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Jusic A, Erpapazoglou Z, Dalgaard LT, Lakkisto P, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Benczik B, Ágg B, Ferdinandy P, Fiedorowicz K, Schroen B, Lazou A, Devaux Y. Guidelines for mitochondrial RNA analysis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102262. [PMID: 39091381 PMCID: PMC11292373 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles of mammalian cells with critical involvement in metabolism and signaling. Studying their regulation in pathological conditions may lead to the discovery of novel drugs to treat, for instance, cardiovascular or neurological diseases, which affect high-energy-consuming cells such as cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, or neurons. Mitochondria possess both protein-coding and noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs, and piwi-interacting RNAs, encoded by the mitochondria or the nuclear genome. Mitochondrial RNAs are involved in anterograde-retrograde communication between the nucleus and mitochondria and play an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. Despite accumulating evidence on the presence and biogenesis of mitochondrial RNAs, their study continues to pose significant challenges. Currently, there are no standardized protocols and guidelines to conduct deep functional characterization and expression profiling of mitochondrial RNAs. To overcome major obstacles in this emerging field, the EU-CardioRNA and AtheroNET COST Action networks summarize currently available techniques and emphasize critical points that may constitute sources of variability and explain discrepancies between published results. Standardized methods and adherence to guidelines to quantify and study mitochondrial RNAs in normal and disease states will improve research outputs, their reproducibility, and translation potential to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Jusic
- HAYA Therapeutics SA, Route De La Corniche 6, SuperLab Suisse - Batiment Serine, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Zoi Erpapazoglou
- Ιnstitute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Louise Torp Dalgaard
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Päivi Lakkisto
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bettina Benczik
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bence Ágg
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Blanche Schroen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, ER 6229 Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - on behalf of EU-CardioRNA COST Action CA17129
- HAYA Therapeutics SA, Route De La Corniche 6, SuperLab Suisse - Batiment Serine, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Ιnstitute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, 16672 Athens, Greece
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61614 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, ER 6229 Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - AtheroNET COST Action CA21153
- HAYA Therapeutics SA, Route De La Corniche 6, SuperLab Suisse - Batiment Serine, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Ιnstitute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, B.S.R.C. “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, 16672 Athens, Greece
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRBLleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiometabolic and HUN-REN-SU System Pharmacology Research Group, Center for Pharmacology and Drug Research & Development, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61614 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, ER 6229 Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Kazeminia S, Eirin A. Role of mitochondria in endogenous renal repair. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:963-973. [PMID: 39076039 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Renal tubules have potential to regenerate and repair after mild-to-moderate injury. Proliferation of tubular epithelial cells represents the initial step of this reparative process. Although for many years, it was believed that proliferating cells originated from a pre-existing intra-tubular stem cell population, there is now consensus that surviving tubular epithelial cells acquire progenitor properties to regenerate the damaged kidney. Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are dedifferentiated adult renal tubular epithelial cells that arise upon injury and contribute to renal self-healing and recovery by replacing lost neighboring tubular epithelial cells. These cells are characterized by the co-expression of the stem cell surface markers CD133 and CD24, as well as mesenchymal and kidney injury markers. Previous studies have shown that exogenous delivery of STCs ameliorates renal injury and dysfunction in murine models of acute kidney injury, underscoring the regenerative potential of this endogenous repair system. Although STCs contain fewer mitochondria than their surrounding terminally differentiated tubular epithelial cells, these organelles modulate several important cellular functions, and their integrity and function are critical to preserve the reparative capacity of STCs. Recent data suggest that the microenviroment induced by cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, and renal ischemia may compromise STC mitochondrial integrity and function, limiting the capacity of these cells to repair injured renal tubules. This review summarizes current knowledge of the contribution of STCs to kidney repair and discusses recent insight into the key role of mitochondria in modulating STC function and their vulnerability in the setting of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kazeminia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
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Muneretto G, Plazzi F, Passamonti M. Mitochondrion-to-nucleus communication mediated by RNA export: a survey of potential mechanisms and players across eukaryotes. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20240147. [PMID: 38982851 PMCID: PMC11283861 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleus interacts with the other organelles to perform essential functions of the eukaryotic cell. Mitochondria have their own genome and communicate back to the nucleus in what is known as mitochondrial retrograde response. Information is transferred to the nucleus in many ways, leading to wide-ranging changes in nuclear gene expression and culminating with changes in metabolic, regulatory or stress-related pathways. RNAs are emerging molecules involved in this signalling. RNAs encode precise information and are involved in highly target-specific signalling, through a wide range of processes known as RNA interference. RNA-mediated mitochondrial retrograde response requires these molecules to exit the mitochondrion, a process that is still mostly unknown. We suggest that the proteins/complexes translocases of the inner membrane, polynucleotide phosphorylase, mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and the subunits of oxidative phosphorylation complexes may be responsible for RNA export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Muneretto
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Plazzi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Passamonti
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Chattopadhyay A, Tak H, Anirudh J, Naick BH. Meta-analysis of Circulatory mitomiRs in stress Response: Unveiling the significance of miR-34a and miR-146a. Gene 2024; 912:148370. [PMID: 38490506 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs with essential roles in cellular pathways and are often associated with various diseases and stress conditions. Recently, they have been discovered in mitochondria, termed "mitomiRs," with unique functions. Mitochondria, crucial organelles for energy production and stress responses, Dysregulated mitomiRs functions and expression has been evident in stress conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative. In this meta-analysis we have systematically identified miR-34a & miR-146a as possible potential biomarkers for affliction. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the potential role of miR-34a and miR-146a, two specific mitomiRs, as biomarkers in stress-related conditions. The study followed PRISMA guidelines, involving comprehensive database searches in May and September 2023. Twelve studies meeting predefined inclusion criteria were selected, and data analysis included the evaluation of miR-34a and miR-146a expression levels in various stress conditions compared to control groups. We also performed Gene ontology (GO) and Pathway enrichment analysis to observe how mitomiRs affects our body. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed a significant increase in overall mitomiRs (miR-34a and miR-146a) expression levels in experimental groups experiencing different stress conditions compared to control groups (Z = 3.54, p < 0.05 using RevMan software). miR-34a demonstrated more pronounced upregulation and exhibited potential as a specific biomarker in certain stress-related conditions (Z = 2.22, p < 0.05). However, miR-146a did not show a significant difference, requiring further investigation in various stress-related contexts. The Analysis indicated a high degree of heterogeneity among the studies. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis emphasises the importance of mitomiRs, especially miR-34a, as potential biomarkers in the intricate interplay between stress, mitochondrial function, and disease. The study opens new avenues for exploring miRNAs' diagnostic and therapeutic applications in stress-related diseases, highlighting their pivotal role at the crossroads of molecular biology, psychology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harshita Tak
- Department of Sports Biosciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India
| | - Jivanage Anirudh
- Department of Sports Biosciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India
| | - B Hemanth Naick
- Department of Sports Biosciences, Central University of Rajasthan, India.
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Canale P, Borghini A. Mitochondrial microRNAs: New Emerging Players in Vascular Senescence and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6620. [PMID: 38928325 PMCID: PMC11204228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play an important role by controlling gene expression in the cytoplasm in almost all biological pathways. Recently, scientists discovered that miRNAs are also found within mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of cells. These mitochondrial miRNAs, known as mitomiRs, can originate from the nuclear or mitochondrial genome, and they are pivotal in controlling mitochondrial function and metabolism. New insights indicate that mitomiRs may influence key aspects of the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease, especially concerning mitochondrial function and metabolic regulation. While the importance of mitochondria in cardiovascular health and disease is well-established, our understanding of mitomiRs' specific functions in crucial biological pathways, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, is still in its early stages. Through this review, we aimed to delve into the mechanisms of mitomiR generation and their impacts on mitochondrial metabolic pathways within the context of vascular cell aging and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The relatively unexplored field of mitomiR biology holds promise for future research investigations, with the potential to yield novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Canale
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Luo L, An X, Xiao Y, Sun X, Li S, Wang Y, Sun W, Yu D. Mitochondrial-related microRNAs and their roles in cellular senescence. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1279548. [PMID: 38250662 PMCID: PMC10796628 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1279548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural aspect of mammalian life. Although cellular mortality is inevitable, various diseases can hasten the aging process, resulting in abnormal or premature senescence. As cells age, they experience distinctive morphological and biochemical shifts, compromising their functions. Research has illuminated that cellular senescence coincides with significant alterations in the microRNA (miRNA) expression profile. Notably, a subset of aging-associated miRNAs, originally encoded by nuclear DNA, relocate to mitochondria, manifesting a mitochondria-specific presence. Additionally, mitochondria themselves house miRNAs encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These mitochondria-residing miRNAs, collectively referred to as mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs), have been shown to influence mtDNA transcription and protein synthesis, thereby impacting mitochondrial functionality and cellular behavior. Recent studies suggest that mitomiRs serve as critical sensors for cellular senescence, exerting control over mitochondrial homeostasis and influencing metabolic reprogramming, redox equilibrium, apoptosis, mitophagy, and calcium homeostasis-all processes intimately connected to senescence. This review synthesizes current findings on mitomiRs, their mitochondrial targets, and functions, while also exploring their involvement in cellular aging. Our goal is to shed light on the potential molecular mechanisms by which mitomiRs contribute to the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Luo
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingna An
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiguang Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sijie Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingzhao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qianwei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Public Research Platform, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Tan WL, Subha ST, Mohtarrudin N, Cheah YK. An insight into the associations between microRNA expression and mitochondrial functions in cancer cell and cancer stem cell. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5395-5405. [PMID: 37074612 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The self-renew ability of cancer stem cells (CSCs) continues to challenge our determination for accomplishing cancer therapy breakthrough. Ineffectiveness of current cancer therapies to eradicate CSCs has contributed to chemoresistance and tumor recurrence. Yet, the discoveries of highly effective therapies have not been thoroughly developed. Further insights into cancer metabolomics and gene-regulated mechanisms of mitochondria in CSCs can expedite the development of novel anticancer drugs. In cancer cells, the metabolism is reprogrammed from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis. This alteration allows the cancer cell to receive continuous energy supplies and avoid apoptosis. The pyruvate obtained from glycolysis produces acetyl-coenzyme A (Acetyl-CoA) via oxidative decarboxylation and enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle for adenosine triphosphate generation. Mitochondrial calcium ion (Ca2+) uptake is responsible for mitochondrial physiology regulation, and reduced uptake of Ca2+ inhibits apoptosis and enhances cell survival in cancer. There have been many discoveries of mitochondria-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) stimulating the metabolic alterations in mitochondria via gene regulation which promote cancer cell survival. These miRNAs are also found in CSCs where they regulate genes and activate different mechanisms to destroy the mitochondria and enhance CSCs survival. By targeting the miRNAs that induced mitochondrial destruction, the mitochondrial functions can be restored; thus, it triggers CSCs apoptosis and completely eliminates the CSCs. In general, this review article aims to address the associations between miRNAs with mitochondrial activities in cancer cells and cancer stem cells that support cancer cell survival and self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Lin Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sethu Thakachy Subha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norhafizah Mohtarrudin
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Kqueen Cheah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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van Wijk N, Zohar K, Linial M. Challenging Cellular Homeostasis: Spatial and Temporal Regulation of miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16152. [PMID: 36555797 PMCID: PMC9787707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules that act in post-transcriptional regulation in animals and plants. A mature miRNA is the end product of consecutive, highly regulated processing steps of the primary miRNA transcript. Following base-paring of the mature miRNA with its mRNA target, translation is inhibited, and the targeted mRNA is degraded. There are hundreds of miRNAs in each cell that work together to regulate cellular key processes, including development, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, inflammation, viral infection, and more. In this review, we present an overlooked layer of cellular regulation that addresses cell dynamics affecting miRNA accessibility. We discuss the regulation of miRNA local storage and translocation among cell compartments. The local amounts of the miRNAs and their targets dictate their actual availability, which determines the ability to fine-tune cell responses to abrupt or chronic changes. We emphasize that changes in miRNA storage and compactization occur under induced stress and changing conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate shared principles on cell physiology, governed by miRNA under oxidative stress, tumorigenesis, viral infection, or synaptic plasticity. The evidence presented in this review article highlights the importance of spatial and temporal miRNA regulation for cell physiology. We argue that limiting the research to mature miRNAs within the cytosol undermines our understanding of the efficacy of miRNAs to regulate cell fate under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Burzio VA, Barrey E, Leucci E, Entelis N, Hollander JM, Das S. Editorial: Role of mitochondria-associated non-coding RNAs in intracellular communication. Front Physiol 2022; 13:980674. [PMID: 36072845 PMCID: PMC9442477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.980674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A. Burzio
- Centro Ciencia and Vida, Andes Biotechnologies SpA, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Barrey
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nina Entelis
- UMR 7156 GMGM Strasbourg University–CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - John M. Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, and Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Samarjit Das,
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Rad SMAH, Halpin JC, Tawinwung S, Suppipat K, Hirankarn N, McLellan AD. MicroRNA‐mediated metabolic reprogramming of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:424-439. [PMID: 35507473 PMCID: PMC9322280 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini Rad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Biomedical Science University of Otago Dunedin Otago New Zealand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Joshua Colin Halpin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Biomedical Science University of Otago Dunedin Otago New Zealand
| | - Supannikar Tawinwung
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Koramit Suppipat
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune‐mediated Diseases Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Alexander D McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology School of Biomedical Science University of Otago Dunedin Otago New Zealand
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Zhao K, Li X, Zhang M, Tong F, Chen H, Wang X, Xiu N, Liu Z, Wang Y. microRNA-181a Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammatory Reaction in a Rat Model of Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness by Inhibiting IGFBP5 Expression. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:553-564. [PMID: 35472240 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated mechanisms by which microRNA (miR)-181a orchestrates mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in a rat model of intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). Expression of miR-181a and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) was detected and then miR-181a was overexpressed or inhibited and IGFBP5 was overexpressed in the ICU-AW rats. The expression of UCP-3, metaphase chromosome protein 1 (MCP1), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), inflammatory factors, phosphorylation (p)-JAK1, p-STAT1, and p-STAT2 were measured in skeletal muscle tissues; binding of miR-181a to IGFBP5 was evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The results demonstrated high expression of miR-181a and low expression of IGFBP5 in ICU-AW versus control rats; IGFBP5 was identified as a target gene of miR-181a. Further experiments demonstrated that ICU-AW rats suffered from marked loss of grip strength and decreased adenosine triphosphate production, mtDNA content, and UCP-3 mRNA expression in skeletal muscles; this was accompanied by elevated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP1, p-JAK1, p-STAT1, and p-STAT2 levels. Importantly, miR-181a suppression alleviated strength loss, inflammatory reaction, and mitochondrial dysfunction and diminished the phosphorylation levels of JAK1, STAT1, and STAT2 whereas IGFBP5 upregulation rescued the effect of miR-181a overexpression in ICU-AW rats. These results indicate that miR-181a promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation by activating the JAK/STAT pathway via IGFBP5 in ICU-AW model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Fei Tong
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Nan Xiu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhikuan Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China (YW)
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Aldossary AM, Tawfik EA, Alomary MN, Alsudir SA, Alfahad AJ, Alshehri AA, Almughem FA, Mohammed RY, Alzaydi MM. Recent Advances in Mitochondrial Diseases: from Molecular Insights to Therapeutic Perspectives. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1065-1078. [PMID: 36164575 PMCID: PMC9508646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned cytoplasmic organelles that are responsible for the production of energy in eukaryotic cells. The process is completed through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) by the respiratory chain (RC) in mitochondria. Thousands of mitochondria may be present in each cell, depending on the function of that cell. Primary mitochondria disorder (PMD) is a clinically heterogeneous disease associated with germline mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and/or nuclear DNA (nDNA) genes, and impairs mitochondrial structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be detected in early childhood and may be severe, progressive and often multi-systemic, involving a wide range of organs. Understanding epigenetic factors and pathways mutations can help pave the way for developing an effective cure. However, the lack of information about the disease (including age of onset, symptoms, clinical phenotype, morbidity and mortality), the limits of current preclinical models and the wide range of phenotypic presentations hamper the development of effective medicines. Although new therapeutic approaches have been introduced with encouraging preclinical and clinical outcomes, there is no definitive cure for PMD. This review highlights recent advances, particularly in children, in terms of etiology, pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, molecular pathways and epigenetic alterations. Current therapeutic approaches, future advances and proposed new therapeutic plans will also be discussed.
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13
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Kuthethur R, Shukla V, Mallya S, Adiga D, Kabekkodu SP, Ramachandra L, Saxena Pu P, Satyamoorthy K, Chakrabarty S. Expression analysis and function of mitochondrial genome-encoded microRNAs. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274749. [PMID: 35297485 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play a significant role in nuclear and mitochondrial anterograde and retrograde signaling. Most of the miRNAs found inside mitochondria are nuclear genome encoded, with few mitochondrial genome encoded non-coding RNAs have been reported. In this study, we have identified 13 mitochondrial genome-encoded microRNAs (mitomiRs), which were differentially expressed in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231), non-malignant breast epithelial cell line (MCF-10A), and normal and breast cancer tissue specimens. We found that mitochondrial DNA depletion and inhibition of mitochondrial transcription leads to reduced expression of mitomiRs in breast cancer cells. MitomiRs physically interact with Ago2, an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) protein, in the cytoplasm and inside mitochondria. MitomiRs regulate the expression of both nuclear and mitochondrial transcripts in breast cancer cells. We showed that mitomiR-5 targets PPARGC1A and regulates mtDNA copy number in breast cancer cells. MitomiRs identified in the present study may be a promising tool for expression and functional analysis in patients with a defective mitochondrial phenotype, including cancer and metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviprasad Kuthethur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lingadakai Ramachandra
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Saxena Pu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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14
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Kussainova A, Bulgakova O, Aripova A, Khalid Z, Bersimbaev R, Izzotti A. The Role of Mitochondrial miRNAs in the Development of Radon-Induced Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:428. [PMID: 35203638 PMCID: PMC8962319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNA molecules regulating gene expression by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) or leading to degradation. The miRNAs are encoded in the nuclear genome and exported to the cytosol. However, miRNAs have been found in mitochondria and are probably derived from mitochondrial DNA. These miRNAs are able to directly regulate mitochondrial genes and mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is the cause of many diseases, including cancer. In this review, we consider the role of mitochondrial miRNAs in the pathogenesis of lung cancer with particular reference to radon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assiya Kussainova
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.K.); (Z.K.)
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Olga Bulgakova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Akmaral Aripova
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Via Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (A.K.); (Z.K.)
| | - Rakhmetkazhi Bersimbaev
- Department of General Biology and Genomics, Institute of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Akmola 010008, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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15
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Liao J, Li Q, Hu Z, Yu W, Zhang K, Ma F, Han Q, Zhang H, Guo J, Hu L, Pan J, Li Y, Tang Z. Mitochondrial miR-1285 regulates copper-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy by impairing IDH2 in pig jejunal epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126899. [PMID: 34418838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), a hazardous heavy metal, can lead to toxic effects on host physiology. Recently, specific mitochondria-localized miRNAs (mitomiRs) were shown to modulate mitochondrial function, but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Here, we identified mitomiR-1285 as an important molecule regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in jejunal epithelial cells under Cu exposure. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy were the important mechanisms of Cu-induced pathological damage in jejunal epithelial cells, which were accompanied by significant increase of mitomiR-1285 in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of mitomiR-1285 significantly attenuated Cu-induced mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, ATP deficiency, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation, and mitophagy. Subsequently, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that IDH2 was a direct target of mitomiR-1285. RNA interference of IDH2 dramatically reversed the effect that mitomiR-1285 knockdown relieved mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy induced by Cu, and the opposite effect was shown by overexpression of IDH2. Therefore, our results suggested that mitomiR-1285 aggravated Cu-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy via suppressing IDH2 expression. These findings identified the important mechanistic connection between mitomiRs and mitochondrial metabolism under Cu exposure, providing a new insight into Cu toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Quanwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhuoying Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Feiyang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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16
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Rencelj A, Gvozdenovic N, Cemazar M. MitomiRs: their roles in mitochondria and importance in cancer cell metabolism. Radiol Oncol 2021; 55:379-392. [PMID: 34821131 PMCID: PMC8647792 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that play important roles in almost all biological pathways. They regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by binding to the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). MitomiRs are miRNAs of nuclear or mitochondrial origin that are localized in mitochondria and have a crucial role in regulation of mitochondrial function and metabolism. In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the major sites of oxidative metabolism of sugars, lipids, amino acids, and other bio-macromolecules. They are also the main sites of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. CONCLUSIONS In the review, we discuss the role of mitomiRs in mitochondria and introduce currently well studied mitomiRs, their target genes and functions. We also discuss their role in cancer initiation and progression through the regulation of mRNA expression in mitochondria. MitomiRs directly target key molecules such as transporters or enzymes in cell metabolism and regulate several oncogenic signaling pathways. They also play an important role in the Warburg effect, which is vital for cancer cells to maintain their proliferative potential. In addition, we discuss how they indirectly upregulate hexokinase 2 (HK2), an enzyme involved in glucose phosphorylation, and thus may affect energy metabolism in breast cancer cells. In tumor tissues such as breast cancer and head and neck tumors, the expression of one of the mitomiRs (miR-210) correlates with hypoxia gene signatures, suggesting a direct link between mitomiR expression and hypoxia in cancer. The miR-17/92 cluster has been shown to act as a key factor in metabolic reprogramming of tumors by regulating glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism. This cluster is deregulated in B-cell lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and T-cell lymphomas, and is particularly overexpressed in several other cancers. Based on the current knowledge, we can conclude that there is a large number of miRNAs present in mitochondria, termed mitomiR, and that they are important regulators of mitochondrial function. Therefore, mitomiRs are important players in the metabolism of cancer cells, which need to be further investigated in order to develop a potential new therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Rencelj
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Gvozdenovic
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Department of Experimental Oncology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
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17
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Wang F, Zhang D, Zhang D, Li P, Gao Y. Mitochondrial Protein Translation: Emerging Roles and Clinical Significance in Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675465. [PMID: 34277617 PMCID: PMC8280776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cells. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles with their own genetic system, and can independently replicate, transcribe, and translate mitochondrial DNA. Translation initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling of the ribosome are four stages in the process of mitochondrial protein translation. In this process, mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators, mitochondrial RNA, and other regulatory factors regulate mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial protein translation abnormalities are associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and nervous system diseases. Mutation or deletion of various mitochondrial protein translation factors and translation activators leads to abnormal mitochondrial protein translation. Mitochondrial tRNAs and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are essential players during translation and mutations in genes encoding them represent a large fraction of mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, there is crosstalk between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation, and the imbalance between mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation can affect some physiological and pathological processes. This review summarizes the regulation of mitochondrial protein translation factors, mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, mitochondrial tRNAs, and mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) in the mitochondrial protein translation process and its relationship with diseases. The regulation of mitochondrial protein translation and cytoplasmic translation in multiple diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deyu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dejiu Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, China
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18
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Liang H, Liu J, Su S, Zhao Q. Mitochondrial noncoding RNAs: new wine in an old bottle. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2168-2182. [PMID: 34110970 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1935572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial noncoding RNAs (mt-ncRNAs) include noncoding RNAs inside the mitochondria that are transcribed from the mitochondrial genome or nuclear genome, and noncoding RNAs transcribed from the mitochondrial genome that are transported to the cytosol or nucleus. Recent findings have revealed that mt-ncRNAs play important roles in not only mitochondrial functions, but also other cellular activities. This review proposes a classification of mt-ncRNAs and outlines the emerging understanding of mitochondrial circular RNAs (mt-circRNAs), mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs), and mitochondrial long noncoding RNAs (mt-lncRNAs), with an emphasis on their identification and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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19
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Farahani RA, Farah MC, Zhu XY, Tang H, Saadiq IM, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Metabolic Syndrome Impairs 3D Mitochondrial Structure, Dynamics, and Function in Swine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:933-945. [PMID: 32556943 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09988-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an effective therapy for several diseases. Mitochondria modulate several important aspects of MSC function, but might be damaged by comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. We hypothesized that metabolic syndrome (MetS) compromises 3D mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and function in swine adipose tissue-derived MSCs. Domestic pigs were fed a Lean or MetS diet (n = 6 each) for 16 weeks. MSCs were collected from subcutaneous abdominal fat and their mitochondria analyzed using state-of-the-art Serial Block Face Electron Microscopy and 3D reconstruction. Mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission) were assessed by mRNA sequencing and Western blotting, and bioenergetics by membrane potential (TMRE), cytochrome-c oxidase (COX)-IV activity, and Seahorse Analyzer. Expression of mitochondria-associated microRNAs (mitomiRs) was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). MetS pigs developed obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and hyperlipidemia. Mitochondrial density was similar between the groups, but 3D mitochondrial and matrix volumes were lower in MetS-MSCs versus Lean-MSCs. Mitochondrial fission was higher, but fusion lower in MetS-MSCs versus Lean-MSCs, as were membrane potential, COX-IV activity, and ATP production. Contrarily, expression of the mitomiRs miR15a, miR-137, and miR-181c, which target mitochondrial genes that support mitochondrial structure, energy pathways, and dynamics, was higher in MetS-MSCs compared to Lean-MSCs, suggesting a potential to modulate their expression. MetS damages MSC 3D mitochondrial structure, dynamics, and function, and may modulate genes encoding for mitochondrial proteins. These observations support development of mitoprotective strategies to preserve the regenerative potency of MSCs and their suitability for autologous transplantation in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele A Farahani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mohamed C Farah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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20
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Vaillancourt M, Hubert A, Subra C, Boucher J, Bazié WW, Vitry J, Berrazouane S, Routy JP, Trottier S, Tremblay C, Jenabian MA, Benmoussa A, Provost P, Tessier PA, Gilbert C. Velocity Gradient Separation Reveals a New Extracellular Vesicle Population Enriched in miR-155 and Mitochondrial DNA. Pathogens 2021; 10:526. [PMID: 33925397 PMCID: PMC8146806 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their contents (proteins, lipids, messenger RNA, microRNA, and DNA) are viewed as intercellular signals, cell-transforming agents, and shelters for viruses that allow both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. EVs circulating in the blood of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) may provide insights into pathogenesis, inflammation, and disease progression. However, distinguishing plasma membrane EVs from exosomes, exomeres, apoptotic bodies, virions, and contaminating proteins remains challenging. We aimed at comparing sucrose and iodixanol density and velocity gradients along with commercial kits as a means of separating EVs from HIV particles and contaminating protein like calprotectin; and thereby evaluating the suitability of current plasma EVs analysis techniques for identifying new biomarkers of HIV-1 immune activation. Multiple analysis have been performed on HIV-1 infected cell lines, plasma from HIV-1 patients, or plasma from HIV-negative individuals spiked with HIV-1. Commercial kits, the differential centrifugation and density or velocity gradients to precipitate and separate HIV, EVs, and proteins such as calprotectin, have been used. EVs, virions, and contaminating proteins were characterized using Western blot, ELISA, RT-PCR, hydrodynamic size measurement, and enzymatic assay. Conversely to iodixanol density or velocity gradient, protein and virions co-sedimented in the same fractions of the sucrose density gradient than AChE-positive EVs. Iodixanol velocity gradient provided the optimal separation of EVs from viruses and free proteins in culture supernatants and plasma samples from a person living with HIV (PLWH) or a control and revealed a new population of large EVs enriched in microRNA miR-155 and mitochondrial DNA. Although EVs and their contents provide helpful information about several key events in HIV-1 pathogenesis, their purification and extensive characterization by velocity gradient must be investigated thoroughly before further use as biomarkers. By revealing a new population of EVs enriched in miR-155 and mitochondrial DNA, this study paves a way to increase our understanding of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Vaillancourt
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Audrey Hubert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Caroline Subra
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Julien Boucher
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Wilfried Wenceslas Bazié
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Programme de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Muraz, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 390, Burkina Faso
| | - Julien Vitry
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Sofiane Berrazouane
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sylvie Trottier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des Sciences Biologiques et Centre de Recherche CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H2L 2C4, Canada;
| | - Abderrahim Benmoussa
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine—Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Philippe A. Tessier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; (M.V.); (A.H.); (C.S.); (J.B.); (W.W.B.); (J.V.); (S.B.); (S.T.); (A.B.); (P.P.); (P.A.T.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, T1-49, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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Su Q, Xu Y, Cai R, Dai R, Yang X, Liu Y, Kong B. miR-146a inhibits mitochondrial dysfunction and myocardial infarction by targeting cyclophilin D. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 23:1258-1271. [PMID: 33717647 PMCID: PMC7907681 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases; however, their roles in ischemic heart disease remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrate that miR-146a is enriched in the mitochondrial fraction of cardiomyocytes, and its level significantly decreases after ischemic reperfusion (I/R) challenge. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of miR-146a aggravated myocardial infarction, apoptosis, and cardiac dysfunction induced by the I/R injury. Overexpression of miR-146a suppressed anoxia/reoxygenation-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway and increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. miR-146a overexpression also blocked mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and attenuated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c leakage; meanwhile, miR-146a knockdown elicited the opposite effects. Additionally, miR-146a overexpression decreased cyclophilin D protein, not mRNA, expression. The luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-146a binds to the coding sequence of the cyclophilin D gene. Restoration of cyclophilin D reversed the inhibitory action of miR-146a on cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific cyclophilin D deletion completely abolished the exacerbation of myocardial infarction and apoptosis observed in miR-146a cardiomyocyte-deficient mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that nuclear miR-146a translocates into the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our study unveils a novel role for miR-146a in ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuli Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Ruping Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Rixin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, Guangxi, China
| | - Binghui Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
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22
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Chen CY, Lee DS, Choong OK, Chang SK, Hsu T, Nicholson MW, Liu LW, Lin PJ, Ruan SC, Lin SW, Hu CY, Hsieh PCH. Cardiac-specific microRNA-125b deficiency induces perinatal death and cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2377. [PMID: 33504864 PMCID: PMC7840921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-125b, the first microRNA to be identified, is known to promote cardiomyocyte maturation from embryonic stem cells; however, its physiological role remains unclear. To investigate the role of miR-125b in cardiovascular biology, cardiac-specific miR-125b-1 knockout mice were generated. We found that cardiac-specific miR-125b-1 knockout mice displayed half the miR-125b expression of control mice resulting in a 60% perinatal death rate. However, the surviving mice developed hearts with cardiac hypertrophy. The cardiomyocytes in both neonatal and adult mice displayed abnormal mitochondrial morphology. In the deficient neonatal hearts, there was an increase in mitochondrial DNA, but total ATP production was reduced. In addition, both the respiratory complex proteins in mitochondria and mitochondrial transcription machinery were impaired. Mechanistically, using transcriptome and proteome analysis, we found that many proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism were significantly downregulated in miR-125b knockout mice which resulted in reduced fatty acid metabolism. Importantly, many of these proteins are expressed in the mitochondria. We conclude that miR-125b deficiency causes a high mortality rate in neonates and cardiac hypertrophy in adult mice. The dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism may be responsible for the cardiac defect in the miR-125b deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yun Chen
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan ,grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320 Taiwan
| | - Desy S. Lee
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Oi Kuan Choong
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Chang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Tien Hsu
- grid.37589.300000 0004 0532 3167Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320 Taiwan
| | - Martin W. Nicholson
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Po-Ju Lin
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chian Ruan
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Hu
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Patrick C. H. Hsieh
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 128 Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
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23
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Rodrigues SC, Cardoso RMS, Duarte FV. Mitochondrial microRNAs: A Putative Role in Tissue Regeneration. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120486. [PMID: 33371511 PMCID: PMC7767490 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most famous role of mitochondria is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, a metabolic pathway that involves a chain of four protein complexes (the electron transport chain, ETC) that generates a proton-motive force that in turn drives the ATP synthesis by the Complex V (ATP synthase). An impressive number of more than 1000 mitochondrial proteins have been discovered. Since mitochondrial proteins have a dual genetic origin, it is predicted that ~99% of these proteins are nuclear-encoded and are synthesized in the cytoplasmatic compartment, being further imported through mitochondrial membrane transporters. The lasting 1% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and synthesized by the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome). As a result, an appropriate regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis is absolutely required to achieve and maintain normal mitochondrial function. Regarding miRNAs in mitochondria, it is well-recognized nowadays that several cellular mechanisms involving mitochondria are regulated by many genetic players that originate from either nuclear- or mitochondrial-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs). Growing evidence collected from whole genome and transcriptome sequencing highlight the role of distinct members of this class, from short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Some of the mechanisms that have been shown to be modulated are the expression of mitochondrial proteins itself, as well as the more complex coordination of mitochondrial structure and dynamics with its function. We devote particular attention to the role of mitochondrial miRNAs and to their role in the modulation of several molecular processes that could ultimately contribute to tissue regeneration accomplishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C. Rodrigues
- Exogenus Therapeutics, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal;
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Filipe V. Duarte
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Guo Q, Yin X, Gao J, Wang X, Zhang S, Zhou X, Wang Z, Zhang Q. MiR-381-3p redistributes between cytosol and mitochondria and aggravates endothelial cell injury induced by reactive oxygen species. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101451. [PMID: 33137708 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are reported to play pivotal roles in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endothelial cell injury and several studies have demonstrated the miRNA distribution in the mitochondria of various cells. However, very little is known about its changes and roles in ROS-induced endothelial cell injury. In the present study, we systematically revealed the distribution changes of miRNAs in mitochondria during ROS-induced endothelial cell injury and found that H2O2 obviously reduced the mitochondrial distribution of many miRNAs without affecting their expression levels in the whole endothelial cells. Most of these miRNAs showing reduced mitochondrial distribution were potentially involved in ROS-induced endothelial cell injury. MiR-381-3p was a typical representative of these miRNAs and its redistribution between mitochondria and cytosol regulated the network consisting of downstream molecules (P53, P21, CCND1, and MYC) by inhibiting its target genes (LRP6 and NFIA) to promote apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in endothelial cells. Our findings highlight the significance of redistribution of miRNAs between mitochondria and cytosol and improve our understanding of miRNA function regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xianlun Yin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Jing Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Shucui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Institute of Endocrinology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, 250021, PR China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, PR China.
| | - Qunye Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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25
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, Guijarro LG, Casanova C, Coca S, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, García-Honduvilla N, Asúnsolo Á. The Regulatory Role of Mitochondrial MicroRNAs (MitomiRs) in Breast Cancer: Translational Implications Present and Future. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092443. [PMID: 32872155 PMCID: PMC7564393 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs) are an emerging field of study in a wide range of tumours including breast cancer. By targeting mitochondrial, or non-mitochondrial products, mitomiRs are able to regulate the functions of this organelle, thus controlling multiple carcinogenic processes. The knowledge of this system may provide a novel approach for targeted therapies, as potential biomarkers or helping in the diagnosis of such a complex malignancy. Abstract Breast cancer is the most prevalent and incident female neoplasm worldwide. Although survival rates have considerably improved, it is still the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the posttranscriptional expression of a wide variety of genes. Although it is usually located in the cytoplasm, several studies have detected a regulatory role of microRNAs in other cell compartments such as the nucleus or mitochondrion, known as “mitomiRs”. MitomiRs are essential modulators of mitochondrion tasks and their abnormal expression has been linked to the aetiology of several human diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including breast cancer. This review aims to examine basic knowledge of the role of mitomiRs in breast cancer and discusses their prospects as biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Unit of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-885-4540; Fax: +34-91-885-4885
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Unit of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Department of System Biology, Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | - Carlos Casanova
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Unit of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Unit of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Unit of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, (CIBEREHD), 28806 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Unit of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Unit of Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.C.); (S.C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ángel Asúnsolo
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Bordoni L, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA and Neurodegeneration: Any Role for Dietary Antioxidants? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E764. [PMID: 32824558 PMCID: PMC7466149 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of the mitochondrial function is essential in preventing and counteracting neurodegeneration. In particular, mitochondria of neuronal cells play a pivotal role in sustaining the high energetic metabolism of these cells and are especially prone to oxidative damage. Since overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, dietary antioxidants have been suggested to counteract the detrimental effects of ROS and to preserve the mitochondrial function, thus slowing the progression and limiting the extent of neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to their role in the redox-system homeostasis, mitochondria are unique organelles in that they contain their own genome (mtDNA), which acts at the interface between environmental exposures and the molecular triggers of neurodegeneration. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that mtDNA (including both genetics and, from recent evidence, epigenetics) might play relevant roles in modulating the risk for neurodegenerative disorders. This mini-review describes the link between the mitochondrial genome and cellular oxidative status, with a particular focus on neurodegeneration; moreover, it provides an overview on potential beneficial effects of antioxidants in preserving mitochondrial functions through the protection of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
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27
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Machado IF, Teodoro JS, Palmeira CM, Rolo AP. miR-378a: a new emerging microRNA in metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1947-1958. [PMID: 31748917 PMCID: PMC11104830 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes or obesity, are the consequence of the disruption of the organism's metabolic pathways. The discovery of small non-coding RNAs-microRNAs (miRNAs)-as post-transcriptional gene regulators opened new doors for the development of novel strategies to combat said diseases. The two strands of miR-378a, miR-378a-3p, and miR-378a-5p are encoded in the Ppargc1b gene and have an active role in the regulation of several metabolic pathways such as mitochondrial metabolism and autophagy. Recent studies recognized miR-378a as an important regulator of energy and glucose homeostasis, highlighting it as a potential target for the improvement of metabolic dysregulation. In the present review, the current knowledge on miR-378a will be discussed with a particular emphasis on its biological functions and mechanisms of action in metabolism, mitochondria, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo F Machado
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João S Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela P Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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28
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Storey KB, Storey JM. Mitochondria, metabolic control and microRNA: Advances in understanding amphibian freeze tolerance. Biofactors 2020; 46:220-228. [PMID: 31026112 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Winter survival for many animal species depends freeze tolerance, a capacity to endure the conversion of as much as 65-70% of total body water into extracellular ice while reorganizing metabolism to provide cells with cryoprotection against insults that include prolonged ischemia and hyperosmotic stress. Natural freeze tolerance involves not just de novo preservation mechanisms such as synthesis of high levels of cryoprotectants or novel proteins that manage ice formation, but also requires attention to and co-ordination of many cellular processes. The present review examines recent studies of the freeze-tolerant wood frog (Rana sylvatica) that probed previously unexplored areas of metabolic adaptation for freezing survival, with a particular emphasis on mitochondria. Post-translational controls on enzyme function play a prominent role in resculpting metabolic responses of the wood frog to freezing including reversible phosphorylation control over fuel processing at the pyruvate dehydrogenase locus and modulation of antioxidant defense enzymes (Mn-SOD, catalase). Enzymes involved in mitochondrial nitrogen metabolism (glutamate dehydrogenase, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase) are also differentially regulated during freezing but by different post-translational modifications including ADP-ribosylation, lysine acetylation or glutarylation. The action of microRNAs in mediating post-translational controls on gene expression aid the suppression of energy-expensive (cell cycle) or destructive (apoptosis) processes in the frozen state while also providing storage of transcripts that will be immediately available for repair or reactivation of metabolic processes after thawing. The effects of low temperature in strengthening mRNA-microRNA interactions can also provide a passive mechanism of metabolic suppression in the frozen state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet M Storey
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Sekar D, Johnson J, Biruntha M, Lakhmanan G, Gurunathan D, Ross K. Biological and Clinical Relevance of microRNAs in Mitochondrial Diseases/Dysfunctions. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 39:1379-1384. [PMID: 31855060 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction arises from an inadequate number of mitochondria, an inability to provide necessary substrates to mitochondria, or a dysfunction in their electron transport and a denosine triphosphate synthesis machinery. Occurrences of mitochondrial dysfunction are due to genetic or environmental changes in the mitochondria or in the nuclear DNA that codes mitochondrial components. Currently, drug options are available, yet no treatment exists in sight of this disease and needs a new insight into molecular and signaling pathways for this disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, and noncoding RNAs function as a master regulator of gene expression. The evolution of miRNAs in the past two decades emerged as a key regulator of gene expression that controls physiological pathological cellular differentiation processes, and metabolic homeostasis such as development and cancer. It has been known that miRNAs are a potential biomarker in both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. But, in the case of mitochondrial dysfunction in miRNAs, the number of studies and investigations are comparatively less than those on other diseases and dysfunctions. In this review, we have elaborated the roles of miRNAs in the mitochondrial diseases and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Sekar
- Dental Research Cell and Biomedical Research Unit (DRC-BRULAC), Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Jayapriya Johnson
- Dental Research Cell and Biomedical Research Unit (DRC-BRULAC), Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - M Biruntha
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Ganesh Lakhmanan
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Deepa Gurunathan
- Department of Pedodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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30
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Mitochondrial MiRNA in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121475. [PMID: 31766319 PMCID: PMC6952824 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs functioning as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression involved in cardiovascular development and health. Recently, mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) have been shown to modulate the translational activity of the mitochondrial genome and regulating mitochondrial protein expression and function. Although mitochondria have been verified to be essential for the development and as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases, we are just beginning to understand the roles of mitomiRs in the regulation of crucial biological processes, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding how mitomiRs impact on mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial function, which may help us better understand the contribution of mitomiRs to both the regulation of cardiovascular function under physiological conditions and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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31
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Jaquenod De Giusti C, Santalla M, Das S. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (Exo-ncRNAs) in cardiovascular health. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 137:143-151. [PMID: 31669445 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in the pathophysiological processes and in different diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Out of several categories of EVs, exosomes (smallest - 30 to 150 nm) are gaining most of the focus as the next generation of biomarkers and in therapeutic strategies. This is because exosomes can be differentiated from other types of EVs based on the expression of tetraspanin molecules on the surface. More importantly, exosomes can be traced back to the cell of origin by identifying the unique cellular marker(s) on the exosomal surface. Recently, several researchs have demonstrated an important and underappreciated mechanism of paracrine cell-cell communication involving exosomal transfer, and its subsequent functional impact on recipient cells. Exosomes are enriched in proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and other non-coding RNAs, which can potentially alter myocardial function. Additionally, different stages of tissue damage can also be identified by measuring these bioactive molecules in the circulation. There are several aspects of this new concept still unknown. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the knowledge we have so far and highlighted the potential of this novel concept of next generation biomarkers and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Jaquenod De Giusti
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Manuela Santalla
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares UNLP-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Experimentales, Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Sharma N, Pasala MS, Prakash A. Mitochondrial DNA: Epigenetics and environment. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:668-682. [PMID: 31335990 PMCID: PMC6941438 DOI: 10.1002/em.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of the mitochondrial genome is essential for proper cellular function. For this purpose, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) needs to be faithfully replicated, transcribed, translated, and repaired in the face of constant onslaught from endogenous and environmental agents. Although only 13 polypeptides are encoded within mtDNA, the mitochondrial proteome comprises over 1500 proteins that are encoded by nuclear genes and translocated to the mitochondria for the purpose of maintaining mitochondrial function. Regulation of mtDNA and mitochondrial proteins by epigenetic changes and post-translational modifications facilitate crosstalk between the nucleus and the mitochondria and ultimately lead to the maintenance of cellular health and homeostasis. DNA methyl transferases have been identified in the mitochondria implicating that methylation occurs within this organelle; however, the extent to which mtDNA is methylated has been debated for many years. Mechanisms of demethylation within this organelle have also been postulated, but the exact mechanisms and their outcomes is still an active area of research. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the form of altered gene expression and ATP production, resulting from epigenetic changes, can lead to various conditions including aging-related neurodegenerative disorders, altered metabolism, changes in circadian rhythm, and cancer. Here, we provide an overview of the epigenetic regulation of mtDNA via methylation, long and short noncoding RNAs, and post-translational modifications of nucleoid proteins (as mitochondria lack histones). We also highlight the influence of xenobiotics such as airborne environmental pollutants, contamination from heavy metals, and therapeutic drugs on mtDNA methylation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 60:668-682, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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33
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Agrawal M, Pandey N, Rastogi M, Dogra S, Singh SK. Chikungunya virus modulates the miRNA expression patterns in human synovial fibroblasts. J Med Virol 2019; 92:139-148. [PMID: 31483508 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes. CHIKV infection leads to polyarthritis and polyarthralgia among patients. The synovial fibroblasts are the primary target for CHIKV. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are the small endogenous noncoding RNAs which posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) through their 3'-untranslated regions. The miRNAs are the key regulators for various pathological processes including viral infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. This study was designed to dissect out the roles of miRNAs during CHIKV (Ross Strain E1: A226V) infection in primary human synovial fibroblasts. The miRNA microarray profiling was performed on the primary human synovial fibroblasts infected by CHIKV. The gene target prediction analysis, enrichment, and network analysis were performed by various bioinformatics analyses. The subset of 26 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were identified through microarray profiling and were further screened for gene predictions, Gene Ontology, pathway enrichment, and miRNA-mRNA network using various bioinformatics tools. The bioinformatics analysis indicates the role of DEMs by suppressing the immune response which may contribute to CHIKV persistence in human primary synovial fibroblasts. Our study provides the plausible roles of DEMs, miRNAs, and mRNA interactions and pathways involved in the molecular pathogenesis of CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna Agrawal
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Pandey
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Meghana Rastogi
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Smriti Dogra
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Sunit K Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India
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MicroRNA-145 Protects against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury via CaMKII-Mediated Antiapoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8948657. [PMID: 31583047 PMCID: PMC6754948 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8948657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) has been shown to play an important role in cardiovascular system disorders; however, the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was aimed at elucidating the cardioprotective effects of miR-145 against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We established a rat myocardial I/R model with 45 min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion and 2 h reperfusion. The levels of myocardial enzymes, apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative indices were determined. The arrhythmia score was assessed by programmed electrical stimulation (PES). Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot were applied to evaluate the expression levels of miR-145 and related target proteins, respectively. I/R injury decreased the expression of miR-145; however, upregulated miR-145 markedly reduced the elevation of ST segment, decreased corrected QT (QTc) intervals, and attenuated I/R-induced electrophysiological instability. Furthermore, miR-145 suppressed myocardium apoptotic, inflammatory, and oxidative response as well as the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2 Ser2814), apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK), and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65. In summary, overexpression of miR-145 alleviates I/R-induced myocardial electrophysiological instability and apoptotic and inflammatory response via inhibition of the CaMKII-mediated ASK1 antiapoptotic pathway and NF-κB p65 anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Mitochondrial miR-762 regulates apoptosis and myocardial infarction by impairing ND2. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:500. [PMID: 31235686 PMCID: PMC6591419 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that act as negative regulators of gene expression, but how miRNAs affect mitochondrial function in the heart is unclear. Using a miRNA microarray assay, we found that miR-762 predominantly translocated in the mitochondria and was significantly upregulated upon anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) treatment. Knockdown of endogenous miR-762 significantly attenuated the decrease in intracellular ATP levels, the increase in ROS levels, the decrease in mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity and the increase in apoptotic cell death in cardiomyocytes, which was induced by A/R treatment. In addition, knockdown of miR-762 ameliorated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Mechanistically, we showed that enforced expression of miR-762 dramatically decreased the protein levels of endogenous NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) but had no effect on the transcript levels of ND2. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-762 bound to the coding sequence of ND2. In addition, knockdown of endogenous ND2 significantly decreased intracellular ATP levels, increased ROS levels, reduced mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity and increased apoptotic cell death in cardiomyocytes, which was induced by A/R treatment. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of miR-762 downregulation was attenuated by ND2 knockdown. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-762 participates in the regulation of mitochondrial function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by ND2, a core assembly subunit of mitochondrial complex I. Our results revealed that mitochondrial miR-762, as a new player in mitochondrial dysfunction, may provide a new therapeutic target for myocardial infarction.
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Wei GJ, Yuan MQ, Jiang LH, Lu YL, Liu CH, Luo HC, Huang HT, Qi ZQ, Wei YS. A Genetic Variant of miR-34a Contributes to Susceptibility of Ischemic Stroke Among Chinese Population. Front Physiol 2019; 10:432. [PMID: 31068831 PMCID: PMC6491571 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs modulating gene expression, and variants in miRNA genes are involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). However, the effect of miR-34a polymorphisms on IS susceptibility has rarely been reported. In the present study, we investigated the association between rs12128240, rs2666433, and rs6577555 of the miR-34a gene and IS susceptibility. Snapshot assay was used to detect miR-34a polymorphisms in 548 IS patients and 560 controls. Relative expression of miR-34a was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. We found that rs2666433 was associated with a significantly increased risk of IS (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.05-2.52, P = 0.031; AA vs. GG+GA: OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.05-2.45, P = 0.026). For the IS subtypes, rs2666433 was associated with large artery atherosclerosis (AA vs. GG: OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.16-3.51, P = 0.007; AA vs. GG+GA: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.15-3.33, P = 0.007; A vs. G: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07-1.81, P = 0.021). Additionally, the level of miR-34a was significantly up-regulated in IS patients compared to the controls (P < 0.001), and patients with rs2666433 AA genotype had a higher level of miR-34a than those with GG+GA genotypes (P < 0.001). Furthermore, increased level of homocysteine was observed in IS patients compared to the controls (P < 0.001), especially in patients carrying the rs2666433AA genotype compared to those carrying the rs2666433 GG+GA genotypes (P < 0.001). However, no significant association between rs12128240 or rs6577555 and IS was found. Collectively, our study found the association between miR-34a polymorphisms and the risk of IS among the Chinese population. The results may provide an explanation for etiology of IS and a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for IS. HIGHLIGHTS-MiR-34a rs2666433 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke.-The level of miR-34a was significantly up-regulated in ischemic stroke patients compared with controls, and patients with rs2666433 AA genotype had a higher level miR-34a than those with GG+GA genotypes.-Furthermore, increased level of homocysteine was showed in IS patients compared to controls, and in patients carrying the rs2666433AA compared to those carrying the rs2666433 GG+GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jiang Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ming-Qing Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Li-He Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-Lan Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chun-Hong Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hua-Tuo Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Zong-Quan Qi
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical College of Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Hendy OM, Rabie H, El Fouly A, Abdel-Samiee M, Abdelmotelb N, Elshormilisy AA, Allam M, Ali ST, Bahaa EL-Deen NM, Abdelsattar S, Mohamed SM. The Circulating Micro-RNAs (-122, -34a and -99a) as Predictive Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:2715-2723. [PMID: 31908512 PMCID: PMC6927587 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s231321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains essential for patient safety to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver rather than invasive techniques. AIM Our case-control study was to address the value of circulating miRNAs as a potential non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty acid diseases (NAFLD) and monitoring of disease progression. METHODS Routine clinical assessment, laboratory tests, anthropometric study, and liver biopsy results reported for 210 patients with NAFLD (124 patients of simple steatosis (SS) and 86 of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). Apparently matched for age and gender, healthy participants (n= 90) were enrolled as a control group. Serum samples were tested for micro-RNAs (-122, -34a and -99a) by quantitative-PCR. RESULTS By histopathology, 124 of the NAFLD group were of SS and 86 patients were of NASH. Compared with the control subjects, both mi-RNA-122 and -34a levels were increased in NAFLD (p< 001) and at a cut-off = 1.261, mi-RNA-122 had 92% sensitivity, 85% specificity to differentiate NAFLD from healthy controls, while mi-RNA-99a were significantly decreased in NAFLD patients with an observed decrease in disease severity, and at a cut-off = 0.46, miRNA-99a had 94% sensitivity and 96% specificity to discriminate SS from NASH. CONCLUSION The integration of a circulating mi-RNA panel to diagnose NAFLD cases and to discriminate between SS and NASH. Large-scale study is still needed to verify the other mi-RNA profiles and their role in NAFLD pathogenesis and targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfat M Hendy
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Hatem Rabie
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Amr El Fouly
- Endemic Medicine Department, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
- Correspondence: Mohamed Abdel-Samiee National Liver Institute, Yassin Abdel-Ghafar Street, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufia32511, EgyptTel +2048 2222740Fax +2048 2234685 Email
| | - Nashwa Abdelmotelb
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Mahmoud Allam
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Samia Taher Ali
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Somia Mokabel Mohamed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Cohen A, Paolella G, Lepretti M, Smith Y, Faggio C, Lionetti L. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by xenobiotic-induced microRNA: From environmental sentinel organisms to mammals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:79-88. [PMID: 30015121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in energetic metabolism, signaling pathways, and overall cell viability. They are in the first line in facing cellular energy requirements in stress conditions, such as in response to xenobiotic exposure. Recently, a novel regulatory key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in important signaling pathways in mitochondria has been proposed. Consequently, alteration in miRNAs expression by xenobiotics could outcome into mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species overexpression, and liberation of apoptosis or necrosis activating proteins. The aim of this review is to show the highlights about mitochondria-associated miRNAs in cellular processes exposed to xenobiotic stress in different cell types involved in detoxification processes or sensitive to environmental hazards in marine sentinel organisms and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Amit Cohen
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marilena Lepretti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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39
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as the master regulators of gene expression, and for the last two decades our knowledge of their functional reach keeps expanding. Recent studies have shown that a miRNA’s role in regulation extends to extracellular and intracellular organelles. Several studies have shown a role for miRNA in regulating the mitochondrial genome in normal and disease conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in many human pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and neurological diseases. These studies have shed some light on regulation of the mitochondrial genome as well as helped to explain the role of miRNA in altering mitochondrial function and the ensuing effects on cells. Although the field has grown in recent years, many questions still remain. For example, little is known about how nuclear-encoded miRNAs translocate to the mitochondrial matrix. Knowledge of the mechanisms of miRNA transport into the mitochondrial matrix is likely to provide important insights into our understanding of disease pathophysiology and could represent new targets for therapeutic intervention. For this review, our focus will be on the role of a subset of miRNAs, known as MitomiR, in mitochondrial function. We also discuss the potential mechanisms used by these nuclear-encoded miRNAs for import into the mitochondrial compartment. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/microrna-translocation-into-the-mitochondria/ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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40
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Vakrou S, Fukunaga R, Foster DB, Sorensen L, Liu Y, Guan Y, Woldemichael K, Pineda-Reyes R, Liu T, Tardiff JC, Leinwand LA, Tocchetti CG, Abraham TP, O'Rourke B, Aon MA, Abraham MR. Allele-specific differences in transcriptome, miRNome, and mitochondrial function in two hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse models. JCI Insight 2018; 3:94493. [PMID: 29563334 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) stems from mutations in sarcomeric proteins that elicit distinct biophysical sequelae, which in turn may yield radically different intracellular signaling and molecular pathologic profiles. These signaling events remain largely unaddressed by clinical trials that have selected patients based on clinical HCM diagnosis, irrespective of genotype. In this study, we determined how two mouse models of HCM differ, with respect to cellular/mitochondrial function and molecular biosignatures, at an early stage of disease. We show that hearts from young R92W-TnT and R403Q-αMyHC mutation-bearing mice differ in their transcriptome, miRNome, intracellular redox environment, mitochondrial antioxidant defense mechanisms, and susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Pathway analysis of mRNA-sequencing data and microRNA profiles indicate that R92W-TnT mutants exhibit a biosignature consistent with activation of profibrotic TGF-β signaling. Our results suggest that the oxidative environment and mitochondrial impairment in young R92W-TnT mice promote activation of TGF-β signaling that foreshadows a pernicious phenotype in young individuals. Of the two mutations, R92W-TnT is more likely to benefit from anti-TGF-β signaling effects conferred by angiotensin receptor blockers and may be responsive to mitochondrial antioxidant strategies in the early stage of disease. Molecular and functional profiling may therefore serve as aids to guide precision therapy for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Vakrou
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryuya Fukunaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - D Brian Foster
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lars Sorensen
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yamin Liu
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yufan Guan
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirubel Woldemichael
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roberto Pineda-Reyes
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill C Tardiff
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and the BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Theodore P Abraham
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brian O'Rourke
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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41
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Sabharwal A, Sharma D, Vellarikkal SK, Jayarajan R, Verma A, Senthivel V, Scaria V, Sivasubbu S. Organellar transcriptome sequencing reveals mitochondrial localization of nuclear encoded transcripts. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:59-68. [PMID: 29486245 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles involved in a variety of biological functions in the cell, apart from their principal role in generation of ATP, the cellular currency of energy. The mitochondria, in spite of being compact organelles, are capable of performing complex biological functions largely because of the ability to exchange proteins, RNA, chemical metabolites and other biomolecules between cellular compartments. A close network of biomolecular interactions are known to modulate the crosstalk between the mitochondria and the nuclear genome. Apart from the small repertoire of genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome, it is now known that the functionality of the organelle is highly reliant on a number of proteins encoded by the nuclear genome, which localize to the mitochondria. With exceptions to a few anecdotal examples, the transcripts that have the potential to localize to the mitochondria have been poorly studied. We used a deep sequencing approach to identify transcripts encoded by the nuclear genome which localize to the mitoplast in a zebrafish model. We prioritized 292 candidate transcripts of nuclear origin that are potentially localized to the mitochondrial matrix. We experimentally demonstrated that the transcript encoding the nuclear encoded ribosomal protein 11 (Rpl11) localizes to the mitochondria. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial localization of nuclear encoded transcripts. Our analysis has provided insights into a new layer of biomolecular pathways modulating mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk. This provides a starting point towards understanding the role of nuclear encoded transcripts that localize to mitochondria and their influence on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sabharwal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Disha Sharma
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Shamsudheen Karuthedath Vellarikkal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India
| | - Rijith Jayarajan
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Ankit Verma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Vigneshwar Senthivel
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India
| | - Vinod Scaria
- GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India.
| | - Sridhar Sivasubbu
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mathura Road, Delhi 110 020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR IGIB South Campus, Mathura Road, Delhi 110020, India.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are cytosolic organelles essential for generating energy and maintaining cell homeostasis. Despite their critical function, the handful of proteins expressed by the mitochondrial genome is insufficient to maintain mitochondrial structure or activity. Accordingly, mitochondrial metabolism is fully dependent on factors encoded by the nuclear DNA, including many proteins synthesized in the cytosol and imported into mitochondria via established mechanisms. However, there is growing evidence that mammalian mitochondria can also import cytosolic noncoding RNA via poorly understood processes. Here, we summarize our knowledge of mitochondrial RNA, discuss recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and functional impact of RNA import into mitochondria, and identify rising challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Kim
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Ji Heon Noh
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Kotb Abdelmohsen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Komseli ES, Pateras IS, Krejsgaard T, Stawiski K, Rizou SV, Polyzos A, Roumelioti FM, Chiourea M, Mourkioti I, Paparouna E, Zampetidis CP, Gumeni S, Trougakos IP, Pefani DE, O’Neill E, Gagos S, Eliopoulos AG, Fendler W, Chowdhury D, Bartek J, Gorgoulis VG. A prototypical non-malignant epithelial model to study genome dynamics and concurrently monitor micro-RNAs and proteins in situ during oncogene-induced senescence. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:37. [PMID: 29321003 PMCID: PMC5763532 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence is a fundamental biological process implicated in various pathologies, including cancer. Regarding carcinogenesis, senescence signifies, at least in its initial phases, an anti-tumor response that needs to be circumvented for cancer to progress. Micro-RNAs, a subclass of regulatory, non-coding RNAs, participate in senescence regulation. At the subcellular level micro-RNAs, similar to proteins, have been shown to traffic between organelles influencing cellular behavior. The differential function of micro-RNAs relative to their subcellular localization and their role in senescence biology raises concurrent in situ analysis of coding and non-coding gene products in senescent cells as a necessity. However, technical challenges have rendered in situ co-detection unfeasible until now. METHODS In the present report we describe a methodology that bypasses these technical limitations achieving for the first time simultaneous detection of both a micro-RNA and a protein in the biological context of cellular senescence, utilizing the new commercially available SenTraGorTM compound. The method was applied in a prototypical human non-malignant epithelial model of oncogene-induced senescence that we generated for the purposes of the study. For the characterization of this novel system, we applied a wide range of cellular and molecular techniques, as well as high-throughput analysis of the transcriptome and micro-RNAs. RESULTS This experimental setting has three advantages that are presented and discussed: i) it covers a "gap" in the molecular carcinogenesis field, as almost all corresponding in vitro models are fibroblast-based, even though the majority of neoplasms have epithelial origin, ii) it recapitulates the precancerous and cancerous phases of epithelial tumorigenesis within a short time frame under the light of natural selection and iii) it uses as an oncogenic signal, the replication licensing factor CDC6, implicated in both DNA replication and transcription when over-expressed, a characteristic that can be exploited to monitor RNA dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, we demonstrate that our model is optimal for studying the molecular basis of epithelial carcinogenesis shedding light on the tumor-initiating events. The latter may reveal novel molecular targets with clinical benefit. Besides, since this method can be incorporated in a wide range of low, medium or high-throughput image-based approaches, we expect it to be broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini-Stavroula Komseli
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3c, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 15 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sophia V. Rizou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Fani-Marlen Roumelioti
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chiourea
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Paparouna
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos P. Zampetidis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dafni-Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Eric O’Neill
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Sarantis Gagos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 15 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínská, 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4QL UK
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Lu M, Wang Y, Zhou S, Xu J, Li J, Tao R, Zhu Y. MicroRNA-370 suppresses the progression and proliferation of human astrocytoma and glioblastoma by negatively regulating β-catenin and causing activation of FOXO3a. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1093-1098. [PMID: 29399110 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain microRNAs (miRs) regulate the progression and metastasis of various cancer types. In the present study, the role of miR-370 in the progression and proliferation of human astrocytoma and glioblastoma cells was assessed and the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated. miR-370 levels in clinical specimens of human glioma and peritumoral tissues were determined by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Oligonucleotide mimics and inhibitors were transfected into the U-251MG human astrocytoma cell line and the and U-87MG glioblastoma cell line and the cell viability of was determined by an MTT assay. The expression of β-catenin and forkhead box protein (FOX)O3a was determined by western blot analysis. The results revealed that the expression of miR-370 in human glioma tissues was significantly decreased compared with that in peritumoral tissues. The miR-370 levels in patients with grade III/IV gliomas were significantly decreased compared with those in grade I/II. Transfection with miR-370 mimics inhibited the proliferation of U-251MG and U-87MG cells. Furthermore, the miR-370 levels were negatively correlated with β-catenin and positively correlated with nuclear FOXO3a. In conclusion, miR-370 inhibited the proliferation of human glioma cells by regulating the levels of β-catenin and the activation of FOXO3a, suggesting that miR-370 was a tumor suppressor in the progression of human astrocytoma and glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Shizhen Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Rongjie Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
| | - Yufang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China
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45
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Mitochondria Associated MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Heart Failure. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4042509. [PMID: 29147650 PMCID: PMC5632880 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4042509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and energy metabolism impairment. MicroRNAs are implicated in the development of heart failure. However, the mitochondria enriched microRNA during heart failure remains elusive. Here, we generated a pressure overload-induced early and late stage heart failure model at 4 weeks and 8 weeks following transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. We found that expression of mitochondrion protein COX4 was highly enriched in isolated mitochondria from cardiac tissues while GAPDH could hardly be detected. Furthermore, small RNA sequencing for mitochondria RNAs from failing hearts was performed. It was found that 69 microRNAs were upregulated and 2 were downregulated in early heart failure, while 16 microRNAs were upregulated and 6 were downregulated in late heart failure. 15 microRNA candidates were measured in both mitochondria and total cardiac tissues of heart failure by real-time PCR. MiR-696, miR-532, miR-690, and miR-345-3p were enriched in mitochondria from the failing heart at early stage. Bioinformatics analysis showed that mitochondria enriched microRNAs in HF were associated with energy metabolism and oxidative stress pathway. For the first time, we demonstrated microRNAs were enriched in mitochondria during heart failure, which established a link between microRNA and mitochondrion in heart failure.
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46
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Riggs CL, Podrabsky JE. Small noncoding RNA expression during extreme anoxia tolerance of annual killifish (Austrofundulus limnaeus) embryos. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:505-518. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00016.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs (sncRNA) have recently emerged as specific and rapid regulators of gene expression, involved in a myriad of cellular and organismal processes. MicroRNAs, a class of sncRNAs, are differentially expressed in diverse taxa in response to environmental stress, including anoxia. In most vertebrates, a brief period of oxygen deprivation results in severe tissue damage or death. Studies on sncRNA and anoxia have focused on these anoxia-sensitive species. Studying sncRNAs in anoxia-tolerant organisms may provide insight into adaptive mechanisms supporting anoxia tolerance. Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus are the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrates known, surviving over 100 days at their peak tolerance at 25°C. Their anoxia tolerance and physiology vary over development, such that both anoxia-tolerant and anoxia-sensitive phenotypes comprise the species. This allows for a robust comparison to identify sncRNAs essential to anoxia-tolerance. For this study, RNA sequencing was used to identify and quantify expression of sncRNAs in four embryonic stages of A. limnaeus in response to an exposure to anoxia and subsequent aerobic recovery. Unique stage-specific patterns of expression were identified that correlate with anoxia tolerance. In addition, embryos of A. limnaeus appear to constitutively express stress-responsive miRNAs. Most differentially expressed sncRNAs were expressed at higher levels during recovery. Many novel groups of sncRNAs with expression profiles suggesting a key role in anoxia tolerance were identified, including sncRNAs derived from mitochondrial tRNAs. This global analysis has revealed groups of candidate sncRNAs that we hypothesize support anoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Riggs
- Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon
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47
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Shepherd DL, Hathaway QA, Pinti MV, Nichols CE, Durr AJ, Sreekumar S, Hughes KM, Stine SM, Martinez I, Hollander JM. Exploring the mitochondrial microRNA import pathway through Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017; 110:15-25. [PMID: 28709769 PMCID: PMC5854179 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. During the diabetic condition, cardiovascular dysfunction can be partially attributed to molecular changes in the tissue, including alterations in microRNA (miRNA) interactions. MiRNAs have been reported in the mitochondrion and their presence may influence cellular bioenergetics, creating decrements in functional capacity. In this study, we examined the roles of Argonaute 2 (Ago2), a protein associated with cytosolic and mitochondrial miRNAs, and Polynucleotide Phosphorylase (PNPase), a protein found in the inner membrane space of the mitochondrion, to determine their role in mitochondrial miRNA import. In cardiac tissue from human and mouse models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, Ago2 protein levels were unchanged while PNPase protein expression levels were increased; also, there was an increase in the association between both proteins in the diabetic state. MiRNA-378 was found to be significantly increased in db/db mice, leading to decrements in ATP6 levels and ATP synthase activity, which was also exhibited when overexpressing PNPase in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and in HL-1 cells with stable miRNA-378 overexpression (HL-1-378). To assess potential therapeutic interventions, flow cytometry evaluated the capacity for targeting miRNA-378 species in mitochondria through antimiR treatment, revealing miRNA-378 level-dependent inhibition. Our study establishes PNPase as a contributor to mitochondrial miRNA import through the transport of miRNA-378, which may regulate bioenergetics during type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further, our data provide evidence that manipulation of PNPase levels may enhance the delivery of antimiR therapeutics to mitochondria in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Shepherd
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Mark V Pinti
- Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Cody E Nichols
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Andrya J Durr
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Shruthi Sreekumar
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Kristen M Hughes
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Seth M Stine
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Ivan Martinez
- Cancer Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - John M Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States.
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48
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Chen X, Zhao W, Yuan Y, Bai Y, Sun Y, Zhu W, Du Z. MicroRNAs tend to synergistically control expression of genes encoding extensively-expressed proteins in humans. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3682. [PMID: 28828274 PMCID: PMC5560240 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering complicated microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and action mechanisms, it was thought so high energy-consuming for a cell to afford simultaneous over-expression of many miRNAs. Thus it prompts that an alternative miRNA regulation pattern on protein-encoding genes must exist, which has characteristics of energy-saving and precise protein output. In this study, expression tendency of proteins encoded by miRNAs’ target genes was evaluated in human organ scale, followed by quantitative assessment of miRNA synergism. Expression tendency analysis suggests that universally expressed proteins (UEPs) tend to physically interact in clusters and participate in fundamental biological activities whereas disorderly expressed proteins (DEPs) are inclined to relatively independently execute organ-specific functions. Consistent with this, miRNAs that mainly target UEP-encoding mRNAs, such as miR-21, tend to collaboratively or even synergistically act with other miRNAs in fine-tuning protein output. Synergistic gene regulation may maximize miRNAs’ efficiency with less dependence on miRNAs’ abundance and overcome the deficiency that targeting plenty of genes by single miRNA makes miRNA-mediated regulation high-throughput but insufficient due to target gene dilution effect. Furthermore, our in vitro experiment verified that merely 25 nM transfection of miR-21 be sufficient to influence the overall state of various human cells. Thus miR-21 was identified as a hub in synergistic miRNA–miRNA interaction network. Our findings suggest that synergistic miRNA–miRNA interaction is an important endogenous miRNA regulation mode, which ensures adequate potency of miRNAs at low abundance, especially those implicated in fundamental biological regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Harbin Medical University), Harbin, China
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49
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Baradan R, Hollander JM, Das S. Mitochondrial miRNAs in diabetes: just the tip of the iceberg. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1156-1162. [PMID: 28467860 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 2 decades, mi(cro)RNAs have emerged as one of the key regulators of metabolic homeostasis. Most of the studies have highlighted that, in the cytoplasm, miRNAs directly bind to the 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of a mRNA. Conventional RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) formation results in the post-transcriptional inhibition. This process is known to contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. Recent advancements with small RNA detection technologies have enabled us to identify miRNAs in the mitochondrial compartment of the cells. We have termed these miRNAs, which translocate into the mitochondria as mitochondrial miRNA, MitomiR. It has been demonstrated that MitomiRs can regulate gene expression, with some evidence even suggesting that, after translocation, MitomiRs can bind to the 3'-end of a mitochondrial gene, altering its regulation. Our main focus in this review is to highlight the potential role of MitomiR in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Baradan
- a Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,b School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman University, Tamilnadu, India
| | - John M Hollander
- c Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Samarjit Das
- a Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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50
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miR-181b regulates vascular stiffness age dependently in part by regulating TGF-β signaling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174108. [PMID: 28323879 PMCID: PMC5360327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening play major roles in cardiovascular diseases. The critical role for the miR-181 family in vascular inflammation has been documented. Here we tested whether the miR-181 family can influence the pathogenesis of hypertension and vascular stiffening. METHODS AND RESULTS qPCR data showed a significant decrease in miR-181b expression in the aorta of the older mice. Eight miR-181a1/b1-/- mice and wild types (C57BL6J:WT) were followed weekly for pulse wave velocity (PWV) and blood pressure measurements. After 20 weeks, the mice were tested for endothelial function and aortic modulus. There was a progressive increase in PWV and higher systolic blood pressure in miR-181a1/b1-/- mice compared with WTs. At 21 weeks, aortic modulus was significantly greater in the miR-181a1/b1-/- group, and serum TGF-β was found to be elevated at this time. A luciferase reporter assay confirmed miR-181b targets TGF-βi (TGF-β induced) in the aortic VSMCs. In contrast, wire myography revealed unaltered endothelial function along with higher nitric oxide production in the miR-181a1/b1-/- group. Cultured VECs and VSMCs from the mouse aorta showed more secreted TGF-β in VSMCs of the miR-181a1/b1-/- group; whereas, no change was observed from VECs. Circulating levels of angiotensin II were similar in both groups. Treatment with losartan (0.6 g/L) prevented the increase in PWV, blood pressure, and vascular stiffness in miR-181a1/b1-/- mice. Immunohistochemistry and western blot for p-SMAD2/3 validated the inhibitory effect of losartan on TGF-β signaling in miR-181a1/b1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Decreased miR-181b with aging plays a critical role in ECM remodeling by removing the brake on the TGF-β, pSMAD2/3 pathway.
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