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Cardioprotective Peptides from Milk Processing and Dairy Products: From Bioactivity to Final Products including Commercialization and Legislation. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091270. [PMID: 35563993 PMCID: PMC9101964 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has revealed the potential of peptides derived from dairy products preventing cardiovascular disorders, one of the main causes of death worldwide. This review provides an overview of the main cardioprotective effects (assayed in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo) of bioactive peptides derived from different dairy processing methods (fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis) and dairy products (yogurt, cheese, and kefir), as well as the beneficial or detrimental effects of the process of gastrointestinal digestion following oral consumption on the biological activities of dairy-derived peptides. The main literature available on the structure–function relationship of dairy bioactive peptides, such as molecular docking and quantitative structure–activity relationships, and their allergenicity and toxicity will also be covered together with the main legislative frameworks governing the commercialization of these compounds. The current products and companies currently commercializing their products as a source of bioactive peptides will also be summarized, emphasizing the main challenges and opportunities for the industrial exploitation of dairy bioactive peptides in the market of functional food and nutraceuticals.
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Gouda AS, Adbelruhman FG, Sabbah Alenezi H, Mégarbane B. Theoretical benefits of yogurt-derived bioactive peptides and probiotics in COVID-19 patients - A narrative review and hypotheses. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5897-5905. [PMID: 34177317 PMCID: PMC8213517 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is currently facing a frightening coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Severity of COVID-19 presentation is highly variable among infected individuals with increasingly recognized risk factors. Although observational studies suggested lower COVID-19 severity in populations consuming fermented foods, no controlled study investigated the role of diet. Yogurt, a fermented dairy product, exhibits interesting properties related to the presence of bioactive peptides and probiotics that may play a beneficial role in COVID-19 presentation and outcome. Peptides contained in yogurt are responsible for angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory, bradykinin potentiating, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antioxidant effects. The types and activity of these peptides vary widely depending on their amino acid sequence, on the probiotics used in yogurt production and on intestinal digestion. Additionally, probiotics used in yogurt exhibit direct angiotensin-converting enzyme-inhibitory, antiviral and immune boosting activities. Since COVID-19 pathogenesis involves angiotensin II accumulation and bradykinin deficiency, yogurt bioactive peptides appear as potentially beneficial. Therefore, epidemiological investigations and randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate the exact role of yogurt consumption on COVID-19 manifestations and outcome should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Gouda
- National Egyptian Center for Toxicological Researches, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt,Poison Control and Forensic Chemistry Center, Northern Borders, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima G. Adbelruhman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamedah Sabbah Alenezi
- Poison Control and Forensic Chemistry Center, Northern Borders, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, University of Paris, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris, France,Corresponding author at: Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris University, Paris, France.
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Chessa S, Bulgari O, Caroli AM. Letter to the Editor: About bovine β-casofensin genetic variants—A comment on. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4705. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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El Hatmi H, Jrad Z, Khorchani T, Jardin J, Poirson C, Perrin C, Cakir-Kiefer C, Girardet JM. Identification of bioactive peptides derived from caseins, glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule-1 (GlyCAM-1), and peptidoglycan recognition protein-1 (PGRP-1) in fermented camel milk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barreto SA, Chaguri LCAG, Prezoto BC, Lebrun I. Effects of three vasoactive peptides isolated from the plasma of the snake Bothrops jararaca. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2009; 149:552-8. [PMID: 19358335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2008.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of plasma from the snake Bothrops jararaca (BJP) with trypsin generated two hypotensive peptides. The primary structure of the peptides was established for three sequences as: Asn-Pro-Phe-Val-Asp-Ala (fraction 13), Ser-Lys-Pro-Asn-Met-Ser-Asp-Glu-Ser-Leu-Ala-Val-Ala-Ile (fraction 14), Asn-Pro-Phe- Val-Asp-Ala (fraction 15). These peptides display homology with fragments of albumin from Trimeresurus flavoviridis. A bolus intra-arterial injection of the purified or the synthetic peptide produced a strong and sustained vasopressor response in the anaesthetized snake B. jararaca and Wistar rats; this hypotensive effect was also potentiated by captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (0.1 mg/kg). The natural concentrations of these peptides in plasma need to be determined and could play a physiological role in snake blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Barreto
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rioli V, Prezoto BC, Konno K, Melo RL, Klitzke CF, Ferro ES, Ferreira-Lopes M, Camargo ACM, Portaro FCV. A novel bradykinin potentiating peptide isolated from Bothrops jararacussu venom using catallytically inactive oligopeptidase EP24.15. FEBS J 2008; 275:2442-54. [PMID: 18400032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the peptide content of venoms has a number of potential benefits for basic research, clinical diagnosis, development of new therapeutic agents, and production of antiserum. Here, we use a substrate-capture assay that employs a catalytically inactive mutant of thimet oligopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15; EP24.15) to identify novel bioactive peptides in Bothrops jararacussu venom. Of the peptides captured with inactive EP24.15 and identified by mass spectrometry, three were previously identified bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPP), <ENWPHPQIPP (Xc), <EGGWPRPGPEIPP (XIIIa) and <EARPPHPPIPP (XIe) (where <E is a pyroglutamyl residue). In addition, we identified a novel BPP peptide containing additional AP amino acids in the C-terminus (<EARPPHPPIPPAP); this novel peptide was named BPP-AP. Next, dermal and muscle microcirculations were visualized using intravital microscopy to establish the roles of peptides BPP-XIe and BPP-AP in this process. After local administration of peptide BPP-XIe (0.5 microg.microL(-1)), leukocyte rolling flux and adhesion were increased by fivefold in post-capillary venules, without any increments in vasodilatation of arterioles compared to control experiments. In contrast, local administration of BPP-AP (0.5 microg.microL(-1)) potently induced vasodilatation of arterioles (nearly 100% increase compared with the vehicle saline control), with only a small increase in leukocyte rolling flux. Therefore, the novel BPP-AP described herein has pharmacological advantages compared to the BPP-XIe. The present study further suggests that inactive oligopeptidase EP24.15 is a useful tool for the isolation of bioactive peptides from crude biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Rioli
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada-CAT/CEPID, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Miguel M, Manso M, Aleixandre A, Alonso MJ, Salaices M, López-Fandiño R. Vascular effects, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity, and antihypertensive properties of peptides derived from egg white. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:10615-10621. [PMID: 18047278 DOI: 10.1021/jf072307o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have identified novel antihypertensive peptides derived from egg-white proteins. The sequences YRGGLEPINF and ESIINF produced an acute blood-pressure-lowering effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats upon a single oral administration. Our results suggest that the antihypertensive action could be attributed to a vascular-relaxing mechanism that would occur in vivo independently of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, because neither these peptides nor their main digestion fragments, except for the dipeptide YR, acted as ACE inhibitors in vitro. The vasodilator and antihypertensive activity of the sequences ESI and NF would explain the blood-pressure-lowering effect of ESIINF. With regard to YRGGLEPINF, in addition to NF, YR appeared as the main fragment responsible for its activity. The dipeptide YR, named kyotorphin and previously identified as an endogenous analgesic neuropeptide in the central nervous system, showed strong vasodilator and antihypertensive properties. The structure-activity features of the vasodilator peptides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Madrid, Spain
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Miguel M, Alvarez Y, López-Fandiño R, Alonso MJ, Salaices M. Vasodilator effects of peptides derived from egg white proteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 140:131-5. [PMID: 17222924 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2006.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of several peptides, identified before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion of an egg white hydrolysate, on the vascular function, in rat aorta. The sequences IVF, RADHPFL and YAEERYPIL (0.1 mM) induced vasodilatation in intact aortic rings, with the maximum percentage of dilation corresponding to RADHPFL (40.5+/-7.0%). Two of the end products of the gastrointestinal digestion, RADHP and YPI, also showed vasodilator activity with degrees of relaxation higher than 50%. However, all these peptides failed to induce relaxation in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. The relaxation induced by RADHP was concentration-dependent and it was partially blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME (100 microM) and by the B(1) bradykinin receptor antagonist Des-HOE 140 (30 nM), thus showing that it was mediated by NO production through the activation of B(1) bradykinin receptors. These findings suggest that these peptides could reduce the vascular resistance and could be used as functional food ingredients in the prevention and treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Miguel
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Conceição K, Konno K, de Melo RL, Antoniazzi MM, Jared C, Sciani JM, Conceição IM, Prezoto BC, de Camargo ACM, Pimenta DC. Isolation and characterization of a novel bradykinin potentiating peptide (BPP) from the skin secretion of Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis. Peptides 2007; 28:515-23. [PMID: 17098329 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 10/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin potentiating peptides (BPPs) from Bothrops jararaca venom were first described in the middle of 1960s and were the first natural inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). BPPs present a classical motif and can be recognized by their typical pyroglutamyl (Pyr)/proline rich sequences presenting, invariably, a proline residue at the C-terminus. In the present study, we describe the isolation and biological characterization of a novel BPP isolated from the skin secretion of the Brazilian tree-frog Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis. This new BPP, named Phypo Xa presents the sequence Pyr-Phe-Arg-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro and is able to potentiate bradykinin activities in vivo and in vitro, as well as efficiently and competitively inhibit ACE. This is the first canonical BPP (i.e. Pyr-Aaa(n)-Gln-Ile-Pro-Pro) to be found not only in the frog skin but also in any other natural source other than the snake venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Conceição
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center for Applied Toxinology (CAT/CEPID), Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, São Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil
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Farias SL, Sabatini RA, Sampaio TC, Hirata IY, Cezari MHS, Juliano MA, Sturrock ED, Carmona AK, Juliano L. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor peptides derived from the endostatin-containing NC1 fragment of human collagen XVIII. Biol Chem 2006; 387:611-6. [PMID: 16740133 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix and soluble plasma proteins generate peptides that regulate biological activities such as cell growth, differentiation and migration. Bradykinin, a peptide released from kininogen by kallikreins, stimulates vasodilatation and endothelial cell proliferation. Various classes of substances can potentiate these biological actions of bradykinin. Among them, the best studied are bradykinin potentiating peptides (BPPs) derived from snake venom, which can also strongly inhibit angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity. We identified and synthesized sequences resembling BPPs in the vicinity of potential proteolytic cleavage sites in the collagen XVIII molecule, close to endostatin. These peptides were screened as inhibitors of human recombinant wild-type ACE containing two intact functional domains; two full-length ACE mutants containing only a functional C- or N-domain catalytic site; and human testicular ACE, a natural form of the enzyme that only contains the C-domain. The BPP-like peptides inhibited ACE in the micromolar range and interacted preferentially with the C-domain. The proteolytic activity involved in the release of BPP-like peptides was studied in human serum and human umbilical-vein endothelial cells. The presence of enzymes able to release these peptides in blood led us to speculate on a physiological mechanism for the control of ACE activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley L Farias
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-020 São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Mueller S, Paegelow I, Reissmann S. Hypothesized and found mechanisms for potentiation of bradykinin actions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 6:5-18. [PMID: 32327962 PMCID: PMC7169587 DOI: 10.1002/sita.200500061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Potentiation of hormone actions can occur by different mechanisms, including inhibition of degrading enzymes, interaction with the hormone receptor leading to stabilization of bioactive conformation or leading to receptor homo- and hetero-oligomerization, receptor phosphorylation and dephosphorylation or can occur by directly influencing the signal transduction and ion channels. In this review the potentiation of bradykinin actions in different systems by certain compounds will be reviewed. Despite many long years of experimental research and investigation the mechanisms of potentiating action remain not fully understood. One of the most contradictory findings are the distinct differences between the inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme and the potentiation of the bradykinin induced smooth muscle reaction. Contradictory findings and hypothesized mechanisms in the literature are discussed in this review and in some cases compared to own results. Investigation of potentiating actions was extended from hypotension, smooth muscle reaction and cellular actions to activation of immunocompetent cells. In our opinion the potentiation of bradykinin action can occur by different mechanisms, depending on the system and the applied potentiating factor used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mueller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Inge Paegelow
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Siegmund Reissmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Mueller S, Gothe R, Siems WD, Vietinghoff G, Paegelow I, Reissmann S. Potentiation of bradykinin actions by analogues of the bradykinin potentiating nonapeptide BPP9alpha. Peptides 2005; 26:1235-47. [PMID: 15949642 PMCID: PMC7115577 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2004] [Revised: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic analogues of the bradykinin potentiating nonapeptide BPP9alpha indicate significantly different structural requirements for potentiation of the bradykinin (BK)-induced smooth muscle contraction (GPI) and the inhibition of isolated somatic angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The results disprove the ACE inhibition as the only single mechanism and also the direct interaction of potentiating peptides with the bradykinin receptors in transfected COS-7 cells as molecular mechanism of potentiation. Our results indicate a stimulation of inositol phosphates (IPn) formation independently from the B2 receptor. Furthermore, the results with La3+ support the role of extracellular Ca2+ and its influx through corresponding channels. The missing effect of calyculin on the GPI disproves the role of phosphatases in the potentiating action. These experimental studies should not only contribute to a better understanding of the potentiating mechanisms but also incorporate a shift in the research towards the immune system, in particular towards the immunocompetent polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The chemotaxis of these cells can be potentiated most likely by exclusive inhibition of the enzymatic degradation of bradykinin. Thus the obtained results give evidence that the potentiation of the bradykinin action can occur by different mechanisms, depending on the system and on the applied potentiating factor.
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Key Words
- aa, arachidonic acid
- aba, 4-azidobenzoic acid
- ace, angiotensin i-converting enzyme
- aloc, allyl oxycarbonyl
- asa, 4-azidosalicylic acid
- bk, bradykinin
- bkr, bradykinin receptor
- bkr-b1, bradykinin b1 receptor
- bkr-b2, bradykinin b2 receptor
- boc, tert-butyloxycarbonyl
- bpa, p-benzoylphenylalanine
- bpp, bradykinin potentiating peptide
- bpp9α, bradykinin potentiating peptide 9α (pyr-trp-pro-arg-pro-gln-ile-pro-pro)
- bop, benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris (dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
- dcm, dichloromethane
- dde, n-(1-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl
- ddz, α,α-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxy-benzyloxycarbonyl
- deae, diethylaminoethyl
- diea, diisopropylethylamine
- dic, diisopropylcarbodiimide
- dmem, dulbecco's modified eagle's medium
- dmf, n,n-dimethylformamide
- dmso, dimethylsulfoxide
- dte, dithioerithritol
- ed, effective dose
- fmoc, 9-fluorenylmethyl oxycarbonyl
- ɛabu(ßphe), erythro-α-amino-ß-phenyl-butyric acid
- fr190997, 8-[2,6-dichloro-3-[n-(e)-4-(n-methylcarbamoyl)cinnamidoacetyl]-n-methylamino]benzyloxy]-2-methyl-4-(2-pyridyl-methoxy)quinoline
- gpi, guinea pig ileum
- hoat, 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole
- hbtu, 2-(1h-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium hexafluorophosphate
- hobt, 1-hydroxybenzotriazole
- hocr, hydroxycrotonic acid
- hycram, hydroxycrotonyl amidomethyl linker
- ip3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- ipn, inositol phosphates
- j526, pyr-trp-pro-lys(asa)-pro-gln-ile-pro-pro
- j527, pro-trp-pro-lys-pro-gln-ile-pro-pro
- j725, darg-arg-pro-hyp-gly-thi-ser-pro-ɛabu(ßph)-arg
- mem, eagle's minimal essential medium
- mtr, methoxytrimethylbenzene sulphonyl
- pd0, palladium tetrakis triphenylphosphine
- pmn, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils)
- ram, ramiprilat
- tbtu, 2-(1h-benzotriazol-1-yl)1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium tetrafluoroborate
- tfa, trifluoroacetic acid
- trt, triphenylmethyl
- potentiation
- bradykinin
- bradykinin potentiating peptide
- angiotensin i-converting enzyme
- inositol phosphate
- arachidonic acid
- ca2+-influx
- protein phosphatases
- polymorphonuclear leukocytes
- chemotaxis
- smooth muscle contraction
- radioligand binding
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mueller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rita Gothe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolf-Dieter Siems
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriele Vietinghoff
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Inge Paegelow
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Siegmund Reissmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Biological and Pharmaceutical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 3641 350; fax: +49 3641 352.
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Lebrun I, Cavallaro V, Juliano L, Juliano MA, de Sousa e Silva MCC. Effects of 'casoparan', a peptide isolated from casein hydrolysates with mastoparan-like properties. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 13:263-8. [PMID: 15545057 PMCID: PMC1781564 DOI: 10.1080/09629350400003068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein, a protein found in milk of several species, is divided into different chains from 19 to 25 kDa. Casein is also considered as a source of amino acids and generating peptides with biological activities such as opiate, immunostimulating, antibacterial, peptidase inhibitors, among others. In this work, Sephadex G-10 chromatography followed by high-performance liquid chromatography isolation purified NZCase TT, an industrial culture media for tetanus toxin production. In the first step, four pools were isolated and tested in different assays: isolated smooth muscle assay (guinea pig ileum, rat uterus), phagocytosis in vitro of opsonized sheep red blood cells, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Pool III was the main active pool being able to potentiate bradykinin action in guinea pig ileum, stimulating phagocitic activity by resident macrophages and increasing H2O2 release from macrophages previously activated with bacille Calmette Guérin. Using mass spectra the primary structure of the main peptide from pool III was obtained--INKKI, which corresponds to beta-casein fragment 26-30. The immunostimulating action is probably related to a direct action in macrophage cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Lebrun
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Perpetuo EA, Juliano L, Lebrun I. Biochemical and pharmacological aspects of two bradykinin-potentiating peptides obtained from tryptic hydrolysis of casein. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:601-6. [PMID: 14714726 DOI: 10.1023/b:jopc.0000008724.98339.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides that display bradykinin-potentiating activity have been obtained from a number of distinct sources, such as snake venoms, fibrinogen, and casein. This paper describes the characterization of two new peptides generated by tryptic hydrolysis of casein. No homology was found with other known vasoactive or vasopotentiating peptides, especially by the lack of Ile-Pro-Pro motif. The peptides EMPFPK and YPVEPFTE, corresponding to the gamma casein sequence (108-113 and 114-121, respectively), displayed a selective potentiating activity on isolated guinea pig ileum for bradykinin. Besides, the octapeptide YPVEPFTE showed an in vitro competitive inhibitor effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme and thimet oligopeptidase and presented an opiate-like activity, increasing two times the latence time in the hot-plate assay. The results suggest that the isolated bioactive peptides act on conversion and/or inactivation of endogenous peptides by enzymes such as angiotensin-converting enzyme and thimet oligopeptidase by modifying several systemic responses such as blood-pressure regulation and in pain response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elen A Perpetuo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Av Vital Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
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15
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Groziak SM, Miller GD. Natural bioactive substances in milk and colostrum: effects on the arterial blood pressure system. Br J Nutr 2000; 84 Suppl 1:S119-25. [PMID: 11242456 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500002348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure is a significant public health problem worldwide which is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and renal disease. The development of this disease is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The results of many studies have linked increased consumption of milk and milk products with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of hypertension. The intake of several minerals found in milk has been demonstrated to have an inverse relationship with blood pressure. Peptides formed during the digestion of milk proteins have also been demonstrated to have a blood pressure lowering effect. Other components in milk that have been examined for their effects on blood pressure have been less promising. More recent data indicate that a dietary pattern that is low in fat, with fruits, vegetables, and low fat dairy products can significantly reduce blood pressure and lower risk of developing high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Groziak
- National Dairy Council, Dairy Management Inc. 10255 W. Higgins, Suite 900, Rosemont, IL 60018, USA
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