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Rabelo ACS, Andrade AKDL, Costa DC. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Studies. Nutrients 2024; 16:1174. [PMID: 38674865 PMCID: PMC11055095 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (AFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids in liver cells owing to the metabolism of ethanol. This process leads to a decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio and the generation of reactive oxygen species. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the role of oxidative stress in AFLD. A total of 201 eligible manuscripts were included, which revealed that animals with AFLD exhibited elevated expression of CYP2E1, decreased enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced levels of the transcription factor Nrf2, which plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, animals with AFLD exhibited increased levels of lipid peroxidation markers and carbonylated proteins, collectively contributing to a weakened antioxidant defense and increased oxidative damage. The liver damage in AFLD was supported by significantly higher activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase enzymes. Moreover, animals with AFLD had increased levels of triacylglycerol in the serum and liver, likely due to reduced fatty acid metabolism caused by decreased PPAR-α expression, which is responsible for fatty acid oxidation, and increased expression of SREBP-1c, which is involved in fatty acid synthesis. With regard to inflammation, animals with AFLD exhibited elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-a, IL-1β, and IL-6. The heightened oxidative stress, along with inflammation, led to an upregulation of cell death markers, such as caspase-3, and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Overall, the findings of the review and meta-analysis indicate that ethanol metabolism reduces important markers of antioxidant defense while increasing inflammatory and apoptotic markers, thereby contributing to the development of AFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-001, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35402-163, Brazil
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Yao Y, Li R, Liu D, Long L, He N. Rosmarinic acid alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by targeting Nrf2 and NEK7-NLRP3 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113773. [PMID: 35753269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol with various biological activities, such as anti-oxidative, anti-fibrotic, and hepatoprotective properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of RA against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity (AILI) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Kunming mice were treated with RA (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg, i.g) for 7d, followed by an intraperitoneal injection of APAP (500 mg/kg). The liver injury was evaluated by serum biochemical and liver histopathological examinations. Human HepG2 cells were pre-treated with RA (20, 40, or 80 μmol/L) and then incubated with APAP (25 mmol/L) for 24 h. The MTT assay, wound healing assay, transwell migration assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting were employed to further evaluate RA's protective effects on AILI and explore the mechanisms. The results indicated that RA pre-treatment lowered the serum ALT and AST levels, ameliorated the histological damage to the liver, and reduced ROS generation and the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in the liver tissues in APAP-treated mice. Moreover, pre-treatment with RA could promote the cell viability and migration ability and inhibit apoptosis in APAP-treated HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, RA could significantly suppress the APAP-induced activation of the NEK7-NLRP3 signaling pathway. Notably, depletion of Nrf2 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) partly eliminated the protective effects of RA on AILI and the suppression of NEK7-NLRP3 signaling by RA. In summary, these results indicate that RA has a protective role against AILI through Nrf2-mediated inhibition of ROS production and suppression of the NEK7-NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Lihui Long
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
| | - Na He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, PR China
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Gao S, Shi J, Wang K, Tan Y, Hong H, Luo Y. Protective effects of oyster protein hydrolysates on alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) in mice: based on the mechanism of anti-oxidative metabolism. Food Funct 2022; 13:8411-8424. [PMID: 35857308 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00660j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many bioactivities of hydrolysates from oyster (Crassostrea gigas) muscle have been reported, while there is no knowledge about their protective effects on alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). In the present study, the anti-oxidative activities in vitro and molecular weight distribution of oyster protein hydrolysates (OPH) were detected and the OPH released by alcalase (AOPH) was used to treat C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a Lindros control diet to establish an ethanol-exposed model. The content of small-weight components (<2.0 kDa) of OPH reached 90.85%. AOPH showed more potent antioxidant activities in vitro with higher reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and those capacities could be maintained at a high level after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Compared to the model mice, oral administration (4 weeks) of AOPH at 800 mg per kg body weight could lead to a decline in T-AOC, GSH-PX, and ADH in the liver. The hepatocellular lesions were effectively relieved and impaired liver tissue development was successfully inhibited. A total of 834 genes and 54 proteins showed differential expression in the AOPH group and the oxidative metabolic pathways of ethanol such as oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism, peroxisomes, the PPAR signaling pathway and drug metabolism-cytochrome P450 play a preeminent role in ALD according to the results of transcriptomics and proteomics. The beneficial effects of AOPH were available in the improvement of ALD. These results revealed that AOPH intervention ameliorated ALD by affecting oxidative metabolism and highlighting AOPH's potential application as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jing Shi
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yuqing Tan
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hui Hong
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yongkang Luo
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,National Research and Development Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, China
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Zhou L, Huang Y, Han Z, Wang J, Sun N, Zhang R, Dong W, Deng C, Zhuang G. Effects of rosmarinic acid on the inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis rat models after PM2.5 exposure. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24316. [PMID: 35285093 PMCID: PMC8993598 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown the promising prospects of rosmarinic acid (RosA) for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RosA on inflammatory reaction in rat models of allergic rhinitis (AR) after PM2.5 exposure. METHODS Allergic rhinitis rat models were established by ovalbumin sensitization, and PM2.5 was applied at a concentration of 1000 μg/m3 , 3 h a day for 30 consecutive days. RosA was administered via intraperitoneal injection (20 mg/kg/d) for seven consecutive days. Allergic nasal symptoms were recorded. The expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, interferon (INF)-γ, and OVA-sIgE were determined by ELISA. Histopathological changes in nasal mucosa were observed by HE staining. mRNA expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 in nasal mucosa were detected by RT-PCR. NF-κBp65 in cell nuclei and IκBα in cytoplasm were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure worsened allergic nasal symptoms in AR rats, while RosA ameliorated these symptoms. Histopathologically, AR rats exhibited disorganized nasal mucosal epithelium, cell exfoliation, eosinophilic infiltration of lamina propria, gland swelling, and submucosal vascular congestion, which were aggravated by PM2.5 exposure and alleviated by RosA. RosA decreased the expressions of IL-4, IL-13, and increased the level of IFN-γ in PM2.5-exposed AR rats. After RosA intervention, the expressions of GATA-3 mRNA and NF-κBp65 in PM2.5-exposed AR rats were significantly reduced, while those of T-bet mRNA and IκBα were markedly increased. CONCLUSION Rosmarinic acid may alleviate symptoms of AR rat models exposed to PM2.5 through the modulation of the NF-κB pathway and Th1/Th2 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhou
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhijin Han
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Na Sun
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weiyang Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry StudyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Congrui Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry StudyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guoshun Zhuang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry StudyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in Preclinical In Vivo Models of Inflammation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030609. [PMID: 35163873 PMCID: PMC8840442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of Rosmarinus officinalis in preclinical in vivo models of inflammation. A search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with related keywords. The inclusion criteria were inflammation, plant, and studies on rats or mice; while, the exclusion criteria were reviews, studies with in vitro models, and associated plants. The predominant animal models were paw edema, acute liver injury, and asthma. Rosemary was more commonly used in its entirety than in compounds, and the prevalent methods of extraction were maceration and hydrodistillation. The most common routes of administration reported were gavage, intraperitoneal, and oral, on a route-dependent dosage. Treatment took place daily, or was single-dose, on average for 21 days, and it more often started before the induction. The most evaluated biomarkers were tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The best results emerged at a dose of 60 mg/kg, via IP of carnosic acid, a dose of 400 mg/kg via gavage of Rosmarinus officinalis, and a dose of 10 mg/kg via IP of rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinus officinalis L. showed anti-inflammatory activity before and after induction of treatments.
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Yu Y, Wu Y, Yan HZ, Xia ZR, Wen W, Liu DY, Wan LH. Rosmarinic acid ameliorates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in mice via RACK1/TNF-α mediated antioxidant effect. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1286-1293. [PMID: 34517734 PMCID: PMC8451635 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1974059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Rosmarinic acid (RA) dose-dependently ameliorates acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. However, whether RA hepatoprotective effect is by regulating RACK1 and its downstream signals is still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study explores the RA protective effect on APAP-induced ALI and its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Kunming mice 6-8 weeks old were randomly separated into six groups (n = 10) and pre-treated with normal saline, ammonium glycyrrhetate (AG) or RA (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg i.p./day) for two consecutive weeks. Then, APAP (300 mg/kg, i.g.) was administrated to induce ALI, except for the control. Serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and histopathology were used to authenticate RA effect. The liver RACK1 and TNF-α were measured by western blot. RESULTS Compared with the APAP group, different dosages RA significantly decreased ALT (52.09 ± 7.98, 55.13 ± 10.19, 65.08 ± 27.61 U/L, p < 0.05), AST (114.78 ± 19.87, 115.29 ± 31.91, 101.78 ± 21.85 U/L, p < 0.05), MDA (2.37 ± 0.87, 2.13 ± 0.87, 1.86 ± 0.39 nmol/mg, p < 0.01) and increased SOD (306.178 ± 90.80, 459.21 ± 58.54, 444.01 ± 78.09 U/mg, p < 0.05). With increasing doses of RA, RACK1 and TNF-α expression decreased. Moreover, the RACK1 and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with MDA (r = 0.8453 and r = 0.9391, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our findings support RA as a hepatoprotective agent to improve APAP-induced ALI and the antioxidant effect mediated through RACK1/TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hao-zheng Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zi-ru Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dan-yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Li-hong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Zhou Q, Gu R, Xue B, Li P, Gu Q. Phenyl lactic acid alleviates Samonella Typhimurium-induced colitis via regulating microbiota composition, SCFA production and inflammatory responses. Food Funct 2021; 12:5591-5606. [PMID: 34017972 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Colitis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NST) infection is increasingly serious and widespread, so new effective treatment strategies with little or no side-effects are urgently needed. Our previous research found that phenyl lactic acid (PLA) derived from Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 can effectively inhibit Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). In this study, we further investigated the protective effects of this PLA against S. Typhimurium-induced colitis in mice. An infection model was established using female C57BL/6J mice by oral administration of 109 CFU mL-1 of S. Typhimurium, and PLA was supplied for 10 days after infection. In colitic mice, PLA administration reduced the disease activity index, prevented the colon shortening and spleen enlargement, decreased liver enzyme (AST and ALT) activities, and alleviated the colonic tissue damage. RT-qPCR analysis showed that PLA significantly down-regulated the levels of NF-κB, TLR4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β and TNF-α), but stimulated the mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Changes in intestinal microecology were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. PLA modulated colonic microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus, Butyricicoccus and Roseburia, and reducing Salmonella and Alloprevotella at the genus level. In addition, PLA significantly increased the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon, especially propionic acid and butyric acid. These findings revealed that PLA has potential benefits on alleviating S. Typhimurium-induced colitis mainly through intestinal microbiota regulation and inflammation elimination, providing a new perspective for the NTS infection treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Rongcheng Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Bingyao Xue
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Heidari F, Komeili-Movahhed T, Hamidizad Z, Moslehi A. The protective effects of rosmarinic acid on ethanol-induced gastritis in male rats: antioxidant defense enhancement. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:305-314. [PMID: 34221064 PMCID: PMC8216161 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Gastritis is one of the most current gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one of the major factors, which provides gastritis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is found in many plants and has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the protective effect of RA was evaluated on the histopathological indices, antioxidant ability, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in male rats. Experimental approach: Forty-two animals were divided into control, ethanol-induced gastritis, and RA groups, 6 each. The protective groups included RA administration before gastritis induction at 50 mg (R-G50), 100 mg (R-G100), 150 mg (R-G150), and 200 mg (R-G200) doses. Gastritis was induced by gavage of 1 mL pure ethanol in fasted animals. After 1 h of gastritis induction, the rats were sacrificed and stomach tissue was removed. Findings/Results: Histological evaluation revealed that RA significantly attenuated gastric ulcers, leucocyte infiltration, and hyperemia. It also increased mucosal layer thickness and restored gastric glands. Furthermore, RA decreased malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the stomach tissue, and raised gastric PGE2 level. Conclusion and implications: Our study demonstrated that rosmarinic acid has a notable effect on gastritis protection that could be due to increased antioxidant defense and PGE2 secretion, eventually maintenance of mucosal barrier integrity and gastric glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Hamidizad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
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Wang Y, Meng J, Men L, An B, Jin X, He W, Lu S, Li N. Rosmarinic Acid Protects Mice from Concanavalin A-Induced Hepatic Injury through AMPK Signaling. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1749-1759. [PMID: 32893253 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is extensively utilized in herbal medicine in China. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling can be activated by RA and inhibited by the synthetic, reversible AMP-competitive inhibitor, Compound C (CC). The objective of this study was to investigate the role of AMPK signaling involving the protective effects of RA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in mice. BALB/c mice were treated with RA, with or without CC, followed by the pretreatment with Con A. Analysis of serum aminotransferases and cytokines were conducted and liver tissue histology was performed to evaluate hepatic injury. Cytokine levels in serum and hepatic tissue were respectively measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and used quantitative (q)PCR. Levels of phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase in the liver, representing AMPK activation, were detected by Western blotting. Compared with the Con A group, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in RA group (100 and 150 mg/kg/d) were significantly reduced. RA also reduced hepatocyte swelling, cell death, and infiltration of leukocytes in the liver of Con A-treated mice. Serum levels of cytokines, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), were reduced by RA pretreatment, while the levels of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, was elevated. These protective effects were reversed by treatment with CC. RA treatment reduced the hepatic damage via the activation of AMPK in the mice of Con A-induced. So RA acts as a potential part in the therapy of autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Lu Men
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Boran An
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Xiaoxu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hebei Medical University No.2 Hospital
| | - Wenjuan He
- Internal Medicine Department, Yi Country Hospital
| | - Sucai Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University
| | - Na Li
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medicine College of Hebei University
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10
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Liang Z, Wu L, Deng X, Liang Q, Xu Y, Deng R, Lv L, Ji M, Hao Z, He J. The Antioxidant Rosmarinic Acid Ameliorates Oxidative Lung Damage in Experimental Allergic Asthma via Modulation of NADPH Oxidases and Antioxidant Enzymes. Inflammation 2020; 43:1902-1912. [PMID: 32519269 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can induce lung damage and aggravate airway inflammation in asthma. Previously, we reported that rosmarinic acid (RA) exerted strong anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse allergic asthma model. Therefore, we hypothesized that RA might also have antioxidative effects in a superimposed asthma mouse model with oxidative lung damage challenged with ovalbumin (Ova) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We evaluated the antioxidative and anti-asthmatic activity of RA and explored its possible mechanisms of action. Mice sensitized to Ova and challenged with Ova and H2O2 were treated with RA 1 h after challenge. RA treatment greatly diminished the number of inflammatory cells; decreased IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production; increased IFN-γ secretion; significantly downregulated ROS production; and markedly upregulated the activities of SOD, GPx, and CAT. Furthermore, RA treatment resulted in a significant increase in the expression of Cu/Zn SOD and a notable reduction in NOX-2 and NOX-4 expression in lung tissues. These findings suggest that RA may effectively alleviate oxidative lung damage and airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmin Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangfeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Lv
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Hao
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakang He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Guo C, Shangguan Y, Zhang M, Ruan Y, Xue G, Ma J, Yang J, Qiu L. Rosmarinic acid alleviates ethanol-induced lipid accumulation by repressing fatty acid biosynthesis. Food Funct 2020; 11:2094-2106. [PMID: 32129352 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02357g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that rosmarinic acid is a valuable natural product for treatment of alcoholic liver disease. However, the mechanisms whereby rosmarinic acid improves alcoholic liver disease remain unclear. Here we performed experiments using a non-transformed mouse hepatocyte cell line (AML12). Oil-red O staining demonstrated that rosmarinic acid reduced ethanol-induced lipid accumulation. It was shown that rosmarinic acid prevented ethanol-induced elevation of the malondialdehyde level. We also found that rosmarinic acid inhibited ethanol-induced mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6. Metabolomics analysis revealed that rosmarinic acid ameliorated ethanol-induced fatty acid biosynthesis in the cytoplasm. In addition, palmitic acid was a candidate biomarker in cells exposed to ethanol or ethanol plus rosmarinic acid. Rosmarinic acid prevented the ethanol-induced increase in sorbitol that is a component of the polyol pathway. Moreover, we confirmed that rosmarinic acid attenuated ethanol-induced mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase, probably by modulating the AMPK/SREBP-1c pathway. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid prevented the ethanol-induced decrease in eight metabolites that are involved in mitochondrial metabolism, including glycine and succinic acid which are the components of carnitine synthesis. These results provide a crucial insight into the molecular mechanism of rosmarinic acid in alleviating ethanol-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Elufioye TO, Habtemariam S. Hepatoprotective effects of rosmarinic acid: Insight into its mechanisms of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108600. [PMID: 30780110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases such as hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are one of the major health challenges in the world and many conditions such as inadequate nutrition, viral infection, ethanol and drug abuse, xenobiotic exposure, and metabolic diseases have been implicated in the development and progression of liver diseases. Several factors including lipid peroxidation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite formation, complement factors and proinflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, are involved in hepatic diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural phenolic compound found mainly in the family Lamiaceae consisting of several medicinal plants, herbs and spices. Several biological activities have been reported for RA and these include antioxidant properties as a ROS scavenger and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antiangiogenic among others. This review is aimed at discussing the effects of RA on the liver, highlighting its hepatoprotective potential and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo O Elufioye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Maritime Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
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13
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Gonçalves GA, Corrêa RCG, Barros L, Dias MI, Calhelha RC, Correa VG, Bracht A, Peralta RM, Ferreira ICFR. Effects of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation on a rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L) extract rich in rosmarinic acid. Food Chem 2019; 271:393-400. [PMID: 30236693 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The potential phytochemical losses occurring throughout the sequential steps of in-vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of a rosemary aqueous extract were investigated. Crude (CE), digested (DE) and fermented (FE) extracts were characterized in terms of their phenolic profile and biological activities. Rosmarinic acid was the phytochemical that underwent the most significate transformation during digestion and fermentation, which amounted to 60% compared to the 26% degradation of the total phenolics. Overall, the simulated digestion step decreased the antioxidant activity estimated by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC and TBARS assays. Both CE and DE did not present antiproliferative potential, however, FE exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic activity (GI50 = 116 µg/mL) against HeLa cells. CE and DE showed to be moderate inhibitors of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), S. aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, whilst the FE acted as a moderate inhibitor of MRSA and MSSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geferson A Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rúbia C G Corrêa
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ricardo C Calhelha
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Vanesa G Correa
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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14
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Balachander GJ, Subramanian S, Ilango K. Rosmarinic acid attenuates hepatic steatosis by modulating ER stress and autophagy in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26656-26663. [PMID: 35547559 PMCID: PMC9087887 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02849d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty acid disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging entity of liver disorders worldwide. Oxidative stress and deranged autophagy-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been recognized as one of the prime factors involved in the pathological mechanism underlying NAFLD and progressive non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH). Epidemiological and experimental data reveal the potency of dietary polyphenols in averting NAFLD. In this line, to analyse and address the underlying pathogenic mechanisms, in the present study, oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells were treated with rosmarinic acid (RA), a dietary polyphenol with well-established cytoprotective properties. Treatment with rosmarinic acid (20 μg) was found to potently counter the elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). Additionally, exposure of oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells to rosmarinic acid showed reduced levels of ROS and increased activity of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants. The steatotic HepG2 cells presented a pronounced increase in the expression of key ER stress markers such as p-PERK, p-IRE-1, ATF-6, p-eIF-α and CHOP, which was considerably reduced upon treatment with rosmarinic acid. Moreover, exposure to rosmarinic acid altered the deranged autophagic mechanism in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells, which was observed via the protein expression of Beclin 1, LC31, ATG5 and ATG7. This study demonstrates that rosmarinic acid abrogates NAFLD via diminishing ER stress by nullifying oxidative stress and restoring deranged autophagy and can be used as a potent adjunct in the treatment of NAFLD, thus illustrating the valuable application of polyphenols in combating NAFLD. Non-alcoholic fatty acid disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging entity of liver disorders worldwide.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraj Jayanthy Balachander
- Molecular Biology Division
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM)
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Kattankulathur
- India
| | | | - Kaliappan Ilango
- Molecular Biology Division
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM)
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology
- Kattankulathur
- India
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