1
|
Majumder A, Bano S. How the Western Diet Thwarts the Epigenetic Efforts of Gut Microbes in Ulcerative Colitis and Its Association with Colorectal Cancer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:633. [PMID: 38927037 PMCID: PMC11201633 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the colon, leading to ulcer development, loss of colon function, and bloody diarrhea. The human gut ecosystem consists of almost 2000 different species of bacteria, forming a bioreactor fueled by dietary micronutrients to produce bioreactive compounds, which are absorbed by our body and signal to distant organs. Studies have shown that the Western diet, with fewer short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), can alter the gut microbiome composition and cause the host's epigenetic reprogramming. Additionally, overproduction of H2S from the gut microbiome due to changes in diet patterns can further activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in UC. This review discusses how the Western diet affects the microbiome's function and alters the host's physiological homeostasis and susceptibility to UC. This article also covers the epidemiology, prognosis, pathophysiology, and current treatment strategies for UC, and how they are linked to colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li B, Liu S, He Z, Luo E, Liu H. The role of zinc finger proteins in the fate determination of mesenchymal stem cells during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 167:106507. [PMID: 38142772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) constitute a crucial group of transcription factors widely present in various organisms. They act as transcription factors, nucleases, and RNA-binding proteins, playing significant roles in cell differentiation, growth, and development. With extensive research on ZFPs, their roles in the determination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) fate during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation processes have become increasingly clear. ZFP521, for instance, is identified as an inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway and RUNX2's transcriptional activity, effectively suppressing osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, ZFP217 contributes to the inhibition of adipogenic differentiation by reducing the M6A level of the cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 (CCND1). In addition, other ZFPs can also influence the fate of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through various signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic controls, participating in the subsequent differentiation and maturation of precursor cells. Given the prevalent occurrence of osteoporosis, obesity, and related metabolic disorders, a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms balancing bone and fat metabolism is essential, with a particular focus on the fate determination of MSCs in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of how zinc finger proteins influence the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of MSCs through different signaling pathways, transcription factors, and epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, we outline the regulatory mechanisms of ZFPs in controlling osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation based on various stages of MSC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ze He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Majumder A. Evolving CAR-T-Cell Therapy for Cancer Treatment: From Scientific Discovery to Cures. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:39. [PMID: 38201467 PMCID: PMC10777914 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy has emerged as the most promising immunotherapy for cancer that typically uses patients' T cells and genetically engineered them to target cancer cells. Although recent improvements in CAR-T-cell therapy have shown remarkable success for treating hematological malignancies, the heterogeneity in tumor antigens and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) limits its efficacy in solid tumors. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made to make CAR-T-cell therapy more effective and have minimal side effects for treating hematological malignancies, more research needs to be conducted regarding its use in the clinic for treating various other types of cancer. The main concern for CAR-T-cell therapy is severe toxicities due to the cytokine release syndrome, whereas the other challenges are associated with complexity and immune-suppressing TME, tumor antigen heterogeneity, the difficulty of cell trafficking, CAR-T-cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxicity in the tumor site. This review discussed the latest discoveries in CAR-T-cell therapy strategies and combination therapies, as well as their effectiveness in different cancers. It also encompasses ongoing clinical trials; current challenges regarding the therapeutic use of CAR-T-cell therapy, especially for solid tumors; and evolving treatment strategies to improve the therapeutic application of CAR-T-cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clark JSC, Podsiadło K, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Marciniak B, Rydzewska K, Ciechanowicz A, van de Wetering T, Strapagiel D. rs67047829 genotypes of ERV3-1/ZNF117 are associated with lower body mass index in the Polish population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17118. [PMID: 37816715 PMCID: PMC10564729 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is now substantial evidence that zinc-finger proteins are implicated in adiposity. Aims were to datamine for high-frequency (near-neutral selection) pretermination-codon (PTC) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 141) from a database with > 550,000 variants and analyze possible association with body mass index in a large Polish sample (n = 5757). BMI was regressed (males/females together or separately) against genetic models. Regression for rs67047829 uncovered an interaction-independent association with BMI with both sexes together: mean ± standard deviation, kg/m2: [G];[G], 25.4 ± 4.59 (n = 3650); [G](;)[A], 25.0 ± 4.28 (n = 731); [A];[A], 23.4 ± 3.60 (n = 44); additive model adjusted for age and sex: p = 4.08 × 10-5; beta: - 0.0458, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.0732 : - 0.0183; surviving Bonferroni correction; for males: [G];[G], 24.8 ± 4.94 (n = 1878); [G](;)[A], 24.2 ± 4.31 (n = 386); [A];[A], 22.4 ± 3.69 (n = 23); p = 4.20 × 10-4; beta: - 0.0573, CI - 0.0947 : - 0.0199. For average-height males the difference between [G];[G] and [A];[A] genotypes would correspond to ~ 6 kg, suggesting considerable protection against increased BMI. rs67047829 gives a pretermination codon in ERV3-1 which shares an exonic region and possibly promoter with ZNF117, previously associated with adiposity and type-2 diabetes. As this result occurs in a near-neutral Mendelian setting, a drug targetting ERV3-1/ZNF117 might potentially provide considerable benefits with minimal side-effects. This result needs to be replicated, followed by analyses of splice-variant mRNAs and protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S C Clark
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Zachodniopomorskie, Poland.
| | - Konrad Podsiadło
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Zachodniopomorskie, Poland
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łodż, 90-237, Łódż, Poland
| | - Błażej Marciniak
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łodż, 90-237, Łódż, Poland
| | - Kamila Rydzewska
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Zachodniopomorskie, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciechanowicz
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Zachodniopomorskie, Poland
| | - Thierry van de Wetering
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, al. Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Zachodniopomorskie, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łodż, 90-237, Łódż, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Majumder A. Targeting Homocysteine and Hydrogen Sulfide Balance as Future Therapeutics in Cancer Treatment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1520. [PMID: 37627515 PMCID: PMC10451792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with oxidative/ER stress, apoptosis, and impairment of angiogenesis, whereas hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to reverse this condition. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells need to produce a high level of endogenous H2S to maintain cell proliferation, growth, viability, and migration. However, any novel mechanism that targets this balance of Hcy and H2S production has yet to be discovered or exploited. Cells require homocysteine metabolism via the methionine cycle for nucleotide synthesis, methylation, and reductive metabolism, and this pathway supports the high proliferative rate of cancer cells. Although the methionine cycle favors cancer cells for their survival and growth, this metabolism produces a massive amount of toxic Hcy that somehow cancer cells handle very well. Recently, research showed specific pathways important for balancing the antioxidative defense through H2S production in cancer cells. This review discusses the relationship between Hcy metabolism and the antiapoptotic, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects of H2S in different cancer types. It also summarizes the historical understanding of targeting antioxidative defense systems, angiogenesis, and other protective mechanisms of cancer cells and the role of H2S production in the genesis, progression, and metastasis of cancer. This review defines a nexus of diet and precision medicine in targeting the delicate antioxidative system of cancer and explores possible future therapeutics that could exploit the Hcy and H2S balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Association of Obesity with the Risk of Hyperhomocysteinemia among the Chinese Community Residents: A Prospective Cohort Study in Shanghai, China. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103648. [PMID: 34684648 PMCID: PMC8537264 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective community-based cohort study was conducted to investigate the effects of obesity on hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in community residents from Shanghai, China, with a median follow-up period of 2.98 years. The exposures were high body mass index (BMI) (BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2) and high waist circumference (WC) (WC ≥ 85.0 cm for female and WC ≥ 90.0 for male) at baseline investigation, and the outcome was the incident of HHcy after the follow-up. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was performed to assess the possible nonlinear relationship of BMI and WC with HHcy. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association between BMI and WC measured obesity and the risk of HHcy (Hcy level > 15 µmol/L). No significant non-linearity was found between BMI and WC with HHcy. Cox regression model showed that underweight measured by BMI was negatively associated with the risk of HHcy after controlling for confounder variables (adjusted HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.99). While abdominal obesity was positively associated with the risk of HHcy for those without CVD-related comorbidities (adjusted HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.51). Our results suggested that individuals could maintain a relatively low BMI and normal WC to lower the risk of HHcy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Association between Plasma Homocysteine Concentrations and the First Ischemic Stroke in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A 7-Year Retrospective Cohort Study from China. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:9953858. [PMID: 34621408 PMCID: PMC8492296 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9953858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at investigating the association between baseline plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations and the risk of the first ischemic stroke (IS) and at investigating any possible influential modifying factors in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to investigate the relationship between plasma Hcy concentration and the first IS. A generalized additive model was applied to determine the nonlinear relationship. In addition, we conducted subgroup analysis. Results A total of 2350 hypertensive patients with OSA without a history of IS were enrolled in this study. At a median follow-up of 7.15 years, we identified 93 cases of the first IS. After adjusting for potential confounding, the findings revealed that plasma Hcy concentration was strongly and positively associated with the occurrence of the first IS (per SD increment; HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.30-1.44). A nonlinear relationship was found between plasma Hcy concentration and the risk of developing the first IS with inflection points for plasma Hcy of 5 μmol/L. In stratified analysis, a greater positive correlation was found between baseline plasma Hcy concentrations and new-onset IS in patients with DBP ≥ 90 mmHg (per SD increment; HR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.33-1.65 vs. <90 mmHg: HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.42; P‐interaction = 0.04) and BMI ≥ 24 and <28 kg/m2 (per SD increment; HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.26-1.70 vs. <24 kg/m2: HR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.95-1.33 vs. ≥28 kg/m2: HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.25-1.70; P‐interaction = 0.03). Conclusion Elevated plasma Hcy concentrations are independently associated with the risk of the first IS in hypertensive patients with OSA. Plasma Hcy concentrations ≥ 5 μmol/L surely increased the risk of the first IS in hypertensive patients with OSA.
Collapse
|
8
|
George AK, Behera J, Homme RP, Tyagi N, Tyagi SC, Singh M. Rebuilding Microbiome for Mitigating Traumatic Brain Injury: Importance of Restructuring the Gut-Microbiome-Brain Axis. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3614-3627. [PMID: 33774742 PMCID: PMC8003896 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a damage to the brain from an external force that results in temporary or permanent impairment in brain functions. Unfortunately, not many treatment options are available to TBI patients. Therefore, knowledge of the complex interplay between gut microbiome (GM) and brain health may shed novel insights as it is a rapidly expanding field of research around the world. Recent studies show that GM plays important roles in shaping neurogenerative processes such as blood-brain-barrier (BBB), myelination, neurogenesis, and microglial maturation. In addition, GM is also known to modulate many aspects of neurological behavior and cognition; however, not much is known about the role of GM in brain injuries. Since GM has been shown to improve cellular and molecular functions via mitigating TBI-induced pathologies such as BBB permeability, neuroinflammation, astroglia activation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, herein we discuss how a dysbiotic gut environment, which in fact, contributes to central nervous system (CNS) disorders during brain injury and how to potentially ward off these harmful effects. We further opine that a better understanding of GM-brain (GMB) axis could help assist in designing better treatment and management strategies in future for the patients who are faced with limited options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akash K George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Rubens P Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Bone Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA. .,Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Homme RP, Sandhu HS, George AK, Tyagi SC, Singh M. Sustained Inhibition of NF-κB Activity Mitigates Retinal Vasculopathy in Diabetes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:947-964. [PMID: 33640319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of long-term NF-κB inhibition in mitigating retinal vasculopathy in a type 1 diabetic mouse model (Akita, Ins2Akita). Akita and wild-type (C57BL/6J) male mice, 24 to 26 weeks old, were treated with or without a selective inhibitor of NF-κB, 4-methyl-N1-(3-phenyl-propyl) benzene-1,2-diamine (JSH-23), for 4 weeks. Treatment was given when the mice were at least 24 weeks old. Metabolic parameters, key inflammatory mediators, blood-retinal barrier junction molecules, retinal structure, and function were measured. JSH-23 significantly lowered basal glucose levels and intraocular pressure in Akita. It also mitigated vascular remodeling and microaneurysms significantly. Optical coherence tomography of untreated Akita showed thinning of retinal layers; however, treatment with JSH-23 could prevent it. Electroretinogram demonstrated that A- and B-waves in Akita were significantly smaller than in wild type mice, indicating that JSH-23 intervention prevented loss of retinal function. Protein levels and gene expression of key inflammatory mediators, such as NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2, were decreased after JSH-23 treatment. At the same time, connexin-43 and occludin were maintained. Vision-guided behavior also improved significantly. The results show that reducing inflammation could protect the diabetic retina and its vasculature. Findings appear to have broader implications in treating not only ocular conditions but also other vasculopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubens P Homme
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Harpal S Sandhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Akash K George
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ling Y, Gong T, Zhang J, Gu Q, Gao X, Weng X, Liu J, Sun J. Gut Microbiome Signatures Are Biomarkers for Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Ischemic Stroke. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:511562. [PMID: 33192448 PMCID: PMC7645221 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.511562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) is a common neuropsychiatric complication of stroke. Mounting evidence has demonstrated a connection between gut microbiota (GM) and neuropsychiatric disease. Our previous study revealed the changes in the GM in a mouse model of vascular dementia. However, the characteristic GM of PSCI remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the GM of PSCI and explored the potential of GM as PSCI biomarkers. A total of 93 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their MoCA scores 3 months after stroke onset. Clinical data and biological variables were recorded. GM composition was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, and the characteristic GM was identified by linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (Lefse). Our results showed that Proteobacteria was highly increased in the PSCI group compared with the post-stroke non-cognitive impairment (PSNCI) group, the similar alterations were also observed at the class, order, family, and genus levels of Proteobacteria. After age adjustments, the abundance of Firmicutes, and its members, including Clostridia, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae_other, were significantly decreased in the age-matched PSCI group compared with the PSNCI group. Besides, the GM was closely associated with MoCA scores and the risk factors for PSCI, including higher baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score, higher homocysteine (Hcy) level, higher prevalence of stroke recurrence, leukoaraiosis, and brain atrophy. The KEGG results showed the enriched module for folding, sorting and degradation (chaperones and folding catalysts) and the decreased modules related to metabolisms of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid, and lipid in PSCI patients. A significant correlation was observed between PSCI and the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae after adjustments (P = 0.035). Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) models based on the characteristic GM and Enterobacteriaceae could distinguish PSCI patients from PSNCI patients [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.840, 0.629, respectively]. Our findings demonstrated that the characteristic GM, especially Enterobacteriaceae, might have the ability to predict PSCI in post-stroke patients, which are expected to be used as clinical biomarkers of PSCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ling
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Gong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qilu Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiongpeng Weng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hyperhomocysteinemia Concurrent with Metabolic Syndrome Is Independently Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among Community-Dwelling Adults in an Urban Korean Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17186810. [PMID: 32961936 PMCID: PMC7558526 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the combined effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and MetS on CKD among community-dwelling adults in an urban area of South Korea. We also identified the combination of HHcy and individual MetS components associated with the maximal risk of CKD. A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 19,311 health examinees between 2 January 2011 and 31 December 2015 was conducted. The participants were divided into four groups—namely, the HHcy−/MetS−, HHcy−/MetS+, HHcy+/MetS−, and HHcy+/MetS+ groups. CKD was defined as a low eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria. The HHcy+/MetS+ group had a higher risk of CKD than the HHcy−/MetS+ group (odds ratio (OR): 1.750, p = 0.002 for males; OR: 3.224, p < 0.001 for females). The HHcy+/MetS+ group had a higher CKD risk than the HHcy+/MetS− group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (OR: 1.070, p = 0.712 for males; OR: 1.847, and p < 0.074 for females). HHcy concurrent with MetS increased the CKD risk. Among the combinations of HHcy and MetS components, the coexistence of HHcy and central obesity had the greatest effect on CKD. Therefore, the timely detection and treatment of HHcy and MetS are important for preventing CKD.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang T, Huang D, Hou J, Li J, Zhang Y, Tian M, Li Z, Tie T, Cheng Y, Su X, Man Z, Ma Y. High-concentration homocysteine inhibits mitochondrial respiration function and production of reactive oxygen species in neuron cells. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105109. [PMID: 32912537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homocysteine plays critical roles in cellular redox homeostasis, and hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with multiple diseases, including neurological disorders involving reactive oxygen species-inducing and pro-inflammatory effects of homocysteine that are related to mitochondria. This study investigated the role of homocysteine in regulating mitochondria of neuron cell lines. METHODS Neuron cells were pre-treated with homocysteine, and then flow cytometry was used to detect reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential, while Seahorse XFp Mito stress assay was used to comprehensively analyze mitochondrial function. RESULTS The experimental results showed that high-concentration homocysteine diminished carbonyl cyanide-4 (trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone-stimulated oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial spare respiration capacity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and homocysteine also reduced reactive oxygen species in cultured neuron cell lines while no changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. CONCLUSION These results indicate that homocysteine diminished mitochondrial respiration function in neuron cell lines mediated by its reactive oxygen species-reducing effects, which may underlie the association between hyperhomocysteinemia and human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Dengliang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000.
| | - Jing Hou
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Jianhua Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000; Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Meiyuan Tian
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000.
| | - Zhiqin Li
- Department of Scientific Research Office, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Tingting Tie
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Yan Cheng
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Xiaoming Su
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Zhu Man
- Neurology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Tongren Road 29, Xining, Qinghai Province, China, 810000.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laha A, Singh M, George AK, Homme RP, Tyagi SC. Dysregulation of 1-carbon metabolism and muscle atrophy: potential roles of forkhead box O proteins and PPARγ co-activator-1α. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:1013-1017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine, a non-proteinogenic amino acid but an important metabolic intermediate is generated as an integral component for the “1-carbon metabolism” during normal physiology. It is catabolized to cysteine via the transulfuration pathway resulting in the generation of hydrogen sulfide, a naturally endogenous byproduct. Genetics or metabolic derangement can alter homocysteine concentration leading to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a physiologically unfavorable condition that causes serious medical conditions including muscle wasting. HHcy environment can derail physiological processes by targeting biomolecules such as Akt; however, not much is known regarding the effects of HHcy on regulation of transcription factors such as forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins. Recently, hydrogen sulfide has been shown to be highly effective in alleviating the effects of HHcy by serving as an antiapoptotic factor, but role of FOXO and its interaction with hydrogen sulfide are yet to be established. In this review, we discuss role(s) of HHcy in skeletal muscle atrophy and how HHcy interact with FOXO and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha expressions that are relevant in musculoskeletal atrophy. Further, therapeutic intervention with hydrogen sulfide for harnessing its beneficial effects might help mitigate the dysregulated 1-carbon metabolism that happens to be the hallmark of HHcy-induced pathologies such as muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha Laha
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Akash K. George
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rubens P. Homme
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville 40202, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cristoni S, Rossi Bernardi L, Larini M, Natale G, Didomenico N, Varelli M, Conti M, Dorna I, Puccio G. Predicting and preventing intestinal dysbiosis on the basis of pharmacological gut microbiota metabolism. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1221-1225. [PMID: 31013543 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cristoni
- I.S.B. - Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Biotechnology, Bresso, Italy
| | | | - Martina Larini
- I.S.B. - Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Biotechnology, Bresso, Italy
| | - Giulia Natale
- I.S.B. - Ion Source & Biotechnologies srl, Biotechnology, Bresso, Italy
| | - Nicola Didomenico
- Emmanuele Scientific Research Association, Analytical Chemistry, Palermo, PA, Italy
| | - Marco Varelli
- Diagnostic Institute Varelli, Clinical Analysis, Napoli, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- University Hospital of Bologna Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Analytical Chemistry, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Dorna
- Anthilla, Analytical Chemistry, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Puccio
- Emmanuele Scientific Research Association, Analytical Chemistry, Palermo, PA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Majumder A, Singh M, George AK, Tyagi SC. Restoration of skeletal muscle homeostasis by hydrogen sulfide during hyperhomocysteinemia-mediated oxidative/ER stress condition 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:441-456. [PMID: 30422673 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy), i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), causes skeletal muscle myopathy. Among many cellular and metabolic alterations caused by HHcy, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are considered the major ones; however, the precise molecular mechanism(s) in this process is unclear. Nevertheless, there is no treatment option available to treat HHcy-mediated muscle injury. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is increasingly recognized as a potent anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic/necrotic/pyroptotic, and anti-inflammatory compound and also has been shown to improve angiogenesis during ischemic injury. Patients with CBS mutation produce less H2S, making them vulnerable to Hcy-mediated cellular damage. Many studies have reported bidirectional regulation of ER stress in apoptosis through JNK activation and concomitant attenuation of cell proliferation and protein synthesis via PI3K/AKT axis. Whether H2S mitigates these detrimental effects of HHcy on muscle remains unexplored. In this review, we discuss molecular mechanisms of HHcy-mediated oxidative/ER stress responses, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and atrophic changes in skeletal muscle and how H2S can restore skeletal muscle homeostasis during HHcy condition. This review also highlights the molecular mechanisms on how H2S could be developed as a clinically relevant therapeutic option for chronic conditions that are aggravated by HHcy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- a Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,b Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- a Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,c Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Akash K George
- a Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.,c Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- a Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Majumder A, Singh M, George AK, Homme RP, Laha A, Tyagi SC. Remote ischemic conditioning as a cytoprotective strategy in vasculopathies during hyperhomocysteinemia: An emerging research perspective. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:77-92. [PMID: 30272816 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of nonprotein amino acid homocysteine (Hcy), that is, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) (~5% of general population) has been associated with severe vasculopathies in different organs; however, precise molecular mechanism(s) as to how HHcy plays havoc with body's vascular networks are largely unknown. Interventional modalities have not proven beneficial to counter multifactorial HHcy's effects on the vascular system. An ancient Indian form of exercise called 'yoga' causes transient ischemia as a result of various body postures however the cellular mechanisms are not clear. We discuss a novel perspective wherein we argue that application of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) could, in fact, deliver anticipated results to patients who are suffering from chronic vascular dysfunction due to HHcy. RIC is the mechanistic phenomenon whereby brief episodes of ischemia-reperfusion events are applied to distant tissues/organs; that could potentially offer a powerful tool in mitigating chronic lethal ischemia in target organs during HHcy condition via simultaneous reduction of inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, extracellular matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. We opine that during ischemic conditioning our organs cross talk by releasing cellular messengers in the form of exosomes containing messenger RNAs, circular RNAs, anti-pyroptotic factors, protective cytokines like musclin, transcription factors, small molecules, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic factors, antioxidants, and vasoactive gases. All these could help mobilize the bone marrow-derived stem cells (having tissue healing properties) to target organs. In that context, we argue that RIC could certainly play a savior's role in an unfortunate ischemic or adverse event in people who have higher levels of the circulating Hcy in their systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Akash K George
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rubens Petit Homme
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Eye and Vision Science Laboratory, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Anwesha Laha
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Majumder A, Singh M, George AK, Behera J, Tyagi N, Tyagi SC. Hydrogen sulfide improves postischemic neoangiogenesis in the hind limb of cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mice via PPAR-γ/VEGF axis. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13858. [PMID: 30175474 PMCID: PMC6119702 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis is a fundamental process which helps to meet energy requirements, tissue growth, and wound healing. Although previous studies showed that Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) regulates neoangiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and both VEGF and PPAR-γ expressions were inhibited during hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy), whether these two processes could trigger pathological effects in skeletal muscle via compromising neoangiogenesis has not been studied yet. Unfortunately, there are no treatment options available to date for ameliorating HHcy-mediated neoangiogenic defects. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a novel gasotransmitter that can induce PPAR-γ levels. However, patients with cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) mutation(s) cannot produce a sufficient amount of H2 S. We hypothesized that exogenous supplementation of H2 S might improve HHcy-mediated poor neoangiogenesis via the PPAR-γ/VEGF axis. To examine this, we created a hind limb femoral artery ligation (FAL) in CBS+/- mouse model and treated them with GYY4137 (a long-acting H2 S donor compound) for 21 days. To evaluate neoangiogenesis, we used barium sulfate angiography and laser Doppler blood flow measurements in the ischemic hind limbs of experimental mice post-FAL to assess blood flow. Proteins and mRNAs levels were studied by Western blots and qPCR analyses. HIF1-α, VEGF, PPAR-γ and p-eNOS expressions were attenuated in skeletal muscle of CBS+/- mice after 21 days of FAL in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice, that were improved via GYY4137 treatment. We also found that the collateral vessel density and blood flow were significantly reduced in post-FAL CBS+/- mice compared to WT mice and these effects were ameliorated by GYY4137. Moreover, we found that plasma nitrite levels were decreased in post-FAL CBS+/- mice compared to WT mice, which were mitigated by GYY4137 supplementation. These results suggest that HHcy can inhibit neoangiogenesis via antagonizing the angiogenic signal pathways encompassing PPAR-γ/VEGF axis and that GYY4137 could serve as a potential therapeutic to alleviate the harmful metabolic effects of HHcy conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Majumder
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Akash K. George
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Jyotirmaya Behera
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Neetu Tyagi
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| | - Suresh C. Tyagi
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKentucky40202USA
| |
Collapse
|