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Giuliani ME, Bigossi G, Lai G, Marcozzi S, Brunetti D, Malavolta M. Marine Compounds and Age-Related Diseases: The Path from Pre-Clinical Research to Approved Drugs for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:210. [PMID: 38786601 PMCID: PMC11123485 DOI: 10.3390/md22050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing represents a main risk factor for several pathologies. Among them, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predominant in the elderly population and often require prolonged use of multiple drugs due to their chronic nature and the high proportion of co-morbidities. Hence, research is constantly looking for novel, effective molecules to treat CVD and T2DM with minimal side effects. Marine active compounds, holding a great diversity of chemical structures and biological properties, represent interesting therapeutic candidates to treat these age-related diseases. This review summarizes the current state of research on marine compounds for the treatment of CVD and T2DM, from pre-clinical studies to clinical investigations and approved drugs, highlighting the potential of marine compounds in the development of new therapies, together with the limitations in translating pre-clinical results into human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Giuliani
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Giorgia Bigossi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Lai
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Serena Marcozzi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Dario Brunetti
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “Carlo Besta”, 20126 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research and Geriatric Mouse Clinic, IRCCS INRCA, 60121 Ancona, Italy; (M.E.G.); (G.B.); (G.L.); (S.M.)
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Khalifa AA, Rashad RM, El-Hadidy WF. Thymoquinone protects against cardiac mitochondrial DNA loss, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07561. [PMID: 34355083 PMCID: PMC8322274 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial infarction (MI) is an ischemic life-threatening disease with exaggerated oxidative stress state that vigorously damages the cardiomyocyte membrane and subcellular structures, including the vital mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The mtDNA is responsible for the proper functionality of the mitochondria, which are abundant in cardiomyocytes due to their dynamic nature and energy production requirements. Furthermore, oxidative stress triggers an inflammatory cascade and eventual apoptosis, which exacerbates cardiac injuries and dysfunction. AIM The present study used an isoproterenol (ISP)-induced MI rat model to investigate the role of the main active constituent of Nigella Sativa seeds, thymoquinone (TQ), in preserving the cardiac mtDNA content and ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. METHODS Rats in the (TQ + ISP) group were pre-treated with TQ (20 mg/kg/day) for 21 days before the MI induction using ISP (85 mg/kg/day). In addition, negative control and ISP groups were included in the study for comparison. A histopathological examination was performed and serum cardiac parameters (cTnI and LDH) were assessed. In addition, mtDNA content, oxidative stress parameters (MDA, GSH, SOD, GPx, and CAT), inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and apoptosis markers (BAX, Bcl2, and caspase-3) were detected. RESULTS The results showed that pre- and co-treatment with TQ in the (TQ + ISP) group reversed the histoarchitecture changes, caused a significant decrease in serum cardiac markers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, the apoptosis process, and preserved the cardiac mtDNA content. CONCLUSION TQ is a cardioprotective agent with an extended effect on preserving the cardiac mtDNA content, in addition to its powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa A. Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Radwa M. Rashad
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wessam F. El-Hadidy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Microbiota, a New Playground for the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020054. [PMID: 33498729 PMCID: PMC7931107 DOI: 10.3390/md19020054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cardioprotective mechanisms attributed to Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been studied and widely documented. However, in recent years, studies have supported the concept that the intestinal microbiota can play a much larger role than we had anticipated. Microbiota could contribute to several pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases. Indeed, an imbalance in the microbiota has often been reported in patients with cardiovascular disease and produces low-level inflammation. This inflammation contributes to, more or less, long-term development of cardiovascular diseases. It can also worsen the symptoms and the consequences of these pathologies. According to some studies, omega-3 PUFAs in the diet could restore this imbalance and mitigate its harmful effects on cardiovascular diseases. Many mechanisms are involved and included: (1) a reduction of bacteria producing trimethylamine (TMA); (2) an increase in bacteria producing butyrate, which has anti-inflammatory properties; and (3) a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, omega-3 PUFAs would help maintain better integrity in the intestinal barrier, thereby preventing the translocation of intestinal contents into circulation. This review will summarize the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on gut micro-biota and the potential impact on cardiac health.
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Cardioprotective effect of thymol against adrenaline-induced myocardial injury in rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04431. [PMID: 32715125 PMCID: PMC7378581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents a vital global disease burden. This study aims to assess the possible cardioprotective effect of thymol against adrenaline-induced myocardial injury (MI) in rats. Furthermore the effect of thymol on cardiac function biomarkers, electrocardiogram (ECG) alterations, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and histopathological changes was assessed. MI was induced by adrenaline (2 mg/kg, s.c.) injected as a single dose for 2 consecutive days (24 h apart). Normal and control groups received the vehicle for 21 consecutive days. The other 3 groups were orally administered thymol (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days and on day 22, adrenaline was injected as a single dose for 2 consecutive days. Then ECG examination, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical analyses were carried out. Thymol reversed adrenaline-induced reduction of heart rate, prolongation of RR interval and elevation of ST interval. Thymol pretreatment significantly reduced serum aspartate dehydrogenase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase (CK) levels in MI rats. Oral pretreatment with thymol increased reduced glutathione (GSH), reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cardiac contents in MI rats. Additionally, thymol administration significantly decreased protein expression of caspase-3, increased Bcl-2 protein expression in cardiac tissue and ameliorated histopathological changes. This study reveals that thymol exerted cardioprotective effect against adrenaline-induced MI in rats evidenced by improving cardiac function, attenuating ECG and histopathological changes which may be partly mediated through its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect.
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Xiang J, Xing Y, Long C, Hou D, Liu F, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Wang J, Zuo Y, Li X. Fatty acid metabolism as an indicator for the maternal-to-zygotic transition in porcine IVF embryos revealed by RNA sequencing. Theriogenology 2020; 151:128-136. [PMID: 32334121 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of fatty acids have been found in porcine oocytes and early embryos. Recent studies have indicated the importance of fatty acids in the development of pre-implantation porcine embryos, whether derived from in vivo or somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the effects of fatty acids on porcine embryos produced by in vitro fertilization (IVF) remain poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the patterns of gene expression and functions of fatty acids in pre-implantation IVF porcine embryos at different stages using transcriptome sequencing. We found that, in IVF porcine embryos, genes related to fatty acid metabolism were positively expressed during early embryonic development. Additionally, the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism changed dramatically during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT), and the genes associated with lipid metabolism were correlated with zygotic genome activation in porcine IVF embryos, suggesting that fatty acid metabolism plays an important role in MZT. In summary, fatty acid metabolism may be an indicator of MZT in porcine IVF embryos, which presents new considerations for exploring the regulatory mechanisms of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Ying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Chunshen Long
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Dongxia Hou
- Genetic Eugenics Department, Inner Mongolia Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China.
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, PR China.
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Cardioprotective Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Dichotomy between Experimental and Clinical Studies. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16070234. [PMID: 29996474 PMCID: PMC6071068 DOI: 10.3390/md16070234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-fat diet of North Americans has a major impact on cardiovascular disease occurrence. Notably, fatty acids have been identified as important factors that could modulate such diseases, especially myocardial infarction (MI). Experimentally, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have demonstrated positive effects on cardiovascular disorders and have also shown cardioprotection by decreasing MI size. Although many animal experiments have clearly established the benefits of omega-3 PUFA, clinical studies have not reached similar conclusions. In fact, the findings of recent clinical investigations indicate that omega-3 PUFA play only a minor role in cardiovascular health. This dichotomy between experimental and clinical studies may be due to different parameters that are not taken into account in animal experiments. We have recently observed that the high consumption of omega-6 PUFA results in significant attenuation of the beneficial effect of omega-3 PUFA on MI. We believe that part of the dichotomy between experimental and clinical research may be related to the quantity of omega-6 PUFA ingested. This review of the data indicates the importance of considering omega-6 PUFA consumption in omega-3 PUFA studies.
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Desnoyers M, Gilbert K, Madingou N, Gagné MA, Daneault C, Des Rosiers C, Rousseau G. A high omega-3 fatty acid diet rapidly changes the lipid composition of cardiac tissue and results in cardioprotection. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:916-921. [PMID: 29806983 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to ascertain the effects of 3 diets with different omega-3/6 fatty acid ratios on infarct size and the modifications that these diets induce in the lipid composition of cardiac tissue. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed omega-3/6 fatty acid diets with 1:1, 1:5, or 1:20 ratios for at least 10 days, followed by occlusion of the left anterior descending artery for 40 min and 24 h of reperfusion. Infarct size was significantly smaller in the 1:1 group than in the other groups. Significantly higher concentrations of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid were found in the 1:1 group than in the other groups. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were similar between groups, although they were higher in the 1:5 and 1:20 groups than in the 1:1 group. Margaric acid concentrations were higher in the 1:1 group than in the other groups. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in cardiac tissue and infarct size were significantly correlated with no other significant links being apparent. The present study indicated that a 1:1 omega-3/6 fatty acid ratio protected against ischemia and was associated with increased omega-3 fatty acid composition of cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Desnoyers
- a CIUSSS du nord de l'île de Montréal, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.,b Département de pharmacologie et de physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kim Gilbert
- a CIUSSS du nord de l'île de Montréal, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Ness Madingou
- a CIUSSS du nord de l'île de Montréal, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Marc-André Gagné
- a CIUSSS du nord de l'île de Montréal, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.,b Département de pharmacologie et de physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Caroline Daneault
- c Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,d Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Christine Des Rosiers
- c Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada.,d Département de nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Guy Rousseau
- a CIUSSS du nord de l'île de Montréal, Hôpital Sacré-Cœur, Montréal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada.,b Département de pharmacologie et de physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Rius-Ottenheim N, Kromhout D, Sijtsma FPC, Geleijnse JM, Giltay EJ. Dietary patterns and mental health after myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186368. [PMID: 29036212 PMCID: PMC5642887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet has been associated with better mental health in general populations, but less is known on this association in patients with a history of coronary heart disease. The objective of this study is to examine the cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and mental health in elderly patients with a history of myocardial infarction. METHODS Data were drawn from the final assessment of the Alpha Omega cohort that monitored patients with a history of myocardial infarction (age range 60-80 years). 2171 patients with complete data for diet and mental health were included in this study. Diet was assessed with the 203-item Food Frequency Questionnaire, and subsequently categorized into two scores: the Dutch Healthy Nutrient and Food Score (DHNaFS) and the Dutch Undesirable Nutrient and Food Score (DUNaFS). Depressive symptoms, assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and dispositional optimism, assessed with the 4-item questionnaire (4Q), were cross-sectionally analyzed in relation to dietary patterns using linear regression analysis. RESULTS Patients were on average 72.2 years old and 79.5% were male. The DHNaFS score was associated with less depressive symptoms and higher dispositional optimism (β = -0.108; P<0.001; and β = 0.074; P<0.001), whereas no associations were found with the DUNaFS score. Particularly, consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, fish, and low fat-dairy were associated with less depressive symptoms and higher optimism. Similar associations were found when analyzing the association between average DHNaFS score over the preceding 41 months with depression β = -0.085; P<0.001) and higher dispositional optimism (β = 0.084; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A healthy dietary pattern, in particular a higher consumption of vegetables, fruit, whole grains, fish and low-fat dairy, was associated with less depressive symptoms and higher optimism. However, given the cross-sectional nature of our analyses, our findings may also be explained by more optimistic participants making healthier food choices. Therefore, future prospective or interventions studies are needed to establish the direction of causality of this association. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03192410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Rius-Ottenheim
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Spaarne Gasthuis Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Haarlem, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Daan Kromhout
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Femke P. C. Sijtsma
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J. Giltay
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Sala-Vila A, Fernández-Jiménez R, Pizarro G, Calvo C, García-Ruiz JM, Fernández-Friera L, Rodriguez MD, Escalera N, Palazuelos J, Macías A, Pérez-Asenjo B, Fernández-Ortiz A, Ros E, Fuster V, Ibáñez B. Nutritional preconditioning by marine omega-3 fatty acids in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: A METOCARD-CNIC trial substudy. Int J Cardiol 2017; 228:828-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Lv FH, Yin HL, He YQ, Wu HM, Kong J, Chai XY, Zhang SR. Effects of curcumin on the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and the expression of NF-κB, PPAR-γ and Bcl-2 in rats with myocardial infarction injury. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3877-3884. [PMID: 28105120 PMCID: PMC5228430 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural polyphenol with powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study evaluated the protective effect of curcumin on myocardial injury in rats as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects, and examined the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) following myocardial infarction. A rat model of myocardial infarction was successfully established. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed cellular atrophy and hyperchromatic cytoplasm in the myocardial infarction area. The myocardial cells displayed lysis and breakage of cardiac muscle fibers, karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells and proliferation of fibrous tissue. Curcumin treatment at a dosage of 150 mg/kg/body weight resulted in an increase in surviving cells, fewer apoptotic cells, decreased proliferation of fibrous tissue and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells, though necrosis was still present compared with the rats without curcumin treatment. The immunohistochemical assay demonstrated that curcumin treatment inhibited the expression of NF-κB, but increased the expression of PPAR-γ. The results of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction indicated that curcumin treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2 (P<0.01). Therefore, curcumin antagonizes cardiomyocyte apoptosis and inhibits inflammatory cell infiltration following myocardial infarction, which may be associated with its inhibitory effects on the expression of NF-κB, and activating effects on the expression of PPAR-γ and Bcl-2 in myocardial cells. Curcumin may be useful in clinical practice for saving more living heart muscle in the area of myocardial infarction and improving cardiac function following the elective opening of obstructed coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Lei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qun He
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The Second Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Juan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Su-Rong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Teaching Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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Madingou N, Gilbert K, Tomaro L, Prud'homme Touchette C, Trudeau F, Fortin S, Rousseau G. Comparison of the effects of EPA and DHA alone or in combination in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 111:11-6. [PMID: 27499449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this project was to investigate the impact of two dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), alone or in combination, on infarct size. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 14 days with different omega-3 diets. The animals were subjected to ischemia for 40min followed by reperfusion. Infarct size, Akt (protein kinase B) activation level, caspase-3 activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were measured. The results indicate that EPA or DHA alone significantly reduced infarct size compared to the other diets. Akt activity was increased in the group fed EPA or DHA alone, whereas no significant activation was observed in the other groups compared to no omega-3 PUFA. DHA alone reduced caspase-3 activity and conferred resistance to mPTP opening. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EPA and DHA are individually effective in diminishing infarct size in our experimental model while their combination is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ness Madingou
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Kim Gilbert
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - Leandro Tomaro
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Charles Prud'homme Touchette
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - François Trudeau
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4J 1C5
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, 235 Route du Fleuve Ouest, Ste-Luce, Québec, Canada G0K 1P0
| | - Guy Rousseau
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7.
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Abstract
This study was designed to determine if Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a pro-resolution metabolite of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, could decrease myocardial infarct size with delivered at the onset of ischemia. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent 40 minutes of myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion. These animals received 1 intraventricular injection of RvD1 (0.01, 0.1, or 0.3 μg RvD1) or vehicle (saline) before coronary occlusion. Infarct size and neutrophil accumulation were evaluated 24 hours after the onset of reperfusion. Caspase-3, caspase-8, protein kinase B (Akt) activities were evaluated 30 minutes after the reperfusion. Rats receiving 0.1 or 0.3 μg RvD1 showed a significant decrease of infarct size and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities compared with the vehicle controls. Neutrophil accumulations were reduced in rats administered RvD1 compared with vehicle, independently of dose level. Akt activation was increased only in animals receiving 0.1 or 0.3 μg, whereas no change was observed in the 0.01 μg group. When they were treated with LY-294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor, cardioprotection by RvD1 was abrogated. RvD1 treatment at the onset of ischemia decreases infarct size by a mechanism involving the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Serum Fatty Acids, Traditional Risk Factors, and Comorbidity as Related to Myocardial Injury in an Elderly Population with Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Lipids 2016; 2016:4945720. [PMID: 26989512 PMCID: PMC4775818 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4945720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Epidemiological and randomized clinical trials indicate that marine polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may have cardioprotective effects. Aim. Evaluate the associations between serum fatty acid profile, traditional risk factors, the presence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and peak Troponin T (TnT) levels in elderly patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Materials and Methods. Patients (n = 299) consecutively included in the ongoing Omega-3 fatty acids in elderly patients with myocardial infarction (OMEMI) trial were investigated. Peak TnT was registered during the hospital stay. Serum fatty acid analysis was performed 2–8 weeks later. Results. No significant correlations between peak TnT levels and any of the n-3 PUFAs were observed. However, patients with a history of atrial fibrillation had significantly lower docosahexaenoic acid levels than patients without. Significantly lower peak TnT levels were observed in patients with a history of hyperlipidemia, angina, MI, atrial fibrillation, intermittent claudication, and previous revascularization (all p < 0.02). Conclusions. In an elderly population with AMI, no association between individual serum fatty acids and estimated myocardial infarct size could be demonstrated. However, a history of hyperlipidemia and the presence of CVD were associated with lower peak TnT levels, possibly because of treatment with cardioprotective medications.
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Gilbert K, Malick M, Madingou N, Bourque-Riel V, Touchette C, Rousseau G. Linoleic acid attenuates cardioprotection induced by resolvin D1. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:122-6. [PMID: 27133431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously observed that resolvin D1 (RvD1), a metabolite of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid, reduces infarct size by a mechanism involving the PI3-K/Akt pathway. In parallel, the beneficial effect of a high omega-3 PUFA diet on infarct size can be attenuated by increased omega-6 PUFA consumption. The present study was designed to determine if augmented linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 PUFA administered at the same time, attenuates the cardioprotective action of RvD1. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 0.1μg RvD1 alone or with one of three LA doses (1, 5 or 10μg) directly into the left ventricle chamber 5min before ischemia. The animals underwent 40min of ischemia by occlusion of the left descending coronary artery followed by 30min or 24h of reperfusion. Infarct size and neutrophil accumulation were evaluated after 24h of reperfusion, while caspase-3, -8 and -9 and Akt activities were assessed at 30min of reperfusion. LA attenuated cardioprotection afforded by RvD1, resulting in significantly increased infarct size. Neutrophil accumulation and Akt activity were similar between groups. Caspase activities, especially caspase-9, which could be activated by ischemia, were stimulated in the presence of LA, suggesting that this omega-6 PUFA accentuates ischemia intensity. The present results indicate that LA significantly attenuates the beneficial effect of RvD1 on infarct size. Therefore, reduction of omega-6 intake should be considered to maintain the protection afforded by RvD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Gilbert
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Mandy Malick
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Ness Madingou
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Valérie Bourque-Riel
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Charles Touchette
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Guy Rousseau
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin Ouest, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4J 1C5; Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7.
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Gilbert K, Malick M, Madingou N, Touchette C, Bourque-Riel V, Tomaro L, Rousseau G. Metabolites derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for cardioprotection. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 769:147-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Marventano S, Kolacz P, Castellano S, Galvano F, Buscemi S, Mistretta A, Grosso G. A review of recent evidence in human studies of n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depressive disorders: does the ratio really matter? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:611-22. [PMID: 26307560 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1077790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been considered of great interest for human health due to their potential anti-inflammatory action that may protect from a number of chronic-degenerative diseases with an inflammatory pathogenesis. This review aimed to report the most updated evidence of both n-3 and n-6 PUFAs effect on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and depression in humans. Attention has been also paid to those studies exploring the effects of the ratio intake. Results from pooled analyses of human studies reported a general positive effect of n-3 PUFAs intake on all outcomes considered. In contrast, the role of n-6 PUFAs on human health needs to be better assessed in order to clearly identify which compound exerts beneficial/harmful effects. Only a limited number of clinical studies considered the n-3:n-6 PUFAs ratio, rather reporting contrasting results. A number of limitations when considering the ratio between these two families of PUFAs have risen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marventano
- a Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Public Health , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Paulina Kolacz
- b Department of Human Nutrition , Jagiellonian University Medical College in Krakow , Krakow , Poland
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- c Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry , University of Catania , Catania , Italy , and
| | - Fabio Galvano
- c Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry , University of Catania , Catania , Italy , and
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- d Department of Internal Medicine , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Antonio Mistretta
- a Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Public Health , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- a Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences, and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Section of Hygiene and Public Health , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
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Gilbert K, Malick M, Madingou N, Godbout R, Rousseau G. Resolvin D1 decreases caspase-3 activation in the limbic system after myocardial infarction. PHARMANUTRITION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Cao S, Han J, Wu J, Li Q, Liu S, Zhang W, Pei Y, Ruan X, Liu Z, Wang X, Lim B, Li N. Specific gene-regulation networks during the pre-implantation development of the pig embryo as revealed by deep sequencing. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:4. [PMID: 24383959 PMCID: PMC3925986 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Because few studies exist to describe the unique molecular network regulation behind pig pre-implantation embryonic development (PED), genetic engineering in the pig embryo is limited. Also, this lack of research has hindered derivation and application of porcine embryonic stem cells and porcine induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Results We identified and analyzed the genome wide transcriptomes of pig in vivo-derived and somatic cell nuclear transferred (SCNT) as well as mouse in vivo-derived pre-implantation embryos at different stages using mRNA deep sequencing. Comparison of the pig embryonic transcriptomes with those of mouse and human pre-implantation embryos revealed unique gene expression patterns during pig PED. Pig zygotic genome activation was confirmed to occur at the 4-cell stage via genome-wide gene expression analysis. This activation was delayed to the 8-cell stage in SCNT embryos. Specific gene expression analysis of the putative inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE) revealed that pig and mouse pre-implantation embryos share regulatory networks during the first lineage segregation and primitive endoderm differentiation, but not during ectoderm commitment. Also, fatty acid metabolism appears to be a unique characteristic of pig pre-implantation embryonic development. In addition, the global gene expression patterns in the pig SCNT embryos were different from those in in vivo-derived pig embryos. Conclusions Our results provide a resource for pluripotent stem cell engineering and for understanding pig development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Castillo RL, Arias C, Farías JG. Omega 3 chronic supplementation attenuates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury through reinforcement of antioxidant defense system in rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:274-81. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L. Castillo
- Pathophysiology Program, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Consuelo Arias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Universidad de la Frontera; Temuco Chile
| | - Jorge G. Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias; Universidad de la Frontera; Temuco Chile
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21
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Dietary interventions with n-3 fatty acids or probiotics targeting post-myocardial infarction depression. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:1-3. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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WANG SIPING, CHEN YANHONG, LI HONG. Association between the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and blood lipids in healthy individuals. Exp Ther Med 2012; 4:1107-1111. [PMID: 23226783 PMCID: PMC3494105 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in blood is closely associated with the status of the health of individuals; in particular, the lack of ω-3 fatty acids may lead to the development of numerous diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of PUFAs, and their correlation with triglycerides and other factors in blood. The levels of PUFAs and blood lipids were detected in 156 healthy individuals; the blood samples were tested by combined thin-layer and gas liquid chromatographic analysis. The level of ω-3 fatty acids was low in the subjects and the ω-3 index was 4.25%, while the ω-6:ω-3 ratio was at a satisfactory level. There was a strong inverse correlation between ω-3 fatty acids and triglycerides, and a strong positive correlation between ω-3 fatty acids and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid were inversely correlated with triglycerides, and positively correlated with HDL. In conclusion, ω-3 fatty acids are able to adjust the levels of blood lipids, and lower the levels of triglycerides, which may contribute to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- SI-PING WANG
- Department of Special Service of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853,
P.R. China
| | - YAN-HONG CHEN
- Department of Special Service of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853,
P.R. China
| | - HONG LI
- Department of Special Service of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853,
P.R. China
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Attenuation of post-myocardial infarction depression in rats by n-3 fatty acids or probiotics starting after the onset of reperfusion. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:50-6. [PMID: 23068715 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512003807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines play a central role in depression-like behaviour and apoptosis in the limbic system after myocardial infarction (MI). A PUFA n-3 diet or the combination of Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 probiotics, when given before the ischaemic period, reduce circulating proinflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis in the limbic system. The present study was designed to determine if the same nutritional interventions maintain their beneficial effects when started after the onset of the reperfusion period and attenuate depression-like behaviour observed after MI. MI was induced by the occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 40 min in rats. After the onset of reperfusion, animals were fed with a high- or low-PUFA n-3 diet, combined or not with one billion live bacteria of L. helveticus and B. longum. At 3 d post-MI, caspase-3 enzymatic activities and terminal 2'-deoxyuridine, 5'-triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labelling (TUNEL)-positive cells were decreased in the CA1, dentate gyrus (DG) and amygdala with the high-PUFA n-3 diet, as compared to the three other diets. Probiotics attenuated caspase-3 activity and TUNEL-positive cells in the DG and the medial amygdala. At 2 weeks post-MI, depression-like behaviour was observed in the low-PUFA n-3 diet without probiotics-group, and this behaviour was attenuated with the high-PUFA n-3 diet or/and probiotics. These results indicate that a high-PUFA n-3 diet or the administration of probiotics, starting after the onset of reperfusion, are beneficial to attenuate apoptosis in the limbic system and post-MI depression in the rat.
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Bah TM, Benderdour M, Kaloustian S, Karam R, Rousseau G, Godbout R. Escitalopram reduces circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and improves depressive behavior without affecting sleep in a rat model of post-cardiac infarct depression. Behav Brain Res 2011; 225:243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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