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Lindsay RJ, Jepson A, Butt L, Holder PJ, Smug BJ, Gudelj I. Would that it were so simple: Interactions between multiple traits undermine classical single-trait-based predictions of microbial community function and evolution. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:2775-2795. [PMID: 34453399 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how microbial traits affect the evolution and functioning of microbial communities is fundamental for improving the management of harmful microorganisms, while promoting those that are beneficial. Decades of evolutionary ecology research has focused on examining microbial cooperation, diversity, productivity and virulence but with one crucial limitation. The traits under consideration, such as public good production and resistance to antibiotics or predation, are often assumed to act in isolation. Yet, in reality, multiple traits frequently interact, which can lead to unexpected and undesired outcomes for the health of macroorganisms and ecosystem functioning. This is because many predictions generated in a single-trait context aimed at promoting diversity, reducing virulence or controlling antibiotic resistance can fail for systems where multiple traits interact. Here, we provide a much needed discussion and synthesis of the most recent research to reveal the widespread and diverse nature of multi-trait interactions and their consequences for predicting and controlling microbial community dynamics. Importantly, we argue that synthetic microbial communities and multi-trait mathematical models are powerful tools for managing the beneficial and detrimental impacts of microbial communities, such that past mistakes, like those made regarding the stewardship of antimicrobials, are not repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Lindsay
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alys Jepson
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lisa Butt
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philippa J Holder
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bogna J Smug
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ivana Gudelj
- Biosciences and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Kluyveromyces marxianus: Current State of Omics Studies, Strain Improvement Strategy and Potential Industrial Implementation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation6040124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioethanol is considered an excellent alternative to fossil fuels, since it importantly contributes to the reduced consumption of crude oil, and to the alleviation of environmental pollution. Up to now, the baker yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most common eukaryotic microorganism used in ethanol production. The inability of S. cerevisiae to grow on pentoses, however, hinders its effective growth on plant biomass hydrolysates, which contain large amounts of C5 and C12 sugars. The industrial-scale bioprocessing requires high temperature bioreactors, diverse carbon sources, and the high titer production of volatile compounds. These criteria indicate that the search for alternative microbes possessing useful traits that meet the required standards of bioethanol production is necessary. Compared to other yeasts, Kluyveromyces marxianus has several advantages over others, e.g., it could grow on a broad spectrum of substrates (C5, C6 and C12 sugars); tolerate high temperature, toxins, and a wide range of pH values; and produce volatile short-chain ester. K. marxianus also shows a high ethanol production rate at high temperature and is a Crabtree-negative species. These attributes make K. marxianus promising as an industrial host for the biosynthesis of biofuels and other valuable chemicals.
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Boynton PJ. The ecology of killer yeasts: Interference competition in natural habitats. Yeast 2019; 36:473-485. [PMID: 31050852 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Killer yeasts are ubiquitous in the environment: They have been found in diverse habitats ranging from ocean sediment to decaying cacti to insect bodies and on all continents including Antarctica. However, environmental killer yeasts are poorly studied compared with laboratory and domesticated killer yeasts. Killer yeasts secrete so-called killer toxins that inhibit nearby sensitive yeasts, and the toxins are frequently assumed to be tools for interference competition in diverse yeast communities. The diversity and ubiquity of killer yeasts imply that interference competition is crucial for shaping yeast communities. Additionally, these toxins may have ecological functions beyond use in interference competition. This review introduces readers to killer yeasts in environmental systems, with a focus on what is and is not known about their ecology and evolution. It also explores how results from experimental killer systems in laboratories can be extended to understand how competitive strategies shape yeast communities in nature. Overall, killer yeasts are likely to occur everywhere yeasts are found, and the killer phenotype has the potential to radically shape yeast diversity in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Primrose J Boynton
- Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Environmental Genomics Group, Plön, Germany
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Rosa CA, Viana EM, Martins RP, Antonini Y, Lachance MA. Candida batistae, a new yeast species associated with solitary digger nesting bees in Brazil. Mycologia 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1999.12061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Evelin M. Viana
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rogério P. Martins
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Yasmine Antonini
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Comportamento de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marc-André Lachance
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Sande D, Colen G, Dos Santos GF, Ferraz VP, Takahashi JA. Production of omega 3, 6, and 9 fatty acids from hydrolysis of vegetable oils and animal fat with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides lipase. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:537-545. [PMID: 30263778 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysis of vegetable oils (Olive, corn, peanut, sesame, flaxseed, soy, canola, garlic, sunflower, almond, castor bean oils) and beef marrow bone oil by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides lipase was studied. The enzyme was capable of generating free fatty acids from all oils tested. The higher hydrolytic activity of the enzyme was towards olive (18.0 IU) and soybean (17.8 IU) oils. The average percentage of essential fatty acids generated from hydrolysis of the oils was 32.92% of omega 9 (as oleic acid C18:1), 26.24% of omega 6 (linoleic C18:2), and 5.86% of omega 3 (such as α-linolenic acid C18:3). Comparison between chromatographic profile of the oils and its enzymatic hydrolysate showed a good equivalence, stressing the applicability of these vegetable substrates under the action of lipase from C. gloeosporioides produce essential fatty acids, being more efficient production of α-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil, linoleic acid from sunflower oil, and oleic acid from olive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Sande
- 1Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil.,2Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Gecernir Colen
- 1Department of Food, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Gabriel Franco Dos Santos
- 2Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Vany Perpétua Ferraz
- 2Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Aparecida Takahashi
- 2Department of Chemistry, Exact Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901 Brazil
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Pizzolante G, Durante M, Rizzo D, Di Salvo M, Tredici SM, Tufariello M, De Paolis A, Talà A, Mita G, Alifano P, De Benedetto GE. Characterization of two Pantoea strains isolated from extra-virgin olive oil. AMB Express 2018; 8:113. [PMID: 29992518 PMCID: PMC6039349 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive oil is an unfavorable substrate for microbial survival and growth. Only few microorganisms use olive oil fatty acids as carbon and energy sources, and survive in the presence of olive oil anti-microbial components. In this study, we have evaluated the occurrence of microorganisms in 1-year-stored extra-virgin olive oil samples. We detected the presence of bacterial and yeast species with a recurrence of the bacterium Stenotrophomonas rhizophila and yeast Sporobolomyces roseus. We then assayed the ability of all isolates to grow in a mineral medium supplemented with a commercial extra-virgin olive oil as a sole carbon and energy source, and analyzed the utilization of olive oil fatty acids during their growth. We finally focused on two bacterial isolates belonging to the species Pantoea septica. Both these isolates produce carotenoids, and one of them synthesizes bioemulsifiers enabling the bacteria to better survive/growth in this unfavorable substrate. Analyses point to a mixture of glycolipids with glucose, galactose and xylose as carbohydrate moieties whereas the lipid domain was constituted by C6-C10 β-hydroxy carboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Pizzolante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Miriana Durante
- Istituto di Scienze Delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Rizzo
- Laboratory of Analytical and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Di Salvo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Salvatore Maurizio Tredici
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Tufariello
- Istituto di Scienze Delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Angelo De Paolis
- Istituto di Scienze Delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Adelfia Talà
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Istituto di Scienze Delle Produzioni Alimentari-CNR, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Pietro Alifano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Provinciale Monteroni 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto
- Laboratory of Analytical and Isotopic Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Nutritional Requirements and Their Importance for Virulence of Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5040065. [PMID: 28974017 PMCID: PMC5748574 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus sp. are basidiomycete yeasts which can be found widely, free-living in the environment. Interactions with natural predators, such as amoebae in the soil, are thought to have promoted the development of adaptations enabling the organism to survive inside human macrophages. Infection with Cryptococcus in humans occurs following inhalation of desiccated yeast cells or spore particles and may result in fatal meningoencephalitis. Human disease is caused almost exclusively by the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex, which predominantly infects immunocompromised patients, and the Cryptococcus gattii species complex, which is capable of infecting immunocompetent individuals. The nutritional requirements of Cryptococcus are critical for its virulence in animals. Cryptococcus has evolved a broad range of nutrient acquisition strategies, many if not most of which also appear to contribute to its virulence, enabling infection of animal hosts. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of nutritional requirements and acquisition in Cryptococcus and offer perspectives to its evolution as a significant pathogen of humans.
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9
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Silva GAD, Agustini BC, Mello LMRD, Tonietto J. Autochthonous yeast populations from different brazilian geographic indications. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20160702030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Chakraborty S, Ramesh A, Dutta PS. Toxic phytoplankton as a keystone species in aquatic ecosystems: stable coexistence to biodiversity. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Chakraborty
- Theoretical Physics/Complex Systems, ICBM, Carl von Ossietzky Univ.; PPF 2503 DE-26111 Oldenburg Germany
- VKR Centre for Ocean Life, National Inst. of Aquatic Resources, DTU Aqua, Technical Univ. of Denmark; Charlottenlund Slot, Jaegersborg Allé 1 DK-2920 Charlottenlund Denmark
| | - A Ramesh
- Dept of Mathematics; Indian Inst. of Technology Ropar; Punjab 140001 India
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11
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Garavaglia J, Schneider RDCDS, Camargo Mendes SD, Welke JE, Zini CA, Caramão EB, Valente P. Evaluation of Zygosaccharomyces bailii BCV 08 as a co-starter in wine fermentation for the improvement of ethyl esters production. Microbiol Res 2015; 173:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Lertwattanasakul N, Kosaka T, Hosoyama A, Suzuki Y, Rodrussamee N, Matsutani M, Murata M, Fujimoto N, Tsuchikane K, Limtong S, Fujita N, Yamada M. Genetic basis of the highly efficient yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus: complete genome sequence and transcriptome analyses. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:47. [PMID: 25834639 PMCID: PMC4381506 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-temperature fermentation technology with thermotolerant microbes has been expected to reduce the cost of bioconversion of cellulosic biomass to fuels or chemicals. Thermotolerant Kluyveromyces marxianus possesses intrinsic abilities to ferment and assimilate a wide variety of substrates including xylose and to efficiently produce proteins. These capabilities have been found to exceed those of the traditional ethanol producer Saccharomyces cerevisiae or lignocellulose-bioconvertible ethanologenic Scheffersomyces stipitis. RESULTS The complete genome sequence of K. marxianus DMKU 3-1042 as one of the most thermotolerant strains in the same species has been determined. A comparison of its genomic information with those of other yeasts and transcriptome analysis revealed that the yeast bears beneficial properties of temperature resistance, wide-range bioconversion ability, and production of recombinant proteins. The transcriptome analysis clarified distinctive metabolic pathways under three different growth conditions, static culture, high temperature, and xylose medium, in comparison to the control condition of glucose medium under a shaking condition at 30°C. Interestingly, the yeast appears to overcome the issue of reactive oxygen species, which tend to accumulate under all three conditions. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals many gene resources for the ability to assimilate various sugars in addition to species-specific genes in K. marxianus, and the molecular basis of its attractive traits for industrial applications including high-temperature fermentation. Especially, the thermotolerance trait may be achieved by an integrated mechanism consisting of various strategies. Gene resources and transcriptome data of the yeast are particularly useful for fundamental and applied researches for innovative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppon Lertwattanasakul
- />Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan
- />Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Tomoyuki Kosaka
- />Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Akira Hosoyama
- />National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066 Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- />Department of Medical Genome Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Nadchanok Rodrussamee
- />Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan
- />Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Minenosuke Matsutani
- />Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
| | - Masayuki Murata
- />Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Naoko Fujimoto
- />Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuchikane
- />National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066 Japan
| | - Savitree Limtong
- />Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- />National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0066 Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- />Applied Molecular Bioscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, 755-8505 Japan
- />Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515 Japan
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Lopez CLF, Beaufort S, Brandam C, Taillandier P. Interactions between Kluyveromyces marxianus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in tequila must type medium fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2223-9. [PMID: 24677041 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional tequila fermentation is a complex microbial process performed by different indigenous yeast species. Usually, they are classified in two families: Saccharomyces and Non-Saccharomyces species. Using mixed starter cultures of several yeasts genera and species is nowadays considered to be beneficial to enhance the sensorial characteristics of the final products (taste, odor). However, microbial interactions occurring in such fermentations need to be better understood to improve the process. In this work, we focussed on a Saccharomyces cerevisiae/Kluyveromyces marxianus yeast couple. Indirect interactions due to excreted metabolites, thanks to the use of a specific membrane bioreactor, and direct interaction due to cell-to-cell contact have been explored. Comparison of pure and mixed cultures was done in each case. Mixed cultures in direct contact showed that both yeast were affected but Saccharomyces rapidly dominated the cultures whereas Kluyveromyces almost disappeared. In mixed cultures with indirect contact the growth of Kluyveromyces was decreased compared to its pure culture but its concentration could be maintained whereas the growth of Saccharomyces was enhanced. The loss of viability of Kluyveromyces could not be attributed only to ethanol. The sugar consumption and ethanol production in both cases were similar. Thus the interaction phenomena between the two yeasts are different in direct and indirect contact, Kluyveromyces being always much more affected than Saccharomyces.
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Molnárová J, Vadkertiová R, Stratilová E. Extracellular enzymatic activities and physiological profiles of yeasts colonizing fruit trees. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54 Suppl 1:S74-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201300072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Molnárová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Eva Stratilová
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
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Maturano YP, Nally MC, Toro ME, Castellanos de Figueroa LI, Combina M, Vazquez F. Monitoring of killer yeast populations in mixed cultures: influence of incubation temperature of microvinifications samples. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:3135-42. [PMID: 22806751 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1123-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Killer yeasts are frequently used to combat and prevent contamination by wild-type yeasts during wine production and they can even dominate the wine fermentation. Stuck and sluggish fermentations can be caused by an unbalanced ratio of killer to sensitive yeasts in the bioreactor, and therefore it is important to determine the proportion of both populations. The aim of this study was to provide a simple tool to monitor killer yeast populations during controlled mixed microvinifications of killer and sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Samples were periodically extracted during vinification, seeded on Petri dishes and incubated at 25 and 37 °C; the latter temperature was assayed for possible inactivation of killer toxin production. Colonies developed under the described conditions were randomly transferred to killer phenotype detection medium. Significant differences in the killer/sensitive ratio were observed between both incubation temperatures in all microvinifications. These results suggest that 37 °C seems a better option to determine the biomass of sensitive yeasts, in order to avoid underestimation of sensitive cells in the presence of killer yeasts during fermentations. Incubation at a toxin-inhibiting temperature clearly showed the real ratio of killer to sensitive cells in fermentation systems.
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Isolation and optimisation of the oleaginous yeast Sporobolomyces roseus for biosynthesis of 13C isotopically labelled 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids and trans 18:1 and 18:2 derivatives through synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:153-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1010-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An oleaginous and psychrotrophic strain (F38-3) of Sporobolomyces roseus Kluyver & van Niel was isolated from a salt marsh environment in Nova Scotia, Canada following a screening program to select for high producers of 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid production was characterised as a function of temperature at 20 g glucose L−1, and optimal yields were obtained at 14°C, achieving 5.7 g dw biomass and 39.2% total fatty acids by dry weight, with 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 all-cis fatty acids accounting for 49.4%, 14.3% and 6.7% of total fatty acids (TFA), respectively—the highest reported for this species. Production of 18:3 was inversely correlated to growth temperature, rising from 2% of TFA at 30°C to 8.9% at 6°C. Cultivation of isolate F38-3 on universally 13C (U-13C) labelled glucose and subsequent transesterification and isolation of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by preparative chromatography yielded pure, highly 13C-enriched (>90%) 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 all-cis FAMEs. The U-13C 18:1 FAME was catalytically converted to U-13C 18:1 trans-9 and purified to >99.5% purity. The U-13C 18:2 was converted by alkaline isomerisation into a 50/50 mixture of 18:2 cis-9, trans-11 and 18:2 trans-10, cis-12 isomers and purified to >95.0% purity. Overall, 10%, by weight, of labelled glucose fed to isolate F38-3 was recovered as fatty acid methyl esters and 7.5% as 18-carbon unsaturated fats, and the final isomerisation reactions resulted in yields of 80% or greater. The ultimate goal of the work is to develop methodologies to produce 13C-labelled metabolic tracers as tools to study the metabolism of trans fats.
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Belák Á, Kovács M, Hermann Z, Holczman Á, Márta D, Stojakovič S, Bajcsi N, Maráz A. Molecular analysis of poultry meat spoiling microbiota and heterogeneity of their proteolytic and lipolytic enzyme activities. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.40.2011.suppl.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fonseca GG, Heinzle E, Wittmann C, Gombert AK. The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus and its biotechnological potential. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:339-54. [PMID: 18427804 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strains belonging to the yeast species Kluyveromyces marxianus have been isolated from a great variety of habitats, which results in a high metabolic diversity and a substantial degree of intraspecific polymorphism. As a consequence, several different biotechnological applications have been investigated with this yeast: production of enzymes (beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase, inulinase, and polygalacturonases, among others), of single-cell protein, of aroma compounds, and of ethanol (including high-temperature and simultaneous saccharification-fermentation processes); reduction of lactose content in food products; production of bioingredients from cheese-whey; bioremediation; as an anticholesterolemic agent; and as a host for heterologous protein production. Compared to its congener and model organism, Kluyveromyces lactis, the accumulated knowledge on K. marxianus is much smaller and spread over a number of different strains. Although there is no publicly available genome sequence for this species, 20% of the CBS 712 strain genome was randomly sequenced (Llorente et al. in FEBS Lett 487:71-75, 2000). In spite of these facts, K. marxianus can envisage a great biotechnological future because of some of its qualities, such as a broad substrate spectrum, thermotolerance, high growth rates, and less tendency to ferment when exposed to sugar excess, when compared to K. lactis. To increase our knowledge on the biology of this species and to enable the potential applications to be converted into industrial practice, a more systematic approach, including the careful choice of (a) reference strain(s) by the scientific community, would certainly be of great value.
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Pimenta RS, Silva FL, Silva JF, Morais PB, Braga DT, Rosa CA, Corrêa Jr. A. Biological control of Penicillium italicum, P. digitatum and P. expansum by the predacious yeast Saccharomycopsis schoenii on oranges. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:85-90. [PMID: 24031185 PMCID: PMC3768350 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080001000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 11/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the ability of Saccharomycopsis schoenii Nadson and Krassiln (UWO-PS 80-91) as biocontrol agent against plant pathogenic filamentous fungi P. expansum Link (UFMG 01-2002), P. italicum Wehmer (LCP 61.1199), and P. digitatum (Pers.: Fr.) (LCP 984263, LCP 68175 and LCP 4354). S. schoenii was able to reduce disease severity in oranges inoculated with all fungi. Among the phytopathogens, P. digitatum LCP4354 was the most virulent whereas P. digitatum LCP 68175 was the most susceptible to predation. The yeast was able to survive for 21 days on the fruit surface and did not produce lesions on oranges. Production of antagonistic substances by S. schoenii was not detected using standard techniques. Our results point to the potential use of S. schoenii to control postharvest phytopathogens in fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S. Pimenta
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Francisco L. Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Juliana F.M. Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Paula B. Morais
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brasil
| | - Danúbia T Braga
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos A. Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ary Corrêa Jr.
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Brizzio S, Turchetti B, de García V, Libkind D, Buzzini P, van Broock M. Extracellular enzymatic activities of basidiomycetous yeasts isolated from glacial and subglacial waters of northwest Patagonia (Argentina). Can J Microbiol 2007; 53:519-25. [PMID: 17612608 DOI: 10.1139/w07-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As part of a project aimed at the selection of cold-adapted yeasts expressing biotechnologically interesting features, the extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) of basidiomycetous yeasts isolated from glacial and subglacial waters of northwest Patagonia (Argentina) was investigated. Ninety-one basidiomycetous yeasts (belonging to the genera Cryptococcus , Leucosporidiella , Dioszegia , Mrakia , Rhodotorula , Rhodosporidium , Sporobolomyces , Sporidiobolus , Cystofilobasidium , and Udeniomyces ) were screened for extracellular amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, esterasic, pectinolytic, chitinolytic, and cellulolytic activities. Over 15% of the strains exhibited three or more different EEAs at 4 °C and more than 63% had at least two EEAs at the same temperature. No chitinolytic or cellulolytic activities were detected at 4 and 20 °C. Cell-free supernatants exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.01) protease and lipase activities at ≤10 °C, or even at 4 °C. In light of these findings, cold environments of Patagonia (Argentina) may be considered a potential source of cold-adapted yeasts producing industrially relevant cold-active enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Brizzio
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Biotecnología, CRUB, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Argentina
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Abstract
The yeasts, being favorite eukaryotic microorganisms used in food industry and biotechnologies for production of biomass and various substances, are also used as model organisms in genetic manipulation, molecular and biological research. In this respect, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best-known species but current situation in medicine and industry requires the use of other species. Here we summarize the basic taxonomic, morphological, physiological, genetic, etc. information about the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata that is evolutionarily very closely related to baker's yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bialková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Science, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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23
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Yeast populations associated with the artisanal cheese produced in the region of Serra da Canastra, Brazil. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Masoud W, Kaltoft CH. The effects of yeasts involved in the fermentation of Coffea arabica in East Africa on growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by Aspergillus ochraceus. Int J Food Microbiol 2006; 106:229-34. [PMID: 16213049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2005] [Revised: 04/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Pichia anomala, Pichia kluyveri and Hanseniaspora uvarum predominant during coffee processing on growth of Aspergillus ochraceus and production of ochratoxin A (OTA) on malt extract agar (MEA) and on coffee agar (CA) were studied. The three yeasts were able to inhibit growth of A. ochraceus when co-cultured in MEA and CA. Growth inhibition was significantly higher on MEA than on CA. Furthermore, P. anomala and P. kluyveri were found to have a stronger effect on growth of A. ochraceus than H. uvarum. The three yeasts were able to prevent spore germination of A. ochraceus in yeast glucose peptone (MYGP) broth. In yeast-free supernatant of MYGP broth after an incubation period of 72 h, spores of A. ochraceus were able to germinate with very short germ tubes, but further development of the germ tubes was inhibited. The three yeasts decreased the pH of MYGP broth from 5.6 to a range of 4.4-4.7, which was found to have no effect on spore germination of A. ochraceus. P. anomala, P. kluyveri and H. uvarum were able to prevent production of OTA by A. ochraceus when co-cultured on MEA. On CA medium, P. anomala and P. kluyveri prevented A. ochraceus from producing OTA. H. uvarum did not affect production of OTA by A. ochraceus on CA medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Masoud
- Department of Food Science, Food Microbiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Rolighedsvej 30, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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25
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Czárán TL, Hoekstra RF. Killer-sensitive coexistence in metapopulations of micro-organisms. Proc Biol Sci 2003; 270:1373-8. [PMID: 12965028 PMCID: PMC1691387 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2003.2338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many micro-organisms are known to produce efficient toxic substances against conspecifics and closely related species. The widespread coexistence of killer (toxin producer) and sensitive (non-producer) strains is a puzzle calling for a theoretical explanation. Based on stochastic cellular automaton simulations and the corresponding semi-analytical configuration-field approximation models, we suggest that metapopulation dynamics offers a plausible rationale for the maintenance of polymorphism in killer-sensitive systems. A slight trade-off between toxin production and population growth rate is sufficient to maintain the regional coexistence of toxic and sensitive strains, if toxic killing is a local phenomenon restricted to small habitat patches and local populations regularly go extinct and are renewed via recolonizations from neighbouring patches. Pattern formation on the regional scale does not play a decisive part in this mechanism, but the local manner of interactions is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás L Czárán
- Theoretical Biology and Ecology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Pintar J, Starmer WT. The costs and benefits of killer toxin production by the yeast Pichia kluyveri. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2003; 83:89-97. [PMID: 12755485 DOI: 10.1023/a:0000000089097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous yeast species in many genera are able to produce and excrete extracellular toxic proteins (mycocins) that can kill other specific sensitive yeasts. Natural distributions of killer yeasts suggest that they may be important in maintaining community composition and provide a benefit to the toxin producing cells. The fact that not all yeasts are killers and that polymorphisms exist within some killer species suggests there may be a cost associated with killer toxin production. This study focuses on the costs and benefits associated with toxin production by the yeast Pichia kluyveri. Strains differing in their ability to kill were obtained by tetrad dissection. One parent strain produced spores that exhibited a trade-off between killing ability and intrinsic growth rate. A killer clone from this strain was able to maintain a higher proportion of cells than a non-killer when grown with the same sensitive yeast under laboratory-simulated natural conditions. On the other hand, when grown with a yeast not sensitive to Pichia kluyveri toxin, the non-killer maintained a higher proportion of the total community than did the killer clone. The data support the hypothesis that there are both costs and benefits to producing killer toxin, and based on this, selection may favor different phenotypes in different conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Pintar
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Buzzini P, Martini A. Extracellular enzymatic activity profiles in yeast and yeast-like strains isolated from tropical environments. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 93:1020-5. [PMID: 12452958 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2002.01783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of this study was to investigate the extracellular enzymatic activity (EEA) profile of yeasts isolated from tropical environments of the Brazilian rain forest. This screening survey could constitute the first approach in selecting yeast strains of environmental origin potentially exploitable as enzyme producers. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 348 yeast (193 ascomycetes and 155 basidiomycetes) and 46 yeast-like strains (Aureobasidium pullulans) were screened for their EEA profile. The spread occurrence of extracellular amylases, esterases, lipases, proteases, pectinases and chitinases appeared to be a strain-related character. CONCLUSIONS Yeasts isolated from tropical environments could represent a promising source of EEA. Selected strains showed maximum levels of EEA under acidic or neutral conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated the potential for yeasts isolated from extreme environments as sources of industrially relevant enzymes for biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buzzini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale e Biotecnologie Agroambientali, Sezione di Microbiologia Applicata, Facoltà di Agraria, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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28
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Trindade RC, Resende MA, Silva CM, Rosa CA. Yeasts associated with fresh and frozen pulps of Brazilian tropical fruits. Syst Appl Microbiol 2002; 25:294-300. [PMID: 12353886 DOI: 10.1078/0723-2020-00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of yeasts on ripe fruits and frozen pulps of pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L), mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gom.), umbu (Spondias tuberosa Avr. Cam.), and acerola (Malpighia glaba L) was verified. The incidence of proteolytic, pectinolytic, and mycocinogenic yeasts on these communities was also determined. A total of 480 colonies was isolated and grouped in 405 different strains. These corresponded to 42 ascomycetous and 28 basidiomycetous species. Candida sorbosivorans, Pseudozyma antarctica, C. spandovensis-like, C. spandovensis, Kloeckera apis, C. parapsilosis, Rhodotorula graminis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Metchnikowia sp (isolated only from pitanga ripe fruits), Issatchenkia occidentalis and C. krusei (isolated only from mangaba frozen pulps), were the most frequent species. The yeast communities from pitanga ripe fruits exhibited the highest frequency of species, followed by communities from acerola ripe fruits and mangaba frozen pulps. Yeast communities from frozen pulp and ripe fruits of umbu had the lowest number of species. Except the yeasts from pitanga, yeast communities from frozen pulp exhibited higher number of yeasts than ripe fruit communities. Mycocinogenic yeasts were found in all of the substrates studied except in communities from umbu ripe fruits and pitanga frozen pulps. Most of the yeasts found to produce mycocins were basidiomycetes and included P. antarctica, Cryptococcus albidus, C. bhutanensis-like, R. graminis and R. mucilaginosa-like from pitanga ripe fruits as well as black yeasts from pitanga and acerola ripe fruits. The umbu frozen pulps community had the highest frequency of proteolytic species. Yeasts able to hydrolyse casein at pH 5.0 represented 38.5% of the species isolated. Thirty-seven percent of yeast isolates were able to hydrolyse casein at pH 7.0. Pectinolytic yeasts were found in all of the communities studied, excepted for those of umbu frozen pulps. The highest frequency of pectinolytic activity was found in mangaba frozen pulp communities. Around 30% of all isolates produced pectinases. The ability to split arbutin was observed in all communities ranging from 8% in yeasts from pitanga frozen pulps to 40.6% in acerola ripe fruit communities. Among 432 species tested, 125 were active for beta-glucosidase production, and Kloeckera apis, P. antarctica, C. sorbosivorans, and C. spandovensis-like were the most active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Trindade
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brazil
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29
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Czárán TL, Hoekstra RF, Pagie L. Chemical warfare between microbes promotes biodiversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:786-90. [PMID: 11792831 PMCID: PMC117383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.012399899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary processes generating biodiversity and ecological mechanisms maintaining biodiversity seem to be diverse themselves. Conventional explanations of biodiversity such as niche differentiation, density-dependent predation pressure, or habitat heterogeneity seem satisfactory to explain diversity in communities of macrobial organisms such as higher plants and animals. For a long time the often high diversity among microscopic organisms in seemingly uniform environments, the famous "paradox of the plankton," has been difficult to understand. The biodiversity in bacterial communities has been shown to be sometimes orders of magnitudes higher than the diversity of known macrobial systems. Based on a spatially explicit game theoretical model with multiply cyclic dominance structures, we suggest that antibiotic interactions within microbial communities may be very effective in maintaining diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás L Czárán
- Theoretical Biology and Ecology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Carreiro SC, Pagnocca FC, Bacci M, Bueno OC, Hebling MJA, Middelhoven WJ. Occurrence of killer yeasts in leaf-cutting ant nests. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2002; 47:259-62. [PMID: 12099266 DOI: 10.1007/bf02817648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Killer activity was screened in 99 yeast strains isolated from the nests of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens against 6 standard sensitive strains, as well as against each other. Among this yeast community killer activity was widespread since 77 strains (78%) were able to kill or inhibit the growth of at least one standard strain or nest strain. Toxin production was observed in representatives of all the studied genera including Aureobasidium, Rhodotorula, Tremella and Trichosporon, whose killer activity has not yet been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Carreiro
- Centro de Estudos de Insetos Sociais, UNESP, 13 506-900, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
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Buzzini P, Martini A. Utilisation of differential killer toxin sensitivity patterns for fingerprinting and clustering yeast strains belonging to different genera. Syst Appl Microbiol 2000; 23:450-7. [PMID: 11108026 DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(00)80077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The differential killer sensitivity of 103 yeast cultures belonging to 12 species (genera Debaryomyces, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, and Zygosaccharomyces), all previously taxonomically certified by nDNA-nDNA reassociation, against a given panel of 39 killer yeasts was used as a fingerprinting tool. All strains, with the only exception of eight cultures belonging to the species Zygosaccharomyces bailii, were characterised by a specific, individual sensitivity pattern (killer formula). Cluster analysis of binary sequences based on killer sensitivity of strains belonging to different genera is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buzzini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale e Biotecnologie Agroambientali, Sezione di Microbiologia Applicata, University of Perugia, Italy.
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Buzzini P, Martini A. Biodiversity of killer activity in yeasts isolated from the Brazilian rain forest. Can J Microbiol 2000; 46:607-11. [PMID: 10932353 DOI: 10.1139/w00-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of killer activity against a panel composed of 22 industrially and (or) medically important yeasts was investigated in 438 yeast and yeast-like cultures belonging to 96 species, isolated from different environments of the Brazilian rain forest. Altogether, 26% of ascomycetes, 56% of basidiomycetes, and 42% of yeast-like cultures exhibited killer activity against at least one of the panel yeasts. More than 15 species never reported before as toxin producers were found, with Pseudozyma antarctica, Trichosporon asteroides, and Geotrichum klebahnii, showing the broader activity spectra. Plasmid curing did not cure the killer phenotypes of Candida maltosa, Debaryomyces hansenii, G. klebahnii, Tr. asteroides, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Ps. antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buzzini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie e Biologia Vegetale, Sezione di Microbiologia Applicata, University of Perugia, Italy.
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Abranches J, Vital MJS, Starmer WT, Mendonça-Hagler LC, Hagler AN. The yeast community and mycocin producers of guava fruit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mycologia 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2000.12061125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Abranches
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Dept. Microbiologia Geral, Bl I, CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil and Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA 13244-1270
| | - Marcos J. S. Vital
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Dept. Microbiologia Geral, Bl I, CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil and Departamento de Biologia, CCS, Campus do Paricarana, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, RR, Brazil
| | - William T. Starmer
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA 13244-1270
| | - Leda C. Mendonça-Hagler
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Dept. Microbiologia Geral, Bl I, CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Allen N. Hagler
- Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Dept. Microbiologia Geral, Bl I, CCS, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
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Abranches J, Valente P, Nóbrega HN, Fernandez FA, Mendonça-Hagler LC, Hagler AN. Yeast diversity and killer activity dispersed in fecal pellets from marsupials and rodents in a Brazilian tropical habitat mosaic. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 1998. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.1998.tb01558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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