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Santos L. The impact of nutrition and lifestyle modification on health. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 97:18-25. [PMID: 34670680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The main recommendations from public health entities include healthy diets and physical activity as the main lifestyle factors impacting the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, cancer, and even neurological diseases. Randomized clinical trials have been designed to demonstrate those lifestyle modifications can change the pattern of chronic diseases development and progression. Among these, nutrition is one of the most impacting factors. Therefore, nutrition and diets were also included in different randomized clinical trials, and most of them showed a favorable impact of nutrition modification on the participant's health. Nevertheless, study designs were considerably different, and future studies are needed to support nutrition modifications further. The choice of a healthy considered diet, like the Mediterranean diet, was shown to impact chronic diseases, cardiovascular risk, and adult life expectancy mainly due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, a high intake of fibers, fruits, and vegetables together with a low intake of fat and energy-dense, processed foods contribute to an inflammation reduction and a more robust immune system leading. Besides these well-known properties, all lifestyle modifications must be personalized according to the availability of foods, geographic localizations, and the healthy status of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lèlita Santos
- Internal Medicine Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIMAGO Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Dyson P. Mediterranean diets and diabetes. PRACTICAL DIABETES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Dyson
- OCDEM Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK2NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Oxford UK
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Davis KA, Esslinger K, Elvidge Munene LA, St-Pierre S. International approaches to developing healthy eating patterns for national dietary guidelines. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:388-403. [PMID: 31222369 PMCID: PMC6519442 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the revision of the 2007 Eating Well with Canada's Food Guide, a literature scan on statistical modeling approaches used in developing healthy eating patterns for national food guides was conducted. The scan included relevant literature and online searches, primarily since the 2007 Canada's Food Guide was released. Eight countries were identified as utilizing a statistical model or analysis to help inform their healthy eating pattern, defined as the amounts and types of food recommended, with many common characteristics noted. Detail on international modeling approaches is presented, highlighting similarities and differences as well as strengths and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karelyn A Davis
- Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Health Canada, Ottawa Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista Esslinger
- Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie St-Pierre
- Office of Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Strawson C, Bell RC, Farmer A, Downs SM, Olstad DL, Willows ND. Changing Dietary Habits of Alberta Nutrition Students Enrolled in a Travel Study Program in Italy. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2015; 76:93-6. [DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2015-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Strawson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Rhonda C. Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Anna Farmer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Centre for Health Promotion Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Shauna M. Downs
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Dana L. Olstad
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Noreen D. Willows
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
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Leblanc V, Bégin C, Hudon AM, Royer MM, Corneau L, Dodin S, Lemieux S. Gender differences in the long-term effects of a nutritional intervention program promoting the Mediterranean diet: changes in dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables. Nutr J 2014; 13:107. [PMID: 25416917 PMCID: PMC4247653 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term adherence to principles of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) following a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern in Canadian men and women is not known. Moreover, gender differences in dietary and metabolic profile in such an intervention context has never been addressed. Objective was to determine gender differences in long-term effects of a 12-week nutritional intervention program promoting the adoption of the MedDiet and based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) on dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables, in men and women presenting cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Sixty-four men and 59 premenopausal women were recruited. The 12-week nutritional program used a motivational interviewing approach and included individual and group sessions. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to evaluate dietary intakes from which a Mediterranean score (Medscore) was derived and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire allowed assessment of eating behaviors. Measurements were performed at baseline and after the 12-week nutritional intervention, and then at 3 and 6-month post intervention. RESULTS No gender difference was observed in changes in the Medscore during the nutritional intervention and follow-up. However, the Medscore returned towards baseline values during follow-up in men and women (P < 0.0001). Men reported larger decreases in red and processed meat and larger increases in whole fruit intakes than women (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). Men showed a greater decrease in habitual susceptibility to disinhibition than women (P = 0.03). A gender by time interaction was found for waist circumference, i.e. men had lower waist circumference at the end of the intervention as well as at follow-up than at baseline while women's waist circumference decreased in response to the intervention only (P = 0.05). As for metabolic variables, changes observed in total-cholesterol (C) to HDL-C ratio, triglyceride levels and triglycerides to HDL-C ratio were more pronounced in men than in women after the intervention as well as at follow-up (P ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the 12-week nutritional intervention based on the SDT leads to more pronounced beneficial changes in long-term dietary intakes in men than in women and to greater improvements in metabolic profile in men. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials NCT01852721.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Leblanc
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Catherine Bégin
- />School of Psychology, Laval University, Pavillon Félix-Antoine Savard, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Hudon
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Marie-Michelle Royer
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Louise Corneau
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Sylvie Dodin
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Laval University, Pavillon Ferdinand-Vandry, 1050 Medicine Avenue, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Simone Lemieux
- />Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec, G1V 0A6 Canada
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Koloverou E, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Panagiotakos D. The effect of Mediterranean diet on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of 10 prospective studies and 136,846 participants. Metabolism 2014; 63:903-11. [PMID: 24931280 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to meta-analyze prospective studies that have evaluated the effect of a Mediterranean diet on the development of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched up to 20 November 2013. English language publications were allocated; 17 original research studies (1 clinical trial, 9 prospective and 7 cross-sectional) were identified. Primary analyses were limited to prospective studies and clinical trials, yielding to a sample of 136,846 participants. A systematic review and a random effects meta-analysis were conducted. RESULTS Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with 23% reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes (combined relative risk for upper versus lowest available centile: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.89). Subgroup analyses based on region, health status of participants and number of confounders controlling for, showed similar results. Limitations include variations in Mediterranean diet adherence assessment tools, confounders' adjustment, duration of follow up and number of events with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The presented results are of major public health importance, since no consensus exists concerning the best anti-diabetic diet. Mediterranean diet could, if appropriately adjusted to reflect local food availability and individual's needs, constitute a beneficial nutritional choice for the primary prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efi Koloverou
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Katherine Esposito
- Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Giugliano
- Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- School of Health Science and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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Strawson C, Bell R, Downs S, Farmer A, Olstad D, Willows N. Dietary Patterns of Female University Students: With Nutrition Education. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2013; 74:138-42. [DOI: 10.3148/74.3.2013.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Strawson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Rhonda Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Shauna Downs
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Farmer
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science and Centre for Health Promotion Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Dana Olstad
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science and Centre for Health Promotion Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Noreen Willows
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
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