cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Radhoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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18
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Greaney MF, Whalley DM. Recent Advances in the Smiles Rearrangement: New Opportunities for Arylation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1710-6289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe Smiles rearrangement has undergone a renaissance in recent years providing new avenues for non-canonical arylation techniques in both the radical and polar regimes. This short review will discuss recent applications of the reaction (from 2017 to late 2021), including its relevance to areas such as heterocycle synthesis and the functionalization of alkenes and alkynes as well as glimpses at new directions for the field.1 Introduction2 Polar Smiles Rearrangements3 Radical Smiles: Alkene and Alkyne Functionalization4 Radical Smiles: Rearrangements via C–X Bond Cleavage5 Radical Smiles: Miscellaneous Rearrangements6 Conclusions
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19
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Visible-light photocatalysis promoted by solid- and liquid-phase immobilized transition metal complexes in organic synthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Sephton T, Large JM, Butterworth S, Greaney MF. Diarylamine Synthesis via Desulfinylative Smiles Rearrangement. Org Lett 2022; 24:1132-1135. [PMID: 35094513 PMCID: PMC8893360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Diarylamines are
obtained directly from sulfinamides through a
novel rearrangement sequence. The transformation is transition metal-free
and proceeds under mild conditions, providing facile access to highly
sterically hindered diarylamines that are otherwise inaccessible by
traditional SNAr chemistry. The reaction highlights the
distinct reactivity of the sulfinamide group in Smiles rearrangements
versus that of the more common sulfonamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sephton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jonathan M. Large
- Accelerator Building, LifeArc, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage SG1 2FX, U.K
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
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21
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Abstract
Radical aryl migrations are powerful techniques to forge new bonds in aromatic compounds. The growing popularity of photoredox catalysis has led to an influx of novel strategies to initiate and control aryl migration starting from widely available radical precursors. This review encapsulates progress in radical aryl migration enabled by photochemical methods─particularly photoredox catalysis─since 2015. Special attention is paid to descriptions of scope, mechanism, and synthetic applications of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Efrey A. Noten
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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22
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Zhang G, Xu J. A four-step cascade reaction involving O[1,3] sigmatropic shift and Smiles rearrangements as key steps. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01393b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
4-Nitroaryl halides and N-acyl-N-arylhydroxyamines undergo cascade aromatic nucleophilic substitution-O[1,3] sigmatropic shift-Smiles rearrangement-amide and ester exchange reaction, affording 2-((4-nitroaryl)amino)aryl carboxylates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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23
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Park SA, Park JU, Kim YL, Kim JH. Transition Metal-Free, Methoxide-Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyridoindolones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17050-17062. [PMID: 34761671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple transition metal-free strategy for the synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]indolone derivatives has been devised through sodium methoxide-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of 2-alkenylated N-pyrimidyl indoles. The reactions involved a Smiles rearrangement/cyclization cascade, which resulted in a new series of N-fused indoles, potentially applicable skeletons in medicinal chemistry. This reaction presents simple eco-friendly reaction conditions, a high atom- and cost-economy, a short reaction time, and a broad range of substrate scope with high reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-A Park
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong-Un Park
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
| | - Ye Lim Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry (BK21 Four), Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, 52828 Jinju, Korea
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24
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Tripathy AR, Yedase GS, Yatham VR. Cerium photocatalyzed radical smiles rearrangement of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:25207-25210. [PMID: 35478894 PMCID: PMC9037003 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04130d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein a cerium photocatalyzed aryl migration from an aryl ether to a carboxylic acid group through radical-Smiles rearrangement. This operationally simple protocol utilizes inexpensive CeCl3 as a photocatalyst and converted a variety of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids into aryl-2-hydroxybenzoates in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Rani Tripathy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Girish Suresh Yedase
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
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25
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Asymmetric, visible light-mediated radical sulfinyl-Smiles rearrangement to access all-carbon quaternary stereocentres. Nat Chem 2021; 13:327-334. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Yasui K, Kamitani M, Fujimoto H, Tobisu M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Truce-Smiles Rearrangement of N-Arylacrylamides via the Cleavage of Unactivated C(aryl)-N Bonds. Org Lett 2021; 23:1572-1576. [PMID: 33577343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed Truce-Smiles rearrangement of aniline derivatives, in which an unactivated C(aryl)-N bond is cleaved, leading to the formation of a new C(aryl)-C bond. The key to the success of this reaction is the utilization of a highly nucleophilic NHC, which enables the formation of a highly nucleophilic ylide intermediate that is generated from an α,β-unsaturated amide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Yasui
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miharu Kamitani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hayato Fujimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tobisu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Liang Y, Simón-Manso Y, Neta P, Yang X, Stein SE. CID Fragmentation of Deprotonated N-Acyl Aromatic Sulfonamides. Smiles-Type and Nitrogen-Oxygen Rearrangements. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:806-814. [PMID: 33586949 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The NIST tandem mass spectral library (2020 version) includes over 800 aromatic sulfonamides. In negative mode, upon collisional activation most benzenesulfonamides lose a neutral SO2 molecule leading to an anilide anion (C6H5NH-, m/z 92). However, for deprotonated N-benzoyl aromatic sulfonamides, the phenoxide ion (C6H5O-, m/z 93.0343) is the principal product ion. A variety of N-acylbenzenesulfonamide derivatives were also found to overwhelmingly produce the phenoxide ion as the most intense product ion. A mechanism is proposed in which, at low energy, a carbonyl oxygen atom (C═O) is transferred to a benzene ring, known as a Smiles-type rearrangement (the amide oxygen atom attacks the arylsulfonyl group at the ipso position), in parallel and determining the reaction at high energy a nitrogen-oxygen rearrangement mechanism leads to the formation of the phenoxide ion. Tandem mass spectra of deprotonated N-benzoyl-18O-benzenesulfonamide and N-thiobenzoyl-p-toluenesulfonamide confirmed the rearrangement since base peaks at m/z 95.0384 and 123.0270 which correspond to an 18O phenoxide ion ([C6H518O]-) and a 4-methylbenzenethiolate anion ([CH3C6H4S]-) were observed, respectively. The parallel mechanism is supported by the strong correlation between the observed product ion intensities and the corresponding activation energies obtained by Density Functional Theory calculations. This is an example of a relatively simple ion with a complex path to fragmentation, being a cautionary tale for indiscriminate use of in silico spectra in place of actual measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Liang
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yamil Simón-Manso
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Pedatsur Neta
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Stephen E Stein
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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28
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Fehér PP. Density Functional Theory Evaluation of a Photoinduced Intramolecular Aryl Ether Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2706-2713. [PMID: 33412846 PMCID: PMC7880577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recently, a new approach of converting
(hetero)aryl ethers to C–C
coupled products via a photoinduced intramolecular rearrangement has
been reported. Although this reaction is photocatalyst-free, it requires
excitation in the ultraviolet (UV) range. To help refine this process,
three different 2-(hetero)aryloxybenzaldehydes are selected from the
available substrate scope in which the general mechanism based on
experimental results is evaluated using density functional theory
calculations. The reaction takes place in the triplet state after
photoexcitation and includes three main steps: the addition of carbonyl
carbon to the ipso carbon of the aryl ether followed
by the C–O cleavage of the resulting spirocyclic intermediates
and then the transfer of the formyl proton to afford 2-hydroxybenzophenone-type
products. This agrees with the experiments, but the calculated pathways
show considerable differences between the three substrates. Above
all, either the first or the second step can be rate-determining but
not the C–H activation. The important factor behind the differences
is the spin-density rearrangement, which is mainly responsible for
the barrier of the ether cleavage. Based on the obtained insights,
the strategy to improve the ∼250 nm excitation has been briefly
discussed, and promising molecules are proposed to improve the scope
of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pál Fehér
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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29
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De Abreu M, Belmont P, Brachet E. Light-Enabled Radical 1,4-Aryl Migration Via a Phospho-Smiles Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3758-3767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Abreu
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Brachet
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l’Observatoire, F-75006 Paris, France
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30
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Huynh M, De Abreu M, Belmont P, Brachet E. Spotlight on Photoinduced Aryl Migration Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 27:3581-3607. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huynh
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Maxime De Abreu
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Etienne Brachet
- UMR CNRS 8038 CiTCoM Université de Paris 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
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31
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32
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Zheng L, Tao K, Guo W. Recent Developments in Photo‐Catalyzed/Promoted Synthesis of Indoles and Their Functionalization: Reactions and Mechanisms. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Kailiang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 People's Republic of China
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33
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Honnanayakanavar JM, Harish B, Nanubolu JB, Suresh S. Tandem Copper-Catalyzed Regioselective N-Arylation-Aza-Michael Addition: Synthesis of Tetracyclic 5 H-Benzothiazolo[3,2- a]quinazoline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8780-8791. [PMID: 32603597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed tandem process integrating regioselective N-arylation, followed by aza-Michael addition, is disclosed using 2-aminobenzothiazoles and ortho-halo cinnamic acid congeners. This process generated diverse tetracyclic 5H-benzothiazolo[3,2-a]quinazoline derivatives in moderate to good yields. The present tandem reaction appears to proceed through concomitant ring opening of 2-aminobenzothiazole and S-arylation to give the ortho-cyanamide-substituted diaryl thioether intermediate. The thus generated intermediate likely undergoes an unprecedented Truce-Smiles-type rearrangement involving S- to N-aryl migration, followed by reformation of the thiazole ring and intramolecular aza-Michael addition to furnish the title products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti M Honnanayakanavar
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Battu Harish
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Laboratory of X-Ray Crystallography, Department of Analytical Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Surisetti Suresh
- Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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34
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Jiang X, Wei X, Lin F, Zhang Z, Yao G, Yang S, Zhao W, Zhao C, Xu H. Substrate-Controlled [5+1] Annulation of 5-Amino-1H
-phenylpyrazoles with Alkenes: Divergent Synthesis of Multisubstituted 4,5-Dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a
]quinazolines. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xunyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization South China Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; South China Botanical Garden; 510650 Guangzhou China
| | - Fei Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Guangkai Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Shuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Weijing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology; Ministry of Education; South China Agricultural University; 510642 Guangzhou China
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35
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11600-11606. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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36
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Abrams R, Clayden J. Photocatalytic Difunctionalization of Vinyl Ureas by Radical Addition Polar Truce–Smiles Rearrangement Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Abrams
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Jonathan Clayden
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
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37
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Pluta K, Jeleń M, Morak-Młodawska B. The Smiles rearrangement in the syntheses of azaphenothiazines. Part I. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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38
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Wang ZS, Chen YB, Zhang HW, Sun Z, Zhu C, Ye LW. Ynamide Smiles Rearrangement Triggered by Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective Ketyl-Ynamide Coupling: Rapid Access to Functionalized Indoles and Isoquinolines. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3636-3644. [PMID: 32003986 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, significant advances have been made on radical Smiles rearrangement. However, the eventually formed radical intermediates in these reactions are limited to the amidyl radical, except for the few examples initiated by a N-centered radical. Here, a novel and practical radical Smiles rearrangement triggered by photoredox-catalyzed regioselective ketyl-ynamide coupling is reported, which represents the first radical Smiles rearrangement of ynamides. This method enables facile access to a variety of valuable 2-benzhydrylindoles with broad substrate scope in generally good yields under mild reaction conditions. In addition, this chemistry can also be extended to the divergent synthesis of versatile 3-benzhydrylisoquinolines through a similar ketyl-ynamide coupling and radical Smiles rearrangement, followed by dehydrogenative oxidation. Moreover, such an ynamide Smiles rearrangement initiated by intermolecular photoredox catalysis via addition of external radical sources is also achieved. By control experiments, the reaction was shown to proceed via key ketyl radical and α-imino carbon radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Shu Wang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Yang-Bo Chen
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Hao-Wen Zhang
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Zhou Sun
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- iChEM, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
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39
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Jao TJ, Akula PS, Hong BC, Lee GH. Catalytic 1,2-Rearrangements: Organocatalyzed Michael/Semi-Pinacol-like Rearrangement Cascade of 1,3-Diones and Nitroolefins. Org Lett 2020; 22:62-67. [PMID: 31829018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
New types of organocatalytic 1,2-rearrangements, which resemble the Smiles-like or semi-pinacol-like rearrangement, of Michael adducts of 1,3-dicarbonyl-2-alkyl compounds and nitroalkenes have been realized. Unlike the well-known conjugate addition, the reaction affords the 1-phenyl-1-nitroalkanes via unprecedented rearrangement and cascade reactions. Structures of the appropriate products were unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Jao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , Chia-Yi 621 , Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pavan Sudheer Akula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , Chia-Yi 621 , Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , National Chung Cheng University , Chia-Yi 621 , Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Center , National Taiwan University , Taipei 106 , Taiwan, R.O.C
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40
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Lawson CA, Dominey AP, Williams GD, Murphy JA. Visible light-mediated Smiles rearrangements and annulations of non-activated aromatics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11445-11448. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04666c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel and efficient visible light-mediated Smiles rearrangements and annulations progressing via a radical-cation intermediate catalytically generated with an acridinium salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A. Lawson
- Chemical Development
- GSK
- Stevenage
- UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
| | | | | | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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41
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Flynn AJ, Ford A, Maguire AR. Synthetic and mechanistic aspects of sulfonyl migrations. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2549-2610. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonyl migrations, frequently described as ‘unusual’ or ‘unexpected’, from the last 20 years, including 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,5-, 1,6- and 1,7-sulfonyl shifts, through either radical or polar processes, either inter- or intramolecularly are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaran J. Flynn
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Cork
| | - Alan Ford
- School of Chemistry
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- University College Cork
- Cork
- Ireland
| | - Anita R. Maguire
- School of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy
- Analytical and Biological Research Facility
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre
- University College Cork
- Cork
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42
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Johnson S, Kovács E, Greaney MF. Arylation and alkenylation of activated alkyl halides using sulfonamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3222-3224. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00220h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A variety of quaternary aryl amino acid derivatives can be synthesised using tandem SN2/Smiles rearrangement chemistry involving aryl sulfonamides and α-chloro carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Johnson
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Ervin Kovács
- School of Chemistry
- University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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43
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Barlow HL, Rabet PTG, Durie A, Evans T, Greaney MF. Arylation Using Sulfonamides: Phenylacetamide Synthesis through Tandem Acylation–Smiles Rearrangement. Org Lett 2019; 21:9033-9035. [PMID: 31674791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Barlow
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pauline T. G. Rabet
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Durie
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Evans
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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44
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Rashid SO, Almadhhi SS, Berrisford DJ, Raftery J, Vitorica-Yrezabal I, Whitehead G, Quayle P. Radical Truce-Smiles reactions on an isoxazole template: Scope and limitations. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Alkene Carboarylation through Catalyst‐Free, Visible Light‐Mediated Smiles Rearrangement. Chemistry 2019; 25:1927-1930. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Abstract
Reactions of tethered, tertiary sulfonamides with thermally generated benzynes are reported. Typically, the N-S bonds in the substrates cleave, and saturated heterocycles [tetrahydroquinolines ( n = 2) and indolines ( n = 1)] are formed. The process is accompanied by either sulfonyl transfer or desulfonylation from a zwitterionic intermediate, with the favored pathway being largely dependent upon the size (5- vs 6-membered) of the N-containing ring in the zwitterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant St. SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | | | - Thomas R. Hoye
- Department of Chemistry, 207 Pleasant St. SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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47
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Monos TM, McAtee RC, Stephenson CRJ. Arylsulfonylacetamides as bifunctional reagents for alkene aminoarylation. Science 2018; 361:1369-1373. [PMID: 30262501 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alkene aminoarylation with a single, bifunctional reagent is a concise synthetic strategy. We report a catalytic protocol for the addition of arylsulfonylacetamides across electron-rich alkenes with complete anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity to provide 2,2-diarylethylamines. In this process, single-electron alkene oxidation enables carbon-nitrogen bond formation to provide a key benzylic radical poised for a Smiles-Truce 1,5-aryl shift. This reaction is redox-neutral, exhibits broad functional group compatibility, and occurs at room temperature with loss of sulfur dioxide. As this process is driven by visible light, uses readily available starting materials, and demonstrates convergent synthesis, it is well suited for use in a variety of synthetic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Monos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rory C McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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48
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Kärkäs MD. Photochemical Generation of Nitrogen-Centered Amidyl, Hydrazonyl, and Imidyl Radicals: Methodology Developments and Catalytic Applications. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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49
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Gonzalez-Gomez JC, Ramirez NP, Lana-Villarreal T, Bonete P. A photoredox-neutral Smiles rearrangement of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9680-9684. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02579c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The radical Smiles rearrangement of 2-aryloxybenzoic acids can be promoted by visible light at room temperature, in the presence of air and water, and free of noble metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose. C. Gonzalez-Gomez
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) y Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Nieves P. Ramirez
- Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO) y Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Teresa Lana-Villarreal
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica y Departamento de Química Física
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
| | - Pedro Bonete
- Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica y Departamento de Química Física
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante
- Spain
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