1
|
Pérez-Alfaro JE, Villaseca A, Gaytán R, Martínez-Jardines MA, Buitrón G, Texier AC, Cuervo-López FM. Nitrification activity in the presence of 2-chlorophenol using whole nitrifying cells and cell-free extracts: batch and SBR assays. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:364. [PMID: 37840880 PMCID: PMC10575828 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic assays with a nitrifying consortium with whole nitrifying cells amended with 5 mg 2-CP-C/L and 100, 200, 300, or 500 mg NH4+-N/L were carried out in batch and nitrifying sequencing batch reactor (SBR) cultures. No nitrification activity was observed in batch assays with 100 mg NH4+-N/L and 5 mg 2-CP-C/L. Nevertheless, increasing the ammonium concentration from 200 to 500 mg NH4+-N/L allowed simultaneous ammonium and nitrite oxidation even in the presence of 5 mg 2-CP-C/L plus the halogenated compound consumption. Under these conditions, the ammonium monooxygenase enzyme participated in 2-CP consumption. Complete nitrification and simultaneous elimination of 5 mg 2-CP-C/L were achieved in the SBR amended with 200-500 mg NH4+-N/L. The inhibitory effect of 2-CP on the nitrite oxidation process completely disappeared under these conditions. Assays with nitrifying cell-free extracts, ammonium (100 mg NH4+-N/L), and 2-CP (5 mg 2-CP-C/L) were also conducted. In the absence of 2-CP, the nitrifying cell-free extracts maintained up to 60% of the nitrifying activity compared to whole-cells. Contrary to whole-cell assays, cell-free extracts were capable of simultaneously oxidizing ammonium and consuming 2-CP. However, the inhibitory effect of 2-CP on nitrification was still present as lower specific rates of ammonium consumption and nitrate production were obtained. Thus, these assays indicate that the presence of 2-CP affects both, the ammonium transport mechanism and the activity of nitrifying enzymes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03764-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Pérez-Alfaro
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - A. Villaseca
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - Raúl Gaytán
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - M. A. Martínez-Jardines
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - G. Buitrón
- Unidad Académica del Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76230 Querétaro, Querétaro México
| | - A.-C. Texier
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - F. M. Cuervo-López
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martínez-Jardines M, Martínez-Hernández S, Texier AC, Cuervo-López F. 2-Chlorophenol consumption by cometabolism in nitrifying SBR reactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:41-49. [PMID: 30138854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cometabolic consumption of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) by a nitrifying sludge was evaluated in two SBR reactors fed with 60 mg 2-CP-C/L and different initial ammonium concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg NH4+-N/L). Irrespectively to the increase in ammonium concentration and throughout the operational cycles, the sludge achieved a complete nitrification in 14 days, accounting for ammonium consumption efficiencies close to 99% and nitrate production yields between 0.93 and 0.99. The sludge was able to completely consume 2-CP within 7 days. The increase in ammonium concentration provoked an increment in the specific rates of both ammonium (qNH4+-N) and 2-CP (q2-CP-C) consumption up to 5.2 and 3.1 times, respectively. The cometabolic effect of the increase in ammonium concentration on 2-CP consumption was supported by a direct and significant relationship between the qNH4+-N and q2-CP-C (r = 0.83). Moreover, batch assays conducted with ammonium, 2-CP, allylthiourea as specific inhibitor of the ammonium monooxygenase (AMO) enzyme, and the sludge inoculated into the reactors, resulted in a decrease of 34% in q2-CP-C, evidencing the participation of the AMO in the consumption of 2-CP. When the same assays were carried out with the sludge obtained from the SBR reactors after 13 operating cycles, a higher participation of the AMO in 2-CP consumption was noticed with a decrease of 53% in q2-CP-C. According to these results, the use of nitrifying sludge and high ammonium concentrations in SBR systems can be a suitable alternative for increasing the cometabolic consumption of recalcitrant compounds like 2-CP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martínez-Jardines
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, CDMX, 09340, Mexico
| | - Sergio Martínez-Hernández
- Institute of Biotechnology and Applied Ecology, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas 101, Xalapa, 91090, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Anne-Claire Texier
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, CDMX, 09340, Mexico
| | - Flor Cuervo-López
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, CDMX, 09340, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang L, Ren YX, Chen N, Cui S, Wang XH, Xiao Q. Organic loading rate shock impact on extracellular polymeric substances and physicochemical characteristics of nitrifying sludge treating high-strength ammonia wastewater under unsteady-state conditions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41681-41691. [PMID: 35558802 PMCID: PMC9091943 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08357f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory experimentation was used to investigate the impact of the organic loading rate shock on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the physicochemical characteristics of nitrifying sludge (NS) treating high-strength ammonia wastewater. The increased organic loading rates (OLRs) strongly influenced the stability of the NS with regard to nutrient removal, biomass–liquid separation, and surface properties, leading to the sludge system collapse at the OLR of 0.75 kg COD per kg MLVSS d. However, an incomplete recovery of the NS after the high OLRs shock was observed when decreasing the OLRs. In addition, the variations of OLRs resulted in relatively stable amounts of tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS), but a significant change in loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS). Both in LB-EPS and TB-EPS, the proteins (PN) contents and proteins to polysaccharides (PN/PS) ratios decreased with the increase in OLRs. Results from the excitation emission matrix spectra implied that the tryptophan PN-like substances were the major components in EPS at low OLRs, while the humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substrates increased markedly at high OLRs. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that PN and the PN/PS ratio were the most important factors in determining the physicochemical properties of the NS. It was indicated that the PN could accurately reflect the sludge properties of the NS, and thus effectively change the surface properties of the sludge, contributing to the cohesion between the aggregates to maintain a stable structure. Laboratory experimentation was used to investigate the impact of the organic loading rate shock on extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the physicochemical characteristics of nitrifying sludge (NS) treating high-strength ammonia wastewater.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource
- Environment and Ecology
- MOE
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- China
| | - Yong-Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource
- Environment and Ecology
- MOE
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- China
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource
- Environment and Ecology
- MOE
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- China
| | - Shen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource
- Environment and Ecology
- MOE
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- China
| | - Xu-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource
- Environment and Ecology
- MOE
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource
- Environment and Ecology
- MOE
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva CD, Beristain-Montiel L, de Maria Cuervo-López F, Texier AC. p-Cresol mineralization and bacterial population dynamics in a nitrifying sequential batch reactor. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1885-1893. [PMID: 25193839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a nitrifying sludge to oxidize p-cresol was evaluated in a sequential batch reactor (SBR). p-Cresol was first transformed to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and p-hydroxybenzoate, which were later mineralized. The specific rates of p-cresol consumption increased throughout the cycles. The bacterial population dynamics were monitored by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing of DGGE fragments. The ability of the sludge to consume p-cresol and intermediates might be related to the presence of species such as Variovorax paradoxus and Thauera mechernichensis. p-Cresol (25 to 200mgC/L) did not affect the nitrifying SBR performance (ammonium consumption efficiency and nitrate production yield were close to 100% and 1, respectively). This may be related to the high stability observed in the nitrifying communities. It was shown that a nitrifying SBR may be a good alternative to eliminate simultaneously ammonium and p-cresol, maintaining stable the respiratory process as the bacterial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos David Silva
- Department of Biotechnology - CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico; Department of Process and Technology-CNI, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Cuajimalpa, Mexico City 05300, Mexico.
| | - Lizeth Beristain-Montiel
- Department of Biotechnology - CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Flor de Maria Cuervo-López
- Department of Biotechnology - CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Anne-Claire Texier
- Department of Biotechnology - CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zepeda A, Ben-Youssef C, Rincón S, Cuervo-López F, Gómez J. Complete and simultaneous removal of ammonium and m-cresol in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor. Biodegradation 2012; 24:377-85. [PMID: 23054182 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-012-9595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Zepeda
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química Campus de Ingenierías y Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, periférico norte km 33.5, 97203, Mérida, YUC, México.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zielińska M, Bernat K, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Sobolewska J, Wojnowska-Baryła I. Nitrogen removal from wastewater and bacterial diversity in activated sludge at different COD/N ratios and dissolved oxygen concentrations. J Environ Sci (China) 2012; 24:990-998. [PMID: 23505865 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(11)60867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the organic carbon to nitrogen ratio (chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N) in wastewater and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency, and total bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in activated sludge in constantly aerated sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) was determined. At DO of 0.5 and 1.5 mg O2/L during the aeration phase, the efficiency of ammonia oxidation exceeded 90%, with nitrates as the main product. Nitrification and denitrification achieved under the same operating conditions suggested the simultaneous course of these processes. The most effective nitrogen elimination (above 50%) was obtained at the COD/N ratio of 6.8 and DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. Total bacterial diversity was similar in all experimental series, however, for both COD/N ratios of 6.8 and 0.7, higher values were observed at DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. The diversity and abundance of AOB were higher in the reactors with the COD/N ratio of 0.7 in comparison with the reactors with the COD/N of 6.8. For both COD/N ratios applied, the AOB population was not affected by oxygen concentration. Amplicons with sequences indicating membership of the genus Nitrosospira were the determinants of variable technological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zielińska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Stoneczna St. 45G, 10-709 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Su YM, Makinia J, Pagilla KR. Estimation of autotrophic maximum specific growth rate constant--experience from the long-term operation of a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor system. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2008; 80:355-366. [PMID: 18536487 DOI: 10.2175/106143007x221436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The autotrophic maximum specific growth rate constant, muA,max, is the critical parameter for design and performance of nitrifying activated sludge systems. In literature reviews (i.e., Henze et al., 1987; Metcalf and Eddy, 1991), a wide range of muA,max values have been reported (0.25 to 3.0 days(-1)); however, recent data from several wastewater treatment plants across North America revealed that the estimated muA,max values remained in the narrow range 0.85 to 1.05 days(-1). In this study, long-term operation of a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor system was investigated for estimating this coefficient according to the low food-to-microorganism ratio bioassay and simulation methods, as recommended in the Water Environment Research Foundation (Alexandria, Virginia) report (Melcer et al., 2003). The estimated muA,max values using steady-state model calculations for four operating periods ranged from 0.83 to 0.99 day(-1). The International Water Association (London, United Kingdom) Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) dynamic model simulations revealed that a single value of muA,max (1.2 days(-1)) could be used, despite variations in the measured specific nitrification rates. However, the average muA,max was gradually decreasing during the activated sludge chlorination tests, until it reached the value of 0.48 day(-1) at the dose of 5 mg chlorine/(g mixed liquor suspended solids x d). Significant discrepancies between the predicted XA/YA ratios were observed. In some cases, the ASM1 predictions were approximately two times higher than the steady-state model predictions. This implies that estimating this ratio from a complex activated sludge model and using it in simple steady-state model calculations should be accepted with great caution and requires further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-min Su
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Texier AC, Gomez J. Simultaneous nitrification and p-cresol oxidation in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2007; 41:315-22. [PMID: 17126873 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance, kinetic behavior and oxidizing ability of a nitrifying sludge exposed to different initial concentrations of p-cresol (25-150mg/l) were evaluated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with 200mg NH(4)(+)-N/ld. The nitrifying SBR operated up to 300mg/ld of p-cresol, achieving simultaneously the complete ammonium oxidation to nitrate and the total consumption of p-cresol and its transitory intermediates from the culture. p-Cresol induced a significant decrease in the values for specific rates of ammonium consumption, showing that the ammonium oxidation pathway was mainly inhibited. After 7 months of operation in SBR, the specific rates of NH(4)(+)-N oxidation, NO(3)(-)-N formation, and total organic carbon consumption were 0.6g NH(4)(+)-N/g microbial protein-Nh, 0.3g NO(3)(-)-N/g microbial protein-Nh, and 0.24g total organic carbon/g microbial protein h, respectively. The microbial growth rate was always low (maximum value of 12.2+/-0.4mg protein-N/ld) and settleability of the sludge was good with sludge volume index values lower than 21ml/g. The oxidation of p-cresol and its intermediates was carried out faster throughout the cycles and nitrification inhibition decreased with the number of cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A-C Texier
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Div. CBS, Departamento de Biotecnología, Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, C.P. 09340, México, DF
| | | |
Collapse
|