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Mendes MIP, Arnaut LG. Redaporfin Development for Photodynamic Therapy and its Combination with Glycolysis Inhibitors. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:769-776. [PMID: 36564949 DOI: 10.1111/php.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) remains an underutilized treatment modality in oncology. Many efforts have been dedicated to the development of better photosensitizers, better formulations and delivery methods, rigorous planning of light dose distribution in tissues, mechanistic insight, improvement of treatment protocols and combinations with other therapeutic agents. Hopefully, progress in all these fields will eventually expand the use of PDT. Here we offer a brief review of our own contribution to the development of a photosensitizer for PDT - redaporfin - currently in Phase II clinical trials, and present data on its combination with two glycolysis inhibitors: 2-deoxyglucose and 3-bromopyruvate. We show that 3-bromopyruvate is more cytotoxic to a carcinoma cell line (CT26) than to a normal fibroblast (3T3) cell line, and that this selectivity is maintained in the in vitro combination with redaporfin-PDT. This combination was investigated in BALB/c mice with large subcutaneous CT26 tumors and it is shown that the cure rate in the combination is higher (33% cures) than in PDT (11% cures) or in 3-bromopyruvate (no cures) alone. The combination of redaporfin-PDT with 3-bromopyruvate illustrates the potential of combination therapies and how PDT benefits can be enhanced by systemic drugs with complementary targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) as a promising alternative to current pharmaceuticals for the treatment of resistant microorganisms. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022; 79:65-103. [PMID: 35095189 PMCID: PMC8787646 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although the whole world is currently observing the global battle against COVID-19, it should not be underestimated that in the next 30 years, approximately 10 million people per year could be exposed to infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria. As new antibiotics come under pressure from unpredictable resistance patterns and relegation to last-line therapy, immediate action is needed to establish a radically different approach to countering resistant microorganisms. Among the most widely explored alternative methods for combating bacterial infections are metal complexes and nanoparticles, often in combination with light, but strategies using monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages are increasingly gaining acceptance. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) uses light and a dye termed a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the field of illumination that eventually kill microorganisms. Over the past few years, hundreds of photomaterials have been investigated, seeking ideal strategies based either on single molecules (e.g., tetrapyrroles, metal complexes) or in combination with various delivery systems. The present work describes some of the most recent advances of PDI, focusing on the design of suitable photosensitizers, their formulations, and their potential to inactivate bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Particular attention is focused on the compounds and materials developed in our laboratories that are capable of killing in the exponential growth phase (up to seven logarithmic units) of bacteria without loss of efficacy or resistance, while being completely safe for human cells. Prospectively, PDI using these photomaterials could potentially cure infected wounds and oral infections caused by various multidrug-resistant bacteria. It is also possible to treat the surfaces of medical equipment with the materials described, in order to disinfect them with light, and reduce the risk of nosocomial infections.
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3
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Martins WK, Belotto R, Silva MN, Grasso D, Suriani MD, Lavor TS, Itri R, Baptista MS, Tsubone TM. Autophagy Regulation and Photodynamic Therapy: Insights to Improve Outcomes of Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 10:610472. [PMID: 33552982 PMCID: PMC7855851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.610472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is considered an age-related disease that, over the next 10 years, will become the most prevalent health problem worldwide. Although cancer therapy has remarkably improved in the last few decades, novel treatment concepts are needed to defeat this disease. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) signalize a pathway to treat and manage several types of cancer. Over the past three decades, new light sources and photosensitizers (PS) have been developed to be applied in PDT. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge to explain the main biochemical routes needed to trigger regulated cell death mechanisms, affecting, considerably, the scope of the PDT. Although autophagy modulation is being raised as an interesting strategy to be used in cancer therapy, the main aspects referring to the autophagy role over cell succumbing PDT-photoinduced damage remain elusive. Several reports emphasize cytoprotective autophagy, as an ultimate attempt of cells to cope with the photo-induced stress and to survive. Moreover, other underlying molecular mechanisms that evoke PDT-resistance of tumor cells were considered. We reviewed the paradigm about the PDT-regulated cell death mechanisms that involve autophagic impairment or boosted activation. To comprise the autophagy-targeted PDT-protocols to treat cancer, it was underlined those that alleviate or intensify PDT-resistance of tumor cells. Thereby, this review provides insights into the mechanisms by which PDT can be used to modulate autophagy and emphasizes how this field represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleska K Martins
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Belotto
- Perola Byington Hospital Gynecology - Lasertherapy Clinical Research Department, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maryana N Silva
- Laboratory of Cell and Membrane, Anhanguera University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grasso
- CONICET, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maynne D Suriani
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tayná S Lavor
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Itri
- Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tayana M Tsubone
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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4
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Dias LD, Mfouo-Tynga IS. Learning from Nature: Bioinspired Chlorin-Based Photosensitizers Immobilized on Carbon Materials for Combined Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:E53. [PMID: 33066431 PMCID: PMC7709684 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls, which are chlorin-type photosensitizers, are known as the key building blocks of nature and are fundamental for solar energy metabolism during the photosynthesis process. In this regard, the utilization of bioinspired chlorin analogs as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy constitutes an evolutionary topic of research. Moreover, carbon nanomaterials have been widely applied in photodynamic therapy protocols due to their optical characteristics, good biocompatibility, and tunable systematic toxicity. Herein, we review the literature related to the applications of chlorin-based photosensitizers that were functionalized onto carbon nanomaterials for photodynamic and photothermal therapies against cancer. Rather than a comprehensive review, we intended to highlight the most important and illustrative examples over the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D. Dias
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
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5
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Pucelik B, Sułek A, Dąbrowski JM. Bacteriochlorins and their metal complexes as NIR-absorbing photosensitizers: properties, mechanisms, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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6
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Pucelik B, Arnaut LG, Dąbrowski JM. Lipophilicity of Bacteriochlorin-Based Photosensitizers as a Determinant for PDT Optimization through the Modulation of the Inflammatory Mediators. J Clin Med 2019; 9:E8. [PMID: 31861531 PMCID: PMC7019385 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) augments the host antitumor immune response, but the role of the PDT effect on the tumor microenvironment in dependence on the type of photosensitizer and/or therapeutic protocols has not been clearly elucidated. We employed three bacteriochlorins (F2BOH, F2BMet and Cl2BHep) of different polarity that absorb near-infrared light (NIR) and generated a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to compare the PDT efficacy after various drug-to-light intervals: 15 min. (V-PDT), 3h (E-PDT) and 72h (C-PDT). We also performed the analysis of the molecular mechanisms of PDT crucial for the generation of the long-lasting antitumor immune response. PDT-induced damage affected the integrity of the host tissue and developed acute (protocol-dependent) local inflammation, which in turn led to the infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. In order to further confirm this hypothesis, a number of proteins in the plasma of PDT-treated mice were identified. Among a wide range of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, TNF-α, GM-CSF), chemokines (KC, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, MIP2) and growth factors (VEGF) released after PDT, an important role was assigned to IL-6. PDT protocols optimized for studied bacteriochlorins led to a significant increase in the survival rate of BALB/c mice bearing CT26 tumors, but each photosensitizer (PS) was more or less potent, depending on the applied DLI (15 min, 3 h or 72 h). Hydrophilic (F2BOH) and amphiphilic (F2BMet) PSs were equally effective in V-PDT (>80 cure rate). F2BMet was the most efficient in E-PDT (DLI = 3h), leading to a cure of 65 % of the animals. Finally, the most powerful PS in the C-PDT (DLI = 72 h) regimen turned out to be the most hydrophobic compound (Cl2BHep), allowing 100 % of treated animals to be cured at a light dose of only 45 J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pucelik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Pinto SMA, Vinagreiro CS, Tomé VA, Piccirillo G, Damas L, Pereira MM. Nitrobenzene method: A keystone in meso-substituted halogenated porphyrin synthesis and applications. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article briefly describes the available synthetic approaches for meso-arylporphyrins giving particular emphasis for one-pot nitrobenzene and nitrobenzene/NaY methods regarding the synthesis of meso-halogenated arylporphyrins. The review also describes the relevant applications of these halogenated porphyrins and their metalloporphyrin counterparts, prepared via nitrobenzene method, as photosensitizers for therapy (PDT and PDI), diagnostic (molecular contrast agents) and also for catalytic oxidation and CO2 cycloaddition reactions to epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. A. Pinto
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina S. Vinagreiro
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanessa A. Tomé
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Giusi Piccirillo
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Liliana Damas
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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8
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Ravikumar M, Kathiravan A, Neels A, Mothi EM. Tin(IV) Porphyrins Containing β-Substituted Bromines: Synthesis, Conformations, Electrochemistry and Photophysical Evaluation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Ravikumar
- Centre for Scientific and Applied Research; PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Melathediyoor; 627152 Tirunelveli - Tamil Nadu India
| | - Arunkumar Kathiravan
- Department of Chemistry; Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology; Avadi 600062 Chennai - Tamil Nadu India
| | - Antonia Neels
- Center for X-ray Analytics; Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Ebrahim M. Mothi
- Centre for Scientific and Applied Research; PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Melathediyoor; 627152 Tirunelveli - Tamil Nadu India
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9
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Chaves OA, Jesus CSH, Henriques ES, Brito RMM, Serpa C. In situ ultra-fast heat deposition does not perturb the structure of serum albumin. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 15:1524-1535. [PMID: 27841431 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MnTPPS is a metallic water soluble porphyrin with high potential to be used as a contrast agent in photoacoustic tomography. In order to fully understand the interaction between MnTPPS and serum albumin and to investigate the effect of the light induced fast in situ heat deposition by MnTPPS in the protein, we performed several experimental studies using fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopies, as well as photoacoustic calorimetry. To identify the possible binding site(s) of the metalloporphyrin in serum albumin and to help interpret the spectroscopic results, a molecular docking exercise was also carried out. The fluorescence data indicate a 1 : 1 stoichiometry for the complex BSA : MnTPPS. The molecular docking results suggest one binding site at the subdomain IB of albumin, where Trp-134 is found, as the main binding site for MnTPPS. The CD data indicate no significant conformational changes of the BSA secondary structure upon MnTPPS binding and even after several minutes of laser excitation of MnTPPS. TR-PAC results show that the in situ heat deposition from MnTPPS does not cause any significant transient conformational change to the BSA structure. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that MnTPPS, in addition to the necessary physical and chemical properties to be used as a contrast agent in photoacoustic tomography, can be effectively carried by albumin and that in situ heat release following light absorption does not cause any significant damage to the protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otávio A Chaves
- ICE, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Seropédica-RJ, Brazil and CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Catarina S H Jesus
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elsa S Henriques
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Brito
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Serpa
- CQC, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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10
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Schaberle FA, Abreu AR, Gonçalves NPF, Sá GFF, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG. Ultrafast Dynamics of Manganese(III), Manganese(II), and Free-Base Bacteriochlorin: Is There Time for Photochemistry? Inorg Chem 2017; 56:2677-2689. [PMID: 28206747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Manganese(III) and manganese(II) complexes of halogenated sulfonamide tetraphenylbacteriochlorins were prepared for the first time via a transmetalation reaction and shown to be stable at room temperature. The behavior of the electronic states of the paramagnetic complexes is remarkably different from those of the metal-free bacteriochlorins or diamagnetic metallobacteriochlorins. The Mn3+ complex exhibits eight electronic transitions between different states from 300 to 1100 nm, with a very prominent band (molar absorption coefficient of ca. 50000 M-1 cm-1) at 829 nm. Ultrafast transient absorption showed the formation of an excited singquintet state that decays to a tripquintet state with a femtosecond lifetime. The tripquintet state decays in 5 ps, yielding a tripseptet state with a 570 ps lifetime. The electronic absorption of the Mn2+ complex more closely resembles those of diamagnetic metallobacteriochlorins, but the longest decay lifetime is only ca. 8 ps. The intense photoacoustic waves generated with near-infrared excitation suggest the use of these complexes in photoacoustic tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio A Schaberle
- Luzitin SA, Ed. Bluepharma , S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal.,Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur R Abreu
- Luzitin SA, Ed. Bluepharma , S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno P F Gonçalves
- Luzitin SA, Ed. Bluepharma , S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo F F Sá
- LaserLeap SA, IPN , R. Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Synthetic Chlorins, Possible Surrogates for Chlorophylls, Prepared by Derivatization of Porphyrins. Chem Rev 2016; 117:344-535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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12
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Gonçalves NPF, Simões AVC, Abreu AR, Abrunhosa AJ, Dąbrowski JM, Pereira MM. Synthesis and biological distribution study of a new carbon-11 labeled porphyrin for PET imaging. Photochemical and biological characterization of the non-labeled porphyrin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424615500728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ideal reaction conditions were found to promote the "cold" monomethylation of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin with CH 3 I , at minute time scale, in the presence of base. The photophysical characterization, cellular uptake and dark cytotoxicity of the resulting monomethylated porphyrin were appraised. Moreover, the syntheses of the corresponding labeled porphyrin, using short-lived carbon-11, prepared in the automated radiolabeling system were efficiently performed. The purification of the labeled product was achieved via preparative HPLC with high radiochemical purity and specific radioactivity. Preliminary studies on the biodistribution of 5,10,15-tris(3-hydroxyphenyl)-20-(3-[11C]methoxyphenyl)porphyrin carried out in a BALB/C normal mouse, using PET imaging, showed that the liver is the main pathway for excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno P. F. Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Currently at Luzitin SA, Ed. Bluepharma, 3045-016 São Martinho do Bispo - Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana V. C. Simões
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur R. Abreu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J. Abrunhosa
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Janusz M. Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariette M. Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Simões AVC, Pinto SMA, Calvete MJF, Gomes CMF, Ferreira NC, Castelo-Branco M, Llop J, Pereira MM, Abrunhosa AJ. Synthesis of a new 18F labeled porphyrin for potential application in positron emission tomography. In vivo imaging and cellular uptake. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis, labeling and initial biodistribution studies of a new [18F] radiolabeled meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (radiochemical purity >95%). Includes human bladder tumor cell uptake and biodistribution data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Célia M. F. Gomes
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
- IBILI - Faculty of Medicine
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
| | - Nuno C. Ferreira
- CNC-IBILI Consortium
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS)
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- CNC-IBILI Consortium
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS)
| | | | | | - Antero J. Abrunhosa
- CNC-IBILI Consortium
- University of Coimbra
- Coimbra
- Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS)
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14
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Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM, Silva EFF, Schaberle FA, Abreu AR, Rocha LB, Barsan MM, Urbańska K, Stochel G, Brett CMA. Photodynamic Therapy Efficacy Enhanced by Dynamics: The Role of Charge Transfer and Photostability in the Selection of Photosensitizers. Chemistry 2014; 20:5346-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Dudkin SV, Makarova EA, Slivka LK, Lukyanets EA. Synthesis and properties of tetra- and octacationicmeso-tetrakis(3-pyridyl)bacteriochlorin derivatives. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613501162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of new water-soluble tetra- and octacationic derivatives of meso-tetrakis(3-pyridyl)bacteriochlorin are reported. Tetracationic salt was synthesized by quaternization of the pyridine groups of starting bacteriochlorin with 1,4-dibromobutane. Octacationic salts were obtained by treating of tetracationic salt with excess of pyridine or N,N-dimethylaminoethanol. Zinc complexes of water-soluble bacteriochlorin derivatives were prepared by direct metalation of corresponding non-metal compounds with zinc acetylacetonate, unlike to neutral bacteriochlorin which forms zinc complex only by transmetalation of the corresponding cadmium complex. The new bacteriochlorins have strong absorption in red and NIR spectral region. Free-base BCs possess good stability in aqueous solutions as compared to their zinc complexes and efficiently generate singlet oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semyon V. Dudkin
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya ¼, 123995 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A. Makarova
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya ¼, 123995 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila K. Slivka
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya ¼, 123995 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Lukyanets
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya ¼, 123995 Moscow, Russia
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Makarova EA, Dudkin SV, Lukyanets EA. An efficient synthesis of metal-free tetraazachlorinsviaindium complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic route for the preparation of benzene or 1,2-naphthalene fused and phenyl substituted metal-free tetraazachlorins with yields up to 40% was developed using In ( III ) as a removable template. New substituted tribenzotetraazachlorins derivatives with tert-butyl and phenylsulfanyl groups in β and α position of fused benzene rings, correspondingly, were synthesized by novel approach and their spectral properties were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Makarova
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya ¼, 123995 Moscow, Russia
| | - Semyon V. Dudkin
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya ¼, 123995 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Lukyanets
- Organic Intermediates and Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya ¼, 123995 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Lim CK, Heo J, Shin S, Jeong K, Seo YH, Jang WD, Park CR, Park SY, Kim S, Kwon IC. Nanophotosensitizers toward advanced photodynamic therapy of Cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 334:176-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Sharma SK, Krayer M, Sperandio FF, Huang L, Huang YY, Holten D, Lindsey JS, Hamblin MR. Synthesis and evaluation of cationic bacteriochlorin amphiphiles with effective in vitro photodynamic activity against cancer cells at low nanomolar concentration. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013; 17:73-85. [PMID: 23956614 PMCID: PMC3742135 DOI: 10.1142/s108842461250126x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriochlorins are attractive candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their intense absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum where light transmission through tissue is maximal. Many naturally occurring bacteriochlorins are inherently unstable due to adventitious atmospheric oxidation. A de novo synthesis affords bacteriochlorins that contain a geminal dimethyl group in each reduced pyrrole ring to increase stability against oxidation. Here, three new synthetic bacteriochlorins, each bearing a single side-chain containing one or two positive charges, were investigated for their in vitro PDT activity against HeLa human cancer cells. All bacteriochlorins were active at low nanomolar concentration when activated with NIR light; those bearing a single positive charge exhibited faster uptake and higher activity. The bacteriochlorins were localized in mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum as shown by organelle specific fluorescent probes. Cell death was via apoptosis as shown by cell morphology and nuclear condensation. Taken together, the results show the importance of appropriate peripheral groups about a photosensitizer for effective PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulbha K. Sharma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael Krayer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Felipe F. Sperandio
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated College & Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Aesthetic and Plastic Center of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Amphiphilic meso(sulfonate ester fluoroaryl)porphyrins: refining the substituents of porphyrin derivatives for phototherapy and diagnostics. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Hajimohammadi M, Safari N. Photooxygenation of alkenes by molecular oxygen in the presence of porphyrins and chlorin sensitizers under visible light irradiation. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photooxidation of alkenes by molecular oxygen and visible light in the presence of tetraphenylporphyrin (H2TPP) , tetramesitylporphyrin (H2TMP) , tetrakis pentafluorophenylporphyrin (H2TPFPP) and tetrakis(2,3-dimetoxyphenyl)porphyrin T(2,3-OMeP)P and metalloporphyrins such as ClFeTPP , ClMnTMP , ClMnTPP , ClMnTPFPP , ClCoTPP and ZnTPP has been performed. Photooxidation of alkenes with tetraphenylchlorin (H2TPC) as the sensitizer with visible light has also been studied. The conversion rates for alkene oxidation were in the order of free-base porphyrins > chlorin > metalloporphyrins. In the presence of NaN3/Na2SO3 the yield of oxidation products and conversion percentage is considerably reduced, confirming involvement of 1O2 in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hajimohammadi
- Chemistry Department, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Evin, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Nasser Safari
- Chemistry Department, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, Evin, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran
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21
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Monteiro CJP, Pina J, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG. On the singlet states of porphyrins, chlorins and bacteriochlorins and their ability to harvest red/infrared light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1233-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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22
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Carneiro ZA, de Moraes JCB, Rodrigues FP, de Lima RG, Curti C, da Rocha ZN, Paulo M, Bendhack LM, Tedesco AC, Formiga ALB, da Silva RS. Photocytotoxic activity of a nitrosyl phthalocyanine ruthenium complex — A system capable of producing nitric oxide and singlet oxygen. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1035-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Dąbrowski JM, Krzykawska M, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Monteiro CJP, Simões S, Urbańska K, Stochel G. Tissue Uptake Study and Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma-Bearing Mice with a Nontoxic, Effective Chlorin. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1715-26. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Arnaut L, Pereira M, Simes S, Dabrowski J. Intracellular localization, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and PDT efficacy of photostable bacteriochlorins. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2011.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Dąbrowski JM, Urbanska K, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Abreu AR, Simões S, Stochel G. Biodistribution and photodynamic efficacy of a water-soluble, stable, halogenated bacteriochlorin against melanoma. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:465-75. [PMID: 21265022 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro phototoxicity of a photostable, synthetic, water-soluble, halogenated bacteriochlorin, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-chloro-5-sulfophenyl)bacteriochlorin (TCPBSO3H), toward mouse melanoma (S91) cells is ∼60-fold higher than that of the analogous porphyrin, and is associated with very weak toxicity in the dark; 90% of S91 cells were killed in response to a light dose of 0.26 J cm(-2) in the presence of [TCPBSO3H]=5 μM. In vivo toxicity toward DBA mice is very low, even at doses of 20 mg kg(-1). In vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TCPBSO3H were studied in DBA mice with S91 tumors; 24 h after intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg kg(-1), TCPBSO3H demonstrated preferential accumulation in S91 mouse melanoma, with tumor-to-normal tissue ratios of 3 and 5 for muscle and skin, respectively. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed under these conditions, with 90 mW cm(-2) diode laser irradiation at λ 750 nm for 20 min (total light dose of 108 J cm(-2)), resulted in tumor regression. Tumor recurrence was observed only approximately two months after treatment, confirming the efficacy of this PDT against melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz M Dąbrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
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26
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Dabrowski JM, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM, Monteiro CJP, Urbańska K, Simões S, Stochel G. New halogenated water-soluble chlorin and bacteriochlorin as photostable PDT sensitizers: synthesis, spectroscopy, photophysics, and in vitro photosensitizing efficacy. ChemMedChem 2011; 5:1770-80. [PMID: 20715283 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Chlorin and bacteriochlorin derivatives of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2-chloro-5-sulfophenyl)porphyrin have intense absorptions in the phototherapeutic window, high water solubility, high photostability, low fluorescence quantum yield, long triplet lifetimes, and high singlet oxygen quantum yields. Biological studies revealed their negligible dark cytotoxicity, yet significant photodynamic effect against A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma) and SK-MEL-188 (human melanoma) cell lines upon red light irradiation (cutoff λ<600 nm) at low light doses. Time-dependent cellular accumulation of the chlorinated sulfonated chlorin reached a plateau at 2 h, as previously observed for the related porphyrin. However, the optimal incubation time for the bacteriochlorin derivative was significantly longer (12 h). The spectroscopic, photophysical, and biological properties of the compounds are discussed in relevance to their PDT activity, leading to the conclusion that the bacteriochlorin derivative is a promising candidate for future in vivo experiments.
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Krayer M, Yang E, Diers JR, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. De novo synthesis and photophysical characterization of annulated bacteriochlorins. Mimicking and extending the properties of bacteriochlorophylls. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Design of porphyrin-based photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385904-4.00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Pereira MM, Monteiro CJ, Simões AV, Pinto SM, Abreu AR, Sá GF, Silva EF, Rocha LB, Dąbrowski JM, Formosinho SJ, Simões S, Arnaut LG. Synthesis and photophysical characterization of a library of photostable halogenated bacteriochlorins: an access to near infrared chemistry. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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30
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Silva EFF, Serpa C, Dabrowski JM, Monteiro CJP, Formosinho SJ, Stochel G, Urbanska K, Simões S, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG. Mechanisms of singlet-oxygen and superoxide-ion generation by porphyrins and bacteriochlorins and their implications in photodynamic therapy. Chemistry 2010; 16:9273-86. [PMID: 20572171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
New halogenated and sulfonated bacteriochlorins and their analogous porphyrins are employed as photosensitizers of singlet oxygen and the superoxide ion. The mechanisms of energy and electron transfer are clarified and the rates are measured. The intermediacy of a charge-transfer (CT) complex is proved for bacteriochlorins, but excluded for porphyrins. The energies of the intermediates and the rates of their interconversions are measured, and are used to obtain the efficiencies of all the processes. The mechanism of formation of the hydroxyl radical in the presence of bacteriochlorins is proposed to involve a photocatalytic step. The usefulness of these photosensitizers in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer is assessed, and the following recommendations are given for the design of more effective PDT protocols employing such photosensitizers: 1) light doses should be given over a more extended period of time when the photosensitizers form CT complexes with molecular oxygen, and 2) Fe(2+) may improve the efficiency of such photosensitizers if co-located in the same cell organelle assisting with an in vivo Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F F Silva
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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