1
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Lucas J, Geisler M. Plant Kinesin Repertoires Expand with New Domain Architecture and Contract with the Loss of Flagella. J Mol Evol 2024:10.1007/s00239-024-10178-9. [PMID: 38926179 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-024-10178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Kinesins are eukaryotic microtubule motor proteins subdivided into conserved families with distinct functional roles. While many kinesin families are widespread in eukaryotes, each organismal lineage maintains a unique kinesin repertoire composed of many families with distinct numbers of genes. Previous genomic surveys indicated that land plant kinesin repertoires differ markedly from other eukaryotes. To determine when repertoires diverged during plant evolution, we performed robust phylogenomic analyses of kinesins in 24 representative plants, two algae, two animals, and one yeast. These analyses show that kinesin repertoires expand and contract coincident with major shifts in the biology of algae and land plants. One kinesin family and five subfamilies, each defined by unique domain architectures, emerged in the green algae. Four of those kinesin groups expanded in ancestors of modern land plants, while six other kinesin groups were lost in the ancestors of pollen-bearing plants. Expansions of different kinesin families and subfamilies occurred in moss and angiosperm lineages. Other kinesin families remained stable and did not expand throughout plant evolution. Collectively these data support a radiation of kinesin domain architectures in algae followed by differential positive and negative selection on kinesins families and subfamilies in different lineages of land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lucas
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI, 54901, USA.
| | - Matt Geisler
- School of Biological Science, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 54901, USA
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2
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Mauceri A, Puccio G, Faddetta T, Abbate L, Polito G, Caldiero C, Renzone G, Lo Pinto M, Alibrandi P, Vaccaro E, Abenavoli MR, Scaloni A, Sunseri F, Cavalieri V, Palumbo Piccionello A, Gallo G, Mercati F. Integrated omics approach reveals the molecular pathways activated in tomato by Kocuria rhizophila, a soil plant growth-promoting bacterium. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108609. [PMID: 38615442 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Plant microbial biostimulants application has become a promising and eco-friendly agricultural strategy to improve crop yields, reducing chemical inputs for more sustainable cropping systems. The soil dwelling bacterium Kocuria rhizophila was previously characterized as Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) for its multiple PGP traits, such as indole-3-acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization capability and salt and drought stress tolerance. Here, we evaluated by a multi-omics approach, the PGP activity of K. rhizophila on tomato, revealing the molecular pathways by which it promotes plant growth. Transcriptomic analysis showed several up-regulated genes mainly related to amino acid metabolism, cell wall organization, lipid and secondary metabolism, together with a modulation in the DNA methylation profile, after PGPB inoculation. In agreement, proteins involved in photosynthesis, cell division, and plant growth were highly accumulated by K. rhizophila. Furthermore, "amino acid and peptides", "monosaccharides", and "TCA" classes of metabolites resulted the most affected by PGPB treatment, as well as dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter mediating plant growth through S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a gene enhancing the vegetative growth, up-regulated in tomato by K. rhizophila treatment. Interestingly, eight gene modules well correlated with differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) and metabolites (DAMs), among which two modules showed the highest correlation with nine proteins, including a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, as well as with several amino acids and metabolites involved in TCA cycle. Overall, our findings highlighted that sugars and amino acids, energy regulators, involved in tomato plant growth, were strongly modulated by the K. rhizophila-plant interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mauceri
- University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, AGRARIA Department, Località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puccio
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy; University of Palermo, SAAF Department, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Teresa Faddetta
- University of Palermo, STEBICEF Department, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Abbate
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Polito
- University of Palermo, STEBICEF Department, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ciro Caldiero
- University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, AGRARIA Department, Località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giovanni Renzone
- National Research Council, Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (ISPAAM), Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, (Napoli), Italy
| | - Margot Lo Pinto
- University of Palermo, STEBICEF Department, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Alibrandi
- Mugavero Teresa S.A.S., Corso Umberto e Margherita 1B, 90018, Termini Imerese, (Palermo), Italy
| | - Edoardo Vaccaro
- Mugavero Teresa S.A.S., Corso Umberto e Margherita 1B, 90018, Termini Imerese, (Palermo), Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, AGRARIA Department, Località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- National Research Council, Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (ISPAAM), Piazzale E. Fermi 1, 80055, Portici, (Napoli), Italy
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- University Mediterranea of Reggio Calabria, AGRARIA Department, Località Feo di Vito, 89122, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- University of Palermo, STEBICEF Department, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Gallo
- University of Palermo, STEBICEF Department, Viale Delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Mercati
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
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3
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Symonds K, Teresinski HJ, Hau B, Dwivedi V, Belausov E, Bar-Sinai S, Tominaga M, Haraguchi T, Sadot E, Ito K, Snedden WA. Functional characterization of calmodulin-like proteins, CML13 and CML14, as novel light chains of Arabidopsis class VIII myosins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2313-2329. [PMID: 38280207 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Myosins are important motor proteins that associate with the actin cytoskeleton. Structurally, myosins function as heteromeric complexes where smaller light chains, such as calmodulin (CaM), bind to isoleucine-glutamine (IQ) domains in the neck region to facilitate mechano-enzymatic activity. We recently identified Arabidopsis CaM-like (CML) proteins CML13 and CML14 as interactors of proteins containing multiple IQ domains, including a myosin VIII. Here, we demonstrate that CaM, CML13, and CML14 bind the neck region of all four Arabidopsis myosin VIII isoforms. Among CMLs tested for binding to myosins VIIIs, CaM, CML13, and CML14 gave the strongest signals using in planta split-luciferase protein interaction assays. In vitro, recombinant CaM, CML13, and CML14 showed specific, high-affinity, calcium-independent binding to the IQ domains of myosin VIIIs. CaM, CML13, and CML14 co-localized to plasma membrane-bound puncta when co-expressed with red fluorescent protein-myosin fusion proteins containing IQ and tail domains of myosin VIIIs. In vitro actin motility assays using recombinant myosin VIIIs demonstrated that CaM, CML13, and CML14 function as light chains. Suppression of CML13 or CML14 expression using RNA silencing resulted in a shortened-hypocotyl phenotype, similar to that observed in a quadruple myosin mutant, myosin viii4KO. Collectively, our data indicate that Arabidopsis CML13 and CML14 are novel myosin VIII light chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Symonds
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Bryan Hau
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vikas Dwivedi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Sefi Bar-Sinai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Einat Sadot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Volcani Institute, ARO, Rishon LeZion 7528809, Israel
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Wayne A Snedden
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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4
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Zhang X, Wang S, Zhang J, Wang H. Memory induced-mechanism of noise attenuator of myosin V molecular motors. Biosystems 2024; 237:105139. [PMID: 38336223 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Depending on the chemical energy from ATP hydrolysis, myosin V can drive the multistep and continuous coupled cycling process to transport cellular cargo to targeted regions. However, it is still obscure how the molecular memory induced by the multistep coupled transported process could regulate the dynamic behavior of the motor state of myosin V. Here, we propose a novel non-Markovian polymorphic mechanochemical model to investigate the effect of the molecular memory on the mechanic of noise attenuation of myosin V system. We first define an effective transition rate for a multistep coupled reaction process which is the function of memory and system states to transform equivalently the non-Markovian process into the classical Markov process. By noise decomposition technology, it is observed that both the intrinsic and extrinsic noises of the ADP-myosin V bound state (AM ⋅ ADP) exhibit a monotonically decreasing trend with lengthening the molecular memory. Molecular memory as a regulation factor can amplify the contribution of intrinsic noise to the overall noise while reducing the influence of extrinsic noise on the AM ⋅ ADP. Moreover, the modulation of molecular memory could induce stochastic focusing. These results indicate that the role of molecular memory in the myosin V state transition can not only offer a handle to maintain the robustness of the motion system but also serve as a paradigm for studying more complex molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Statistical Computation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- The School of Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Statistical Computation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haohua Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China; Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Engineering Modeling and Statistical Computation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Sen A, Chowdhury D, Kunwar A. Coordination, cooperation, competition, crowding and congestion of molecular motors: Theoretical models and computer simulations. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:563-650. [PMID: 38960486 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal motor proteins are biological nanomachines that convert chemical energy into mechanical work to carry out various functions such as cell division, cell motility, cargo transport, muscle contraction, beating of cilia and flagella, and ciliogenesis. Most of these processes are driven by the collective operation of several motors in the crowded viscous intracellular environment. Imaging and manipulation of the motors with powerful experimental probes have been complemented by mathematical analysis and computer simulations of the corresponding theoretical models. In this article, we illustrate some of the key theoretical approaches used to understand how coordination, cooperation and competition of multiple motors in the crowded intra-cellular environment drive the processes that are essential for biological function of a cell. In spite of the focus on theory, experimentalists will also find this article as an useful summary of the progress made so far in understanding multiple motor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Sen
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Debashish Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ambarish Kunwar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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6
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Koenig AM, Liu B, Hu J. Visualizing the dynamics of plant energy organelles. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2029-2040. [PMID: 37975429 PMCID: PMC10754284 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant organelles predominantly rely on the actin cytoskeleton and the myosin motors for long-distance trafficking, while using microtubules and the kinesin motors mostly for short-range movement. The distribution and motility of organelles in the plant cell are fundamentally important to robust plant growth and defense. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes are essential organelles in plants that function independently and coordinately during energy metabolism and other key metabolic processes. In response to developmental and environmental stimuli, these energy organelles modulate their metabolism, morphology, abundance, distribution and motility in the cell to meet the need of the plant. Consistent with their metabolic links in processes like photorespiration and fatty acid mobilization is the frequently observed inter-organellar physical interaction, sometimes through organelle membranous protrusions. The development of various organelle-specific fluorescent protein tags has allowed the simultaneous visualization of organelle movement in living plant cells by confocal microscopy. These energy organelles display an array of morphology and movement patterns and redistribute within the cell in response to changes such as varying light conditions, temperature fluctuations, ROS-inducible treatments, and during pollen tube development and immune response, independently or in association with one another. Although there are more reports on the mechanism of chloroplast movement than that of peroxisomes and mitochondria, our knowledge of how and why these three energy organelles move and distribute in the plant cell is still scarce at the functional and mechanistic level. It is critical to identify factors that control organelle motility coupled with plant growth, development, and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Koenig
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jianping Hu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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7
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Gonzalez JP, Frandsen KEH, Kesten C. The role of intrinsic disorder in binding of plant microtubule-associated proteins to the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:404-436. [PMID: 37578201 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) represent one of the main components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton and support numerous critical cellular functions. MTs are in principle tube-like structures that can grow and shrink in a highly dynamic manner; a process largely controlled by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). Plant MAPs are a phylogenetically diverse group of proteins that nonetheless share many common biophysical characteristics and often contain large stretches of intrinsic protein disorder. These intrinsically disordered regions are determinants of many MAP-MT interactions, in which structural flexibility enables low-affinity protein-protein interactions that enable a fine-tuned regulation of MT cytoskeleton dynamics. Notably, intrinsic disorder is one of the major obstacles in functional and structural studies of MAPs and represents the principal present-day challenge to decipher how MAPs interact with MTs. Here, we review plant MAPs from an intrinsic protein disorder perspective, by providing a complete and up-to-date summary of all currently known members, and address the current and future challenges in functional and structural characterization of MAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordy Perez Gonzalez
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Christopher Kesten
- Department for Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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8
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Zuccarelli R, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Silva FO, Gomes LDL, Lopes-Oliveira PJ, Zsögön A, Andrade SCS, Demarco D, Corpas FJ, Peres LEP, Rossi M, Freschi L. Loss of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase disturbs phytohormone homeostasis and regulates shoot side branching and fruit growth in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6349-6368. [PMID: 37157899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
S-Nitrosoglutathione plays a central role in nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis, and S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) regulates the cellular levels of S-nitrosoglutathione across kingdoms. Here, we investigated the role of endogenous NO in shaping shoot architecture and controlling fruit set and growth in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). SlGSNOR silencing promoted shoot side branching and led to reduced fruit size, negatively impacting fruit yield. Greatly intensified in slgsnor knockout plants, these phenotypical changes were virtually unaffected by SlGSNOR overexpression. Silencing or knocking out of SlGSNOR intensified protein tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation and led to aberrant auxin production and signaling in leaf primordia and fruit-setting ovaries, besides restricting the shoot basipetal polar auxin transport stream. SlGSNOR deficiency triggered extensive transcriptional reprogramming at early fruit development, reducing pericarp cell proliferation due to restrictions on auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin production and signaling. Abnormal chloroplast development and carbon metabolism were also detected in early-developing NO-overaccumulating fruits, possibly limiting energy supply and building blocks for fruit growth. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which endogenous NO fine-tunes the delicate hormonal network controlling shoot architecture, fruit set, and post-anthesis fruit development, emphasizing the relevance of NO-auxin interaction for plant development and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Zuccarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda O Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia D L Gomes
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia J Lopes-Oliveira
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Sónia C S Andrade
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Demarco
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Lázaro E P Peres
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Lucas JR, Shaw SL. Overlapping Localization of MAP65-2, -6, and -7 in Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Cells. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000971. [PMID: 38021169 PMCID: PMC10630750 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are essential components of eukaryotic cells. Myriad proteins associate with microtubules to facilitate the organization and operation of microtubule arrays. Various M icrotubule A ssociated P roteins (MAPs) assist the assembly and function of mitotic spindles and interphase arrays. Nine MAP65 genes exist in the genome of the acentrosomal model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, and the function of majority of these proteins is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we demonstrate the localization of A. thaliana MAP65-6 and MAP65-7 fusion proteins expressed from native promoters in interphase cells of developing A. thaliana seedlings. Analyses of these fusion proteins co-expressed with alpha-tubulin 6 reporters indicate that MAP65-6 and MAP65-7 bind a subset of interphase microtubules. Co-expression of GFP: MAP65-6 with mCherry: MAP65-2 from native promoters in A. thaliana showed overlapping localization patterns on interphase microtubule bundles. Collectively, these data suggested that MAP65-2 , -6, and -7 bind cortical microtubule bundles in plant interphase microtubule arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sidney L Shaw
- Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
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10
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Mennona NJ, Sedelnikova A, Echchgadda I, Losert W. Filament displacement image analytics tool for use in investigating dynamics of dense microtubule networks. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034411. [PMID: 37849213 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The fate and motion of cells is influenced by a variety of physical characteristics of their microenvironments. Traditionally, mechanobiology focuses on external mechanical phenomena such as cell movement and environmental sensing. However, cells are inherently dynamic, where internal waves and internal oscillations are a hallmark of living cells observed under a microscope. We propose that these internal mechanical rhythms provide valuable information about cell health. Therefore, it is valuable to capture the rhythms inside cells and quantify how drugs or physical interventions affect a cell's internal dynamics. One of the key dynamical entities inside cells is the microtubule network. Typically, microtubule dynamics are measured by end-protein tracking. In contrast, this paper introduces an easy-to-implement approach to measure the lateral motion of the microtubule filaments embedded within dense networks with (at least) confocal resolution image sequences. Our tool couples the computer vision algorithm Optical Flow with an anisotropic, rotating Laplacian of Gaussian filtering to characterize the lateral motion of dense microtubule networks. We then showcase additional image analytics used to understand the effect of microtubule orientation and regional location on lateral motion. We argue that our tool and these additional metrics provide a fuller picture of the active forcing environment within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mennona
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Deptartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Anna Sedelnikova
- Science Applications International Corporation, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA
| | - Ibtissam Echchgadda
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Radio Frequency Bioeffects Branch, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Deptartment of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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11
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Nan Q, Liang H, Mendoza J, Liu L, Fulzele A, Wright A, Bennett EJ, Rasmussen CG, Facette MR. The OPAQUE1/DISCORDIA2 myosin XI is required for phragmoplast guidance during asymmetric cell division in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2678-2693. [PMID: 37017144 PMCID: PMC10291028 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Formative asymmetric divisions produce cells with different fates and are critical for development. We show the maize (Zea mays) myosin XI protein, OPAQUE1 (O1), is necessary for asymmetric divisions during maize stomatal development. We analyzed stomatal precursor cells before and during asymmetric division to determine why o1 mutants have abnormal division planes. Cell polarization and nuclear positioning occur normally in the o1 mutant, and the future site of division is correctly specified. The defect in o1 becomes apparent during late cytokinesis, when the phragmoplast forms the nascent cell plate. Initial phragmoplast guidance in o1 is normal; however, as phragmoplast expansion continues o1 phragmoplasts become misguided. To understand how O1 contributes to phragmoplast guidance, we identified O1-interacting proteins. Maize kinesins related to the Arabidopsis thaliana division site markers PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESINs (POKs), which are also required for correct phragmoplast guidance, physically interact with O1. We propose that different myosins are important at multiple steps of phragmoplast expansion, and the O1 actin motor and POK-like microtubule motors work together to ensure correct late-stage phragmoplast guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Janette Mendoza
- Department of Botany, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Michelle R Facette
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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12
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Uyehara AN, Rasmussen CG. Redundant mechanisms in division plane positioning. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151308. [PMID: 36921356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redundancies in plant cell division contribute to the maintenance of proper division plane orientation. Here we highlight three types of redundancy: 1) Temporal redundancy, or correction of earlier defects that results in proper final positioning, 2) Genetic redundancy, or functional compensation by homologous genes, and 3) Synthetic redundancy, or redundancy within or between pathways that contribute to proper division plane orientation. Understanding the types of redundant mechanisms involved provides insight into current models of division plane orientation and opens up new avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee N Uyehara
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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13
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Müller S. Assessment of Spindle Shape Control by Spindle Poleward Flux Measurements and FRAP Bulk Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:113-125. [PMID: 36773229 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the segregation of genetic material is achieved by an acentrosomal, mitotic spindle. This macromolecular machinery consists of different microtubule subpopulations and interacting proteins. The majority of what we know about the assembly and shape control of the mitotic spindle arose from vertebrate model systems. The dynamic properties of the individual tubulin polymers are crucial for the accurate assembly of the spindle array and are modulated by microtubule-associated motor and non-motor proteins. The mitotic spindle relies on a phenomenon called poleward microtubule flux that is critical to establish spindle shape, chromosome alignment, and segregation. This flux is under control of the non-motor microtubule-associated proteins and force-generating motors. Despite the large number of (plant-specific) kinesin motor proteins expressed during mitosis, their mitotic roles remain largely elusive. Moreover, reports on mitotic spindle formation and shape control in higher plants are scarce. In this chapter, an overview of the basic principles and methods concerning live imaging of prometa- and metaphase spindles and the analysis of spindle microtubule flux using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Müller
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Ito Y, Uemura T. Super resolution live imaging: The key for unveiling the true dynamics of membrane traffic around the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1100757. [PMID: 36618665 PMCID: PMC9818705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the relatively static image of the plants, the world inside each cell is surprisingly dynamic. Membrane-bounded organelles move actively on the cytoskeletons and exchange materials by vesicles, tubules, or direct contact between each other. In order to understand what is happening during those events, it is essential to visualize the working components in vivo. After the breakthrough made by the application of fluorescent proteins, the development of light microscopy enabled many discoveries in cell biology, including those about the membrane traffic in plant cells. Especially, super-resolution microscopy, which is becoming more and more accessible, is now one of the most powerful techniques. However, although the spatial resolution has improved a lot, there are still some difficulties in terms of the temporal resolution, which is also a crucial parameter for the visualization of the living nature of the intracellular structures. In this review, we will introduce the super resolution microscopy developed especially for live-cell imaging with high temporal resolution, and show some examples that were made by this tool in plant membrane research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Institute for Human Life Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Uemura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Ahmad HM, Alafari HA, Fiaz S, Alshaya DS, Toor S, Ijaz M, Rasool N, Attia KA, Zaynab M, Azmat S, Abushady AM, Chen Y. Genome-wide comparison and identification of myosin gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana and Helianthus annuus. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12070. [PMID: 36561675 PMCID: PMC9763749 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosins are essential components of organelle trafficking in all the eukaryotic cells. Myosin driven movement plays a vital role in the development of pollen tubes, root hairs and root tips of flowering plants. The present research characterized the myosin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Helianthus annuus by using different computational tools. We discovered a total of 50 myosin genes and their splice variants in both pant species. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that myosin genes were divided into four subclasses. Chromosomal location revealed that myosin genes were located on all five chromosomes in A. thaliana, whereas they were present on nine chromosomes in H. annuus. Conserved motifs showed that conserved regions were closely similar within subgroups. Gene structure analysis showed that Atmyosin2.2 and Atmyosin2.3 had the highest number of introns/exons. Gene ontology analysis indicated that myosin genes were involved in vesicle transport along actin filament and cytoskeleton trafficking. Expression analysis showed that expression of myosin genes was higher during the flowering stage as compared to the seedling and budding stages. Tissue specific expression indicated that HanMYOSIN11.2, HanMYOSIN16.2 were highly expressed in stamen, whereas HanMYOSIN 2.2, HanMYOSIN 12.1 and HanMYOSIN 17.1 showed higher expression in nectary. This study enhance our understanding the function of myosins in plant development, and forms the basis for future research about the comparative genomics of plant myosin in other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Hayat Ali Alafari
- Deparment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan,Corresponding author.
| | - Dalal S. Alshaya
- Deparment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sidra Toor
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Ijaz
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Nouman Rasool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455-11451, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Department of Rice Biotechnology, RRTC, Institute of Field Crops, ARC, Sakha, 33177, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Madiha Zaynab
- College of Life Science & Oceanography, Shenzhen University, China
| | - Saira Azmat
- Agriculture Extension and Adaptive Research, Agriculture Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asmaa M. Abushady
- Biotechnology School, Nile University, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Giza, 12588, Egypt,Department of Genetics, Agriculture College, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yinglong Chen
- School of Earth and Environment and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Chen B, Dang X, Bai W, Liu M, Li Y, Zhu L, Yang Y, Yu P, Ren H, Huang D, Pan X, Wang H, Qin Y, Feng S, Wang Q, Lin D. The IPGA1-ANGUSTIFOLIA module regulates microtubule organisation and pavement cell shape in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1310-1325. [PMID: 35975703 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells continuously experience mechanical stress resulting from the cell wall that bears internal turgor pressure. Cortical microtubules align with the predicted maximal tensile stress direction to guide cellulose biosynthesis and therefore results in cell wall reinforcement. We have previously identified Increased Petal Growth Anisotropy (IPGA1) as a putative microtubule-associated protein in Arabidopsis, but the function of IPGA1 remains unclear. Here, using the Arabidopsis cotyledon pavement cell as a model, we demonstrated that IPGA1 forms protein granules and interacts with ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN) to cooperatively regulate microtubule organisation in response to stress. Application of mechanical perturbations, such as cell ablation, led to microtubule reorganisation into aligned arrays in wild-type cells. This microtubule response to stress was enhanced in the IPGA1 loss-of-function mutant. Mechanical perturbations promoted the formation of IPGA1 granules on microtubules. We further showed that IPGA1 physically interacted with AN both in vitro and on microtubules. The ipga1 mutant alleles exhibited reduced interdigitated growth of pavement cells, with smooth shape. IPGA1 and AN had a genetic interaction in regulating pavement cell shape. Furthermore, IPGA1 genetically and physically interacted with the microtubule-severing enzyme KATANIN. We propose that the IPGA1-AN module regulates microtubule organisation and pavement cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binqing Chen
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xie Dang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wenting Bai
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Min Liu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ying Li
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lilan Zhu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yanqiu Yang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Peihang Yu
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huibo Ren
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dingquan Huang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Haifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shiliang Feng
- Smart Materials and Advanced Structure Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- Basic Forestry and Proteomic Research Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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17
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Intracellular infection by symbiotic bacteria requires the mitotic kinase AURORA1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202606119. [PMID: 36252014 PMCID: PMC9618073 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202606119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The subcellular events occurring in cells of legume plants as they form transcellular symbiotic-infection structures have been compared with those occurring in premitotic cells. Here, we demonstrate that Aurora kinase 1 (AUR1), a highly conserved mitotic regulator, is required for intracellular infection by rhizobia in Medicago truncatula. AUR1 interacts with microtubule-associated proteins of the TPXL and MAP65 families, which, respectively, activate and are phosphorylated by AUR1, and localizes with them within preinfection structures. MYB3R1, a rhizobia-induced mitotic transcription factor, directly regulates AUR1 through two closely spaced, mitosis-specific activator cis elements. Our data are consistent with a model in which the MYB3R1-AUR1 regulatory module serves to properly orient preinfection structures to direct the transcellular deposition of cell wall material for the growing infection thread, analogous to its role in cell plate formation. Our findings indicate that the eukaryotically conserved MYB3R1-TPXL-AUR1-MAP65 mitotic module was conscripted to support endosymbiotic infection in legumes.
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18
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Koç A, De Storme N. Structural regulation and dynamic behaviour of organelles during plant meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:925789. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.925789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes use various mechanisms to maintain cell division stability during sporogenesis, and in particular during meiosis to achieve production of haploid spores. In addition to establishing even chromosome segregation in meiosis I and II, it is crucial for meiotic cells to guarantee balanced partitioning of organelles to the daughter cells, to properly inherit cellular functions. In plants, cytological studies in model systems have yielded insights into the meiotic behaviour of different organelles, i.e., clearly revealing a distinct organization at different stages throughout meiosis indicating for an active regulatory mechanism determining their subcellular dynamics. However, how, and why plant meiocytes organize synchronicity of these elements and whether this is conserved across all plant genera is still not fully elucidated. It is generally accepted that the highly programmed intracellular behaviour of organelles during meiosis serves to guarantee balanced cytoplasmic inheritance. However, recent studies also indicate that it contributes to the regulation of key meiotic processes, like the organization of cell polarity and spindle orientation, thus exhibiting different functionalities than those characterized in mitotic cell division. In this review paper, we will outline the current knowledge on organelle dynamics in plant meiosis and discuss the putative strategies that the plant cell uses to mediate this programmed spatio-temporal organization in order to safeguard balanced separation of organelles. Particular attention is thereby given to putative molecular mechanisms that underlie this dynamic organelle organization taken into account existing variations in the meiotic cell division program across different plant types. Furthermore, we will elaborate on the structural role of organelles in plant meiosis and discuss on organelle-based cellular mechanisms that contribute to the organization and molecular coordination of key meiotic processes, including spindle positioning, chromosome segregation and cell division. Overall, this review summarizes all relevant insights on the dynamic behaviour and inheritance of organelles during plant meiosis, and discusses on their functional role in the structural and molecular regulation of meiotic cell division.
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19
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Kastner C, Wagner VC, Fratini M, Dobritzsch D, Fuszard M, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. The pollen-specific class VIII-myosin ATM2 from Arabidopsis thaliana associates with the plasma membrane through a polybasic region binding anionic phospholipids. Biochimie 2022; 203:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Acevedo-Garcia J, Walden K, Leissing F, Baumgarten K, Drwiega K, Kwaaitaal M, Reinstädler A, Freh M, Dong X, James GV, Baus LC, Mascher M, Stein N, Schneeberger K, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Kollmar M, Schulze-Lefert P, Panstruga R. Barley Ror1 encodes a class XI myosin required for mlo-based broad-spectrum resistance to the fungal powdery mildew pathogen. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:84-103. [PMID: 35916711 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-function alleles of plant MLO genes confer broad-spectrum resistance to powdery mildews in many eudicot and monocot species. Although barley (Hordeum vulgare) mlo mutants have been used in agriculture for more than 40 years, understanding of the molecular principles underlying this type of disease resistance remains fragmentary. Forward genetic screens in barley have revealed mutations in two Required for mlo resistance (Ror) genes that partially impair immunity conferred by mlo mutants. While Ror2 encodes a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attached protein receptor (SNARE), the identity of Ror1, located at the pericentromeric region of barley chromosome 1H, remained elusive. We report the identification of Ror1 based on combined barley genomic sequence information and transcriptomic data from ror1 mutant plants. Ror1 encodes the barley class XI myosin Myo11A (HORVU.MOREX.r3.1HG0046420). Single amino acid substitutions of this myosin, deduced from non-functional ror1 mutant alleles, map to the nucleotide-binding region and the interface between the relay-helix and the converter domain of the motor protein. Ror1 myosin accumulates transiently in the course of powdery mildew infection. Functional fluorophore-labeled Ror1 variants associate with mobile intracellular compartments that partially colocalize with peroxisomes. Single-cell expression of the Ror1 tail region causes a dominant-negative effect that phenocopies ror1 loss-of-function mutants. We define a myosin motor for the establishment of mlo-mediated resistance, suggesting that motor protein-driven intracellular transport processes are critical for extracellular immunity, possibly through the targeted transfer of antifungal and/or cell wall cargoes to pathogen contact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Acevedo-Garcia
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim Walden
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franz Leissing
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kira Baumgarten
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Drwiega
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Kwaaitaal
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Reinstädler
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Freh
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Geo Velikkakam James
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa C Baus
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Center of integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Von Siebold Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Schneeberger
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nahal Brocke-Ahmadinejad
- INRES Crop Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 2, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Kollmar
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Group Systems Biology of Motor Proteins, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralph Panstruga
- Unit of Plant Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
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Pasten MC, Carballo J, Gallardo J, Zappacosta D, Selva JP, Rodrigo JM, Echenique V, Garbus I. A combined transcriptome - miRNAome approach revealed that a kinesin gene is differentially targeted by a novel miRNA in an apomictic genotype of Eragrostis curvula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1012682. [PMID: 36247597 PMCID: PMC9563718 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1012682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula [Shrad.] Nees) is a perennial grass typically established in semi-arid regions, with good adaptability to dry conditions and sandy soils. This polymorphic complex includes both sexual and apomictic cytotypes, with different ploidy levels (2x-8x). Diploids are known to be sexual, while most polyploids are facultative apomicts, and full apomicts have also been reported. Plant breeding studies throughout the years have focused on achieving the introgression of apomixis into species of agricultural relevance, but, given the complexity of the trait, a deeper understanding of the molecular basis of regulatory mechanisms of apomixis is still required. Apomixis is thought to be associated with silencing or disruption of the sexual pathway, and studies have shown it is influenced by epigenetic mechanisms. In a previous study, we explored the role of miRNA-mRNA interactions using two contrasting E. curvula phenotypes. Here, the sexual OTA-S, the facultative Don Walter and the obligate apomictic Tanganyika cDNA and sRNA libraries were inquired, searching for miRNA discovery and miRNA expression regulation of genes related to the reproductive mode. This allowed for the characterization of seven miRNAs and the validation of their miRNA-target interactions. Interestingly, a kinesin gene was found to be repressed in the apomictic cultivar Tanganyika, targeted by a novel miRNA that was found to be overexpressed in this genotype, suggestive of an involvement in the reproductive mode expression. Our work provided additional evidence of the contribution of the epigenetic regulation of the apomictic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cielo Pasten
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - José Carballo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jimena Gallardo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Diego Zappacosta
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Selva
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Rodrigo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Viviana Echenique
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ingrid Garbus
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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22
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Brueggeman JM, Windham IA, Nebenführ A. Nuclear movement in growing Arabidopsis root hairs involves both actin filaments and microtubules. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5388-5399. [PMID: 35554524 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear migration during growth and development is a conserved phenomenon among many eukaryotic species. In Arabidopsis, movement of the nucleus is important for root hair growth, but the detailed mechanism behind this movement is not well known. Previous studies in different cell types have reported that the myosin XI-I motor protein is responsible for this nuclear movement by attaching to the nuclear transmembrane protein complex WIT1/WIT2. Here, we analyzed nuclear movement in growing root hairs of wild-type, myosin xi-i, and wit1 wit2 Arabidopsis lines in the presence of actin and microtubule-disrupting inhibitors to determine the individual effects of actin filaments and microtubules on nuclear movement. We discovered that forward nuclear movement during root hair growth can occur in the absence of myosin XI-I, suggesting the presence of an alternative actin-based mechanism that mediates rapid nuclear displacements. By quantifying nuclear movements with high temporal resolution during the initial phase of inhibitor treatment, we determined that microtubules work to dampen erratic nuclear movements during root hair growth. We also observed microtubule-dependent backwards nuclear movement when actin filaments were impaired in the absence of myosin XI-I, indicating the presence of complex interactions between the cytoskeletal arrays during nuclear movements in growing root hairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Brueggeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Ian A Windham
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andreas Nebenführ
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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23
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Chen G, Xuan W, Zhao P, Yao X, Peng C, Tian Y, Ye J, Wang B, He J, Chi W, Yu J, Ge Y, Li J, Dai Z, Xu D, Wang C, Wan J. OsTUB1 confers salt insensitivity by interacting with Kinesin13A to stabilize microtubules and ion transporters in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1836-1852. [PMID: 35643887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth and development. Although microtubule (MT) organization is known to be involved in response to salt stress, few tubulin genes have been identified that confer salt insensitivity in plants. In this study, we identified a MT encoding gene, OsTUB1, that increased the survival rate of rice plants under salt stress by stabilizing MT organization and ion transporters. We found that OsTUB1 interacted with Kinesin13A protein, which was essential for OsTUB1-regulated MT organization under salt stress. Further molecular evidence revealed that a OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex protected rice from salt stress by sustaining membrane-localized Na+ transporter OsHKT1;5, a key regulator of ionic homeostasis. Our results shed light on the function of tubulin and kinesin in regulating MT organization and stabilizing Na+ transporters and Na+ flux at the plasma membrane in rice. The identification of the OsTUB1-Kinesin13A complex provides novel genes for salt insensitivity rice breeding in areas with high soil salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pingzhi Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiangmei Yao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Ye
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Baoxiang Wang
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenchao Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dayong Xu
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Science, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, 222000, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Southern Japonica Rice R&D Corporation Ltd, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Japonica Rice in the Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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24
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Fall Applications of Ethephon Modulates Gene Networks Controlling Bud Development during Dormancy in Peach ( Prunus Persica). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126801. [PMID: 35743242 PMCID: PMC9224305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethephon (ET) is an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator (PGR) that can delay the bloom time in Prunus, thus reducing the risk of spring frost, which is exacerbated by global climate change. However, the adoption of ET is hindered by its detrimental effects on tree health. Little knowledge is available regarding the mechanism of how ET shifts dormancy and flowering phenology in peach. This study aimed to further characterize the dormancy regulation network at the transcriptional level by profiling the gene expression of dormant peach buds from ET-treated and untreated trees using RNA-Seq data. The results revealed that ET triggered stress responses during endodormancy, delaying biological processes related to cell division and intercellular transportation, which are essential for the floral organ development. During ecodormancy, ET mainly impeded pathways related to antioxidants and cell wall formation, both of which are closely associated with dormancy release and budburst. In contrast, the expression of dormancy-associated MADS (DAM) genes remained relatively unaffected by ET, suggesting their conserved nature. The findings of this study signify the importance of floral organogenesis during dormancy and shed light on several key processes that are subject to the influence of ET, therefore opening up new avenues for the development of effective strategies to mitigate frost risks.
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25
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Yi P, Goshima G. Division site determination during asymmetric cell division in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2120-2139. [PMID: 35201345 PMCID: PMC9134084 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
During development, both animals and plants exploit asymmetric cell division (ACD) to increase tissue complexity, a process that usually generates cells dissimilar in size, morphology, and fate. Plants lack the key regulators that control ACD in animals. Instead, plants have evolved two unique cytoskeletal structures to tackle this problem: the preprophase band (PPB) and phragmoplast. The assembly of the PPB and phragmoplast and their contributions to division plane orientation have been extensively studied. However, how the division plane is positioned off the cell center during asymmetric division is poorly understood. Over the past 20 years, emerging evidence points to a critical role for polarly localized membrane proteins in this process. Although many of these proteins are species- or cell type specific, and the molecular mechanism underlying division asymmetry is not fully understood, common features such as morphological changes in cells, cytoskeletal dynamics, and nuclear positioning have been observed. In this review, we provide updates on polarity establishment and nuclear positioning during ACD in plants. Together with previous findings about symmetrically dividing cells and the emerging roles of developmental cues, we aim to offer evolutionary insight into a common framework for asymmetric division-site determination and highlight directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba 517-0004, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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26
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Abstract
In contrast to well-studied fungal and animal cells, plant cells assemble bipolar spindles that exhibit a great deal of plasticity in the absence of structurally defined microtubule-organizing centers like the centrosome. While plants employ some evolutionarily conserved proteins to regulate spindle morphogenesis and remodeling, many essential spindle assembly factors found in vertebrates are either missing or not required for producing the plant bipolar microtubule array. Plants also produce proteins distantly related to their fungal and animal counterparts to regulate critical events such as the spindle assembly checkpoint. Plant spindle assembly initiates with microtubule nucleation on the nuclear envelope followed by bipolarization into the prophase spindle. After nuclear envelope breakdown, kinetochore fibers are assembled and unified into the spindle apparatus with convergent poles. Of note, compared to fungal and animal systems, relatively little is known about how plant cells remodel the spindle microtubule array during anaphase. Uncovering mitotic functions of novel proteins for spindle assembly in plants will illuminate both common and divergent mechanisms employed by different eukaryotic organisms to segregate genetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA; ,
| | - Yuh-Ru Julie Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA; ,
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27
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Boualem A, Berthet S, Devani RS, Camps C, Fleurier S, Morin H, Troadec C, Giovinazzo N, Sari N, Dogimont C, Bendahmane A. Ethylene plays a dual role in sex determination and fruit shape in cucurbits. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2390-2401.e4. [PMID: 35525245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Shapes of vegetables and fruits are the result of adaptive evolution and human selection. Modules controlling organ shape have been identified. However, little is known about signals coordinating organ development and shape. Here, we describe the characterization of a melon mutation rf1, leading to round fruit. Histological analysis of rf1 flower and fruits revealed fruit shape is determined at flower stage 8, after sex determination and before flower fertilization. Using positional cloning, we identified the causal gene as the monoecy sex determination gene CmACS7, and survey of melon germplasms showed strong association between fruit shape and sexual types. We show that CmACS7-mediated ethylene production in carpel primordia enhances cell expansion and represses cell division, leading to elongated fruit. Cell size is known to rise as a result of endoreduplication. At stage 8 and anthesis, we found no variation in ploidy levels between female and hermaphrodite flowers, ruling out endoreduplication as a factor in fruit shape determination. To pinpoint the gene networks controlling elongated versus round fruit phenotype, we analyzed the transcriptomes of laser capture microdissected carpels of wild-type and rf1 mutant. These high-resolution spatiotemporal gene expression dynamics revealed the implication of two regulatory modules. The first module implicates E2F-DP transcription factors, controlling cell elongation versus cell division. The second module implicates OVATE- and TRM5-related proteins, controlling cell division patterns. Our finding highlights the dual role of ethylene in the inhibition of the stamina development and the elongation of ovary and fruit in cucurbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Serge Berthet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ravi Sureshbhai Devani
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Celine Camps
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sebastien Fleurier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Halima Morin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Christelle Troadec
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Nathalie Giovinazzo
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Nebahat Sari
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Catherine Dogimont
- INRAE GAFL, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif sur Yvette, France.
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28
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Bai J, Wang Y, Liu Z, Guo H, Zhang F, Guo L, Yuan S, Duan W, Li Y, Tan Z, Zhao C, Zhang L. Global survey of alternative splicing and gene modules associated with fertility regulation in a thermosensitive genic male sterile wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2157-2174. [PMID: 34849734 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermosensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) wheat lines are the core of two-line hybrid systems. Understanding the mechanism that regulates male sterility in TGMS wheat lines is helpful for promoting wheat breeding. Several studies have obtained information regarding the mechanisms associated with male sterility at the transcriptional level, but it is not clear how the post-transcriptional process of alternative splicing might contribute to controlling male sterility. In this study, we performed genome-wide analyses of alternative splicing during the meiosis stage in TGMS line BS366 using PacBio and RNA-Seq hybrid sequencing. Cytological observations indicated that cytoskeleton assembly in pollen cells, calcium deposition in pollen and tapetal cells, and vesicle transport in tapetal cells were deficient in BS366. According to our cytological findings, 49 differentially spliced genes were isolated. Moreover, 25 long non-coding RNA targets and three bHLH transcription factors were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis detected four candidate differentially spliced genes that had strong co-relation with the seed setting percentage, which is the direct representation of male sterility in BS366. In this study, we obtained comprehensive data regarding the alternative splicing-mediated regulation of male sterility in TGMS wheat. The candidates identified may provide the molecular basis for an improved understanding of male sterility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Bai
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Yukun Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NARA 630-0192, Japan
| | - Zihan Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Fengting Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Shaohua Yuan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Wenjing Duan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Zhaoguo Tan
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Changping Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing 10097, China
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29
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Gu Y, Rasmussen CG. Cell biology of primary cell wall synthesis in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:103-128. [PMID: 34613413 PMCID: PMC8774047 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Building a complex structure such as the cell wall, with many individual parts that need to be assembled correctly from distinct sources within the cell, is a well-orchestrated process. Additional complexity is required to mediate dynamic responses to environmental and developmental cues. Enzymes, sugars, and other cell wall components are constantly and actively transported to and from the plasma membrane during diffuse growth. Cell wall components are transported in vesicles on cytoskeletal tracks composed of microtubules and actin filaments. Many of these components, and additional proteins, vesicles, and lipids are trafficked to and from the cell plate during cytokinesis. In this review, we first discuss how the cytoskeleton is initially organized to add new cell wall material or to build a new cell wall, focusing on similarities during these processes. Next, we discuss how polysaccharides and enzymes that build the cell wall are trafficked to the correct location by motor proteins and through other interactions with the cytoskeleton. Finally, we discuss some of the special features of newly formed cell walls generated during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Author for correspondence: (Y.G.), (C.G.R.)
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30
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Nakamura M, Yagi N, Hashimoto T. Finding a right place to cut: How katanin is targeted to cellular severing sites. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e8. [PMID: 37077970 PMCID: PMC10095862 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule severing by katanin plays key roles in generating various array patterns of dynamic microtubules, while also responding to developmental and environmental stimuli. Quantitative imaging and molecular genetic analyses have uncovered that dysfunction of microtubule severing in plant cells leads to defects in anisotropic growth, division and other cell processes. Katanin is targeted to several subcellular severing sites. Intersections of two crossing cortical microtubules attract katanin, possibly by using local lattice deformation as a landmark. Cortical microtubule nucleation sites on preexisting microtubules are targeted for katanin-mediated severing. An evolutionary conserved microtubule anchoring complex not only stabilises the nucleated site, but also subsequently recruits katanin for timely release of a daughter microtubule. During cytokinesis, phragmoplast microtubules are severed at distal zones by katanin, which is tethered there by plant-specific microtubule-associated proteins. Recruitment and activation of katanin are essential for maintenance and reorganisation of plant microtubule arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Nakamura
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Authors for correspondence: M. Nakamura and T. Hashimoto, E-mail: ,
| | - Noriyoshi Yagi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Authors for correspondence: M. Nakamura and T. Hashimoto, E-mail: ,
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31
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Wu J, Wu Q, Bo Z, Zhu X, Zhang J, Li Q, Kong W. Comprehensive Effects of Flowering Locus T-Mediated Stem Growth in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922919. [PMID: 35783923 PMCID: PMC9243646 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, Flowering locus T (FT) encodes a major florigen. It is a key flowering hormone in controlling flowering time and has a wide range of effects on plant development. Although the mechanism by which FT promotes flowering is currently clearly understood, comprehensive effects of the FT gene on plant growth have not been evaluated. Therefore, the effects of FT on vegetative growth need to be explored for a complete understanding of the molecular functions of the FT gene. In this study, the Jatropha curcas L. FT gene was overexpressed in tobacco (JcFTOE) in order to discover multiple aspects and related mechanisms of how the FT gene affects plant development. In JcFTOE plants, root, stem, and leaf development was strongly affected. Stem tissues were selected for further transcriptome analysis. In JcFTOE plants, stem growth was affected because of changes in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell wall. In the nucleus of JcFTOE plants, the primary effect was to weaken all aspects of DNA replication, which ultimately affected the cell cycle and cell division. The number of stem cells decreased significantly in JcFTOE plants, which decreased the thickness and height of tobacco stems. In the cell wall of JcFTOE plants, hemicellulose and cellulose contents increased, with the increase in hemicellulose associated with up-regulation of xylan synthase-related genes expression. In the cytoplasm of JcFTOE plants, the primary effects were on biogenesis of ribonucleoprotein complexes, photosynthesis, carbohydrate biosynthesis, and the cytoskeleton. In addition, in the cytoplasm of JcFTOE plants, there were changes in certain factors of the core oscillator, expression of many light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding proteins was down-regulated, and expression of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase genes was up-regulated to increase starch content in tobacco stems. Changes in the xylem and phloem of JcFTOE plants were also identified, and in particular, xylem development was affected by significant increases in expression of irregular xylem genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Wu,
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongjian Bo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuli Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenqing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Zhang W, Staiger CJ. Revising the Role of Cortical Cytoskeleton during Secretion: Actin and Myosin XI Function in Vesicle Tethering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:317. [PMID: 35008741 PMCID: PMC8745698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, secretion of cell wall components and membrane proteins plays a fundamental role in growth and development as well as survival in diverse environments. Exocytosis, as the last step of the secretory trafficking pathway, is a highly ordered and precisely controlled process involving tethering, docking, and fusion of vesicles at the plasma membrane (PM) for cargo delivery. Although the exocytic process and machinery are well characterized in yeast and animal models, the molecular players and specific molecular events that underpin late stages of exocytosis in plant cells remain largely unknown. Here, by using the delivery of functional, fluorescent-tagged cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes (CSCs) to the PM as a model system for secretion, as well as single-particle tracking in living cells, we describe a quantitative approach for measuring the frequency of vesicle tethering events. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of cytoskeletal function, reveal that the initial vesicle tethering step of exocytosis is dependent on actin and myosin XI. In contrast, treatments with the microtubule inhibitor, oryzalin, did not significantly affect vesicle tethering or fusion during CSC exocytosis but caused a minor increase in transient or aborted tethering events. With data from this new quantitative approach and improved spatiotemporal resolution of single particle events during secretion, we generate a revised model for the role of the cortical cytoskeleton in CSC trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Tian X, Wang X, Li Y. Myosin XI-B is involved in the transport of vesicles and organelles in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1145-1161. [PMID: 34559914 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The movement of organelles and vesicles in pollen tubes depends on F-actin. However, the molecular mechanism through which plant myosin XI drives the movement of organelles is still controversial, and the relationship between myosin XI and vesicle movement in pollen tubes is also unclear. In this study, we found that the siliques of the myosin xi-b/e mutant were obviously shorter than those of the wild-type (WT) and that the seed set of the mutant was severely deficient. The pollen tube growth of myosin xi-b/e was significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching showed that the velocity of vesicle movement in the pollen tube tip of the myosin xi-b/e mutant was lower than that of the WT. It was also found that peroxisome movement was significantly inhibited in the pollen tubes of the myosin xi-b/e mutant, while the velocities of the Golgi stack and mitochondrial movement decreased relatively less in the pollen tubes of the mutant. The endoplasmic reticulum streaming in the pollen tube shanks was not significantly different between the WT and the myosin xi-b/e mutant. In addition, we found that myosin XI-B-GFP colocalized obviously with vesicles and peroxisomes in the pollen tubes of Arabidopsis. Taken together, these results indicate that myosin XI-B may bind mainly to vesicles and peroxisomes, and drive their movement in pollen tubes. These results also suggest that the mechanism by which myosin XI drives organelle movement in plant cells may be evolutionarily conserved compared with other eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Fang X, Sun X, Yang X, Li Q, Lin C, Xu J, Gong W, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhao L, Liu B, Qin J, Zhang M, Zhang C, Kong F, Li M. MS1 is essential for male fertility by regulating the microsporocyte cell plate expansion in soybean. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1533-1545. [PMID: 34236584 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Male sterility is an essential trait in hybrid seed production, especially for monoclinous and autogamous food crops. Soybean male-sterile ms1 mutant has been known for more than 50 years and could be instrumental in making hybrid seeds. However, the gene responsible for the male-sterile phenotype has remained unknown. Here, we report the map-based cloning and characterization of the MS1 gene in soybean. MS1 encodes a kinesin protein and localizes to the nucleus, where it is required for the male meiotic cytokinesis after telophase II. We further substantiated that MS1 colocalizes with microtubules and is essential for cell plate formation in soybean male gametogenesis through immunostaining. Both ms1 and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout mutants show complete male sterility but are otherwise phenotypically normal, making them perfect tools for producing hybrid seeds. The identification of MS1 has the practical potential for assembling the sterility system and speeding up hybrid soybean breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Sun
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Chunjing Lin
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Core Facility and Technical Service Center for SLSB, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Wenjun Gong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Qin
- Cereal & Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Cereal & Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
| | - Chunbao Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Soybean, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Meina Li
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Zhang W, Huang L, Zhang C, Staiger CJ. Arabidopsis myosin XIK interacts with the exocyst complex to facilitate vesicle tethering during exocytosis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2454-2478. [PMID: 33871640 PMCID: PMC8364239 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Myosin motors are essential players in secretory vesicle trafficking and exocytosis in yeast and mammalian cells; however, similar roles in plants remain a matter for debate, at least for diffusely growing cells. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) myosin XIK, via its globular tail domain (GTD), participates in the vesicle tethering step of exocytosis through direct interactions with the exocyst complex. Specifically, myosin XIK GTD bound directly to several exocyst subunits in vitro and functional fluorescently tagged XIK colocalized with multiple exocyst subunits at plasma membrane (PM)-associated stationary foci. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of myosin XI activity reduced the rate of appearance and lifetime of stationary exocyst complexes at the PM. By tracking single exocytosis events of cellulose synthase (CESA) complexes with high spatiotemporal resolution imaging and pair-wise colocalization of myosin XIK, exocyst subunits, and CESA6, we demonstrated that XIK associates with secretory vesicles earlier than exocyst and is required for the efficient localization and normal dynamic behavior of exocyst complex at the PM tethering site. This study reveals an important functional role for myosin XI in secretion and provides insights about the dynamic regulation of exocytosis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Center for Plant Biology, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Author for correspondence:
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Abstract
A central role of cell division in the life of multicellular plants is underlined by the fact that plants cannot move, in contrast to multicellular animals. Hence, cell division in plants fulfills not only a developmental task sensu stricto (for example, formation of organs, tissues and cell types) but also is key for adaptation to environmental conditions, presumably more so than in animals, by enhancing, reducing, as well as redirecting cell divisions, and thus adjusting growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Romeiro Motta
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany.
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany.
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De Caroli M, Barozzi F, Renna L, Piro G, Di Sansebastiano GP. Actin and Microtubules Differently Contribute to Vacuolar Targeting Specificity during the Export from the ER. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11040299. [PMID: 33924184 PMCID: PMC8074374 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Plants rely on both actin and microtubule cytoskeletons to fine-tune sorting and spatial targeting of membranes during cell growth and stress adaptation. Considerable advances have been made in recent years in the comprehension of the relationship between the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) and cytoskeletons, but studies have mainly focused on the transport to and from the plasma membrane. We address here the relationship of the cytoskeleton with different endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export mechanisms toward vacuoles. These emergent features of the plant endomembrane traffic are explored with an in vivo approach, providing clues on the traffic regulation at different levels beyond known proteins’ functions and interactions. We show how traffic of vacuolar markers, characterized by different vacuolar sorting determinants, diverges at the export from the ER, clearly involving different components of the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica De Caroli
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabrizio Barozzi
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Luciana Renna
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Piro
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Gian-Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- DISTEBA (Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.D.C.); (F.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-298-714
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Xing J, Zhang L, Duan Z, Lin J. Coordination of Phospholipid-Based Signaling and Membrane Trafficking in Plant Immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:407-420. [PMID: 33309101 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In plants, defense-associated signal transduction involves key membrane-related processes, such as phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking. Coordination of these processes occurs in the lipid bilayer of plasma membrane (PM) and luminal/extracellular membranes. Deciphering the spatiotemporal organization of phospholipids and lipid-protein interactions provides crucial information on the mechanisms that link phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking in plant immunity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of these connections, including deployment of key enzymes and molecules in phospholipid pathways, and roles of lipid diversity in membrane trafficking. We highlight the mechanisms that mediate feedback between phospholipid-based signaling and membrane trafficking to regulate plant immunity, including their novel roles in balancing endocytosis and exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Zhikun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Velásquez-Zapata V, Elmore JM, Banerjee S, Dorman KS, Wise RP. Next-generation yeast-two-hybrid analysis with Y2H-SCORES identifies novel interactors of the MLA immune receptor. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008890. [PMID: 33798202 PMCID: PMC8046355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interaction networks are one of the most effective representations of cellular behavior. In order to build these models, high-throughput techniques are required. Next-generation interaction screening (NGIS) protocols that combine yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) with deep sequencing are promising approaches to generate interactome networks in any organism. However, challenges remain to mining reliable information from these screens and thus, limit its broader implementation. Here, we present a computational framework, designated Y2H-SCORES, for analyzing high-throughput Y2H screens. Y2H-SCORES considers key aspects of NGIS experimental design and important characteristics of the resulting data that distinguish it from RNA-seq expression datasets. Three quantitative ranking scores were implemented to identify interacting partners, comprising: 1) significant enrichment under selection for positive interactions, 2) degree of interaction specificity among multi-bait comparisons, and 3) selection of in-frame interactors. Using simulation and an empirical dataset, we provide a quantitative assessment to predict interacting partners under a wide range of experimental scenarios, facilitating independent confirmation by one-to-one bait-prey tests. Simulation of Y2H-NGIS enabled us to identify conditions that maximize detection of true interactors, which can be achieved with protocols such as prey library normalization, maintenance of larger culture volumes and replication of experimental treatments. Y2H-SCORES can be implemented in different yeast-based interaction screenings, with an equivalent or superior performance than existing methods. Proof-of-concept was demonstrated by discovery and validation of novel interactions between the barley nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor MLA6, and fourteen proteins, including those that function in signaling, transcriptional regulation, and intracellular trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Velásquez-Zapata
- Program in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - J. Mitch Elmore
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sagnik Banerjee
- Program in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Karin S. Dorman
- Program in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Roger P. Wise
- Program in Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Herrmann A, Livanos P, Zimmermann S, Berendzen K, Rohr L, Lipka E, Müller S. KINESIN-12E regulates metaphase spindle flux and helps control spindle size in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:27-43. [PMID: 33751090 PMCID: PMC8136872 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bipolar mitotic spindle is a highly conserved structure among eukaryotes that mediates chromosome alignment and segregation. Spindle assembly and size control are facilitated by force-generating microtubule-dependent motor proteins known as kinesins. In animals, kinesin-12 cooperates with kinesin-5 to produce outward-directed forces necessary for spindle assembly. In plants, the relevant molecular mechanisms for spindle formation are poorly defined. While an Arabidopsis thaliana kinesin-5 ortholog has been identified, the kinesin-12 ortholog in plants remains elusive. In this study, we provide experimental evidence for the function of Arabidopsis KINESIN-12E in spindle assembly. In kinesin-12e mutants, a delay in spindle assembly is accompanied by the reduction of spindle size, demonstrating that KINESIN-12E contributes to mitotic spindle architecture. Kinesin-12E localization is mitosis-stage specific, beginning with its perinuclear accumulation during prophase. Upon nuclear envelope breakdown, KINESIN-12E decorates subpopulations of microtubules in the spindle and becomes progressively enriched in the spindle midzone. Furthermore, during cytokinesis, KINESIN-12E shares its localization at the phragmoplast midzone with several functionally diversified Arabidopsis KINESIN-12 members. Changes in the kinetochore and in prophase and metaphase spindle dynamics occur in the absence of KINESIN-12E, suggest it might play an evolutionarily conserved role during spindle formation similar to its spindle-localized animal kinesin-12 orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvid Herrmann
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pantelis Livanos
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffi Zimmermann
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth Berendzen
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leander Rohr
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Lipka
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- University of Tübingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology - Developmental Genetics, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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41
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Wang X, Sheng X, Tian X, Zhang Y, Li Y. Organelle movement and apical accumulation of secretory vesicles in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana depend on class XI myosins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1685-1697. [PMID: 33067901 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
F-actin and myosin XI play important roles in plant organelle movement. A few myosin XI genes in the genome of Arabidopsis are mainly expressed in mature pollen, which suggests that they may play a crucial role in pollen germination and pollen tube tip growth. In this study, a genetic complementation assay was conducted in a myosin xi-c (myo11c1) myosin xi-e (myo11c2) double mutant, and fluorescence labeling combined with microscopic observation was applied. We found that myosin XI-E (Myo11C2)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) restored the slow pollen tube growth and seed deficiency phenotypes of the myo11c1 myo11c2 double mutant and Myo11C2-GFP partially colocalized with mitochondria, peroxisomes and Golgi stacks. Furthermore, decreased mitochondrial movement and subapical accumulation were detected in myo11c1 myo11c2 double mutant pollen tubes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed that the fluorescence recoveries of GFP-RabA4d and AtPRK1-GFP at the pollen tube tip of the myo11c1 myo11c2 double mutant were lower than those of the wild type were after photobleaching. These results suggest that Myo11C2 may be associated with mitochondria, peroxisomes and Golgi stacks, and play a crucial role in organelle movement and apical accumulation of secretory vesicles in pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiulin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Silencing the Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Gene sqh Reduces Cold Hardiness in Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120844. [PMID: 33260791 PMCID: PMC7768443 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ambrosia artemisiifolia is a noxious invasive alien weed, that is harmful to the environment and human health. Ophraella communa is a biocontrol agent for A. artemisiifolia, that was accidentally introduced to the Chinese mainland and has now spread throughout southern China. Recently, we found that upon artificial introduction, O. communa can survive in northern China as well. Therefore, it is necessary to study the cold hardiness of O. communa. Many genes have been identified to play a role in cold-tolerance regulation in insects, but the function of the gene encoding non-muscle myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC-sqh) remains unknown. To evaluate the role played by MRLC-sqh in the cold-tolerance response, we cloned and characterized MRLC-sqh from O. communa. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that MRLC-sqh was expressed at high levels in the gut and pupae of O. communa. The expression of MRLC-sqh was shown to decrease after cold shock between 10 and 0 °C and ascend between 0 and -10 °C, but these did not show a positive association between MRLC-sqh expression and cold stress. Silencing of MRLC-sqh using dsMRLC-sqh increased the chill-coma recovery time of these beetles, suggesting that cold hardiness was reduced in its absence. These results suggest that the cold hardiness of O. communa may be partly regulated by MRLC-sqh. Our findings highlight the importance of motor proteins in mediating the cold response in insects.
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43
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Miguel VN, Ribichich KF, Giacomelli JI, Chan RL. Key role of the motor protein Kinesin 13B in the activity of homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6282-6296. [PMID: 32882705 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factor HaHB11 conferred differential phenotypic features when it was expressed in Arabidopsis, alfalfa, and maize plants. Such differences were increased biomass, seed yield, and tolerance to flooding. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to such traits and identify HaHB11-interacting proteins, a yeast two-hybrid screening of an Arabidopsis cDNA library was carried out using HaHB11 as bait. The sole protein identified with high confidence as interacting with HaHB11 was Kinesin 13B. The interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and by yeast two-hybrid assay. Kinesin 13B also interacted with AtHB7, the Arabidopsis closest ortholog of HaHB11. Histochemical analyses revealed an overlap between the expression patterns of the three genes in hypocotyls, apical meristems, young leaves, vascular tissue, axillary buds, cauline leaves, and cauline leaf nodes at different developmental stages. AtKinesin 13B mutants did not exhibit a differential phenotype when compared with controls; however, both HaHB11 and AtHB7 overexpressor plants lost, partially or totally, their differential phenotypic characteristics when crossed with such mutants. Altogether, the results indicated that Kinesin 13B is essential for the homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factors I to exert their functions, probably via regulation of the intracellular distribution of these transcription factors by the motor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Natali Miguel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Karina Fabiana Ribichich
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jorge Ignacio Giacomelli
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Raquel Lia Chan
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Multi-Omics Analysis of Small RNA, Transcriptome, and Degradome in T. turgidum-Regulatory Networks of Grain Development and Abiotic Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207772. [PMID: 33096606 PMCID: PMC7589925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop reproduction is highly sensitive to water deficit and heat stress. The molecular networks of stress adaptation and grain development in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum durum) are not well understood. Small RNAs (sRNAs) are important epigenetic regulators connecting the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory networks. This study presents the first multi-omics analysis of the sRNAome, transcriptome, and degradome in T. turgidum developing grains, under single and combined water deficit and heat stress. We identified 690 microRNAs (miRNAs), with 84 being novel, from 118 sRNA libraries. Complete profiles of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) specific to genotypes, stress types, and different reproductive time-points are provided. The first degradome sequencing report for developing durum grains discovered a significant number of new target genes regulated by miRNAs post-transcriptionally. Transcriptome sequencing profiled 53,146 T. turgidum genes, swith differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in functional categories such as nutrient metabolism, cellular differentiation, transport, reproductive development, and hormone transduction pathways. miRNA-mRNA networks that affect grain characteristics such as starch synthesis and protein metabolism were constructed on the basis of integrated analysis of the three omics. This study provides a substantial amount of novel information on the post-transcriptional networks in T. turgidum grains, which will facilitate innovations for breeding programs aiming to improve crop resilience and grain quality.
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Sepsi A, Schwarzacher T. Chromosome-nuclear envelope tethering - a process that orchestrates homologue pairing during plant meiosis? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/15/jcs243667. [PMID: 32788229 PMCID: PMC7438012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange their genetic material through reciprocal homologous recombination, a phenomenon essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Partial sequence identity between non-homologous and heterologous chromosomes can also lead to recombination (ectopic recombination), a highly deleterious process that rapidly compromises genome integrity. To avoid ectopic exchange, homology recognition must be extended from the narrow position of a crossover-competent double-strand break to the entire chromosome. Here, we review advances on chromosome behaviour during meiotic prophase I in higher plants, by integrating centromere- and telomere dynamics driven by cytoskeletal motor proteins, into the processes of homologue pairing, synapsis and recombination. Centromere–centromere associations and the gathering of telomeres at the onset of meiosis at opposite nuclear poles create a spatially organised and restricted nuclear state in which homologous DNA interactions are favoured but ectopic interactions also occur. The release and dispersion of centromeres from the nuclear periphery increases the motility of chromosome arms, allowing meiosis-specific movements that disrupt ectopic interactions. Subsequent expansion of interstitial synapsis from numerous homologous interactions further corrects ectopic interactions. Movement and organisation of chromosomes, thus, evolved to facilitate the pairing process, and can be modulated by distinct stages of chromatin associations at the nuclear envelope and their collective release. Summary: We review plant meiosis, including chromosome tethering at the nuclear periphery that, we propose, defines chromosome dynamics-facilitating DNA sequence-based pairing of homologues
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Sepsi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary .,BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science (ABÉT), 1111, Budapest, Mu˝ egyetem rkp. 3-9., Hungary
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- University of Leicester, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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46
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Abstract
Development encapsulates the morphogenesis of an organism from a single fertilized cell to a functional adult. A critical part of development is the specification of organ forms. Beyond the molecular control of morphogenesis, shape in essence entails structural constraints and thus mechanics. Revisiting recent results in biophysics and development, and comparing animal and plant model systems, we derive key overarching principles behind the formation of organs across kingdoms. In particular, we highlight how growing organs are active rather than passive systems and how such behavior plays a role in shaping the organ. We discuss the importance of considering different scales in understanding how organs form. Such an integrative view of organ development generates new questions while calling for more cross-fertilization between scientific fields and model system communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hamant
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, École normale supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon (UCBL), Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France;
| | - T E Saunders
- Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411; .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*Star, Proteos, Singapore 138673
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47
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Więsyk A, Lirski M, Fogtman A, Zagórski-Ostoja W, Góra-Sochacka A. Differences in gene expression profiles at the early stage of Solanum lycopersicum infection with mild and severe variants of potato spindle tuber viroid. Virus Res 2020; 286:198090. [PMID: 32634444 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Viroids with small, non-coding circular RNA genome can induce diseases in many plant species. The extend of infection symptoms depends on environmental conditions, viroid strain, and host plant species and cultivar. Pathogen recognition leads to massive transcriptional reprogramming to favor defense responses over normal cellular functions. To better understand the interaction between plant host and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) variants that differ in their virulence, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed by an RNA-seq approach. The changes of gene expression were analyzed at the time point when subtle symptoms became visible in plants infected with the severe PSTVd-S23 variant, while those infected with the mild PSTVd-M variant looked like non-infected healthy plants. Over 3000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized in both infections, but the majority of them were specific for infection with the severe variant. In both infections recognized DEGs were mainly related to biotic stress, hormone metabolism and signaling, transcription regulation, protein degradation, and transport. The DEGs related to cell cycle and microtubule were uniquely down-regulated only in the PSTVd-S23-infected plants. Similarly, expression of transcription factors from C2C2-GATA and growth-regulating factor (GRF) families was only altered upon infection with the severe variant. Both PSTVd variants triggered plant immune response; however expression of genes encoding crucial factors of this process was markedly more changed in the plants infected with the severe variant than in those with the mild one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Więsyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Lirski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Fogtman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Góra-Sochacka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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48
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MTV proteins unveil ER- and microtubule-associated compartments in the plant vacuolar trafficking pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9884-9895. [PMID: 32321832 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919820117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors and mechanisms involved in vacuolar transport in plants, and in particular those directing vesicles to their target endomembrane compartment, remain largely unknown. To identify components of the vacuolar trafficking machinery, we searched for Arabidopsis modified transport to the vacuole (mtv) mutants that abnormally secrete the synthetic vacuolar cargo VAC2. We report here on the identification of 17 mtv mutations, corresponding to mutant alleles of MTV2/VSR4, MTV3/PTEN2A MTV7/EREL1, MTV8/ARFC1, MTV9/PUF2, MTV10/VPS3, MTV11/VPS15, MTV12/GRV2, MTV14/GFS10, MTV15/BET11, MTV16/VPS51, MTV17/VPS54, and MTV18/VSR1 Eight of the MTV proteins localize at the interface between the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and the multivesicular bodies (MVBs), supporting that the trafficking step between these compartments is essential for segregating vacuolar proteins from those destined for secretion. Importantly, the GARP tethering complex subunits MTV16/VPS51 and MTV17/VPS54 were found at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- and microtubule-associated compartments (EMACs). Moreover, MTV16/VPS51 interacts with the motor domain of kinesins, suggesting that, in addition to tethering vesicles, the GARP complex may regulate the motors that transport them. Our findings unveil a previously uncharacterized compartment of the plant vacuolar trafficking pathway and support a role for microtubules and kinesins in GARP-dependent transport of soluble vacuolar cargo in plants.
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49
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Leong SY, Edzuka T, Goshima G, Yamada M. Kinesin-13 and Kinesin-8 Function during Cell Growth and Division in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:683-702. [PMID: 31919299 PMCID: PMC7054034 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-13 and Kinesin-8 are well-known microtubule (MT) depolymerases that regulate MT length and chromosome movement in animal mitosis. While much is unknown about plant Kinesin-8, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) Kinesin-13 have been shown to depolymerize MTs in vitro. However, the mitotic function of both kinesins has yet to be determined in plants. Here, we generated complete null mutants of Kinesin-13 and Kinesin-8 in moss (Physcomitrella patens). Both kinesins were found to be nonessential for viability, but the Kinesin-13 knockout (KO) line had increased mitotic duration and reduced spindle length, whereas the Kinesin-8 KO line did not display obvious mitotic defects. Surprisingly, spindle MT poleward flux, which is mediated by Kinesin-13 in animals, was retained in the absence of Kinesin-13. MT depolymerase activity was not detectable for either kinesin in vitro, while MT catastrophe-inducing activity (Kinesin-13) or MT gliding activity (Kinesin-8) was observed. Interestingly, both KO lines showed waviness in their protonema filaments, which correlated with positional instability of the MT foci in their tip cells. Taken together, the results suggest that plant Kinesin-13 and Kinesin-8 have diverged in both mitotic function and molecular activity, acquiring roles in regulating MT foci positioning for directed tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yao Leong
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoya Edzuka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Moé Yamada
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Elliott L, Moore I, Kirchhelle C. Spatio-temporal control of post-Golgi exocytic trafficking in plants. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/4/jcs237065. [PMID: 32102937 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex and dynamic endomembrane system is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells and underpins the evolution of specialised cell types in multicellular organisms. Endomembrane system function critically depends on the ability of the cell to (1) define compartment and pathway identity, and (2) organise compartments and pathways dynamically in space and time. Eukaryotes possess a complex molecular machinery to control these processes, including small GTPases and their regulators, SNAREs, tethering factors, motor proteins, and cytoskeletal elements. Whereas many of the core components of the eukaryotic endomembrane system are broadly conserved, there have been substantial diversifications within different lineages, possibly reflecting lineage-specific requirements of endomembrane trafficking. This Review focusses on the spatio-temporal regulation of post-Golgi exocytic transport in plants. It highlights recent advances in our understanding of the elaborate network of pathways transporting different cargoes to different domains of the cell surface, and the molecular machinery underpinning them (with a focus on Rab GTPases, their interactors and the cytoskeleton). We primarily focus on transport in the context of growth, but also highlight how these pathways are co-opted during plant immunity responses and at the plant-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Elliott
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ian Moore
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Charlotte Kirchhelle
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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