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Sharma J, Bhargava P, Mishra P, Bhatia J, Arya DS. Molecular mechanisms of flavonoids in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury: Evidence from in-vitro and in-vivo studies. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 155:107378. [PMID: 38729253 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in a wide range of foods, including fruits, vegetables, tea plants, and other natural products. They have been mainly classified as flavanols, flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, and flavanonols. In this comprehensive review, we will discuss preclinical pieces of evidence on the potential of flavonoids for the prevention/treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. KEY FINDINGS In-vitro and in-vivo studies have shown that flavonoids play an important role in preventing ischemic heart disease (IHD). They possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-thrombotic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-carcinogenic activities. In addition, at a molecular level, flavonoids also modulate various pathways like MAPK, NFκB etc. to confer beneficial effects. SUMMARY The current review of flavonoids in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury furnishes updated information that could drive future research. The in-vitro and in-vivo experiments have demonstrated various favourable pharmacological properties of flavonoids. This review provides valuable information to conduct clinical studies, validating the safety aspects of flavonoids in the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Poorva Bhargava
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra 411040, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
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2
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Rufino AT, Freitas M, Proença C, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Fernandes E, Ribeiro D. Rheumatoid arthritis molecular targets and their importance to flavonoid-based therapy. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:497-538. [PMID: 37602483 DOI: 10.1002/med.21990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory, and systemic condition that primarily affects the synovial joints and adjacent tissues, including bone, muscle, and tendons. The World Health Organization recognizes RA as one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. In the last decade, there was an expansion on the available RA therapeutic options which aimed to improve patient's quality of life. Despite the extensive research and the emergence of new therapeutic approaches and drugs, there are still significant unwanted side effects associated to these drugs and still a vast number of patients that do not respond positively to the existing therapeutic strategies. Over the years, several references to the use of flavonoids in the quest for new treatments for RA have emerged. This review aimed to summarize the existing literature about the flavonoids' effects on the major pathogenic/molecular targets of RA and their potential use as lead compounds for the development of new effective molecules for RA treatment. It is demonstrated that flavonoids can modulate various players in synovial inflammation, regulate immune cell function, decrease synoviocytes proliferation and balance the apoptotic process, decrease angiogenesis, and stop/prevent bone and cartilage degradation, which are all dominant features of RA. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the effectiveness of flavonoids in humans, the available data from in vitro and in vivo models suggest their potential as new disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. This review highlights the use of flavonoids as a promising avenue for future research in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José M P Ferreira de Oliveira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Açores, Portugal
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Mechanism Repositioning Based on Integrative Pharmacology: Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Safflower in Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065313. [PMID: 36982389 PMCID: PMC10048972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius. L) possesses anti-tumor, anti-thrombotic, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, and cardio-cerebral protective effects. It is used clinically for the treatment of cardio-cerebrovascular disease in China. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of action of safflower extract on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (MIR) injury in a left anterior descending (LAD)-ligated model based on integrative pharmacology study and ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). Safflower (62.5, 125, 250 mg/kg) was administered immediately before reperfusion. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC)/Evans blue, echocardiography, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ability, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined after 24 h of reperfusion. Chemical components were obtained using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to analyze mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Safflower dose-dependently reduced myocardial infarct size, improved cardiac function, decreased LDH levels, and increased SOD levels in C57/BL6 mice. A total of 11 key components and 31 hub targets were filtered based on the network analysis. Comprehensive analysis indicated that safflower alleviated inflammatory effects by downregulating the expression of NFκB1, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, TNFα, and MCP-1 and upregulating NFκBia, and markedly increased the expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, PKC, and ERK/2, HIF1α, VEGFA, and BCL2, and decreased the level of BAX and phosphorylated p65. Safflower shows a significant cardioprotective effect by activating multiple inflammation-related signaling pathways, including the NFκB, HIF-1α, MAPK, TNF, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the clinical applications of safflower.
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Tsiailanis AD, Tellis CC, Papakyriakopoulou P, Kostagianni AD, Gkalpinos V, Chatzigiannis CM, Kostomitsopoulos N, Valsami G, Tselepis AD, Tzakos AG. Development of a Novel Apigenin Dosage form as a Substitute for the Modern Triple Antithrombotic Regimen. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052311. [PMID: 36903557 PMCID: PMC10005222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous administration of three antiplatelet agents has been proposed as an efficient strategy for the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events and is included in the European guidelines. However, this strategy presented an increased risk of bleeding; therefore, the identification of new antiplatelet agents, with improved efficacy and diminished side effects, is of great importance. In silico studies, UPLC/MS Q-TOF plasma stability, in vitro platelet aggregation experiments, and pharmacokinetic studies were exploited. In the present study, it has been predicted that the flavonoid apigenin could target different platelet activation pathways, including P2Y12, protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1), and cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1). To enhance apigenin's potency, hybridization with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was performed, as fatty acids have illustrated potent efficacy against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The new molecular hybrid, termed 4'-DHA-apigenin, demonstrated enhanced inhibitory activity against platelet aggregation induced by thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 (TRAP-6), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and arachidonic acid (AA), with respect to the parent apigenin. The 4'-DHA-apigenin hybrid illustrated an almost 2-fold enhanced inhibitory activity, with respect to apigenin, and an almost 3-fold enhanced inhibitory activity, with respect to DHA, for the ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Additionally, the hybrid presented a more than 12-fold enhanced inhibitory activity with respect to DHA for the TRAP-6 induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, a 2-fold enhanced inhibitory activity was recorded for the 4'-DHA-apigenin hybrid for the AA-induced platelet aggregation with respect to apigenin. To surmount the reduced LC-MS based plasma stability, a novel dosage form in olive oil has been developed. The 4'-DHA-apigenin olive oil-based formulation presented an enhanced antiplatelet inhibitory effect in three activation pathways. To further explore the pharmacokinetic profile of 4'-DHA-apigenin in olive oil formulations, a UPLC/MS Q-TOF protocol has been established to quantify the serum levels of apigenin after oral administration to C57BL/6J wild type mice. The olive oil-based formulation of 4'-DHA-apigenin demonstrated an increase in apigenin bioavailability of 262 %. This study may offer a new therapeutic strategy tailored to improve the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios D. Tsiailanis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Constantinos C. Tellis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Papakyriakopoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Androniki D. Kostagianni
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Vasileios Gkalpinos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christos M. Chatzigiannis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Valsami
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros D. Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas G. Tzakos
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Correspondence:
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Zhang B, Xu D. Wogonoside preserves against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury by suppression of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis via modulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:877-885. [PMID: 35708282 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2090955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury occurs after restoring blood supply, which brings about extra damage to heart tissue. Thus, exploring protection measures and underlying mechanisms appear to be particularly important. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotection of wogonoside against I/R injury in mice and further uncovered its mechanism. METHODS Mice model of myocardial I/R injury was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Before modeling, mice were administered the wogonoside (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) for 7 d. To evaluate the effect of wogonoside through nuclear factor E2-associated factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway, sh-Nrf2 was transfected into wogonoside-treated I/R mice. Subsequently, echocardiography detection, HE staining, western blotting, ELISA, TUNEL assay, and MASSON assay were utilized to evaluate the degree of myocardial injury. RESULTS In I/R group, mice had severe myocardial injury, however, pretreatment of wogonoside at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg ameliorated the cardiac function, as evidenced by improving hemodynamic parameters. Besides, wogonoside could relieved the abnormality of cardiomyocytes structure, inflammatory reaction, apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis. Importantly, wogonoside activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, as demonstrated by increasing Nrf2 expression in nucleus and its downstream genes including HO-1 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1). However, effects of wogonoside on cardioprotection were abolished by sh-Nrf2. CONCLUSIONS Wogonoside exerted the protective role against I/R-induced myocardial injury by suppression of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingshan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Di Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Liang Z, He Y, Hu X. Cardio-Oncology: Mechanisms, Drug Combinations, and Reverse Cardio-Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810617. [PMID: 36142538 PMCID: PMC9501315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy have brought hope to cancer patients. With the prolongation of survival of cancer patients and increased clinical experience, cancer-therapy-induced cardiovascular toxicity has attracted attention. The adverse effects of cancer therapy that can lead to life-threatening or induce long-term morbidity require rational approaches to prevention and treatment, which requires deeper understanding of the molecular biology underpinning the disease. In addition to the drugs used widely for cardio-protection, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulations are also efficacious and can be expected to achieve “personalized treatment” from multiple perspectives. Moreover, the increased prevalence of cancer in patients with cardiovascular disease has spurred the development of “reverse cardio-oncology”, which underscores the urgency of collaboration between cardiologists and oncologists. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which cancer therapy induces cardiovascular toxicity, the combination of antineoplastic and cardioprotective drugs, and recent advances in reverse cardio-oncology.
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Chakrabartty I, Mohanta YK, Nongbet A, Mohanta TK, Mahanta S, Das N, Saravanan M, Sharma N. Exploration of Lamiaceae in Cardio Vascular Diseases and Functional Foods: Medicine as Food and Food as Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:894814. [PMID: 35774598 PMCID: PMC9237463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.894814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most life-threatening diseases that has caused high mortality worldwide. Several scientists, researchers, and doctors are now resorting to medicinal plants and their metabolites for the treatment of different diseases, including CVD. The present review focuses on one such family of medicinal plants, called Lamiaceae, which has relieving and preventive action on CVD. Lamiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution and has great importance in the traditional system of medicine. Lamiaceae members exhibit a wide range of activities like antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, vasorelaxant, and thrombolytic effect, both in vitro and in vivo–these are mechanisms that contribute to different aspects of CVD including stroke, heart attack, and others. These plants harbour an array of bioactive compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals responsible for these actions. The review also highlights that these plants are a rich source of essential nutrients and minerals like omega-3 and hence, can serve as essential sources of functional foods—this can have an additional role in the prevention of CVDs. However, limitations still exist, and extensive research needs to be conducted on the Lamiaceae family in the quest to develop new and effective plant-based drugs and functional foods that can be used to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Chakrabartty
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta, ; Tapan Kumar Mohanta, ; Nanaocha Sharma,
| | - Amilia Nongbet
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta, ; Tapan Kumar Mohanta, ; Nanaocha Sharma,
| | - Saurov Mahanta
- National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), Guwahati Centre, Guwahati, India
| | - Nibedita Das
- Department of Botany, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- AMR and Nanotherapeutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Nanaocha Sharma
- Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Imphal, India
- *Correspondence: Yugal Kishore Mohanta, ; Tapan Kumar Mohanta, ; Nanaocha Sharma,
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Thangavelu L, Geetha RV, Devaraj E, Dua K, Chellappan DK, Balusamy SR. Acacia catechu seed extract provokes cytotoxicity via apoptosis by intrinsic pathway in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:446-456. [PMID: 34800081 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acacia catechu Willd (Fabaceae) is a thorny tree widely distributed in India and commonly used as traditional Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments. The current study evaluates the cytotoxic potentials of A. catechu ethanolic seed extract (ACSE) in HepG2 cells, a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. The HepG2 cells were treated with 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 and 1000 μg/ml of ACSE and the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays. The IC50 of ACSE was found at 77.04 μg/ml and therefore, further studies were carried out with the concentrations of 35 and 70 μg/ml. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis-related morphological changes were evaluated. Gene expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C (Cyt-c), caspases-9 and 3 were analyzed by qPCR. The ACSE treatments caused LDH leakage was associated with an increased ROS generation. The increased ROS generation was associated with the downregulation of intracellular antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione content. AO/EB and PI staining also confirmed chromatin condensation and apoptosis. The flow cytometric analysis showed an accumulation of HepG2 cells at sub G0/G1 (apoptotic) phase upon ACSE treatments. The ACSE induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were related to increased apoptotic marker gene expressions such as Bax, Cyt-c, caspase-9 and 3, and decreased anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. The current finding suggests that ACSE has apoptosis-inducing potential via the mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Royapuram Veeraragavan Geetha
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ezhilarasan Devaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chandrasekhar G, Srinivasan E, Sekar PC, Venkataramanan S, Rajasekaran R. Molecular simulation probes the potency of resveratrol in regulating the toxic aggregation of mutant V30M TTR fibrils in Transthyretin mediated amyloidosis. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 110:108055. [PMID: 34688163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) mediated amyloidosis is a highly ruinous illness that affects various organs by aggravating the deposition of misfolded or mutated TTR protein aggregates in tissues. Hence, hindering the formation of TTR amyloid aggregates could be a key strategy in finding an effective cure towards the aggravating disorder. In this analysis, we examined the subversive nature of point mutation, V30M, in TTR that promotes amyloidogenicity using discrete molecular dynamics (DMD) simulations. Besides, we probed the association of naturally occurring polyphenols: EGCG (a proven anti TTR aggregation agent as positive control), resveratrol and curcumin in mitigating the pathogenic repercussions of mutant TTR. Results from the computational studies endorsed that the resveratrol constitutes a restorative potential to subjugate TTR mediated amyloidosis, besides EGCG. Hence, this study could be a reminiscent aspect in understanding the inhibitory role of key polyphenols against the mutant TTR aggregates, which could be an aid towards structure-based drug design in the upcoming research era on familial amyloid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chandrasekhar
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Srinivasan
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Chandra Sekar
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkataramanan
- Department of Diagnostic and Allied Health Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - R Rajasekaran
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Cui Z, Liu S, Hou L, Sun Y, Chen H, Mao H, Zhao Y, Qiao L. Effect of Tongfu Xingshen capsule on the endogenous neural stem cells of experimental rats with intracerebral hemorrhage. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:624. [PMID: 34212980 PMCID: PMC8281109 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can stimulate neural regeneration, promoting tissue repair and recovery of nerve function. Tongfu Xingshen capsule (TXC) is a Chinese medicinal formula used to treat ICH and has been shown to protect brain tissue and improve nerve function in clinical studies. However, the effect of TXC on endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) remains elusive. To explore the mechanisms underlying TXC action, a rat model of ICH was established. The effects of TXC on the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were assessed in the subventricular zone (SVZ). TXC significantly improved nerve function defects, decreased brain water content and restored blood‑brain barrier integrity. Additionally, BrdU labeling showed that both high and low doses of TXC significantly increased the proportion of actively cycling NSCs positive for Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, but did not affect the proliferation rates of NeuN‑positive neurons. Finally, TXC also upregulated the mRNA levels of brain‑derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor, TrκB, in affected brain tissues. Taken together, TXC accelerated neural repair and functional recovery after brain injury by potentially enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous NSCs into astroglial cells in the SVZ area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Cui
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lingbo Hou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Haoxuan Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanqi Zhao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Qiao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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de Araújo RSA, da Silva-Junior EF, de Aquino TM, Scotti MT, Ishiki HM, Scotti L, Mendonça-Junior FJB. Computer-Aided Drug Design Applied to Secondary Metabolites as Anticancer Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1677-1703. [PMID: 32515312 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200607191838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD) techniques have garnered a great deal of attention in academia and industry because of their great versatility, low costs, possibilities of cost reduction in in vitro screening and in the development of synthetic steps; these techniques are compared with highthroughput screening, in particular for candidate drugs. The secondary metabolism of plants and other organisms provide substantial amounts of new chemical structures, many of which have numerous biological and pharmacological properties for virtually every existing disease, including cancer. In oncology, compounds such as vimblastine, vincristine, taxol, podophyllotoxin, captothecin and cytarabine are examples of how important natural products enhance the cancer-fighting therapeutic arsenal. In this context, this review presents an update of Ligand-Based Drug Design and Structure-Based Drug Design techniques applied to flavonoids, alkaloids and coumarins in the search of new compounds or fragments that can be used in oncology. A systematical search using various databases was performed. The search was limited to articles published in the last 10 years. The great diversity of chemical structures (coumarin, flavonoids and alkaloids) with cancer properties, associated with infinite synthetic possibilities for obtaining analogous compounds, creates a huge chemical environment with potential to be explored, and creates a major difficulty, for screening studies to select compounds with more promising activity for a selected target. CADD techniques appear to be the least expensive and most efficient alternatives to perform virtual screening studies, aiming to selected compounds with better activity profiles and better "drugability".
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Hamilton M Ishiki
- University of Western Sao Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente- SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa-PB, Brazil
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12
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Cao G, Zeng X, Liu J, Yan F, Xiang Z, Wang Y, Tao F, Yang C. Change of Serum Metabolome and Cecal Microflora in Broiler Chickens Supplemented With Grape Seed Extracts. Front Immunol 2020; 11:610934. [PMID: 33363546 PMCID: PMC7753974 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.610934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seed is rich in vitamin E, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins and has the potential to be used as an antibiotic substitute in broilers. We investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on growth performance, immune responses, cecal microflora, and serum metabolism in early stage broilers. Data indicated that GSPE improved broiler growth performance by strengthening antioxidant capacity, enhancing immune responses, and increasing cecal short chain fatty acids. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that GSPE changed the predominant cecal microflora and induced the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. An UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabolomics analysis identified 23 serum metabolites (mainly related to lipid, amino acid, and alkaloid) were extremely changed by GSPE treatment. The correlations between the changes of cecal microflora and serum metabolites in birds fed with GSPE were analyzed. Hence, GSPE potentially provides active ingredients that may be used as antibiotic substitute and reduces environmental pollution by grape by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinfu Zeng
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Anji, China
| | - Feifei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yongxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Tao
- College of Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, The Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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Bradic J, Jeremic N, Petkovic A, Jeremic J, Zivkovic V, Srejovic I, Sretenovic J, Matic S, Jakovljevic V, Tomovic M. Cardioprotective effects of Galium verum L. extract against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:408-415. [PMID: 30632812 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1551904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to determine a chemical composition of methanol extract of Galium verum as well as to assess its effects on functional recovery and redox status of isolated rat heart after ischemia. Rats were divided into control and G. verum group, which included animals treated with 500 mg/kg of methanol extract of G. verum for 28 days. Parameters of heart function and oxidative stress markers were estimated. Cell morphology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Our results demonstrated for the first time that G. verum extract preserved cardiac contractility, systolic, and diastolic function as wells as structural damage of the heart after ischemia. Furthermore, G. verum extract modulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and alleviated the production of pro-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Bradic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anica Petkovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Sretenovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stevan Matic
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Centre of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Tomovic
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Rufino AT, Costa VM, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. Flavonoids as antiobesity agents: A review. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:556-585. [PMID: 33084093 DOI: 10.1002/med.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that affects all age groups in both developing and developed countries. In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached pandemic levels, resulting in a dramatic increase in the incidence of various comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, consequently leading to massive health and socioeconomic burdens. Together with lifestyle changes, antiobesity pharmacotherapy is gaining momentum as an adjunctive treatment. However, the available pharmacological approaches have limited use owing to either significant adverse effects or low efficacy. Over the years, natural products have been an important source of lead compounds for drug discovery. Among these, flavonoids are associated with important biological effects and health-promoting activities. In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of flavonoids on obesity and their potential mechanisms of action. The literature strongly suggests that most common flavonoids demonstrate a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by their ability to lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma triglycerides/cholesterol, both in in vitro and in vivo models. The impact of flavonoids on obesity can be observed through different mechanisms: reducing food intake and fat absorption, increasing energy expenditure, modulating lipid metabolism, or regulating gut microbiota profile. A better understanding of the known antiobesity mechanisms of flavonoids will enable their potential use to treat this medical condition. Therefore, this review focuses on the putative biological mechanisms through which flavonoids may prevent or treat obesity and highlights new perspectives on future pharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T Rufino
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera M Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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7- O-methylpunctatin, a Novel Homoisoflavonoid, Inhibits Phenotypic Switch of Human Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110716. [PMID: 31717401 PMCID: PMC6920859 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of arterioles is a pivotal event in the manifestation of many inflammation-based cardio-vasculopathologies, such as hypertension. During these remodeling events, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) switch from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. The latter is characterized by increased proliferation, migration, and invasion. Compounds with anti-inflammatory actions have been successful in attenuating this phenotypic switch. While the vast majority of studies investigating phenotypic modulation were undertaken in VSMCs isolated from large vessels, little is known about the effect of such compounds on phenotypic switch in VSMCs of microvessels (microVSMCs). We have recently characterized a novel homoisoflavonoid that we called 7-O-methylpunctatin (MP). In this study, we show that MP decreased FBS-induced cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion. MP also attenuated adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to microVSMCs, abolished FBS-induced expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and NF-κB, as well as reduced activation of ERK1/2 and FAK. Furthermore, MP-treated VSMCs showed an increase in early (myocardin, SM-22α, SM-α) and mid-term (calponin and caldesmon) differentiation markers and a decrease in osteopontin, a protein highly expressed in synthetic VSMCs. MP also reduced transcription of cyclin D1, CDK4 but increased protein levels of p21 and p27. Taken together, these results corroborate an anti-inflammatory action of MP on human microVSMCs. Therefore, by inhibiting the synthetic phenotype of microVSMCs, MP may be a promising modulator for inflammation-induced arteriolar pathophysiology.
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Therapeutic Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis on L-Thyroxine-Induced Hyperthyroidism Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3239649. [PMID: 31636683 PMCID: PMC6766260 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3239649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was performed to evaluate the anti-hyperthyroidal effects and action mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB), a medicinal herb, on levothyroxine (LT4)-induced hyperthyroidal rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups, namely, euthyroidal normal group (Normal), hyperthyroidism control group (Control), hyperthyroidism plus PTU-treated group (PTU) as a positive control, hyperthyroidism plus 400 mg/kg SB-treated group (SB400), and hyperthyroidism plus 800 mg/kg SB-treated group (SB800). The rats in groups other than Normal were injected with LT4 for 2 weeks to induce hyperthyroidism and then were administrated each treatment for 2 weeks. Clinical symptoms and biomarkers related to hyperthyroidism were examined, and the gene expressions related to the regulation of thyroid hormone were determined. Results Compared with the Control group, pulse rate, serum T3, T4, triglyceride, thyroid follicle size, and the deiodinase 1 (Dio1) gene expression were significantly reduced in the SB and PTU groups. Serum TSH and the thyroxine-binding globulin (Tbg) gene expression were significantly increased in the SB and PTU groups. Conclusions These results suggest that SB might suppress T3, T4, and adrenergic activity by modulating Dio1 and Tbg expression, and therefore, SB could be an alternative therapy for hyperthyroidism.
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Khan S, Kamal MA. Wogonin Alleviates Hyperglycemia Through Increased Glucose Entry into Cells Via AKT/GLUT4 Pathway. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2602-2606. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722115410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes mellitus resulting in chronic hyperglycemia is a major health
problem in the modern world. Many drugs have been tested to control hyperglycemia which is believed to be the
main factor behind many of the diabetes-related late-term complications. Wogonin is a famous herbal medicine
which has been shown to be effective in controlling diabetes and its complications. In our previous work, we
showed that wogonin is beneficial in many ways in controlling diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this review, we
mainly explained wogonin anti-hyperglycemic property through AKT/GLUT4 pathway. Here we briefly discussed
that wogonin increases Glut4 trafficking to plasma membrane which allows increased entry of glucose and
thus alleviates hyperglycemia.
Conclusion:
Wogonin can be used as an anti-diabetic and anti-hyperglycemic drug and works via AKT/GLUT4
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad Khan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Mohammad A. Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Ravishankar D, Salamah M, Akimbaev A, Williams HF, Albadawi DAI, Vaiyapuri R, Greco F, Osborn HMI, Vaiyapuri S. Impact of specific functional groups in flavonoids on the modulation of platelet activation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9528. [PMID: 29934595 PMCID: PMC6015034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids exert innumerable beneficial effects on cardiovascular health including the reduction of platelet activation, and thereby, thrombosis. Hence, flavonoids are deemed to be a molecular template for the design of novel therapeutic agents for various diseases including thrombotic conditions. However, the structure-activity relationships of flavonoids with platelets is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aims to advance the current knowledge on structure-activity relationships of flavonoids through a systematic analysis of structurally-related flavones. Here, we investigated a panel of 16 synthetic flavones containing hydroxy or methoxy groups at C-7,8 positions on the A-ring, with a phenyl group or its bioisosteres as the B-ring, along with their thio analogues possessing a sulfur molecule at the 4th carbon position of the C-ring. The antiplatelet efficacies of these compounds were analysed using human isolated platelets upon activation with cross-linked collagen-related peptide by optical aggregometry. The results demonstrate that the hydroxyl groups in flavonoids are important for optimum platelet inhibitory activities. In addition, the 4-C=O and B ring phenyl groups are less critical for the antiplatelet activity of these flavonoids. This structure-activity relationship of flavonoids with the modulation of platelet function may guide the design, optimisation and development of flavonoid scaffolds as antiplatelet agents.
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Lin CM, Wang BW, Pan CM, Fang WJ, Chua SK, Hou SW, Chang H, Shyu KG. Effects of flavonoids on MicroRNA 145 regulation through Klf4 and myocardin in neointimal formation in vitro and in vivo. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 52:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Regioselective Synthesis of Procyanidin B6, A 4-6-Condensed (+)-Catechin Dimer, by Intramolecular Condensation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010205. [PMID: 29346322 PMCID: PMC6017110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, also known as condensed tannins or oligomeric flavonoids, are found in many edible plants and exhibit interesting biological activities. Herein, we report a new, simple method for the stereoselective synthesis of procyanidin B6, a (+)-catechin-(4-6)-(+)-catechin dimer, by Lewis acid-catalyzed intramolecular condensation. The 5-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) group of 5,7,3′4′-tetra-O-TBDMS-(+)-catechin was regioselectively removed using trifluoroacetic acid, leading to the “regio-controlled” synthesis of procyanidin B6. The 5-hydroxyl group of the 7,3′,4′-tri-O-TBDMS-(+)-catechin nucleophile and the 3-hydroxyl group of 5,7,3′,4′-tetra-O-benzylated-(+)-catechin electrophile were connected with an azelaic acid. The subsequent SnCl4-catalyzed intramolecular condensation proceeded smoothly to give the 4-6-condensed catechin dimer. This is the first report on the complete regioselective synthesis of a 4-6-connected oligomer without modifying the 8-position.
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Abstract
Dietary supplements can have beneficial effects on a number of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, and interest in the use of nonpharmacologic nutraceutical-based treatments for cardiovascular disorders is growing. The aim of this review is to present the role of dietary supplements with antiplatelet activity in the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. In addition, this paper describes their effects on another very important element of hemostasis-blood coagulation. However, because controlled human clinical experiments are too limited to clearly identify the antiplatelet and anticoagulant properties of dietary supplements, used alone or in combination with classical antiplatelet therapy (e.g., with aspirin), most information in this article is based on in vitro studies. Therefore, it cannot be unequivocally stated whether dietary supplements are universally safe and bring benefits to all. Some authors suggest that blood platelet count and function should be monitored in patients taking such supplements, especially before and after surgery, as well as other hemostasis parameters such as coagulation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland,Address correspondence to BO (e-mail: )
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Shen M, Li K, Jing H, Zheng L. In VivoTherapeutic Effect ofVaccinium MeridionaleSwartz in Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Male Albino Rats. J Food Sci 2017; 83:221-228. [PMID: 29178435 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingge Shen
- Dept. of Emergency; the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi Univ.; Jiamusi 154002 China
| | - Ketian Li
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine; the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi Univ.; Jiamusi 154002 China
| | - Hongying Jing
- Dept. of Pharmacy; the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi Univ.; Jiamusi 154002 China
| | - Linyi Zheng
- Dept. of Cardiology No. 1; the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi Univ.; Jiamusi 154002 China
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Brown AC. Heart Toxicity Related to Herbs and Dietary Supplements: Online Table of Case Reports. Part 4 of 5. J Diet Suppl 2017; 15:516-555. [PMID: 28981338 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1356418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this review was to create an online research summary table of heart toxicity case reports related to dietary supplements (DS; includes herbs). METHODS Documented PubMed case reports of DS appearing to contribute to heart-related problems were used to create a "Toxic Table" that summarized the research (1966 to April, 2016, and cross-referencing). Keywords included "herb," "dietary supplement," and cardiac terms. Case reports were excluded if they were herb combinations (some exceptions), Chinese herb mixtures, teas of mixed herb contents, mushrooms, poisonous plants, self-harm (e.g. suicide), excess dose (except vitamins/minerals), drugs or illegal drugs, drug-herbal interactions, and confounders of drugs or diseases. The spectrum of heart toxicities included hypertension, hypotension, hypokalemia, bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmia, ventricular fibrillation, heart attack, cardiac arrest, heart failure, and death. RESULTS Heart related problems were associated with approximately seven herbs: Four traditional Chinese medicine herbs - Don quai (Angelica sinensis), Jin bu huan (Lycopodium serratum), Thundergod vine or lei gong teng (Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F), and Ting kung teng (Erycibe henryi prain); one an Ayruvedic herb - Aswagandha, (Withania somnifera); and two North American herbs - blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), and Yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe). Aconitum and Ephedra species are no longer sold in the United States. The DS included, but are not limited to five DS - bitter orange, caffeine, certain energy drinks, nitric oxide products, and a calming product. Six additional DS are no longer sold. Licorice was the food related to heart problems. CONCLUSION The online "Toxic Table" forewarns clinicians, consumers and the DS industry by listing DS with case reports related to heart toxicity. It may also contribute to Phase IV post marketing surveillance to diminish adverse events that Government officials use to regulate DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Brown
- a Complementary and Alternative Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine , University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu , HI , USA
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Liu W, Zhao S, Wang J, Shi J, Sun Y, Wang W, Ning G, Hong J, Liu R. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates inflammation and adiposity by modulating gut microbiota in high-fat diet mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28500724 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity and associated metabolic complications is a worldwide public health issue. Gut microbiota have been recently linked to obesity and its related inflammation. In this study, we have explored the anti-inflammatory effect of grape seed proanthocyanindin extract (GSPE) in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and identified the contribution of the gut microbiota to GSPE effects on metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice were fed a normal diet and a high-fat diet with or without GSPE (300 mg/kg body weight/day) by oral gavage for 7 weeks. Supplementation with GSPE significantly decreased plasma levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, companied with ameliorated macrophage infiltration in epidydimal fat and liver tissues. Furthermore, GSPE also reduced epidydimal fat mass and improved insulin sensitivity. 16S rDNA analyses revealed that GSPE supplementation modulated the gut microbiota composition and certain bacteria including Clostridium XIVa, Roseburia and Prevotella. More importantly, depleting gut microbiota by antibiotics treatment abolished the beneficial effects of GSPE on inflammation and adiposity. CONCLUSION Our study identifies the novel links between gut microbiota alterations and metabolic benefits by GSPE supplementation, providing possibilities for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting gut microbiota through a potential prebiotic agent GSPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhao
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Shi
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingkai Sun
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Saito A. Challenges and complexity of functionality evaluation of flavan-3-ol derivatives. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1055-1060. [PMID: 28345490 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1295801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Flavan-3-ol derivatives are common plant-derived bioactive compounds. In particular, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate shows various moderate biological activities without severe toxicity, and its health-promoting effects have been widely studied because it is a main ingredient in green tea and is commercially available at low cost. Although various biologically active flavan-3-ol derivatives are present as minor constituents in plants as well as in green tea, their biological activities have yet to be revealed, mainly due to their relative unavailability. Here, I outline the major factors contributing to the complexity of functionality studies of flavan-3-ol derivatives, including proanthocyanidins and oligomeric flavan-3-ols. I emphasize the importance of conducting structure-activity relationship studies using synthesized flavan-3-ol derivatives that are difficult to obtain from plant extracts in pure form to overcome this challenge. Further discovery of these minor constituents showing strong biological activities is expected to produce useful information for the development of functional health foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Saito
- a Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka Electro-communication University (OECU) , Osaka , Japan
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Che X, Wang X, Zhang J, Peng C, Zhen Y, Shao X, Zhang G, Dong L. Vitexin exerts cardioprotective effect on chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via inhibiting myocardial apoptosis and lipid peroxidation. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3319-3328. [PMID: 27648122 PMCID: PMC5009384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the cardioprotective effect of vitexin on chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and potential mechanisms. METHODS A chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary for 60 minutes, and followed by reperfusion for 14 days. After 2 weeks ischemia/reperfusion, cardiac function was measured to assess myocardial injury. The level of ST segment was recorded in different periods by electrocardiograph. The change of left ventricular function and myocardial reaction degree of fibrosis of heart was investigated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Sirius red staining. Endothelium-dependent relaxations due to acetylcholine were observed in isolated rat thoracic aortic ring preparation. The blood samples were collected to measure the levels of MDA, the activities of SOD and NADPH in serum. Epac1, Rap1, Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by using Western Blotting. RESULTS Vitexin exerted significant protective effect on chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, improved obviously left ventricular diastolic function and reduced myocardial reactive fibrosis degree in rats of myocardial ischemia. Medium and high-dose vitexin groups presented a significant decrease in Bax, Epac1 and Rap1 production and increase in Bcl-2 compared to the I/R group. It may be related to preventing myocardial cells from apoptosis, improving myocardial diastolic function and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSIONS Vitexin is a cardioprotective herb, which may be a promising useful complementary and alternative medicine for patients with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Chengfeng Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Yilan Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Hefei Qi-Xing Medicine and Technology Co., LtdHefei 230084, Anhui, China
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, China
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Gálvez J, Estrada-Reyes R, Benítez-King G, Araujo G, Orozco S, Fernández-Mas R, Almazán S, Calixto E. Involvement of the GABAergic system in the neuroprotective and sedative effects of acacetin 7-O-glucoside in rodents. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2016; 33:683-700. [PMID: 26410208 PMCID: PMC4923766 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-140486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Characterization of sedative, possible anticonvulsant, and protective effects of Acacetin-7-O-glucoside (7-ACAG). Methods: 7-ACAG was separated and its purity was analyzed. Its sedative and anti-seizure effects (1, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) were evaluated in male mice. Synaptic responses were acquired from area CA1 of hippocampal slices obtained from male Wistar rats. Rats were subjected to stereotaxic surgeries to allow Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Functional recovery was evaluated by measuring the time rats spent in completing the motor task. Then the rats were subjected to right hemiplegia and administered 7-ACAG (40 mg/kg) 1 h or 24 h after surgery. Brains of each group of rats were prepared for histological analysis. Results: Effective sedative doses of 7-ACAG comprised those between 20 and 40 mg/kg. Latency and duration of the epileptiform crisis were delayed by this flavonoid. 7-ACAG decreased the synaptic response in vitro, similar to Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) effects. The flavonoid facilitated functional recovery. This data was associated with preserved cytoarchitecture in brain cortex and hippocampus. Conclusions: 7-ACAG possesses anticonvulsive and sedative effects. Results suggest that GABAergic activity and neuroprotection are involved in the mechanism of action of 7-ACAG and support this compound’s being a potential drug for treatment of anxiety or post-operative conditions caused by neurosurgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gálvez
- Department of Neurobiology, National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F., México
| | - Rosa Estrada-Reyes
- Laboratory of Phytopharmacology, National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F., México
| | - Gloria Benítez-King
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F., México.,National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F, Ramón de la Fuente Muñíz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo Huipulco, Delegación Tlalpan, 14370 México, D.F., México
| | - Gabriela Araujo
- Laboratory of Phytopharmacology, National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F., México
| | - Sandra Orozco
- Unit of Medical Research in Neurologic Deseases (UIMEN), Hospital de Especialidades, Medical National Center Century XXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Av. Cuauhtémoc #330, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, México, D.F., México
| | - Rodrigo Fernández-Mas
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Control and Regulation, National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F., México
| | - Salvador Almazán
- Departament of Bioelectronics, National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F., México
| | - Eduardo Calixto
- Department of Neurobiology, National Institute of Psichiatry, D.F., México
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The Effect of 3′,4′-Dihydroxyflavonol on Lipid Peroxidation in Rats with Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1732-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Murphy MO, Petriello MC, Han SG, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Esser K, Hennig B. Exercise protects against PCB-induced inflammation and associated cardiovascular risk factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2201-11. [PMID: 25586614 PMCID: PMC4503535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-4062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent environmental pollutants that contribute to the initiation of cardiovascular disease. Exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease; however, whether exercise can modulate PCB-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular risk factors is unknown. We examined the effects of exercise on coplanar PCB-induced cardiovascular risk factors including oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired glucose tolerance, hypercholesteremia, and endothelium-dependent relaxation. Male ApoE(-/-) mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups (voluntary wheel running) over a 12-week period. Half of each group was exposed to vehicle or PCB 77 at weeks 1, 2, 9, and 10. For ex vivo studies, male C57BL/6 mice exercised via voluntary wheel training for 5 weeks and then were administered with vehicle or PCB 77 24 h before vascular reactivity studies were performed. Exposure to coplanar PCB increased risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease, including oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesteremia. The 12-week exercise intervention significantly reduced these proatherogenic parameters. Exercise also upregulated antioxidant enzymes including phase II detoxification enzymes. Sedentary animals exposed to PCB 77 exhibited endothelial dysfunction as demonstrated by significant impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation, which was prevented by exercise. Lifestyle modifications such as aerobic exercise could be utilized as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of adverse cardiovascular health effects induced by environmental pollutants such as PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret O Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Michael C Petriello
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sung Gu Han
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Karyn Esser
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Bernhard Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- University of Kentucky Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, 900 S. Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Chen YJ, Wang L, Zhou GY, Yu XL, Zhang YH, Hu N, Li QQ, Chen C, Qing C, Liu YT, Yang WM. Scutellarin attenuates endothelium-dependent aasodilation impairment induced by hypoxia reoxygenation, through regulating the PKG signaling pathway in rat coronary artery. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:264-73. [PMID: 25908623 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Scutellarin (SCU), a flavonoid from a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Our previous study has demonstrated that SCU relaxes mouse aortic arteries mainly in an endothelium-depend-ent manner. In the present study, we investigated the vasoprotective effects of SCU against HR-induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) in isolated rat CA and the possible mechanisms involving cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) dependent protein kinase (PKG). The isolated endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded rat CA rings were treated with HR injury. Evaluation of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation relaxation of the CA rings were performed using wire myography and the protein expressions were assayed by Western blotting. SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1)) could relax the endothelium-intact CA rings but not endothelium-denuded ones. In the intact CA rings, the PKG inhibitor, Rp-8-Br-cGMPS (PKGI-rp, 4 μmol·L(-1)), significantly blocked SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1))-induced relaxation. The NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NO-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME, 100 μmol·L(-1)), did not significantly change the effects of SCU (10-1 000 μmol·L(-1)). HR treatment significantly impaired ACh-induced relaxation, which was reversed by pre-incubation with SCU (500 μmol·L(-1)), while HR treatment did not altered NTG-induced vasodilation. PKGI-rp (4 μmol·L(-1)) blocked the protective effects of SCU in HR-treated CA rings. Additionally, HR treatment reduced phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (p-VASP, phosphorylated product of PKG), which was reversed by SCU pre-incubation, suggesting that SCU activated PKG phosphorylation against HR injury. SCU induces CA vasodilation in an endothelium-dependent manner to and repairs HR-induced impairment via activation of PKG signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Juan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian-Lun Yu
- Zhaotong Institute of Tianma, Zhaotong 657000, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Na Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ying-Ting Liu
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, The First People's Hospital of Yun-Nan Province, Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China.
| | - Wei-Min Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Kometani T, Takemori K. Polyphenols from Persimmon Fruits as a Functional Foods Material. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.63.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kometani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University
| | - Kumiko Takemori
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University
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Yang W, Alanne AL, Liu P, Kallio H, Yang B. Flavonol Glycosides in Currant Leaves and Variation with Growth Season, Growth Location, and Leaf Position. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9269-9276. [PMID: 26448427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavonol glycosides (FG) were analyzed in the leaves of six currant cultivars (Ribes spp.) with HPLC-DAD, HPLC-MS/MS, and NMR. The average amounts of the 12 major, identified FG constituted 86-93% (9.6-14.1 mg/g DW) of the total of 27 FG found. Quercetin and kaempferol were the major aglycones with trace amounts of myricetin. Quercetin-3-O-(2,6-α-dirhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside), quercetin-3-O-(2-β-xylopyranosyl-6-α-rhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside), and kaempferol-3-O-(3,6-α-dirhamnopyranosyl-β-glucopyranoside) were identified for the first time in currant leaves and existed in a white currant cultivar 'White Dutch' only. Kaempferol-3-O-β-(6'-malonyl)glucopyranoside was also a new compound existing in abundance in five cultivars but not in the white one. The results show the primary importance of the genetic background of the cultivars. The content of malonylated FG of special importance in cardiovascular health decreased regularly during summer. Time of collection and leaf position were more prominent factors affecting the composition than were the year of harvest or the growth latitude. Randomly collected leaves differed in their FG profiles from those collected from the middle position of new branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, §Instrument Centre, Department of Chemistry, and #The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Aino-Liisa Alanne
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, §Instrument Centre, Department of Chemistry, and #The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, §Instrument Centre, Department of Chemistry, and #The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, §Instrument Centre, Department of Chemistry, and #The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, §Instrument Centre, Department of Chemistry, and #The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku , FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Xue Y, Shui X, Su W, He Y, Lu X, Zhang Y, Yan G, Huang S, Lei W, Chen C. Baicalin inhibits inflammation and attenuates myocardial ischaemic injury by aryl hydrocarbon receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1756-64. [PMID: 26407904 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence indicates that suppressing inflammation by specific drug target and treatment measures contributes to attenuate ischaemic injury and the related heart diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential effect of baicalin on myocardial ischaemic injury through inhibition of inflammation by inactivating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). METHODS The mouse model with myocardial ischaemic injury was prepared by the left anterior descending coronary artery-amputation and then treated using baicalin. After observing the expression of AhR by immunohistochemical staining, the AhR and inflammatory mediators in circulation and myocardial tissues, including high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, were detected based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot methods. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that (1) substantial expression of AhR was observed in myocardial tissues; (2) ischaemic injury caused myocardial necrosis and remodelling, and stimulated hsCRP, IL-1β and IL-6 by activation of AhR; and (3) baicalin alleviated the myocardial injury and inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of AhR. CONCLUSION Our findings extend the list of AhR ligands beyond exogenous toxins and endogenous molecules to cardiac immunological factors, and moreover it could be considered potential drug targets due to its pathological modulatory properties, while baicalin demonstrated promise as a novel vehicle for ischaemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Xue
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Laboratory of Vascular Surgery, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiqing Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The People's Hospital of Lianjiang, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xinlin Lu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guosen Yan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shian Huang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Can Chen
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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Wang CZ, Moss J, Yuan CS. Commonly Used Dietary Supplements on Coagulation Function during Surgery. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 2:157-185. [PMID: 26949700 PMCID: PMC4777343 DOI: 10.3390/medicines2030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who undergo surgery appear to use dietary supplements significantly more frequently than the general population. Because they contain pharmacologically active compounds, dietary supplements may affect coagulation and platelet function during the perioperative period through direct effects, pharmacodynamic interactions, and pharmacokinetic interactions. However, in this regard, limited studies have been conducted that address the pharmacological interactions of dietary supplements. To avoid possible bleeding risks during surgery, information of potential complications of dietary supplements during perioperative management is important for physicians. METHODS Through a systematic database search of all available years, articles were identified in this review if they included dietary supplements and coagulation/platelet function, while special attention was paid to studies published after 1990. RESULTS Safety concerns are reported in commercially available dietary supplements. Effects of the most commonly used natural products on blood coagulation and platelet function are systematically reviewed, including 11 herbal medicines (echinacea, ephedra, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, green tea, kava, saw palmetto, St John's wort, and valerian) and 4 other dietary supplements (coenzyme Q10, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, fish oil, and vitamins). Bleeding risks of garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, green tea, saw palmetto, St John's wort, and fish oil are reported. Cardiovascular instability was observed with ephedra, ginseng, and kava. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary supplements and drugs used in the perioperative period are discussed. CONCLUSIONS To prevent potential problems associated with the use of dietary supplements, physicians should be familiar with the perioperative effects of commonly used dietary supplements. Since the effects of dietary supplements on coagulation and platelet function are difficult to predict, it is prudent to advise their discontinuation before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-773-702-0166; Fax: +1-773-834-0601
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Chen C, Li X, Gao P, Tu Y, Zhao M, Li J, Zhang S, Liang H. Baicalin attenuates alzheimer-like pathological changes and memory deficits induced by amyloid β1-42 protein. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:537-44. [PMID: 25108596 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is one bioactive flavone with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. The neuroprotective effects of baicalin on pathological changes and behavioral deficits were explored in a mouse model of amyloid β (Aβ)(1-42) protein-induced Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mice received a bilateral injection of Aβ(1-42) protein into the hippocampus, then they were treated with baicalin (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, orally) or Tween 80. The therapeutic effects of baicalin were monitored by Morris water maze trial and probe test. Then mice were sacrificed for immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. After a relatively short-term treatment of 14 days, 100 mg/kg of baicalin significantly ameliorated memory impairment in the Morris water maze test and probe test, and also attenuated glial cell activations and increase of TNF-α and IL-6 expressions induced by Aβ(1-42) protein. These results suggest that baicalin ameliorated Aβ(1-42) protein-related pathology and cognitive dysfunction via its anti-neuroinflammatory activity, and may be a potential candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurology, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, 300162, China
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Çakmakçı S, Topdaş EF, Kalın P, Han H, Şekerci P, P. Köse L, Gülçin İ. Antioxidant capacity and functionality of oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifoliaL.) flour and crust in a new kind of fruity ice cream. Int J Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songül Çakmakçı
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Agriculture; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Elif F. Topdaş
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Agriculture; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Pınar Kalın
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Hatice Han
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Pınar Şekerci
- Department of Food Engineering; Faculty of Agriculture; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering; Ardahan University; Ardahan Turkey
| | - Leyla P. Köse
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; 25240 Erzurum Turkey
- Zoology Department; College of Science; King Saud University; 11451 Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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Dong LY, Li S, Zhen YL, Wang YN, Shao X, Luo ZG. Cardioprotection of vitexin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat via regulating inflammatory cytokines and MAPK pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1251-66. [PMID: 24228599 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to demonstrate myocardial protective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of vitexin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Occluding the anterior descending artery for 30 min and restoring blood perfusion for 60 min in rat established a model of myocardial I/R. The elevation of the ST segment of Electrocardiograph (ECG) was observed. The infarct size of the rat heart was assessed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (TTC). LDH, CK, SOD activities and MDA content were determined. An immunohistochemical analysis was applied to measure the expression of myocardial NF-κBp65 and TNF-α. ERK/phospho-ERKand c-Jun/phospho-c-Jun protein expression was examined via Western Blot. Vitexin significantly reduced the elevation of the ST segment of ECG and myocardial infarct size. LDH and CK activities and MDA content were attenuated in serum, while SOD activity was markedly enhanced. Vitexin significantly attenuated I/R-induced increases of myocardial NF-κB and TNF-α. Moreover, Western Blot analysis presented that vitexin markedly enhanced the expression of phospho-ERK and weakened the expression of phospho-c-Jun compared to I/R group. The significant protective effect against myocardial ischemical/reperfusion injury in rat, which is exhibited by vitexin, may be related to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects by regulating inflammatory cytokines and the MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Yi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immunopharmacology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230032, China
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Zeng Y, Guo LP, Chen BD, Hao ZP, Wang JY, Huang LQ, Yang G, Cui XM, Yang L, Wu ZX, Chen ML, Zhang Y. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis for sustainable cultivation of Chinese medicinal plants: a promising research direction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1199-221. [PMID: 24228596 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1350081x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) are symbiotic systems in nature and have great significance in promoting the growth and stress resistance of medicinal plants. During our literature search from the Chinese Scientific Information Database (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, CNKI) we obtained 65 articles with "AM fungi" and "medicinal plant" as the key words, which indicates that in China, research efforts on these topics have been increasing. The main purposes of this review are to discuss the effects of mycorrhiza on the active ingredients of Chinese medicinal plants in comparison with results obtained in other plants in studies conducted by the international research community, and to introduce works published in Chinese journals to international colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China , China National Corp. of Traditional and Herbal Medicine, Beijing 100195, People's Republic of China , State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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Huang S, Chen P, Shui X, He Y, Wang H, Zheng J, Zhang L, Li J, Xue Y, Chen C, Lei W. Baicalin attenuates transforming growth factor-β1-induced human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic switch by inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1α and aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1469-77. [PMID: 24835111 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Baicalin, a natural flavone, has antithrombotic, antihyperlipidemic and antiinflammortory activity. It can also inhibit cancer cell proliferation and reduce brain cell apoptosis. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of baicalin on the excessive proliferation of human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and to investigate the roles of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in mediating this TGF-β1-induced excessive proliferation of HPASMCs.
Methods
TGF-β1-induced proliferation of HPASMCs was assayed using the CCK8 method. The cellular phenotype was identified by immunocytochemical staining. Expression of HIF-1α and AhR mRNA was determined by real-time quantitative PCR.
Key findings
TGF-β1 promoted significantly HPASMC proliferation (P < 0.05) and induced a phenotypic switch from the contractile to synthetic type. Baicalin inhibited this TGF-β1-induced phenotypic switch and consequently the excessive growth of HPASMCs in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Furthermore, baicalin attenuated the abnormal proliferation of HPASMCs through suppression of the HIF-1α and AhR pathways.
Conclusions
Our study shows that baicalin has the potential to be used as a novel drug in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension pathology by antagonizing HIF-1α and AhR expression and subsequently decreasing HPASMC proliferation and the phenotypic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian Huang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Puwen Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaorong Shui
- Vascular Surgery Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Heyong Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Vascular Surgery Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yiqiang Xue
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Can Chen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiovascular, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
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Wen XD, Wang CZ, Yu C, Zhang Z, Calway T, Wang Y, Li P, Yuan CS. Salvia miltiorrhiza (dan shen) significantly ameliorates colon inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 41:1097-108. [PMID: 24117071 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease increases the risks of human colorectal cancer. In this study, the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SME) on chemically-induced colitis in a mouse model were evaluated. Chemical composition of SME was determined by HPLC analysis. A/J mice received a single injection of AOM 7.5 mg/kg. After one week, these mice received 2.5% DSS for eight days, or DSS plus SME (25 or 50 mg/kg). DSS-induced colitis was scored with the disease activity index (DAI). Body weight and colon length were also measured. The severity of inflammatory lesions was further evaluated by colon tissue histological assessment. HPLC assay showed that the major constituents in the tested SME were danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, salvianolic acid D, and salvianolic acid B. In the model group, the DAI score reached its highest level on Day 8, while the SME group on both doses showed a significantly reduced DAI score (both p < 0.01). As an objective index of the severity of inflammation, colon length was significantly shorter in the model group than the vehicle group. Treatment with 25 and 50 mg/kg of SME inhibited the shortening of colon in a dose-related manner (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). SME groups also significantly reduced weight reduction (p < 0.05). Colitis histological data supported the pharmacological observations. Thus, Salvia miltiorrhiza could be a promising candidate in preventing and treating colitis and in reducing the risks of inflammation-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009, China , Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA , Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Myrcia bella Leaf Extract Presents Hypoglycemic Activity via PI3k/Akt Insulin Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:543606. [PMID: 24872834 PMCID: PMC4020406 DOI: 10.1155/2014/543606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Species of Myrcia are used by indigenous people and in traditional communities in Brazil for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus. We investigated the hypoglycemic effect of the extract of leaves of Myrcia bella in diabetic mice. The chemical fingerprinting of the 70% EtOH extract characterized as main constituents flavonoid aglycones, flavonoid-O-glycosides, and acylated flavonoid-O-glycosides derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. Mice were treated with saline or extract of M. bella (300 or 600 mg/Kg b.w.) for 14 days. Body weight and water and food intake were measured every day. Fasting blood glucose was measured weekly. At the end of the treatment, blood insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and protein were measured. Glycogen content and expression of proteins of the insulin signaling pathway were measured in liver. The treatment with 600 mg/Kg reduced the fasting blood glucose in diabetic mice of the 7th day as water and food intake and increased hepatic glycogen. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced in diabetic treated mice. The treatment increased the expression of IRS-1, PI3-K, and AKT in the livers of diabetic treated mice. The results indicate that the extract of the leaves of Myrcia bella has hypoglycemic properties and possibly acts to regulate glucose uptake by the liver.
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Hao G, Li W, Teo K, Wang X, Yang J, Wang Y, Liu L, Yusuf S. Influence of tea consumption on acute myocardial infarction in China population: the INTERHEART China study. Angiology 2014; 66:265-70. [PMID: 24755694 DOI: 10.1177/0003319714531849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the association between tea consumption and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) using INTERHEART China data. Cases (n = 2909) and controls (n = 2947) were randomly selected and frequency matched by age and sex. Participants who drank tea ≥4 cups/d had a significantly higher risk of AMI than tea nondrinkers; odds ratio (OR) was 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.61) compared with tea nondrinkers. A similar trend was found in green tea drinkers; OR was 1.52 (95% CI: 1.13-2.05) in the participants who drank 3 cups/d and 1.73 (95% CI: 1.35-2.22) in the participants who drank ≥4 cups/d compared with tea nondrinkers. We also found that green tea consumption had a greater effect on females; OR was 2.80 (95% CI: 1.43-5.50) in females. In conclusion, we found that the risk of AMI increases as tea consumption increases. Further studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Koon Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Mehanna NS, Hassan ZMR, El-Din HMF, Ali AAE, Amarowicz R, El-Messery TM. Effect of Interaction Phenolic Compounds with Milk Proteins on Cell Line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.522226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gu L, Li N, Yu W, Gong J, Li Q, Zhu W, Li J. Berberine Reduces Rat Intestinal Tight Junction Injury Induced by Ischemia–Reperfusion Associated with the Suppression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:1297-312. [PMID: 24228602 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Berberine (BBR) has been shown to attenuate the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the brain. We evaluated the effects of BBR on intestinal tight junction (TJ) changes during mesenteric I/R. I/R was induced in rats by the occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery and reperfusion. The rats were randomized into four groups: control, BBR, I/R, and I/R + BBR. Intestinal permeability was determined by the lactulose/mannitol test. The ileum and colon were harvested to assess mucosal injury and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity. The TJ ultrastructure was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The expressions and locations of the TJ proteins, occludin and ZO-1, in the epithelium were investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. We also used Western blot analysis to detect the distribution of TJ proteins in lipid raft fractions. Our results suggest that I/R-induced intestinal TJ dysfunction can be improved by BBR, thereby demonstrating the therapeutic potential of BBR for intestinal I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiurong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jieshou Li
- Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
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Effects and mechanisms of chinese herbal medicine in ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:925625. [PMID: 24288571 PMCID: PMC3833114 DOI: 10.1155/2013/925625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease, which accounts for approximately 450,000 deaths a year in the United States alone. Chinese herbal medicine, especially combined herbal formulations, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of myocardial infarction for hundreds of years. While the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine is well documented, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we highlight recent studies which are focused on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms using extracted compounds, single herbs, or herbal formulations in experimental settings. These studies represent recent efforts to bridge the gap between the enigma of ancient Chinese herbal medicine and the concepts of modern cell and molecular biology in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Yu C, Qu F, Mao Y, Li D, Zhen Z, Nass R, Calway T, Wang Y, Yuan CS, Wang CZ. Different extraction pretreatments significantly change the flavonoid contents of Scutellaria baicalensis. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1228-1235. [PMID: 23738852 PMCID: PMC3971064 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.784922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) is one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs, especially in traditional Chinese medicine. However, compared to many pharmacological studies of this botanical, much less attention has been paid to the quality control of the herb's pretreatment prior to extract preparation, an issue that may affect therapeutic outcomes. OBJECTIVE The current study was designed to evaluate whether different pretreatment conditions change the contents of the four major flavonoids in the herb, i.e., two glycosides (baicalin and wogonoside) and two aglycones (baicalein and wogonin). MATERIALS AND METHODS A high-performance liquid chromatography assay was used to quantify the contents of these four flavonoids. The composition changes of four flavonoids by different pretreatment conditions, including solvent, treatment time, temperature, pH value and herb/solvent ratio were evaluated. RESULTS After selection of the first order time-curve kinetics, our data showed that at 50 °C, 1:5 herb/water (in w/v) ratio and pH 6.67 yielded an optimal conversion rate from flavonoid glycosides to their aglycones. In this optimized condition, the contents of baicalin and wogonoside were decreased to 1/70 and 1/13, while baicalein and wogonin were increased 3.5- and 3.1-fold, respectively, compared to untreated herb. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The markedly variable conversion rates by different pretreatment conditions complicated the quality control of this herb, mainly due to the high amount of endogenous enzymes of S. baicalensis. Optimal pretreatment conditions observed in this study could be used obtain the highest level of desired constituents to achieve better pharmacological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Yu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu 223003, China
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Fengyun Qu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Yanyong Mao
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu 223003, China
| | - Zhong Zhen
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Rachael Nass
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Tyler Calway
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Yunwei Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
- Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, U.S.A
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Kang TH, Hong BN, Jung SY, Lee JH, So HS, Park R, You YO. Curculigo orchioides protects cisplatin-induced cell damage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:425-41. [PMID: 23548130 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic agent against many human cancers. However, it generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and has serious dose-limiting side effects, including ototoxicity. The roots of Curculigo orchioides (C. orchioides) have been used to treat auditory diseases such as tinnitus and hearing loss in Chinese traditional medicine. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of an ethanol extract obtained from C. orchioides rhizome (COR) on cisplatin-induced cell damage in auditory cells (HEI-OC1). COR (2.5-25 μg/ml) inhibited cisplatin-induced HEI-OC1 cell damage in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the protective mechanism of COR on cisplatin cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells, we measured the effects of COR on ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in cisplatin-treated cells as well as its scavenging activities against superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radicals. COR (1-25 μg/ml) had scavenging activities against superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and DPPH radicals, as well as reduced lipid peroxidation. In in vivo experiments, COR was shown to reduce cochlear and peripheral auditory function impairments through cisplatin-induced auditory damage in mice. These results indicate that COR protects from cisplatin-induced auditory damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and scavenging activities against free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ho Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi 446-701, South Korea
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Yu C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhen Z, Calway T, Wang Y, Yuan CS, Wang CZ. Pretreatment of baicalin and wogonoside with glycoside hydrolase: a promising approach to enhance anticancer potential. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2411-8. [PMID: 24026776 PMCID: PMC3820585 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous phytochemical studies showed that the major flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis are baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside and wogonin. The two glycosides (baicalin and wogonoside) can be transformed into their aglycons (baicalein and wogonin), which possess positive anticancer potential. In this study, we used glycosidase to catalyze flavonoids in S. baicalensis to enhance the herb’s anticancer activities. Our HPLC data showed that, using the optimized conditions obtained in our experiments (20 U/g of cellulase, 50ºC, pH 4.8 and treatment for 8 h), there was a marked transformation from the two glycosides to their aglycons. The anticancer activity was subsequently evaluated using a series of S. baicalensis extracts in which variable lengths of glycosidase treatment time were used. Combining analytical and bioassay results, we observed that the higher the aglycon content, the stronger the antiproliferation effects. Compared to the untransformed control, 8 h of glycosidase catalyzing significantly increased antiproliferative activity on human colorectal and breast cancer cells, and its cancer cell growth inhibition is, in part, mediated by cell cycle arrest at the S-phase and induction of apoptosis. Data from this study suggest that using glycosidase to catalyze S. baicalensis offers a promising approach to increase its anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Yu
- School of Life Science and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Jiangsu 223003, P.R. China
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Wang J, Wang Q, Li L, Li Y, Zhang H, Zheng L, Yang L, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Peng G, Zhang Y, Han Y. Phlegm-dampness constitution: genomics, susceptibility, adjustment and treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 41:253-62. [PMID: 23548117 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x13500183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The constitution of traditional Chinese medicine was established in 1970s by Chinese scholars, in which the constitutions of Chinese people were classified into nine types for study. The phlegm-dampness constitution is one of the nine constitutions and is the most common type in constitution study. Genomics studies found four upregulated genes: COPS8, GNPDA1, CD52 and ARPC3; and six downregulated genes: GSPT2, CACNB2, FLJ20584, UXS1, IL21R and TNPO in the phlegm-dampness constitution. Gene functional analyses on genes affecting the differences between the phlegm-dampness constitution and the balanced constitution indicated that people with phlegm-dampness constitution were susceptible to hyperlipemia and diabetes. Results of epidemiological surveys also revealed that people with phlegm-dampness constitution have a much higher risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes than people with a balanced constitution. Therefore, differentiation of phlegm-dampness constitution could be performed in the normal population with the Constitution of Chinese Medicine Scale to estimate the risks of those diseases for prediction. For people with phlegm-dampness constitution, Chinese medicine could be used to reduce risk of related diseases. Constitution-based strategies in disease prevention and treatment are consistent with the current proposed 4P medical mode (personalized, predictive, preventive and participatory). With the rising burden of global disease and increasing medical expenditure, the objectives of medicine are transforming from treatment to prevention. Thus, studies on the phlegm-dampness constitution of traditional Chinese medicine are significantly important for the prediction and prevention of related diseases and maintenance of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Center for Studies in Constitution Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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