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Arauna D, Araya-Maturana R, Urra FA, García Á, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Altered dynamics of calcium fluxes and mitochondrial metabolism in platelet activation-related disease and aging. Life Sci 2024; 351:122846. [PMID: 38880165 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms controlling platelet function is crucial for exploring potential therapeutic targets related to atherothrombotic pathologies and primary hemostasis disorders. Our research, which focuses on the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis, has significant implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Traditionally, Ca2+-dependent cellular signaling has been recognized as a determinant process throughout the platelet activation, controlled primarily by store-operated Ca2+ entry and the PLC-PKC signaling pathway. However, despite the accumulated knowledge of these regulatory mechanisms, the effectiveness of therapy based on various commonly used antiplatelet drugs (such as acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, among others) has faced challenges due to bleeding risks and reduced efficacy associated with the phenomenon of high platelet reactivity. Recent evidence suggests that platelet mitochondria could play a fundamental role in these aspects through Ca2+-dependent mechanisms linked to apoptosis and forming a procoagulant phenotype. In this context, the present review describes the latest advances regarding the role of platelet mitochondria and Ca2+ fluxes in platelet activation, the formation of the procoagulant phenotype, and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Laboratory of Metabolic Plasticity and Bioenergetics, Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ángel García
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Interuniversity Center of Healthy Aging (CIES), MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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2
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Yarlett N, Jarroll EL, Morada M, Lloyd D. Protists: Eukaryotic single-celled organisms and the functioning of their organelles. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 84:243-307. [PMID: 38821633 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Organelles are membrane bound structures that compartmentalize biochemical and molecular functions. With improved molecular, biochemical and microscopy tools the diversity and function of protistan organelles has increased in recent years, providing a complex panoply of structure/function relationships. This is particularly noticeable with the description of hydrogenosomes, and the diverse array of structures that followed, having hybrid hydrogenosome/mitochondria attributes. These diverse organelles have lost the major, at one time, definitive components of the mitochondrion (tricarboxylic cycle enzymes and cytochromes), however they all contain the machinery for the assembly of Fe-S clusters, which is the single unifying feature they share. The plasticity of organelles, like the mitochondrion, is therefore evident from its ability to lose its identity as an aerobic energy generating powerhouse while retaining key ancestral functions common to both aerobes and anaerobes. It is interesting to note that the apicoplast, a non-photosynthetic plastid that is present in all apicomplexan protozoa, apart from Cryptosporidium and possibly the gregarines, is also the site of Fe-S cluster assembly proteins. It turns out that in Cryptosporidium proteins involved in Fe-S cluster biosynthesis are localized in the mitochondrial remnant organelle termed the mitosome. Hence, different organisms have solved the same problem of packaging a life-requiring set of reactions in different ways, using different ancestral organelles, discarding what is not needed and keeping what is essential. Don't judge an organelle by its cover, more by the things it does, and always be prepared for surprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Yarlett
- Haskins Laboratories, Pace University, New York, NY, United States; The Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Pace University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Edward L Jarroll
- Department of Biological Sciences, CUNY-Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Mary Morada
- Haskins Laboratories, Pace University, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Lloyd
- Schools of Biosciences and Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
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3
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Fuentes E, Arauna D, Araya-Maturana R. Regulation of mitochondrial function by hydroquinone derivatives as prevention of platelet activation. Thromb Res 2023; 230:55-63. [PMID: 37639783 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events in different diseases (e.g., cancer, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cardiovascular diseases, and even in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019). Therefore, antiplatelet therapy is essential to reduce thrombus formation. However, the utility of current antiplatelet drugs is limited. Therefore, identifying novel antiplatelet compounds is very important in developing new drugs. In this context, the involvement of mitochondrial function as an efficient energy source required for platelet activation is currently accepted; however, its contribution as an antiplatelet target still has little been exploited. Regarding this, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding of hydroquinone derivatives has been described as a structural motif that allows the reach of small molecules at mitochondria, which can exert antiplatelet activity, among others. In this review, we describe the role of mitochondrial function in platelet activation and how hydroquinone derivatives exert antiplatelet activity through mitochondrial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile.
| | - Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3480094, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile
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4
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Marszalek J, Craig EA, Tomiczek B. J-Domain Proteins Orchestrate the Multifunctionality of Hsp70s in Mitochondria: Insights from Mechanistic and Evolutionary Analyses. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:293-318. [PMID: 36520311 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial J-domain protein (JDP) co-chaperones orchestrate the function of their Hsp70 chaperone partner(s) in critical organellar processes that are essential for cell function. These include folding, refolding, and import of mitochondrial proteins, maintenance of mitochondrial DNA, and biogenesis of iron-sulfur cluster(s) (FeS), prosthetic groups needed for function of mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins. Consistent with the organelle's endosymbiotic origin, mitochondrial Hsp70 and the JDPs' functioning in protein folding and FeS biogenesis clearly descended from bacteria, while the origin of the JDP involved in protein import is less evident. Regardless of their origin, all mitochondrial JDP/Hsp70 systems evolved unique features that allowed them to perform mitochondria-specific functions. Their modes of functional diversification and specialization illustrate the versatility of JDP/Hsp70 systems and inform our understanding of system functioning in other cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Marszalek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Elizabeth A Craig
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Bartlomiej Tomiczek
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Nguyen TT, Planchard N, Dahan J, Arnal N, Balzergue S, Benamar A, Bertin P, Brunaud V, Dargel-Graffin C, Macherel D, Martin-Magniette ML, Quadrado M, Namy O, Mireau H. A Case of Gene Fragmentation in Plant Mitochondria Fixed by the Selection of a Compensatory Restorer of Fertility-Like PPR Gene. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3445-3458. [PMID: 33878189 PMCID: PMC8321540 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mutational load of mitochondrial genomes combined with their uniparental inheritance and high polyploidy favors the maintenance of deleterious mutations within populations. How cells compose and adapt to the accumulation of disadvantageous mitochondrial alleles remains unclear. Most harmful changes are likely corrected by purifying selection, however, the intimate collaboration between mitochondria- and nuclear-encoded gene products offers theoretical potential for compensatory adaptive changes. In plants, cytoplasmic male sterilities are known examples of nucleo-mitochondrial coadaptation situations in which nuclear-encoded restorer of fertility (Rf) genes evolve to counteract the effect of mitochondria-encoded cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes and restore fertility. Most cloned Rfs belong to a small monophyletic group, comprising 26 pentatricopeptide repeat genes in Arabidopsis, called Rf-like (RFL). In this analysis, we explored the functional diversity of RFL genes in Arabidopsis and found that the RFL8 gene is not related to CMS suppression but essential for plant embryo development. In vitro-rescued rfl8 plantlets are deficient in the production of the mitochondrial heme-lyase complex. A complete ensemble of molecular and genetic analyses allowed us to demonstrate that the RFL8 gene has been selected to permit the translation of the mitochondrial ccmFN2 gene encoding a heme-lyase complex subunit which derives from the split of the ccmFN gene, specifically in Brassicaceae plants. This study represents thus a clear case of nuclear compensation to a lineage-specific mitochondrial genomic rearrangement in plants and demonstrates that RFL genes can be selected in response to other mitochondrial deviancies than CMS suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Trung Nguyen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Noelya Planchard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
- Paris-Sud University, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Jennifer Dahan
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Nadège Arnal
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Abdelilah Benamar
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Pierre Bertin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Brunaud
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Orsay, France
| | - Céline Dargel-Graffin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - David Macherel
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 1345, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Orsay, France
| | - Martine Quadrado
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Olivier Namy
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hakim Mireau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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Iacolina L, Buzan E, Safner T, Bašić N, Geric U, Tesija T, Lazar P, Arnal MC, Chen J, Han J, Šprem N. A Mother's Story, Mitogenome Relationships in the Genus Rupicapra. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041065. [PMID: 33918642 PMCID: PMC8069603 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Two species of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra and R. pyrenaica) are currently recognized by taxonomy and further subdivided into seven and three subspecies, respectively. However, recent research based on molecular markers finds this classification questionable. We aim to increase the resolution of published research on chamois phylogeny by including mitogenomes of all available subspecies, including the previously unpublished mitogenomes of R. r. balcanica and R. r. tatrica subspecies. The inferred phylogeny based on the full mitogenomes confirms the previously reported genus subdivision in three clades and its monophyletic positioning within the Caprinae. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Rupicapra species thus remain controversial prompting for the inclusion of archeological remains to solve the controversy. Abstract Although the two species of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra and R. pyrenaica) are currently classified as least-concern by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature), inconsistencies on the subspecies classification reported in literature make it challenging to assess the conservation status of the single subspecies. Previous studies relying on mitochondrial genes, sometimes in combination with nuclear or Y-chromosome markers, reported the presence of clusters corresponding to the geographic distribution but highlighting ambiguities in the genus phylogeny. Here we report novel de novo assembled sequences of the mitochondrial genome from nine individuals, including previously unpublished R. r. balcanica and R. r. tatrica subspecies, and use them to untangle the genus phylogeny. Our results based on the full mitogenome inferred phylogeny confirm the previously reported genus subdivision in three clades and its monophyletic positioning within the Caprinae. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Rupicapra species thus remain controversial prompting for the inclusion of archeological remains to solve the controversy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iacolina
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.I.); (T.T.); (N.Š.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (E.B.); (N.B.); (U.G.)
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Elena Buzan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (E.B.); (N.B.); (U.G.)
- Environmental Protection College, 3320 Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Toni Safner
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.I.); (T.T.); (N.Š.)
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-91-542-8870
| | - Nino Bašić
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (E.B.); (N.B.); (U.G.)
- Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Institute of Mathematics, Physics, and Mechanics, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Geric
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (E.B.); (N.B.); (U.G.)
| | - Toni Tesija
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.I.); (T.T.); (N.Š.)
| | - Peter Lazar
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - María Cruz Arnal
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Jianhai Chen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Jianlin Han
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Nikica Šprem
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.I.); (T.T.); (N.Š.)
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7
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Hill GE. Mitonuclear Compensatory Coevolution. Trends Genet 2020; 36:403-414. [PMID: 32396834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In bilaterian animals, the mitochondrial genome is small, haploid, does not typically recombine, and is subject to accumulation of deleterious alleles via Muller's ratchet. These basic features of the genomic architecture present a paradox: mutational erosion of these genomes should lead to decline in mitochondrial function over time, yet no such decline is observed. Compensatory coevolution, whereby the nuclear genome evolves to compensate for the deleterious alleles in the mitochondrial genome, presents a potential solution to the paradox of Muller's ratchet without loss of function. Here, I review different proposed forms of mitonuclear compensatory coevolution. Empirical evidence from diverse eukaryotic taxa supports the mitonuclear compensatory coevolution hypothesis, but the ubiquity and importance of such compensatory coevolution remains a topic of debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Science, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5414, USA.
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8
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Ho KM, Kalgudi S, Corbett JM, Litton E. Gut microbiota in surgical and critically ill patients. Anaesth Intensive Care 2020; 48:179-195. [PMID: 32131606 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x20903732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota-defined as a collection of microbial organisms colonising different parts of the human body-is now recognised as a pivotal element of human health, and explains a large part of the variance in the phenotypic expression of many diseases. A reduction in microbiota diversity, and replacement of normal microbes with non-commensal, pathogenic or more virulent microbes in the gastrointestinal tract-also known as gut dysbiosis-is now considered to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic diseases. Results from animal and human studies suggest that dysbiosis is linked to cardiovascular and metabolic disease through changes to microbiota-derived metabolites, including trimethylamine-N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids. Dysbiosis can occur within hours of surgery or the onset of critical illness, even without the administration of antibiotics. These pathological changes in microbiota may contribute to important clinical outcomes, including surgical infection, bowel anastomotic leaks, acute kidney injury, respiratory failure and brain injury. As a strategy to reduce dysbiosis, the use of probiotics (live bacterial cultures that confer health benefits) or synbiotics (probiotic in combination with food that encourages the growth of gut commensal bacteria) in surgical and critically ill patients has been increasingly reported to confer important clinical benefits, including a reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia, bacteraemia and length of hospital stay, in small randomised controlled trials. However, the best strategy to modulate dysbiosis or counteract its potential harms remains uncertain and requires investigation by a well-designed, adequately powered, randomised controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok M Ho
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shankar Kalgudi
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Jade-Marie Corbett
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Edward Litton
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Australia
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9
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Yu R, Lendahl U, Nistér M, Zhao J. Regulation of Mammalian Mitochondrial Dynamics: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:374. [PMID: 32595603 PMCID: PMC7300174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and important for a variety of cellular functions. They constantly undergo fission and fusion events, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, which affects the shape, size, and number of mitochondria in the cell, as well as mitochondrial subcellular transport, mitochondrial quality control (mitophagy), and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics is associated with various human diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics is mediated by a set of mitochondria-shaping proteins in both yeast and mammals. In this review, we describe recent insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fusion and fission, particularly highlighting the coordinating roles of different mitochondria-shaping proteins in the processes, as well as the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the actin cytoskeleton and membrane phospholipids in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. We particularly focus on emerging roles for the mammalian mitochondrial proteins Fis1, Mff, and MIEFs (MIEF1 and MIEF2) in regulating the recruitment of the cytosolic Drp1 to the surface of mitochondria and how these proteins, especially Fis1, mediate crosstalk between the mitochondrial fission and fusion machineries. In summary, this review provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial dynamics and the involvement of these mechanisms in apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Monica Nistér
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jian Zhao
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10
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Saladi S, Boos F, Poglitsch M, Meyer H, Sommer F, Mühlhaus T, Schroda M, Schuldiner M, Madeo F, Herrmann JM. The NADH Dehydrogenase Nde1 Executes Cell Death after Integrating Signals from Metabolism and Proteostasis on the Mitochondrial Surface. Mol Cell 2020; 77:189-202.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Li Z, Fu J, Li Z, Tang Y, Hua Q, Liu L, Zhao J. Air pollution and placental mitochondrial DNA copy number: Mechanistic insights and epidemiological challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113266. [PMID: 31557557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During embryogenesis and embryo implantation, the copy number of mtDNA is elaborately regulated to meet the cellular demand for division, growth and differentiation. With large numbers of mitochondria for energy production, placental cells possess strong endocrine functionalities and capacities for efficient signaling communication. Recently, several environmental epidemiological studies have shown an association between mitochondrial DNA copy number, adverse birth outcomes and maternal exposure to air pollution, which has shed light on the possible effect of pollutants on placental molecular events. Because the mtDNA replication is thought to be a direct drive of mtDNA change, we tried to highlight the essential factors involved in the process of mtDNA replication. Then we traced the mtDNA change in the formation of placenta during embryogenesis, and evaluated the importance of mitochondrial genome maintenance during gestation. The possible mechanism from the epidemiological and experimental studies were reviewed and summarized, and recommendations were proposed for future studies to improve the precision of the estimated difference. The issue will be well-understood if the integrated profiles, such as familial genetic tendency, maternal genetic information, identification of mitochondrial DNA copy number in each placental cell type, and total personal exposure assessment, are considered in the future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfei Fu
- Department of Medical Records and Statistics, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Tang
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihang Hua
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Liu
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshun Zhao
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medicine School of Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhu Z, Kawai T, Umehara T, Hoque SAM, Zeng W, Shimada M. Negative effects of ROS generated during linear sperm motility on gene expression and ATP generation in boar sperm mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:159-171. [PMID: 31212063 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is essential for ATP production to maintain sperm linear motility during migration from the uterus to the oviduct. However, ROS are generated as by-products of OXPHOS, causing stress and damaging the sperm quality. This study aimed to clarify the ROS targets in sperm mitochondria that decrease linear motility and to investigate whether mitochondria-target antioxidants (PQQ and CoQ10) affect mitochondrial activity and sperm motility. Sperm linear motility pattern, ATP production, and mitochondrial activity were decreased with increasing ROS levels during incubation in the low-glucose medium. However, sperm motility patterns and ROS levels were not significantly changed in the high-glucose medium. Moreover, the gene expression system (mt-DNA, mitochondrial transcription factor-A (TFAM) and RNA polymerase (POLRMT)) in sperm mitochondria was damaged during incubation in the low-glucose medium. Interestingly, PQQ treatment increased the mt-DNA stability and decreased the damage to TFAM and POLRMT, which resulted in high expression of mitochondrial genes. Furthermore, the antioxidants increased mitochondrial activity and maintained sperm linear motility under the low glucose condition. These results revealed that both ATP production and the mitochondrial transcription system are damaged with increasing ROS levels in sperm that show a linear motility pattern. Treatment with antioxidants, such as PQQ and CoQ10, is beneficial tool to maintain sperm linear motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China; Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S A Masudul Hoque
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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13
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Zilocchi M, Fasano M, Alberio T. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Development of Parkinson’s Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1158:17-44. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8367-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Fuentes E, Araya-Maturana R, Urra FA. Regulation of mitochondrial function as a promising target in platelet activation-related diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 136:172-182. [PMID: 30625393 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are anucleated cell elements produced by fragmentation of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes and have a unique metabolic phenotype compared with circulating leukocytes, exhibiting a high coupling efficiency to mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production with reduced respiratory reserve capacity. Platelet mitochondria are well suited for ex vivo analysis of different diseases. Even some diseases induce mitochondrial changes in platelets without reflecting them in other organs. During platelet activation, an integrated participation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation is mediated by oxidative stress production-dependent signaling. The platelet activation-dependent procoagulant activity mediated by collagen, thrombin and hyperglycemia induce mitochondrial dysfunction to promote thrombosis in oxidative stress-associated pathological conditions. Interestingly, some compounds exhibit a protective action on platelet mitochondrial dysfunction through control of mitochondrial oxidative stress production or inhibition of respiratory complexes. They can be grouped in a) Natural source-derived compounds (e.g. Xanthohumol, Salvianoloc acid A and Sila-amide derivatives of NAC), b) TPP+-linked small molecules (e.g. mitoTEMPO and mitoQuinone) and c) FDA-approved drugs (e.g. metformin and statins), illustrating the wide range of molecular structures capable of effectively interacting with platelet mitochondria. The present review article aims to discuss the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and their association with platelet activation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico (PIA-CG), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Félix A Urra
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Jiao Y, Niu T, Liu H, Tay FR, Chen JH. Protection against HEMA-Induced Mitochondrial Injury In Vitro by Nrf2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3501059. [PMID: 31089407 PMCID: PMC6476051 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3501059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental resin monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) disturb vital cell functions and induce mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis via generation of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the gene expression of antioxidative enzymes and plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular redox equilibrium and mitochondrial homeostasis. The present study investigated the functional significance of Nrf2 in cellular response toward HEMA. It was found that HEMA stimulation promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, which was further enhanced by Nrf2 activator tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), but suppressed by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Pretreatment of primary human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) with tBHQ protected the cells from HEMA-induced oxidative injury (increased reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis) and mitochondrial impairment (morphological alterations, decreased ATP production, suppressed oxidative phosphorylation activity, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and disrupted electron transport chain). In contrast, pretreatment with ML385 increased cell sensitivity to these injurious processes. This protective effect on mitochondria could be related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α)/nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) pathway. These results contribute to the understanding of the function of Nrf2 and the development of novel therapies to counteract the adverse effects of dental resin monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Stomatology, the 7th Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tao Niu
- The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Franklin R. Tay
- Department of Endodontics, the Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ji-hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Zou J, Liao X, Liu Y, Lian T, Nian H. Major contribution of transcription initiation to 5'-end formation of mitochondrial steady-state transcripts in maize. RNA Biol 2018; 16:104-117. [PMID: 30585757 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1561604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In plant mitochondria, some steady-state transcripts contain primary 5' ends derived from transcription initiation, while the others have processed 5' termini generated by post-transcriptional processing. Differentiation and mapping of the primary and processed transcripts are important for unraveling the molecular mechanism(s) underlying transcription and transcript end maturation. However, previous efforts to systematically differentiate these two types of transcripts in plant mitochondria failed. At present, it is considered that the majority of mature mRNAs may have processed 5' ends in Arabidopsis. Here, by combination of circular RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR, RNA 5'-polyphosphatase treatment and Northern blot, we successfully discriminated and mapped the primary and processed transcripts in maize mitochondria. Among the thirty-five mature and eight precursor RNAs analyzed in this study, about one half (21/43) were found to have multiple isoforms. In total, seventy-seven steady-state transcripts were determined, and forty-seven of them had primary 5' ends. Most transcription initiation sites (126/167) were downstream of a crTA-motif. These data suggested a major contribution of transcription initiation to 5'-end formation of steady-state transcripts in maize mitochondria. Moreover, the mapping results revealed that mature RNA termini had largely been formed before trans-splicing, and C→U RNA editing was accompanied with trans-splicing and transcript end formation in maize mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jingyun Zou
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xun Liao
- b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yujun Liu
- c Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Tengxiang Lian
- a State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,d Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hai Nian
- a State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China.,d Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , China
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17
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Lucas S, Chen G, Aras S, Wang J. Serine catabolism is essential to maintain mitochondrial respiration in mammalian cells. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800036. [PMID: 30456347 PMCID: PMC6238390 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory complex assembly requires the one-carbon unit generated from serine catabolism. Breakdown of serine by the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) produces glycine and one-carbon (1C) units. These serine catabolites provide important metabolic intermediates for the synthesis of nucleotides, as well as methyl groups for biosynthetic and regulatory methylation reactions. Recently, it has been shown that serine catabolism is required for efficient cellular respiration. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we demonstrate that the mitochondrial SHMT enzyme, SHMT2, is essential to maintain cellular respiration, the main process through which mammalian cells acquire energy. We show that SHMT2 is required for the assembly of Complex I of the respiratory chain. Furthermore, supplementation of formate, a bona fide 1C donor, restores Complex I assembly in the absence of SHMT2. Thus, provision of 1C units by mitochondrial serine catabolism is critical for cellular respiration, at least in part by influencing the assembly of the respiratory apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lucas
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Chen
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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18
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Stoldt S, Wenzel D, Kehrein K, Riedel D, Ott M, Jakobs S. Spatial orchestration of mitochondrial translation and OXPHOS complex assembly. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:528-534. [PMID: 29662179 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is vital for the regeneration of the vast majority of ATP in eukaryotic cells 1 . OXPHOS is carried out by large multi-subunit protein complexes in the cristae membranes, which are invaginations of the mitochondrial inner membrane. The OXPHOS complexes are a mix of subunits encoded in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Thus, the assembly of these dual-origin complexes is an enormous logistical challenge for the cell. Using super-resolution microscopy (nanoscopy) and quantitative cryo-immunogold electron microscopy, we determined where specific transcripts are translated and where distinct assembly steps of the dual-origin complexes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae occur. Our data indicate that the mitochondrially encoded proteins of complex III and complex IV are preferentially inserted in different sites of the inner membrane than those of complex V. We further demonstrate that the early, but not the late, assembly steps of complex III and complex IV occur preferentially in the inner boundary membrane. By contrast, all steps of complex V assembly occur mainly in the cristae membranes. Thus, OXPHOS complex assembly is spatially well orchestrated, probably representing an unappreciated regulatory layer in mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stoldt
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Wenzel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Kehrein
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dietmar Riedel
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Ott
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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19
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Lv YJ, Yang Y, Sui BD, Hu CH, Zhao P, Liao L, Chen J, Zhang LQ, Yang TT, Zhang SF, Jin Y. Resveratrol counteracts bone loss via mitofilin-mediated osteogenic improvement of mesenchymal stem cells in senescence-accelerated mice. Theranostics 2018; 8:2387-2406. [PMID: 29721087 PMCID: PMC5928897 DOI: 10.7150/thno.23620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational: Senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the related functional decline of osteogenesis have emerged as the critical pathogenesis of osteoporosis in aging. Resveratrol (RESV), a small molecular compound that safely mimics the effects of dietary restriction, has been well documented to extend lifespan in lower organisms and improve health in aging rodents. However, whether RESV promotes function of senescent stem cells in alleviating age-related phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we intend to investigate whether RESV counteracts senescence-associated bone loss via osteogenic improvement of MSCs and the underlying mechanism. Methods: MSCs derived from bone marrow (BMMSCs) and the bone-specific, senescence-accelerated, osteoblastogenesis/osteogenesis-defective mice (the SAMP6 strain) were used as experimental models. In vivo application of RESV was performed at 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally once every other day for 2 months, and in vitro application of RESV was performed at 10 μM. Bone mass, bone formation rates and osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs were primarily evaluated. Metabolic statuses of BMMSCs and the mitochondrial activity, transcription and morphology were also examined. Mitofilin expression was assessed at both mRNA and protein levels, and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-based gene knockdown was applied for mechanistic experiments. Results: Chronic intermittent application of RESV enhances bone formation and counteracts accelerated bone loss, with RESV improving osteogenic differentiation of senescent BMMSCs. Furthermore, in rescuing osteogenic decline under BMMSC senescence, RESV restores cellular metabolism through mitochondrial functional recovery via facilitating mitochondrial autonomous gene transcription. Molecularly, in alleviating senescence-associated mitochondrial disorders of BMMSCs, particularly the mitochondrial morphological alterations, RESV upregulates Mitofilin, also known as inner membrane protein of mitochondria (Immt) or Mic60, which is the core component of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS). Moreover, Mitofilin is revealed to be indispensable for mitochondrial homeostasis and osteogenesis of BMMSCs, and that insufficiency of Mitofilin leads to BMMSC senescence and bone loss. More importantly, Mitofilin mediates resveratrol-induced mitochondrial and osteogenic improvements of BMMSCs in senescence. Conclusion: Our findings uncover osteogenic functional improvements of senescent MSCs as critical impacts in anti-osteoporotic practice of RESV, and unravel Mitofilin as a novel mechanism mediating RESV promotion on mitochondrial function in stem cell senescence.
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Classification of Complete Proteomes of Different Organisms and Protein Sets Based on Their Protein Distributions in Terms of Some Key Attributes of Proteins. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:9784161. [PMID: 29686995 PMCID: PMC5857298 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9784161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of complete genome sequences makes it important to develop different approaches for classification of large-scale data sets and to make extraction of biological insights easier. Here, we propose an approach for classification of complete proteomes/protein sets based on protein distributions on some basic attributes. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach by determining protein distributions in terms of two attributes: protein lengths and protein intrinsic disorder contents (ID). The protein distributions based on L and ID are surveyed for representative proteome organisms and protein sets from the three domains of life. The two-dimensional maps (designated as fingerprints here) from the protein distribution densities in the LD space defined by ln(L) and ID are then constructed. The fingerprints for different organisms and protein sets are found to be distinct with each other, and they can therefore be used for comparative studies. As a test case, phylogenetic trees have been constructed based on the protein distribution densities in the fingerprints of proteomes of organisms without performing any protein sequence comparison and alignments. The phylogenetic trees generated are biologically meaningful, demonstrating that the protein distributions in the LD space may serve as unique phylogenetic signals of the organisms at the proteome level.
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21
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Schorr S, van der Laan M. Integrative functions of the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 76:191-200. [PMID: 28923515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are complex double-membrane-bound organelles of eukaryotic cells that function as energy-converting powerhouses, metabolic factories and signaling centers. The outer membrane controls the exchange of material and information with other cellular compartments. The inner membrane provides an extended, highly folded surface for selective transport and energy-coupling reactions. It can be divided into an inner boundary membrane and tubular or lamellar cristae membranes that accommodate the oxidative phosphorylation units. Outer membrane, inner boundary membrane and cristae come together at crista junctions, where the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) acts as a membrane-shaping and -connecting scaffold. This peculiar architecture is of pivotal importance for multiple mitochondrial functions. Many elaborate studies in the past years have shed light on the subunit composition and organization of MICOS. In this review article, we summarize these insights and then move on to discuss exciting recent discoveries on the integrative functions of MICOS. Multi-faceted connections to other major players of mitochondrial biogenesis and physiology, like the protein import machineries, the oxidative phosphorylation system, carrier proteins and phospholipid biosynthesis enzymes, are currently emerging. Therefore, we propose that MICOS acts as a central hub in mitochondrial membrane architecture and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schorr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Saarland University, School of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Saarland University, School of Medicine, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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22
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Bohnsack MT, Sloan KE. The mitochondrial epitranscriptome: the roles of RNA modifications in mitochondrial translation and human disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 75:241-260. [PMID: 28752201 PMCID: PMC5756263 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2598-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein synthesis is essential for the production of components of the oxidative phosphorylation system. RNA modifications in the mammalian mitochondrial translation apparatus play key roles in facilitating mitochondrial gene expression as they enable decoding of the non-conventional genetic code by a minimal set of tRNAs, and efficient and accurate protein synthesis by the mitoribosome. Intriguingly, recent transcriptome-wide analyses have also revealed modifications in mitochondrial mRNAs, suggesting that the concept of dynamic regulation of gene expression by the modified RNAs (the “epitranscriptome”) extends to mitochondria. Furthermore, it has emerged that defects in RNA modification, arising from either mt-DNA mutations or mutations in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial modification enzymes, underlie multiple mitochondrial diseases. Concomitant advances in the identification of the mitochondrial RNA modification machinery and recent structural views of the mitochondrial translation apparatus now allow the molecular basis of such mitochondrial diseases to be understood on a mechanistic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Göttingen Centre for Molecular Biosciences, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Katherine E Sloan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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