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Lee S, Hwang Y, Park KE, Bae S, Ok SH, Ahn SH, Sim G, Bae M, Sohn JT. Hypothermia Inhibits Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contractions in Isolated Rat Aortae. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3017. [PMID: 38474263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is widely used to induce sedation in the perioperative period. This study examined the effect of hypothermia (33 and 25 °C) on dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in an endothelium-intact aorta with or without the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NW-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). In addition, the effect of hypothermia on the contraction induced by dexmedetomidine in an endothelium-denuded aorta with or without a calcium-free Krebs solution was examined. The effects of hypothermia on the protein kinase C (PKC), myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation, and Rho-kinase membrane translocation induced by dexmedetomidine were examined. Hypothermia inhibited dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the endothelium-intact aorta with L-NAME or endothelium-denuded aorta. Hypothermia had almost no effect on the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the endothelium-denuded aorta with the calcium-free Krebs solution; however, the subsequent contraction induced by the addition of calcium was inhibited by hypothermia. Conversely, the transition from profound hypothermia back to normothermia reversed the hypothermia-induced inhibition of subsequent calcium-induced contractions. Hypothermia inhibited any contraction induced by KCl, PDBu, and NaF, as well as PKC and MLC20 phosphorylation and Rho-kinase membrane translocation induced by dexmedetomidine. These results suggest that hypothermia inhibits dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, which is mediated mainly by the impediment of calcium influx and partially by the attenuation of pathways involving PKC and Rho-kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeran Hwang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Eon Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungil Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon-si 51472, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ahn
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyujin Sim
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonju Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beon-gil, Jinju-si 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Gatica S, Aravena C, Prado Y, Aravena D, Echeverría C, Santibanez JF, Riedel CA, Stehberg J, Simon F. Appraisal of the Neuroprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine: A Meta-Analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1408:163-181. [PMID: 37093427 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26163-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is an adrenergic receptor agonist that has been regarded as neuroprotective in several studies without an objective measure to it. Thus, the aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze and quantify the current evidence for the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine in animals. The search was performed by querying the National Library of Medicine. Studies were included based on their language, significancy of their results, and complete availability of data on animal characteristics and interventions. Risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE's risk of bias tool and certainty was assessed using the ARRIVE Guidelines 2.0. Synthesis was performed by calculating pooled standardized mean difference and presented in forest plots and tables. The number of eligible records included per outcome is the following: 22 for IL-1β, 13 for IL-6, 19 for apoptosis, 7 for oxidative stress, 7 for Escape Latency, and 4 for Platform Crossings. At the cellular level, dexmedetomidine was found protective against production of IL-1β (standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 4.3 [- 4.8; - 3.7]) and IL-6 (SMD = - 5.6 [- 6.7; - 4.6]), apoptosis (measured through TUNEL, SMD = - 6.0 [- 6.8; - 4.6]), and oxidative stress (measured as MDA production, SMD = - 2.0 [- 2.4; - 1.4]) exclusively in the central nervous system. At the organism level, dexmedetomidine improved behavioral outcomes measuring escape latency (SMD = - 2.4 [- 3.3; - 1.6]) and number of platform crossings (SMD = 9.1 [- 6.8; - 11.5]). No eligible study had high risk of bias and certainty was satisfactory for reproducibility in all cases. This meta-analysis highlights the complexity of adrenergic stimulation and sheds light into the mechanisms potentiated by dexmedetomidine, which could be exploited for improving current neuroprotective formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Gatica
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristobal Aravena
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yolanda Prado
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Aravena
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cesar Echeverría
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nanomedicine and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Atacama, Copiapo, Chile
| | - Juan F Santibanez
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Integrative Center for Biology and Applied Chemistry (CIBQA), Bernardo O'Higgins University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jimmy Stehberg
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Min YS, Yoon HJ, Je HD, Lee JH, Yoo SS, Shim HS, Lee HY, La HO, Sohn UD. Endothelium Independent Effect of Pelargonidin on Vasoconstriction in Rat Aorta. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:374-379. [PMID: 29390250 PMCID: PMC6029677 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2017.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of pelargonidin, an anthocyanidin found in many fruits and vegetables, on endothelium-independent vascular contractility to determine the underlying mechanism of relaxation. Isometric contractions of denuded aortic muscles from male rats were recorded, and the data were combined with those obtained in western blot analysis. Pelargonidin significantly inhibited fluoride-, thromboxane A2-, and phorbol ester-induced vascular contractions, regardless of the presence or absence of endothelium, suggesting a direct effect of the compound on vascular smooth muscles via a different pathway. Pelargonidin significantly inhibited the fluoride-dependent increase in the level of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation at Thr-855 and the phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-dependent increase in the level of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation at Thr202/Tyr204, suggesting the inhibition of Rho-kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) activities and subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 and ERK1/2. These results suggest that the relaxation effect of pelargonidin on agonist-dependent vascular contractions includes inhibition of Rho-kinase and MEK activities, independent of the endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sil Min
- Department of Medical Plant Science, College of Scienceand Engineering, Jung Won University, Goesan 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Dong Je
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Su Yoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sub Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen-Oh La
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Chung YH, Oh KW, Kim ST, Park ES, Je HD, Yoon HJ, Sohn UD, Jeong JH, La HO. Hypothermia Inhibits Endothelium-Independent Vascular Contractility via Rho-kinase Inhibition. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:139-145. [PMID: 28208012 PMCID: PMC5839492 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of hypothermia on endothelium-independent vascular smooth muscle contractility and to determine the mechanism underlying the relaxation. Denuded aortic rings from male rats were used and isometric contractions were recorded and combined with molecular experiments. Hypothermia significantly inhibited fluoride-, thromboxane A2-, phenylephrine-, and phorbol ester-induced vascular contractions regardless of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, suggesting that another pathway had a direct effect on vascular smooth muscle. Hypothermia significantly inhibited the fluoride-induced increase in pMYPT1 level and phorbol ester-induced increase in pERK1/2 level, suggesting inhibition of Rho-kinase and MEK activity and subsequent phosphorylation of MYPT1 and ERK1/2. These results suggest that the relaxing effect of moderate hypothermia on agonist-induced vascular contraction regardless of endothelial function involves inhibition of Rho-kinase and MEK activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Woong Oh
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Sub Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Dong Je
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyen-Oh La
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
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Friesen RH, Slavov D, Miyamoto SD, John Ing R, LaRiviere WB, Taylor MRG. Lack of Association Between Adrenoreceptor Genotype and the Vasoconstriction Response to Dexmedetomidine. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2017; 21:341-344. [PMID: 28482761 DOI: 10.1177/1089253217708621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An exaggerated vasoconstriction response to dexmedetomidine, an α-2 adrenergic agonist, has been associated with 2 genotypes: a deletion in the α-2B adrenoreceptor gene ( ADRA2B deletion) and SNP rs9922316 in the gene for protein kinase C type β ( PRKCB). We hypothesized that children with a marked systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) increase following intravenous dexmedetomidine bolus would carry these genotypes. Following institutional review board approval, DNA samples from 16 children with transplanted hearts who participated in a study in the cardiac catheterization laboratory of hemodynamic responses to dexmedetomidine boluses underwent genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and PCR Sanger sequencing for the ADRA2B deletion and for PRKCB rs9922316. A wide range of SVRI (-12% to +76%, median 33%) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; -7% to +50%, median 26%) responses to dexmedetomidine was observed. The responses were not significantly different among genotype groups. An association between exaggerated SVRI or MAP responses and either ADRA2B deletion or PRKCB rs9922316 was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Friesen
- 1 Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,2 University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Shelley D Miyamoto
- 1 Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,2 University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard John Ing
- 1 Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,2 University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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Zhou SZ, Li ZM, Liu XR, Zhou J, Tan XQ, Yang Y, Wei JC. Bidirectional Regulatory Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Porcine Coronary Tone In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1621-1626. [PMID: 28369032 PMCID: PMC5388309 DOI: 10.12659/msm.903501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies in vivo have shown that dexmedetomidine (DEX) could protect the myocardium and modulate the coronary blood flow. This study aimed to investigate the direct and concentration-dependent effects of DEX on the tone of porcine coronary artery in vitro and the underlying mechanisms. Material/Methods Distal branches of the porcine anterior descending coronary arteries were dissected and cut into 3–5 mm rings. The tones of coronary rings in response to cumulative DEX were measured using the PowerLab system. Coronary rings were divided into three groups: 1) endothelium-intact coronary rings without drug pretreatment (control); 2) endothelium-intact coronary rings pretreated with either yohimbine, tetraethylamine (TEA) or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME); and 3) endothelium-denuded coronary rings pretreated with either yohimbine or TEA. Results DEX induced coronary ring relaxation at lower concentrations (10−9 to 10−7 M) followed by constriction at higher concentrations (10−6 to 10−5 M). The coronary constrictive effect of higher DEX (10−5 M) was greater in the endothelium-denuded rings than in the endothelium-intact rings. Yohimbine reduced the coronary constrictive effect of DEX at higher concentrations (10−6 to 10−5 M). TEA and L-NAME significantly reduced the coronary relaxing effect of DEX at lower concentrations (10−9 to 10−7 M) in endothelium-intact rings. TEA attenuated the coronary relaxation induced by DEX in endothelium-denuded rings. Conclusions DEX exerts bidirectional effects on porcine coronary tone. The coronary relaxing effect of DEX at lower concentrations is likely associated with endothelium integrity, NO synthesis and BKCa channel activation, while the coronary constrictive effect of DEX at higher concentrations is mediated by α2 adrenoceptors in the coronary smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zhi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ya'an People's Hospital, Ya'an, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 1st People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xue-Ru Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Qiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Ji-Cheng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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Mikami M, Zhang Y, Kim B, Worgall TS, Groeben H, Emala CW. Dexmedetomidine's inhibitory effects on acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerves in guinea pig trachea: a mechanism that accounts for its clinical benefit during airway irritation. BMC Anesthesiol 2017; 17:52. [PMID: 28356076 PMCID: PMC5372301 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-017-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway instrumentation can evoke upper airway reflexes including bronchoconstriction and cough which can cause serious complications including airway trauma, laryngospasm or bronchospasm which may in turn lead to difficulty with ventilation and hypoxemia. These airway events are mediated in part by irritant-induced neuronal modulation of airway tone and cough responses. We investigated whether the commonly used anesthetic agents dexmedetomidine, lidocaine or remifentanil attenuated neuronal and airway smooth muscle responses in the upper airways of guinea pigs. METHODS The ability of dexmedetomidine, lidocaine or remifentanil to attenuate direct cholinergic nerve stimulation, C-fiber stimulation or direct smooth muscle contraction were studied using isolated tracheal rings from male guinea pigs under four paradigms; (1) the magnitude of contractile force elicited by cholinergic electrical field stimulation (EFS); (2) the amount of acetylcholine released during cholinergic EFS; (3) the direct airway smooth muscle relaxation of a sustained acetylcholine-induced contraction and (4) the magnitude of C-fiber mediated contraction. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine (1-100 μM) and lidocaine (1 mM) attenuated cholinergic 30Hz EFS-induced tracheal ring contraction while remifentanil (10 μM) had no effect. Dexmedetomidine at 10 μM (p = 0.0047) and 100 μM (p = 0.01) reduced cholinergic EFS-induced acetylcholine release while lidocaine (10 μM-1 mM) and remifentanil (0.1-10 μM) did not. Tracheal ring muscle force induced by the exogenous addition of the contractile agonist acetylcholine or by a prototypical C-fiber analogue of capsaicin were also attenuated by 100 μM dexmedetomidine (p = 0.0061 and p = 0.01, respectively). The actual tracheal tissue concentrations of dexmedetomidine achieved (0.54-26 nM) following buffer application of 1-100 μM of dexmedetomidine were within the range of clinically achieved plasma concentrations (12 nM). CONCLUSIONS The α2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine reduced cholinergic EFS-induced contractions and acetylcholine release consistent with the presence of inhibitory α2 adrenoceptors on the prejunctional side of the postganglionic cholinergic nerve-smooth muscle junction. Dexmedetomidine also attenuated both exogenous acetylcholine-induced contraction and C-fiber mediated contraction, suggesting a direct airway smooth muscle effect and an underlying mechanism for cough suppression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Mikami
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Box 46, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Box 46, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Benjamin Kim
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tilla S Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harald Groeben
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Therapy, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Charles W Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, P&S Box 46, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contraction Involves CPI-17 Phosphorylation in Isolated Rat Aortas. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101663. [PMID: 27706026 PMCID: PMC5085696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α-2 adrenoceptor agonist, produces vasoconstriction, which leads to transiently increased blood pressure. The goal of this study was to investigate specific protein kinases and the associated cellular signal pathways responsible for the increased calcium sensitization induced by dexmedetomidine in isolated rat aortas, with a particular focus on phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein of myosin phosphatase (CPI-17). The effect of Y-27632 and chelerythrine on the dexmedetomidine-induced intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and tension were assessed using fura-2-loaded aortic strips. The effects of rauwolscine, Y-27632, chelerythrine, and ML-7 hydrochloride on the dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of CPI-17 or of the 20-kDa regulatory light chain of myosin (MLC20) were investigated in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. The effects of rauwolscine, Y-27632, and chelerythrine on the membrane translocation of Rho-kinase and protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation induced by dexmedetomidine were assessed. Y-27632 and chelerythrine each reduced the slopes of the [Ca2+]i-tension curves of dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, and Y-27632 more strongly reduced these slopes than did chelerythrine. Rauwolscine, Y-27632, chelerythrine, and ML-7 hydrochloride attenuated the dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of CPI-17 and MLC20. Taken together, these results suggest that dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves calcium sensitization, which appears to be mediated by CPI-17 phosphorylation via Rho-kinase or PKC.
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Ok SH, Byon HJ, Jin H, Kim HJ, Kim W, Nam IK, Eun SY, Sohn JT. Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase phosphorylation through activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in the isolated endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 41:1014-22. [PMID: 25224579 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vasoconstriction induced by dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, mainly involves c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in the isolated endothelium-denuded aorta. We carried out an in vitro study to determine the main arachidonic acid metabolic pathway that is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced JNK activation. Cumulative dexmedetomidine concentration-contractile response curves were generated in the endothelium-denuded rat aorta in the presence or absence of the following inhibitors: the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the phospholipase A2 inhibitor quinacrine dihydrochloride, the non-specific lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid, the 5-LOX inhibitor AA-861, the dual 5-LOX and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor phenidone, the non-specific COX inhibitor indomethacin, the cytochrome p450 epoxygenase inhibitor fluconazole, the COX-1 inhibitor SC-560, and the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. The effect of the alpha-2 adrenoceptor inhibitor rauwolscine and other inhibitors, such as quinacrine dihydrochloride, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, AA-861, phenidone, indomethacin and the protein kinase C inhibitor GF 109203X, on dexmedetomidine-induced JNK phosphorylation was investigated in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells with western blotting. The effect of dexmedetomidine on 5-LOX and COX-2 expression was investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells. SP600125, quinacrine dihydrochloride, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, AA-861, phenidone, rauwolscine and chelerythrine attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Indomethacin slightly attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Fluconazole and SC-560 had no effect on dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, whereas NS-398 attenuated contraction. SP600125, rauwolscine, quinacrine dihydrochloride, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, AA-861, phenidone and GF 109203X attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced JNK phosphorylation. 5-LOX and COX-2 were upregulated by dexmedetomidine. Thus, dexmedetomidine-induced alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated contraction is mediated mainly by 5-LOX and partially by COX-2, which leads to JNK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Yu J, Ok SH, Kim WH, Cho H, Park J, Shin IW, Lee HK, Chung YK, Choi MJ, Kwon SC, Sohn JT. Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contraction in the Isolated Endothelium-Denuded Rat Aorta Involves PKC-δ-mediated JNK Phosphorylation. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:727-36. [PMID: 26392810 PMCID: PMC4571550 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoconstriction mediated by the highly selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine leads to transiently increased blood pressure and severe hypertension. The dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves the protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated pathway. However, the main PKC isoform involved in the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction remains unknown. The goal of this in vitro study was to examine the specific PKC isoform that contributes to the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the isolated rat aorta. The endothelium-denuded rat aorta was suspended for isometric tension recording. Dexmedetomidine dose-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following inhibitors: the pan-PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine; the PKC-α and -β inhibitor, Go6976; the PKC-α inhibitor, safingol; the PKC-β inhibitor, ruboxistaurin; the PKC-δ inhibitor, rottlerin; the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, SP600125; and the myosin light chain kinase inhibitor, ML-7 hydrochloride. Western blot analysis was used to examine the effect of rottlerin on dexmedetomidine-induced PKC-δ expression and JNK phosphorylation in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on PKC-δ expression in VSMCs transfected with PKC-δ small interfering RNA (siRNA) or control siRNA. Chelerythrine as well as SP600125 and ML-7 hydrochloride attenuated the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Go6976, safingol, and ruboxistaurin had no effect on the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, whereas rottlerin inhibited the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Dexmedetomidine induced PKC-δ expression, whereas rottlerin and PKC-δ siRNA transfection inhibited dexmedetomidine-induced PKC-δ expression. Dexmedetomidine also induced JNK phosphorylation, which was inhibited by rottlerin. Taken together, these results suggest that the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves PKC-δ-dependent JNK phosphorylation in the isolated rat aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsun Yu
- 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hyunhoo Cho
- 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungchul Park
- 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Woo Shin
- 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Keun Lee
- 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Chung
- 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Jeoung Choi
- 4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Chun Kwon
- 5. Department of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, 25601, Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju-si, 52727, Republic of Korea ; 6. Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Baik J, Ok SH, Cho H, Yu J, Kim W, Nam IK, Choi MJ, Lee HK, Sohn JT. Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves phosphorylation of caldesmon by JNK in endothelium-denuded rat aortas. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1108-15. [PMID: 25332685 PMCID: PMC4202027 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.9797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Caldesmon, an inhibitory actin binding protein, binds to actin and inhibits actin-myosin interactions, whereas caldesmon phosphorylation reverses the inhibitory effect of caldesmon on actin-myosin interactions, potentially leading to enhanced contraction. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular signaling pathway responsible for caldesmon phosphorylation, which is involved in the regulation of the contraction induced by dexmedetomidine (DMT), an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, in endothelium-denuded rat aortas. SP600125 (a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [JNK] inhibitor) dose-response curves were generated in aortas that were pre-contracted with DMT or phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. Dose-response curves to the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine were generated in rat aortas pre-contracted with DMT. The effects of SP600125 and rauwolscine (an alpha-2 adrenoceptor inhibitor) on DMT-induced caldesmon phosphorylation in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were investigated by western blot analysis. PDBu-induced caldesmon and DMT-induced PKC phosphorylation in rat aortic VSMCs was investigated by western blot analysis. The effects of GF109203X (a PKC inhibitor) on DMT- or PDBu-induced JNK phosphorylation in VSMCs were assessed. SP600125 resulted in the relaxation of aortas that were pre-contracted with DMT or PDBu, whereas rauwolscine attenuated DMT-induced contraction. Chelerythrine resulted in the vasodilation of aortas pre-contracted with DMT. SP600125 and rauwolscine inhibited DMT-induced caldesmon phosphorylation. Additionally, PDBu induced caldesmon phosphorylation, and GF109203X attenuated the JNK phosphorylation induced by DMT or PDBu. DMT induced PKC phosphorylation in rat aortic VSMCs. These results suggest that alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated, DMT-induced contraction involves caldesmon phosphorylation that is mediated by JNK phosphorylation by PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseok Baik
- 1. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Biomed Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ok
- 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhoo Cho
- 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsun Yu
- 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woochan Kim
- 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Koo Nam
- 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Jeoung Choi
- 4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon-Keun Lee
- 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- 2. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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A polymorphism in the protein kinase C gene PRKCB is associated with α2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 23:127-134. [PMID: 23337848 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e32835d247f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES α2-Adrenoceptors (α2-AR) mediate both constriction and dilatation of blood vessels. There is considerable interindividual variability in dorsal hand vein (DHV) constriction responses to α2-AR agonist activation. Genetic factors appear to contribute significantly to this variation. The present study was designed to identify the genetic factors contributing toward the interindividual variability in α2-AR-mediated vascular constriction induced by the selective α2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine. METHODS DHV constriction responses to a local infusion of dexmedetomidine were assessed by measuring changes in vein diameter with a linear variable differential transformer. The outcome variable for constriction was log-transformed dexmedetomidine ED50. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 433 378 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was carried out for determining the sensitivity of DHV responses in 64 healthy Finnish individuals. Twenty SNPs were selected on the basis of the GWAS results and their associations with the ED50 of dexmedetomidine were tested in an independent North American study population of 68 healthy individuals. RESULTS In both study populations (GWAS and replication samples), the SNP rs9922316 in the gene for protein kinase C type β was consistently associated with dexmedetomidine ED50 for DHV constriction (unadjusted P=0.00016 for the combined population). CONCLUSION Genetic variation in protein kinase C type β may contribute toward the interindividual variation in DHV constriction responses to α2-AR activation by the agonist dexmedetomidine.
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Ok SH, Bae SI, Shim HS, Sohn JT. Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta is dependent on extracellular calcium concentration. Korean J Anesthesiol 2012; 63:253-9. [PMID: 23060983 PMCID: PMC3460155 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2012.63.3.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that is widely used for sedation and analgesia during the perioperative period. Intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine induces transient hypertension due to vasoconstriction via the activation of the α2-adrenoceptor on vascular smooth muscle. The goal of this in vitro study is to investigate the calcium-dependent mechanism underlying dexmedetomidine-induced contraction of isolated endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Methods Isolated endothelium-denuded rat thoracic aortic rings were suspended for isometric tension recording. Cumulative dexmedetomidine concentration-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following inhibitors: α2-adrenoceptor inhibitor rauwolscine; voltage-operated calcium channel blocker verapamil (5 × 10-7, 10-6 and 5 × 10-5 M); purported inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate (5 × 10-6, 10-5 and 5 × 10-5 M); phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122 (10-6 and 3 × 10-6 M); and store-operated calcium channel inhibitor gadolinium chloride hexahydrate (Gd3+; 5 × 10-6 M). Dexmedetomidine concentration-response curves were also generated in low calcium concentrations (1 mM) and calcium-free Krebs solution. Results Rauwolscine, verapamil, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Low calcium concentrations attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, and calcium-free Krebs solution nearly abolished dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. However, U-73122 and Gd3+ had no effect on dexmedetomidine-induced contraction. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggest that dexmedetomidine-induced contraction is primarily dependent on extracellular calcium concentrations that contribute to calcium influx via voltage-operated calcium channels of isolated rat aortic smooth muscle. Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction is mediated by α2-adrenoceptor stimulation. Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction appears to be partially mediated by calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Ok
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Sung HJ, Choi MJ, Ok SH, Lee SH, Hwang IJ, Kim HS, Chang KC, Shin IW, Lee HK, Park KE, Chung YK, Sohn JT. Mepivacaine-induced contraction is attenuated by endothelial nitric oxide release in isolated rat aorta. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:863-72. [PMID: 22702717 DOI: 10.1139/y2012-067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mepivacaine is an aminoamide-linked local anesthetic with an intermediate duration that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro. The aims of this in-vitro study were to examine the direct effect of mepivacaine in isolated rat aortic rings and to determine the associated cellular mechanism with a particular focus on endothelium-derived vasodilators, which modulate vascular tone. In the aortic rings with or without endothelium, cumulative mepivacaine concentration-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following antagonists: N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME], indomethacin, fluconazole, methylene blue, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one [ODQ], verapamil, and calcium-free Krebs solution. Mepivacaine produced vasoconstriction at low concentrations (1 × 10(-3) and 3 × 10(-3) mol/L) followed by vasodilation at a high concentration (1 × 10(-2) mol/L). The mepivacaine-induced contraction was higher in endothelium-denuded aortae than in endothelium-intact aortae. Pretreatment with L-NAME, ODQ, and methylene blue enhanced mepivacaine-induced contraction in the endothelium-intact rings, whereas fluconazole had no effect. Indomethacin slightly attenuated mepivacaine-induced contraction, whereas verapamil and calcium-free Krebs solution more strongly attenuated this contraction. The vasoconstriction induced by mepivacaine is attenuated mainly by the endothelial nitric oxide - cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. In addition, mepivacaine-induced contraction involves cyclooxygenase pathway activation and extracellular calcium influx via voltage-operated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jin Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Charmjoeun Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Jinju, Korea
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Shim HS, Ok SH, Lee SH, Kwon SC, Sohn JT. Protein kinases participate in the contraction in response to levobupivacaine in the rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 677:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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